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De Luca SN, Vlahos R. Targeting accelerated pulmonary ageing to treat chronic obstructive pulmonary disease-induced neuropathological comorbidities. Br J Pharmacol 2024; 181:3-20. [PMID: 37828646 PMCID: PMC10952708 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major incurable health burden, ranking as the third leading cause of death worldwide, mainly driven by cigarette smoking. COPD is characterised by persistent airway inflammation, lung function decline and premature ageing with the presence of pulmonary senescent cells. This review proposes that cellular senescence, a state of stable cell cycle arrest linked to ageing, induced by inflammation and oxidative stress in COPD, extends beyond the lungs and affects the systemic circulation. This pulmonary senescent profile will reach other organs via extracellular vesicles contributing to brain inflammation and damage, and increasing the risk of neurological comorbidities, such as stroke, cerebral small vessel disease and Alzheimer's disease. The review explores the role of cellular senescence in COPD-associated brain conditions and investigates the relationship between cellular senescence and circadian rhythm in COPD. Additionally, it discusses potential therapies, including senomorphic and senolytic treatments, as novel strategies to halt or improve the progression of COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone N. De Luca
- Centre for Respiratory Science and Health, School of Health & Biomedical SciencesRMIT UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Ross Vlahos
- Centre for Respiratory Science and Health, School of Health & Biomedical SciencesRMIT UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
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2
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Afzal A, Khawar MB, Habiba U, Afzal H, Hamid SE, Rafiq M, Abbasi MH, Sheikh N, Abaidullah R, Asif Z, Saeed T. Diagnostic and therapeutic value of EVs in lungs diseases and inflammation. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 51:26. [PMID: 38127201 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-09045-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane-derived messengers which have been playing an important role in the inflammation and pathogenesis of lung diseases. EVs contain varieties of DNA, RNA, and membrane receptors through which they work as a delivery system for bioactive molecules as well as intracellular communicators. EV signaling mediates tumor progression and metastasis. EVs are linked with many diseases and perform a diagnostic role in lung injury and inflammation so are used to diagnose the severity of diseases. EVs containing a variety of biomolecules communicate with the recipient cells during pathophysiological mechanisms thereby acquiring the attention of clinicians toward the diagnostic and therapeutic potential of EVs in different lung diseases. In this review, we summarize the role of EVs in inflammation with an emphasis on their potential as a novel candidate in the diagnostics and therapeutics of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, and sarcoidosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Afzal
- Molecular Medicine and Cancer Therapeutics Lab, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Muhammad Babar Khawar
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.
- Applied Molecular Biology and Biomedicine Lab, Department of Zoology, University of Narowal, Narowal, Pakistan.
| | - Ume Habiba
- Department of Zoology, University of Education, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Hanan Afzal
- Molecular Medicine and Cancer Therapeutics Lab, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Syeda Eisha Hamid
- Molecular Medicine and Cancer Therapeutics Lab, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Mussarat Rafiq
- Cell & Molecular Biology Lab, Institute of Zoology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | - Nadeem Sheikh
- Cell & Molecular Biology Lab, Institute of Zoology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Rimsha Abaidullah
- Applied Molecular Biology and Biomedicine Lab, Department of Zoology, University of Narowal, Narowal, Pakistan
| | - Zoya Asif
- Applied Molecular Biology and Biomedicine Lab, Department of Zoology, University of Narowal, Narowal, Pakistan
| | - Tahaa Saeed
- Department of Biology, Syed Babar Ali School of Science and Engineering, Lahore University of Management Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
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3
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Wu J, Ma Y, Chen Y. Extracellular vesicles and COPD: foe or friend? J Nanobiotechnology 2023; 21:147. [PMID: 37147634 PMCID: PMC10161449 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-023-01911-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a chronic inflammatory airway disease characterized by progressive airflow limitation. The complex biological processes of COPD include protein hydrolysis tissue remodeling, innate immune inflammation, disturbed host-pathogen response, abnormal cellular phenotype conversion, and cellular senescence. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) (including apoptotic vesicles, microvesicles and exosomes), are released by almost all cell types and can be found in a variety of body fluids including blood, sputum and urine. EVs are key mediators in cell-cell communication and can be used by using their bioactive substances (DNA, RNA, miRNA, proteins and other metabolites) to enable cells in adjacent and distant tissues to perform a wide variety of functions, which in turn affect the physiological and pathological functions of the body. Thus, EVs is expected to play an important role in the pathogenesis of COPD, which in turn affects its acute exacerbations and may serve as a diagnostic marker for it. Furthermore, recent therapeutic approaches and advances have introduced EVs into the treatment of COPD, such as the modification of EVs into novel drug delivery vehicles. Here, we discuss the role of EVs from cells of different origins in the pathogenesis of COPD and explore their possible use as biomarkers in diagnosis, and finally describe their role in therapy and future prospects for their application. Graphical Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiankang Wu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Yiming Ma
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.
