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Ni Y, Wu X, Yao W, Zhang Y, Chen J, Ding X. Evidence of traditional Chinese medicine for treating type 2 diabetes mellitus: from molecular mechanisms to clinical efficacy. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2024; 62:592-606. [PMID: 39028269 PMCID: PMC11262228 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2024.2374794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
CONTEXT The global prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has increased significantly in recent decades. Despite numerous studies and systematic reviews, there is a gap in comprehensive and up-to-date evaluations in this rapidly evolving field. OBJECTIVE This review provides a comprehensive and current overview of the efficacy of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) in treating T2DM. METHODS A systematic review was conducted using PubMed, Web of Science, Wanfang Data, CNKI, and Medline databases, with a search timeframe extending up to November 2023. The search strategy involved a combination of subject terms and free words in English, including 'Diabetes,' 'Traditional Chinese Medicine,' 'TCM,' 'Hypoglycemic Effect,' 'Clinical Trial,' and 'Randomized Controlled Trial.' The studies were rigorously screened by two investigators, with a third investigator reviewing and approving the final selection based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. RESULTS A total of 108 relevant papers were systematically reviewed. The findings suggest that TCMs not only demonstrate clinical efficacy comparable to existing Western medications in managing hypoglycemia but also offer fewer adverse effects and a multitarget therapeutic approach. Five main biological mechanisms through which TCM treats diabetes were identified: improving glucose transport and utilization, improving glycogen metabolism, promoting GLP-1 release, protecting pancreatic islets from damage, and improving intestinal flora. CONCLUSIONS TCM has demonstrated significant protective effects against diabetes and presents a viable option for the prevention and treatment of T2DM. These findings support the further exploration and integration of TCM into broader diabetes management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yadong Ni
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xianglong Wu
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenhui Yao
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuna Zhang
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jie Chen
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xuansheng Ding
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
- Precision Medicine Laboratory, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
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Zhu X, Ding G, Ren S, Xi J, Liu K. The bioavailability, absorption, metabolism, and regulation of glucolipid metabolism disorders by quercetin and its important glycosides: A review. Food Chem 2024; 458:140262. [PMID: 38944925 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.140262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Quercetin and its glycosides (QG), vitally natural flavonoid, have been popular for health benefits. However, the absorption and metabolism affect their bioavailability, and the metabolic transformation alters their biological activities. This review systematically summarizes the bioavailability and pathways for the absorption and metabolism of quercetin/QG in vivo and in vitro, the biological activities and mechanism of quercetin/QG and their metabolites in treating glucolipid metabolism are discussed. After oral administration, quercetin/QG are mainly absorbed by the intestine, undergo phase II metabolism in the small intestine and liver to form conjugates and are metabolized into small phenolic acids by intestinal microbiota. Quercetin/QG and their metabolites exert beneficial effects on regulating glucolipid metabolism disorders, including improving insulin resistance, inhibiting lipogenesis, enhancing thermogenesis, modulating intestinal microbiota, relieving oxidative stress, and attenuating inflammation. This review enhances understanding of the mechanism of quercetin/QG regulate glucolipid metabolism and provides scientific support for the development of functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoai Zhu
- Food Engineering Technology Research Center/Key Laboratory of Henan Province, Henan Key Laboratory of Natural Pigment Preparation, College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China.
| | - Guiyuan Ding
- Food Engineering Technology Research Center/Key Laboratory of Henan Province, Henan Key Laboratory of Natural Pigment Preparation, College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China
| | - Shuncheng Ren
- Food Engineering Technology Research Center/Key Laboratory of Henan Province, Henan Key Laboratory of Natural Pigment Preparation, College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China
| | - Jun Xi
- Food Engineering Technology Research Center/Key Laboratory of Henan Province, Henan Key Laboratory of Natural Pigment Preparation, College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China
| | - Kunlun Liu
- Food Engineering Technology Research Center/Key Laboratory of Henan Province, Henan Key Laboratory of Natural Pigment Preparation, College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China.