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4
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Badi YE, Salcman B, Taylor A, Rana B, Kermani NZ, Riley JH, Worsley S, Mumby S, Dahlen SE, Cousins D, Bulfone-Paus S, Affleck K, Chung KF, Bates S, Adcock IM. IL1RAP expression and the enrichment of IL-33 activation signatures in severe neutrophilic asthma. Allergy 2023; 78:156-167. [PMID: 35986608 PMCID: PMC10086999 DOI: 10.1111/all.15487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interleukin (IL)-33 is an upstream regulator of type 2 (T2) eosinophilic inflammation and has been proposed as a key driver of some asthma phenotypes. OBJECTIVE To derive gene signatures from in vitro studies of IL-33-stimulated cells and use these to determine IL-33-associated enrichment patterns in asthma. METHODS Signatures downstream of IL-33 stimulation were derived from our in vitro study of human mast cells and from public datasets of in vitro stimulated human basophils, type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2), regulatory T cells (Treg) and endothelial cells. Gene Set Variation Analysis (GSVA) was used to probe U-BIOPRED and ADEPT sputum transcriptomics to determine enrichment scores (ES) for each signature according to asthma severity, sputum granulocyte status and previously defined molecular phenotypes. RESULTS IL-33-activated gene signatures were cell-specific with little gene overlap. Individual signatures, however, were associated with similar signalling pathways (TNF, NF-κB, IL-17 and JAK/STAT signalling) and immune cell differentiation pathways (Th17, Th1 and Th2 differentiation). ES for IL-33-activated gene signatures were significantly enriched in asthmatic sputum, particularly in patients with neutrophilic and mixed granulocytic phenotypes. IL-33 mRNA expression was not elevated in asthma whereas the expression of mRNA for IL1RL1, the IL-33 receptor, was up-regulated in the sputum of severe eosinophilic asthma. The mRNA expression for IL1RAP, the IL1RL1 co-receptor, was greatest in severe neutrophilic and mixed granulocytic asthma. CONCLUSIONS IL-33-activated gene signatures are elevated in neutrophilic and mixed granulocytic asthma corresponding with IL1RAP co-receptor expression. This suggests incorporating T2-low asthma in anti-IL-33 trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusef Eamon Badi
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK.,Data Science Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK.,BenevolentAI, London, UK
| | - Barbora Salcman
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Adam Taylor
- GSK Respiratory Therapeutic Area Unit, Stevenage, UK
| | | | | | - John H Riley
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Sally Worsley
- GSK Value Evidence and Outcomes, GSK House, Brentford, UK
| | - Sharon Mumby
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Sven-Eric Dahlen
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - David Cousins
- Department of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | | | | | - Kian Fan Chung
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Stewart Bates
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Ian M Adcock
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
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5
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Burke H, Cellura D, Freeman A, Hicks A, Ostridge K, Watson A, Williams NP, Spalluto CM, Staples KJ, Wilkinson TMA. Pulmonary EV miRNA profiles identify disease and distinct inflammatory endotypes in COPD. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:1039702. [PMID: 36590967 PMCID: PMC9797812 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.1039702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a heterogeneous condition without effective disease modifying therapies. Identification of novel inflammatory endotype markers such as extracellular vesicles (EVs), which are important intercellular messengers carrying microRNA (miRNA), may enable earlier diagnosis and disease stratification for a targeted treatment approach. Our aim was to identify differentially expressed EV miRNA in the lungs of COPD patients compared with healthy ex-smokers and determine whether they can help define inflammatory COPD endotypes. Methods EV miRNA were isolated and sequenced from ex-smoking COPD patients and healthy ex-smoker bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Results were validated with RT-qPCR and compared to differential inflammatory cell counts. Results Expression analysis identified five upregulated miRNA in COPD (miR-223-3p, miR-2110, miR-182-5p, miR-200b-5p and miR-625-3p) and three downregulated miRNA (miR-138-5p, miR-338-3p and miR-204-5p), all with a log2 fold change of >1/-1, FDR < 0.05. These miRNAs correlated with disease defining characteristics such as FEF 25-75% (a small airways disease measure) and DLCO% (a surrogate measure of emphysema). Receiver operator curve analysis demonstrated miR-2110, miR-223-3p, and miR-182-5p showed excellent combinatory predictive ability (AUC 0.91, p < 0.0001) in differentiating between health and mild COPD. Furthermore, miR-223-3p and miR-338-3p correlated with airway eosinophilia and were able to distinguish "pure eosinophilic" COPD from other airway inflammatory subtypes (AUC 0.94 and 0.85, respectively). Discussion This is the first study to identify differentially expressed miRNA in COPD bronchoalveolar lavage fluid EVs. These findings suggest specific lung derived EV miRNA are a strong predictor of disease presence even in mild COPD. Furthermore, specific miRNA correlated with inflammatory cell numbers in COPD, and may have a role in defining inflammatory endotypes for future treatment stratification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Burke
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Doriana Cellura
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Anna Freeman
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Alex Hicks
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Kris Ostridge
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
- Translational Science and Experimental Medicine, Research and Early Development, Respiratory and Immunology, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Alastair Watson
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas P. Williams
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - C. Mirella Spalluto
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Karl J. Staples
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Tom M. A. Wilkinson
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
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6
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Soccio P, Moriondo G, Lacedonia D, Tondo P, Quarato CMI, Foschino Barbaro MP, Scioscia G. EVs-miRNA: The New Molecular Markers for Chronic Respiratory Diseases. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:life12101544. [PMID: 36294979 PMCID: PMC9605003 DOI: 10.3390/life12101544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma and sleep disorders are chronic respiratory diseases that affect the airways, compromising lung function over time. These diseases affect hundreds of millions of people around the world and their frequency seems to be increasing every year. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small-sized vesicles released by every cell in the body. They are present in most body fluids and contain various biomolecules including proteins, lipids, mRNA and non-coding RNA (micro-RNA). The EVs can release their cargo, specifically micro-RNAs (miRNAs), to both neighboring and/or distal cells, playing a fundamental role in cell-cell communication. Recent studies have shown their possible role in the pathogenesis of various chronic respiratory diseases. The expression of miRNAs and, in particular, of miRNAs contained within the extracellular vesicles seems to be a good starting point in order to identify new potential biomarkers of disease, allowing a non-invasive clinical diagnosis. In this review we summarize some studies, present in the literature, about the functions of extracellular vesicles and miRNAs contained in extracellular vesicles in chronic respiratory diseases and we discuss the potential clinical applications of EVs and EVs-miRNAs for their possible use such as future biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piera Soccio
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Giorgia Moriondo
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Donato Lacedonia
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Policlinico Riuniti of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Pasquale Tondo
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Carla Maria Irene Quarato
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Policlinico Riuniti of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Maria Pia Foschino Barbaro
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Policlinico Riuniti of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Giulia Scioscia
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Policlinico Riuniti of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
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7
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Neri T, Celi A, Tinè M, Bernardinello N, Cosio MG, Saetta M, Nieri D, Bazzan E. The Emerging Role of Extracellular Vesicles Detected in Different Biological Fluids in COPD. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23095136. [PMID: 35563528 PMCID: PMC9101666 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23095136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by complex cellular and molecular mechanisms, not fully elucidated so far. It involves inflammatory cells (monocytes/macrophages, neutrophils, lymphocytes), cytokines, chemokines and, probably, new players yet to be clearly identified and described. Chronic local and systemic inflammation, lung aging and cellular senescence are key pathological events in COPD development and progression over time. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), released by virtually all cells both as microvesicles and exosomes into different biological fluids, are involved in intercellular communication and, therefore, represent intriguing players in pathobiological mechanisms (including those characterizing aging and chronic diseases); moreover, the role of EVs as biomarkers in different diseases, including COPD, is rapidly gaining recognition. In this review, after recalling the essential steps of COPD pathogenesis, we summarize the current evidence on the roles of EVs collected in different biological mediums as biomarkers in COPD and as potential players in the specific mechanisms leading to disease development. We will also briefly review the data on EV as potential therapeutic targets and potential therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommaso Neri
- Centro Dipartimentale di Biologia Cellulare Cardiorespiratoria, Dipartimento di Patologia Chirurgica, Medica, Molecolare e dell’Area Critica, Università degli Studi di Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (T.N.); (A.C.); (D.N.)
| | - Alessandro Celi
- Centro Dipartimentale di Biologia Cellulare Cardiorespiratoria, Dipartimento di Patologia Chirurgica, Medica, Molecolare e dell’Area Critica, Università degli Studi di Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (T.N.); (A.C.); (D.N.)
| | - Mariaenrica Tinè
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy; (M.T.); (N.B.); (M.G.C.); (M.S.)
| | - Nicol Bernardinello
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy; (M.T.); (N.B.); (M.G.C.); (M.S.)
| | - Manuel G. Cosio
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy; (M.T.); (N.B.); (M.G.C.); (M.S.)
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Respiratory Division, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada
| | - Marina Saetta
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy; (M.T.); (N.B.); (M.G.C.); (M.S.)
| | - Dario Nieri
- Centro Dipartimentale di Biologia Cellulare Cardiorespiratoria, Dipartimento di Patologia Chirurgica, Medica, Molecolare e dell’Area Critica, Università degli Studi di Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (T.N.); (A.C.); (D.N.)
| | - Erica Bazzan
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy; (M.T.); (N.B.); (M.G.C.); (M.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-049-821-3449
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8
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Gomez N, James V, Onion D, Fairclough LC. Extracellular vesicles and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): a systematic review. Respir Res 2022; 23:82. [PMID: 35382831 PMCID: PMC8985325 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-022-01984-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a common inflammatory disease of the airways characterized by irreversible airflow limitation, ranking the third highest cause of death worldwide. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are important intercellular communication mediators released by cells into their extracellular environment with the capacity to transfer biological signals. EVs involved in COPD hold great potential to understand disease pathogenesis and identify important biomarkers. This systematic review aims to examine all available research on EVs in the pathogenesis and diagnosis of COPD to identify existing knowledge and support further research within the field. Methods Publications were searched using PubMed and EMBASE with the search terms (Exosomes or extracellular vesicles or microvesicles or microparticles or ectosomes) AND (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or COPD or emphysema or bronchitis). Results Initial search yielded 512 papers of which 142 were manually selected for review and 43 were eligible for analyses. The studies were divided into groups according to the role of EVs in pathogenesis, EV origin and cargo, their role in COPD exacerbations and their diagnostic utility. EVs were found to be involved in the mechanism of pathogenesis of COPD, derived from various cell types, as well as containing modified levels of miRNAs. EVs also varied according to the pathophysiological status of disease, therefore presenting a possible method for COPD diagnosis and progress monitoring. Conclusion The current findings show the limited but good quality research looking at the role of EVs in COPD, demonstrating the need for more studies to better define and provide further insight into the functional characteristics of EV in COPD pathogenesis. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12931-022-01984-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Gomez
- School of Life Sciences, The University of Nottingham, Life Sciences Building, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Victoria James
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - David Onion
- School of Life Sciences, The University of Nottingham, Life Sciences Building, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Lucy C Fairclough
- School of Life Sciences, The University of Nottingham, Life Sciences Building, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK.
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9
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Kaur G, Maremanda KP, Campos M, Chand HS, Li F, Hirani N, Haseeb MA, Li D, Rahman I. Distinct Exosomal miRNA Profiles from BALF and Lung Tissue of COPD and IPF Patients. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111830. [PMID: 34769265 PMCID: PMC8584050 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) are chronic, progressive lung ailments that are characterized by distinct pathologies. Early detection biomarkers and disease mechanisms for these debilitating diseases are lacking. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes, are small, lipid-bound vesicles attributed to carry proteins, lipids, and RNA molecules to facilitate cell-to-cell communication under normal and diseased conditions. Exosomal miRNAs have been studied in relation to many diseases. However, there is little to no knowledge regarding the miRNA population of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) or the lung-tissue-derived exosomes in COPD and IPF. Here, we determined and compared the miRNA profiles of BALF- and lung-tissue-derived exosomes of healthy non-smokers, smokers, and patients with COPD or IPF in independent cohorts. Results: Exosome characterization using NanoSight particle tracking and TEM demonstrated that the BALF-derived exosomes were ~89.85 nm in size with a yield of ~2.95 × 1010 particles/mL in concentration. Lung-derived exosomes were larger in size (~146.04 nm) with a higher yield of ~2.38 × 1011 particles/mL. NGS results identified three differentially expressed miRNAs in the BALF, while there was one in the lung-derived exosomes from COPD patients as compared to healthy non-smokers. Of these, miR-122-5p was three- or five-fold downregulated among the lung-tissue-derived exosomes of COPD patients as compared to healthy non-smokers and smokers, respectively. Interestingly, there were a large number (55) of differentially expressed miRNAs in the lung-tissue-derived exosomes of IPF patients compared to non-smoking controls. Conclusions: Overall, we identified lung-specific miRNAs associated with chronic lung diseases that can serve as potential biomarkers or therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gagandeep Kaur
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA; (G.K.); or (K.P.M.)
| | - Krishna Prahlad Maremanda
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA; (G.K.); or (K.P.M.)
| | - Michael Campos
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA;
| | - Hitendra S. Chand
- Department of Immunology and Nanomedicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA;
| | - Feng Li
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK; (F.L.); (N.H.)
| | - Nikhil Hirani
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK; (F.L.); (N.H.)
| | - M. A. Haseeb
- Department of Cell Biology, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA;
| | - Dongmei Li
- Clinical and Translational Science Institute (CTSI), Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA;
| | - Irfan Rahman
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA; (G.K.); or (K.P.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-585-275-6911
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10
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Takahashi T, Schleimer RP. Epithelial-Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Pathophysiology of Epithelial Injury and Repair in Chronic Rhinosinusitis: Connecting Immunology in Research Lab to Biomarkers in Clinics. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:11709. [PMID: 34769139 PMCID: PMC8583779 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial barrier disruption and failure of epithelial repair by aberrant epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-induced basal cells observed in nasal mucosa of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) are speculated to play important roles in disease pathophysiology. Microparticles (MPs) are a type of extracellular vesicle (EV) released by budding or shedding from the plasma membrane of activated or apoptotic cells. MPs are detected in nasal lavage fluids (NLFs) and are now receiving attention as potential biomarkers to evaluate the degree of activation of immune cells and injury of structural cells in nasal mucosa of subjects with sinus disease. There are three types of epithelial-cell-derived MPs, which are defined by the expression of different epithelial specific markers on their surface: EpCAM, E-cadherin, and integrin β6 (ITGB6). When these markers are on MPs that are also carrying canonical EMT/mesenchymal markers (Snail (SNAI1); Slug (SNAI2); alpha-smooth muscle actin (αSMA, ACTA2)) or pro- and anti-coagulant molecules (tissue factor (TF); tissue plasminogen activator (tPA); plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1)), they provide insight as to the roles of epithelial activation for EMT or regulation of coagulation in the underlying disease. In this review, we discuss the potential of epithelial MPs as research tools to evaluate status of nasal mucosae of CRS patients in the lab, as well as biomarkers for management and treatment of CRS in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toru Takahashi
- Division of Allergy-Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA;
| | - Robert P Schleimer
- Division of Allergy-Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA;
- Department of Otolaryngology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
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11
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Extracellular Vesicles in Airway Homeostasis and Pathophysiology. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11219933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The epithelial–mesenchymal trophic unit (EMTU) is a morphofunctional entity involved in the maintenance of the homeostasis of airways as well as in the pathogenesis of several diseases, including asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The “muco-microbiotic layer” (MML) is the innermost layer of airways made by microbiota elements (bacteria, viruses, archaea and fungi) and the surrounding mucous matrix. The MML homeostasis is also crucial for maintaining the healthy status of organs and its alteration is at the basis of airway disorders. Nanovesicles produced by EMTU and MML elements are probably the most important tool of communication among the different cell types, including inflammatory ones. How nanovesicles produced by EMTU and MML may affect the airway integrity, leading to the onset of asthma and COPD, as well as their putative use in therapy will be discussed here.
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12
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Lacedonia D, Scioscia G, Soccio P, Conese M, Catucci L, Palladino GP, Simone F, Quarato CMI, Di Gioia S, Rana R, Sollitto F, Foschino-Barbaro MP. Downregulation of exosomal let-7d and miR-16 in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. BMC Pulm Med 2021; 21:188. [PMID: 34088304 PMCID: PMC8176704 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-021-01550-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF) is a degenerative interstitial lung disease with both a poor prognosis and quality of life once the diagnosis is made. In the last decade many features of the disease have been investigated to better understand the pathological steps that lead to the onset of the disease and, moreover, different types of biomarkers have been tested to find valid diagnostic, prognostic and therapy response predictive ones. In the complexity of IPF, microRNA (miRNAs) biomarker investigation seems to be promising. Methods We analysed the expression of five exosomal miRNAs supposed to have a role in the pathogenesis of the disease from serum of a group of IPF patients (n = 61) and we compared it with the expression of the same miRNAs in a group of healthy controls (n = 15). Results In the current study what emerged is let-7d down-regulation and, unexpectedly, miR-16 significant down-regulation. Moreover, through a cross-sectional analysis, a clustering of the expression of miR-16, miR-21 and miR-26a was found. Conclusions These findings could help the individuation of previously unknown key players in the pathophysiology of IPF and, most interestingly, more specific targets for the development of effective medications. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12890-021-01550-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donato Lacedonia
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122, Foggia, Italy. .,Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Policlinico Riuniti of Foggia, 71122, Foggia, Italy.
| | - Giulia Scioscia
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122, Foggia, Italy.,Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Policlinico Riuniti of Foggia, 71122, Foggia, Italy
| | - Piera Soccio
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122, Foggia, Italy.,Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Policlinico Riuniti of Foggia, 71122, Foggia, Italy
| | - Massimo Conese
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122, Foggia, Italy
| | - Lucia Catucci
- Department of Chemistry, University "Aldo Moro" of Bari, 70126, Bari, Italy
| | - Grazia P Palladino
- Medical Genetics, Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, Policlinico Riuniti of Foggia, 71122, Foggia, Italy
| | - Filomena Simone
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122, Foggia, Italy
| | - Carla M I Quarato
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122, Foggia, Italy
| | - Sante Di Gioia
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122, Foggia, Italy
| | - Roberto Rana
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122, Foggia, Italy
| | - Francesco Sollitto
- Institute of Thoracic Surgery, University of Foggia, 71122, Foggia, Italy
| | - Maria P Foschino-Barbaro
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122, Foggia, Italy.,Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Policlinico Riuniti of Foggia, 71122, Foggia, Italy
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13
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Abstract
ABSTRACT Acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) are caused by an exaggerated inflammatory response arising from a wide variety of pulmonary and systemic insults. Lung tissue is composed of a variety of cell populations, including parenchymal and immune cells. Emerging evidence has revealed that multiple cell populations in the lung work in concert to regulate lung inflammation in response to both direct and indirect stimulations. To date, the question of how different types of pulmonary cells communicate with each other and subsequently regulate or modulate inflammatory cascades remains to be fully addressed. In this review, we provide an overview of current advancements in understanding the role of cell-cell interaction in the development of ALI and depict molecular mechanisms by which cell-cell interactions regulate lung inflammation, focusing on inter-cellular activities and signaling pathways that point to possible therapeutic opportunities for ALI/ARDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiting Zhou
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Institute of Pediatric Research, Children’s Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Erica K. Fan
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Jie Fan
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Research and Development, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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14
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Wang N, Wang Q, Du T, Gabriel ANA, Wang X, Sun L, Li X, Xu K, Jiang X, Zhang Y. The Potential Roles of Exosomes in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 7:618506. [PMID: 33521025 PMCID: PMC7841048 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.618506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is one of the most common chronic lung diseases. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is characterized by progressive loss of lung function due to chronic inflammatory responses in the lungs caused by repeated exposure to harmful environmental stimuli. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is a persistent disease, with an estimated 384 million people worldwide living with COPD. It is listed as the third leading cause of death. Exosomes contain various components, such as lipids, microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs(lncRNAs), and proteins. They are essential mediators of intercellular communication and can regulate the biological properties of target cells. With the deepening of exosome research, it is found that exosomes are strictly related to the occurrence and development of COPD. Therefore, this review aims to highlight the unique role of immune-cell-derived exosomes in disease through complex interactions and their potentials as potential biomarkers new types of COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Wang
- School of Public Health, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, China
| | - Qin Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Tiantian Du
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Cheeloo College of Medicine, The Second Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | | | - Xue Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, China
| | - Li Sun
- School of Public Health, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, China
| | - Xiaomeng Li
- School of Public Health, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, China
| | - Kanghong Xu
- School of Public Health, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, China
| | - Xinquan Jiang
- School of Public Health, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine Department, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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15
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Pastor L, Vera E, Marin JM, Sanz-Rubio D. Extracellular Vesicles from Airway Secretions: New Insights in Lung Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020583. [PMID: 33430153 PMCID: PMC7827453 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung diseases (LD) are one of the most common causes of death worldwide. Although it is known that chronic airway inflammation and excessive tissue repair are processes associated with LD such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), their specific pathways remain unclear. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are heterogeneous nanoscale membrane vesicles with an important role in cell-to-cell communication. EVs are present in general biofluids as plasma or urine but also in secretions of the airway as bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), induced sputum (IS), nasal lavage (NL) or pharyngeal lavage. Alterations of airway EV cargo could be crucial for understanding LD. Airway EVs have shown a role in the pathogenesis of some LD such as eosinophil increase in asthma, the promotion of lung cancer in vitro models in COPD and as biomarkers to distinguishing IPF in patients with diffuse lung diseases. In addition, they also have a promising future as therapeutics for LD. In this review, we focus on the importance of airway secretions in LD, the pivotal role of EVs from those secretions on their pathophysiology and their potential for biomarker discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Pastor
- Translational Research Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IISAragón), Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (L.P.); (E.V.); (J.M.M.)
| | - Elisabeth Vera
- Translational Research Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IISAragón), Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (L.P.); (E.V.); (J.M.M.)
- Respiratory Service, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Jose M. Marin
- Translational Research Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IISAragón), Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (L.P.); (E.V.); (J.M.M.)
- Respiratory Service, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERes), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - David Sanz-Rubio
- Translational Research Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IISAragón), Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (L.P.); (E.V.); (J.M.M.)
- Correspondence:
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16
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Biadglegne F, König B, Rodloff AC, Dorhoi A, Sack U. Composition and Clinical Significance of Exosomes in Tuberculosis: A Systematic Literature Review. J Clin Med 2021; 10:E145. [PMID: 33406750 PMCID: PMC7795701 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10010145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major health issue worldwide. In order to contain TB infections, improved vaccines as well as accurate and reliable diagnostic tools are desirable. Exosomes are employed for the diagnosis of various diseases. At present, research on exosomes in TB is still at the preliminary stage. Recent studies have described isolation and characterization of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) derived exosomes in vivo and in vitro. Mtb-derived exosomes (Mtbexo) may be critical for TB pathogenesis by delivering mycobacterial-derived components to the recipient cells. Proteomic and transcriptomic analysis of Mtbexo have revealed a variety of proteins and miRNA, which are utilized by the TB bacteria for pathogenesis. Exosomes has been isolated in body fluids, are amenable for fast detection, and could contribute as diagnostic or prognostic biomarker to disease control. Extraction of exosomes from biological fluids is essential for the exosome research and requires careful standardization for TB. In this review, we summarized the different studies on Mtbexo molecules, including protein and miRNA and the method used to detect exosomes in biological fluids and cell culture supernatants. Thus, the detection of Mtbexo molecules in biological fluids may have a potential to expedite the diagnosis of TB infection. Moreover, the analysis of Mtbexo may generate new aspects in vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fantahun Biadglegne
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, 79 Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (B.K.); (A.C.R.)
- Institute of Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany;
| | - Brigitte König
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (B.K.); (A.C.R.)
| | - Arne C. Rodloff
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (B.K.); (A.C.R.)
| | - Anca Dorhoi
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany;
| | - Ulrich Sack
- Institute of Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany;
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17
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Extracellular Vesicles miRNA Cargo for Microglia Polarization in Traumatic Brain Injury. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10060901. [PMID: 32545705 PMCID: PMC7356143 DOI: 10.3390/biom10060901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the major causes of death and disability worldwide, and despite its high dissemination, effective pharmacotherapies are lacking. TBI can be divided into two phases: the instantaneous primary mechanical injury, which occurs at the moment of insult, and the delayed secondary injury, which involves a cascade of biological processes that lead to neuroinflammation. Neuroinflammation is a hallmark of both acute and chronic TBI, and it is considered to be one of the major determinants of the outcome and progression of disease. In TBI one of the emerging mechanisms for cell–cell communication involved in the immune response regulation is represented by Extracellular Vesicles (EVs). These latter are produced by all cell types and are considered a fingerprint of their generating cells. Exosomes are the most studied nanosized vesicles and can carry a variety of molecular constituents of their cell of origin, including microRNAs (miRNAs). Several miRNAs have been shown to target key neuropathophysiological pathways involved in TBI. The focus of this review is to analyze exosomes and their miRNA cargo to modulate TBI neuroinflammation providing new strategies for prevent long-term progression of disease.
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18
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The Emerging Role of Curcumin in the Modulation of TLR-4 Signaling Pathway: Focus on Neuroprotective and Anti-Rheumatic Properties. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21072299. [PMID: 32225104 PMCID: PMC7177421 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21072299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural products have been used in medicine for thousands of years. Given their potential health benefits, they have gained significant popularity in recent times. The administration of phytochemicals existed shown to regulate differential gene expression and modulate various cellular pathways implicated in cell protection. Curcumin is a natural dietary polyphenol extracted from Curcuma Longa Linn with different biological and pharmacological effects. One of the important targets of curcumin is Toll-like receptor-4 (TLR-4), the receptor which plays a key role in the modulation of the immune responses and the stimulation of inflammatory chemokines and cytokines production. Different studies have demonstrated that curcumin attenuates inflammatory response via TLR-4 acting directly on receptor, or by its downstream pathway. Curcumin bioavailability is low, so the use of exosomes, as nano drug delivery, could improve the efficacy of curcumin in inflammatory diseases. The focus of this review is to explore the therapeutic effect of curcumin interacting with TLR-4 receptor and how this modulation could improve the prognosis of neuroinflammatory and rheumatic diseases.
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19
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O'Farrell HE, Yang IA. Extracellular vesicles in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). J Thorac Dis 2019; 11:S2141-S2154. [PMID: 31737342 DOI: 10.21037/jtd.2019.10.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a heterogeneous disease characterised by chronic inflammation and significant airflow obstruction that is not fully reversible, and is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) (including apoptotic bodies, microvesicles and exosomes) are small membrane-bound vesicles released by nearly all cell types and can be found in various bodily fluids including blood, sputum and urine. EVs are key mediators in cell-cell communication due to their ability to exchange information to recipient cells, influencing physiological and pathological conditions using their bioactive cargo (DNA, RNA, miRNA, proteins and other metabolites). Therefore the main aim of this review is to highlight recent evidence of the potential use of EVs as diagnostic and therapeutic biomarkers for COPD managements, as well as EVs potential role in COPD pathogenesis. As EVs have been under intense investigation as diagnostic and therapeutic biomarkers for lung disease, in relation to COPD, key studies have identified EVs as potential biomarkers to distinguish exacerbations from stable state, and to characterise COPD phenotypes. EVs are also linked to key inflammatory mediators in COPD progression. In addition, bacteria and their EV cargo influence the lung microenvironment. Further recent therapeutic approaches and advances have seen EVs bioengineered as novel drug delivery vehicles, which could potentially have clinical utility for lung diseases such as COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah E O'Farrell
- UQ Thoracic Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Ian A Yang
- UQ Thoracic Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.,Thoracic Program, The Prince Charles Hospital, Metro North Hospital and Health Service, Brisbane, Australia
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20
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Tiotropium inhibits proinflammatory microparticle generation by human bronchial and endothelial cells. Sci Rep 2019; 9:11631. [PMID: 31406171 PMCID: PMC6691117 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-48129-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Tiotropium is a muscarinic antagonist that reduces the risk of acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, possibly through an as yet incompletely characterized anti-inflammatory activity. We hypothesized that muscarinic activation of bronchial epithelial cells and endothelial cells causes the release of proinflammatory microparticles and that tiotropium inhibits the phenomenon. Microparticle generation was assessed by a functional assay, by flow cytometry and by NanoSight technology. Immortalized bronchial epithelial cells (16HBE) and umbilical vein endothelial cells were treated with acetylcholine in the presence of varying concentrations of tiotropium. Intracellular calcium concentration, extracellular regulated kinase phosphorylation and chemokine content in the conditioned media were assessed by commercial kits. Acetylcholine causes microparticle generation that is completely inhibited by tiotropium (50 pM). Microparticles generated by acetylcholine-stimulated cells increase the synthesis of proinflammatory mediators in an autocrine fashion. Acetylcholine-induced upregulation of microparticle generation is inhibited by an inhibitor of extracellular regulated kinase phosphorylation and by a phospholipase C inhibitor. Tiotropium blocks both extracellular regulated kinase phosphorylation and calcium mobilization, consistent with the hypothesis that the drug prevents microparticle generation through inhibition of these critical pathways. These results might contribute to explain the effect of tiotropium in reducing acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
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21
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Kim TH, Hong SB, Lim CM, Koh Y, Jang EY, Huh JW. The Role of Exosomes in Bronchoalveloar Lavage from Patients with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8081148. [PMID: 31374972 PMCID: PMC6722638 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8081148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a life-threatening condition caused by pulmonary and extrapulmonary insults. Exosomes are considered a major cell-to-cell communicator and immune modulator. However, their role in ARDS remains unclear. In this study, we investigated whether exosomes could be a potential biomarker of ARDS. Methods: We isolated exosomes from bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) of patients with ARDS. The correlation between the level of exosomes with clinical data, including etiology, oxygenation, and 28-day mortality was analyzed. Enzyme-linked immune sorbent assays and western blotting were carried out to characterize BAL exosomes. Immune modulating response of exosomes was investigated by in vitro examination. Results: From 158 patients, we isolated mean 1568.9 µg/mL BAL exosomes, which presented a negative correlation with the PaO2/FiO2 ratio. The level of exosomes did not correlate with 28-day mortality but was elevated in the infectious etiology of ARDS. The exosomes have cargo proteins associated with apoptosis, necroptosis, and autophagy. An in vitro stimulation study revealed that BAL exosomes could induce the production of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, but those from patients with ARDS suppressed the production of vascular endothelial growth factor. Conclusions: In ARDS, exosomes are released in alveolar space, and the level is correlated with the etiology of ARDS. BAL exosomes could play an immune-modulating role by controlling the production of cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Hoon Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine and Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Changwon 51472, Korea
| | - Sang-Bum Hong
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea
| | - Chae-Mann Lim
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea
| | - Younsuck Koh
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea
| | - Eun-Young Jang
- Biomedical Research Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Seoul 05505, Korea
| | - Jin Won Huh
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea.
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22
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Jaiswal R, Sedger LM. Intercellular Vesicular Transfer by Exosomes, Microparticles and Oncosomes - Implications for Cancer Biology and Treatments. Front Oncol 2019; 9:125. [PMID: 30895170 PMCID: PMC6414436 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Intercellular communication is a normal feature of most physiological interactions between cells in healthy organisms. While cells communicate directly through intimate physiology contact, other mechanisms of communication exist, such as through the influence of soluble mediators such as growth factors, cytokines and chemokines. There is, however, yet another mechanism of intercellular communication that permits the exchange of information between cells through extracellular vesicles (EVs). EVs are microscopic (50 nm−10 μM) phospholipid bilayer enclosed entities produced by virtually all eukaryotic cells. EVs are abundant in the intracellular space and are present at a cells' normal microenvironment. Irrespective of the EV “donor” cell type, or the mechanism of EV biogenesis and production, or the size and EV composition, cancer cells have the potential to utilize EVs in a manner that enhances their survival. For example, cancer cell EV overproduction confers benefits to tumor growth, and tumor metastasis, compared with neighboring healthy cells. Herein, we summarize the current status of knowledge on different populations of EVs. We review the situations that regulate EV release, and the factors that instruct differential packaging or sorting of EV content. We then highlight the functions of cancer-cell derived EVs as they impact on cancer outcomes, promoting tumor progression, metastases, and the mechanisms by which they facilitate the creation of a pre-metastatic niche. The review finishes by focusing on the beneficial (and challenging) features of tumor-derived EVs that can be adapted and utilized for cancer treatments, including those already being investigated in human clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritu Jaiswal
- Faculty of Science, School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Lisa M Sedger
- Faculty of Science, School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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23
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Tőkés-Füzesi M, Ruzsics I, Rideg O, Kustán P, Kovács GL, Molnár T. Role of microparticles derived from monocytes, endothelial cells and platelets in the exacerbation of COPD. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2018; 13:3749-3757. [PMID: 30532530 PMCID: PMC6241682 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s175607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Microparticles (MPs) are shedding membrane vesicles released from activated blood and endothelial cells under inflammatory conditions. The role of endothelial MPs (EMPs) in pathophysiology of COPD is relatively well known. However, the release and function of MPs of other cellular origins, eg, platelets, red blood cells and leukocytes, are not clearly evaluated in COPD. Purpose The aim of this study was to measure EMPs and other cell-derived circulating MPs in stable and exacerbated COPD patients. Patients and methods A total of 50 patients with COPD and 19 healthy volunteers were enrolled in the study. EMPs (CD31+, CD62E+) and platelet-derived (CD61+, CD41+, CD42a+, PAC1+), red blood cell-derived (GlyA+) and leukocyte-derived (CD45+, CD13+, CD14+, CD56+) MPs were measured. Flow cytometry (FC) was performed on Beckman Coulter FC500 analyzer. MP reference gate was set using 0.3–0.5–0.9 µm microbeads with MP size gates of 0.5–1.0 µm. Results All the measured MPs were significantly (P<0.001) higher in COPD patients than in the controls. Furthermore, CD62E+, CD41+, CD42a+ and CD14+ MP values were significantly (P<0.001) increased in exacerbated COPD compared to stable COPD. These MPs showed significant (P<0.001) inverse correlation with FEV1/FVC, as well. Conclusion In this study, we describe a reliable flow cytometric assay for MP analysis that was successfully applied in COPD. Besides EMPs, COPD is accompanied by an increased concentration of various MPs in the systemic circulation; particularly, platelet- and monocyte-derived MPs seem to be important in exacerbation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margit Tőkés-Füzesi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Pécs, Medical School, Pécs, Hungary
| | - István Ruzsics
- 1st Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonology, University of Pécs, Medical School, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Orsolya Rideg
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Péter Kustán
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Pécs, Medical School, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Gábor L Kovács
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Pécs, Medical School, Pécs, Hungary.,Szentágothai Research Centre, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Tihamér Molnár
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Therapy, University of Pécs, Medical School, Pécs, Hungary,
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24
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Letsiou E, Bauer N. Endothelial Extracellular Vesicles in Pulmonary Function and Disease. CURRENT TOPICS IN MEMBRANES 2018; 82:197-256. [PMID: 30360780 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctm.2018.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The pulmonary vascular endothelium is involved in the pathogenesis of acute and chronic lung diseases. Endothelial cell (EC)-derived products such as extracellular vesicles (EVs) serve as EC messengers that mediate inflammatory as well as cytoprotective effects. EC-EVs are a broad term, which encompasses exosomes and microvesicles of endothelial origin. EVs are comprised of lipids, nucleic acids, and proteins that reflect not only the cellular origin but also the stimulus that triggered their biogenesis and secretion. This chapter presents an overview of the biology of EC-EVs and summarizes key findings regarding their characteristics, components, and functions. The role of EC-EVs is specifically delineated in pulmonary diseases characterized by endothelial dysfunction, including pulmonary hypertension, acute respiratory distress syndrome and associated conditions, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and obstructive sleep apnea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleftheria Letsiou
- Division of Pulmonary Inflammation, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Natalie Bauer
- Department of Pharmacology & Center for Lung Biology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, United States.
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Lee H, Abston E, Zhang D, Rai A, Jin Y. Extracellular Vesicle: An Emerging Mediator of Intercellular Crosstalk in Lung Inflammation and Injury. Front Immunol 2018; 9:924. [PMID: 29780385 PMCID: PMC5946167 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory lung responses are one of the characterized features in the pathogenesis of many lung diseases, including acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Alveolar macrophages (AMs) and alveolar epithelial cells are the first line of host defense and innate immunity. Due to their central roles in both the initiation and resolution of inflammatory lung responses, AMs constantly communicate with other lung cells, including the alveolar epithelial cells. In the past, emerging evidence suggests that extracellular vesicles play an essential role in cell–cell crosstalk. In this review, we will discuss the recent findings on the intercellular communications between lung epithelial cells and alveolar macrophages, via EV-mediated signal transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heedoo Lee
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University Medical Campus, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Eric Abston
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University Medical Campus, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Duo Zhang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University Medical Campus, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Ashish Rai
- Department of Internal Medicine, North Shore Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Yang Jin
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University Medical Campus, Boston, MA, United States
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García-Lucio J, Peinado VI, de Jover L, del Pozo R, Blanco I, Bonjoch C, Coll-Bonfill N, Paul T, Tura-Ceide O, Barberà JA. Imbalance between endothelial damage and repair capacity in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0195724. [PMID: 29672621 PMCID: PMC5908268 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0195724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Circulating endothelial microparticles (EMPs) and progenitor cells (PCs) are biological markers of endothelial function and endogenous repair capacity. The study was aimed to investigate whether COPD patients have an imbalance between EMPs to PCs compared to controls and to evaluate the effect of cigarette smoke on these circulating markers. Methods Circulating EMPs and PCs were determined by flow cytometry in 27 nonsmokers, 20 smokers and 61 COPD patients with moderate to severe airflow obstruction. We compared total EMPs (CD31+CD42b-), apoptotic if they co-expressed Annexin-V+ or activated if they co-expressed CD62E+, circulating PCs (CD34+CD133+CD45+) and the EMPs/PCs ratio between groups. Results COPD patients presented increased levels of total and apoptotic circulating EMPs, and an increased EMPs/PCs ratio, compared with nonsmokers. Women had less circulating PCs than men through all groups and those with COPD showed lower levels of PCs than both control groups. In smokers, circulating EMPs and PCs did not differ from nonsmokers, being the EMPs/PCs ratio in an intermediate position between COPD and nonsmokers. Conclusions We conclude that COPD patients present an imbalance between endothelial damage and repair capacity that might explain the frequent concurrence of cardiovascular disorders. Factors related to the disease itself and gender, rather than cigarette smoking, may account for this imbalance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jéssica García-Lucio
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Hospital Clínic-Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona; Barcelona, Spain
| | - Victor I. Peinado
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Hospital Clínic-Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona; Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES); Madrid, Spain
| | - Lluís de Jover
- Biostatistics Unit, Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona; Barcelona, Spain
| | - Roberto del Pozo
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Hospital Clínic-Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona; Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isabel Blanco
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Hospital Clínic-Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona; Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES); Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Bonjoch
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Hospital Clínic-Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona; Barcelona, Spain
| | - Núria Coll-Bonfill
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Hospital Clínic-Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona; Barcelona, Spain
| | - Tanja Paul
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Hospital Clínic-Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona; Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES); Madrid, Spain
| | - Olga Tura-Ceide
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Hospital Clínic-Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona; Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES); Madrid, Spain
| | - Joan Albert Barberà
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Hospital Clínic-Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona; Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES); Madrid, Spain
- * E-mail:
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Salimian J, Mirzaei H, Moridikia A, Harchegani AB, Sahebkar A, Salehi H. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: MicroRNAs and exosomes as new diagnostic and therapeutic biomarkers. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN MEDICAL SCIENCES : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF ISFAHAN UNIVERSITY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 2018; 23:27. [PMID: 29692824 PMCID: PMC5894277 DOI: 10.4103/jrms.jrms_1054_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2017] [Revised: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is known as a progressive lung disease and the fourth leading cause of death worldwide. Despite valuable efforts, there is still no accurate diagnostic and prognostic tool for COPD. Hence, it seems that finding new biomarkers could contribute to provide better therapeutic platforms for COPD patients. Among various biomarkers, microRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as new biomarkers for the prognosis and diagnosis of patients with COPD. It has been shown that deregulation of miRNAs targeting a variety of cellular and molecular pathways such as Notch, Wnt, hypoxia-inducible factor-1α, transforming growth factor, Kras, and Smad could be involved in COPD pathogenesis. Multiple lines of evidence have indicated that extracellular vesicles such as exosomes could carry a variety of cargos (i.e., mRNAs, miRNAs, and proteins) which transfer various cellular and molecular signals to recipient cells. Here, we summarized various miRNAs which could be applied as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in the treatment of patients with COPD. Moreover, we highlighted the role of extracellular vesicles containing miRNAs as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in COPD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jafar Salimian
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, System Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Mirzaei
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, System Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abdullah Moridikia
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, System Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Asghar Beigi Harchegani
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, System Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hossein Salehi
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Kadota T, Fujita Y, Yoshioka Y, Araya J, Kuwano K, Ochiya T. Extracellular Vesicles in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17111801. [PMID: 27801806 PMCID: PMC5133802 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17111801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2016] [Revised: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by the progression of irreversible airflow limitation and is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Although several crucial mechanisms of COPD pathogenesis have been studied, the precise mechanism remains unknown. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes, microvesicles, and apoptotic bodies, are released from almost all cell types and are recognized as novel cell–cell communication tools. They have been shown to carry and transfer a wide variety of molecules, such as microRNAs, messenger RNAs, and proteins, which are involved in physiological functions and the pathology of various diseases. Recently, EVs have attracted considerable attention in pulmonary research. In this review, we summarize the recent findings of EV-mediated COPD pathogenesis. We also discuss the potential clinical usefulness of EVs as biomarkers and therapeutic agents for the treatment of COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsukasa Kadota
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan.
- Division of Respiratory Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan.
| | - Yu Fujita
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan.
- Division of Respiratory Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan.
| | - Yusuke Yoshioka
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan.
| | - Jun Araya
- Division of Respiratory Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan.
| | - Kazuyoshi Kuwano
- Division of Respiratory Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan.
| | - Takahiro Ochiya
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan.
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