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Lin QR, Jia LQ, Lei M, Gao D, Zhang N, Sha L, Liu XH, Liu YD. Natural products as pharmacological modulators of mitochondrial dysfunctions for the treatment of diabetes and its complications: An update since 2010. Pharmacol Res 2024; 200:107054. [PMID: 38181858 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.107054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
Diabetes, characterized as a well-known chronic metabolic syndrome, with its associated complications pose a substantial and escalating health and healthcare challenge on a global scale. Current strategies addressing diabetes are mainly symptomatic and there are fewer available curative pharmaceuticals for diabetic complications. Thus, there is an urgent need to identify novel pharmacological targets and agents. The impaired mitochondria have been associated with the etiology of diabetes and its complications, and the intervention of mitochondrial dysfunction represents an attractive breakthrough point for the treatments of diabetes and its complications. Natural products (NPs), with multicenter characteristics, multi-pharmacological activities and lower toxicity, have been caught attentions as the modulators of mitochondrial functions in the therapeutical filed of diabetes and its complications. This review mainly summarizes the recent progresses on the potential of 39 NPs and 2 plant-extracted mixtures to improve mitochondrial dysfunction against diabetes and its complications. It is expected that this work may be useful to accelerate the development of innovative drugs originated from NPs and improve upcoming therapeutics in diabetes and its complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian-Ru Lin
- Department of Neuroendocrine Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, China
| | - Lian-Qun Jia
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for TCM Viscera-State Theory and Applications, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, Liaoning 116600, China
| | - Ming Lei
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education & Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Di Gao
- Department of Neuroendocrine Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Department of Neuroendocrine Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, China
| | - Lei Sha
- Department of Neuroendocrine Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, China
| | - Xu-Han Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Dalian Municipal Central Hospital, Dalian, Liaoning 116033, China.
| | - Yu-Dan Liu
- Department of Neuroendocrine Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, China.
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Wang T, Wang YY, Shi MY, Liu L. Mechanisms of action of natural products on type 2 diabetes. World J Diabetes 2023; 14:1603-1620. [DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v14.i11.1603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past several decades, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has been considered a global public health concern. Currently, various therapeutic modalities are available for T2DM management, including dietary modifications, moderate exercise, and use of hypoglycemic agents and lipid-lowering medications. Although the curative effect of most drugs on T2DM is significant, they also exert some adverse side effects. Biologically active substances found in natural medicines are important for T2DM treatment. Several recent studies have reported that active ingredients derived from traditional medicines or foods exert a therapeutic effect on T2DM. This review compiled important articles regarding the therapeutic effects of natural products and their active ingredients on islet β cell function, adipose tissue inflammation, and insulin resistance. Additionally, this review provided an in-depth understanding of the multiple regulatory effects on different targets and signaling pathways of natural medicines in the treatment of T2DM as well as a theoretical basis for clinical effective application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wang
- Clinical Molecular Immunology Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, Hubei Province, China
| | - Yang-Yang Wang
- Clinical Molecular Immunology Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, Hubei Province, China
| | - Meng-Yue Shi
- Clinical Molecular Immunology Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, Hubei Province, China
| | - Lian Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, Hubei Province, China
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Zhuang M, Rao L, Chen Y, Xiao S, Xia H, Yang J, Lv X, Qin D, Zhu C. Controlled SPION-Exosomes Loaded with Quercetin Preserves Pancreatic Beta Cell Survival and Function in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Int J Nanomedicine 2023; 18:5733-5748. [PMID: 37849640 PMCID: PMC10578181 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s422416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Quercetin has an ideal therapeutic effect on islet function improvement in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, the therapeutic benefit of quercetin is hindered by its poor bioavailability and limited concentration in pancreatic islets. In this study, superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticle (SPION)-modified exosomes were prepared to load quercetin, hoping to endow quercetin with enhanced water solubility and active targeting capacity with the help of magnetic force (MF). Methods Transferrin-modified SPIONs (Tf-SPIONs) were synthesized by exploiting N-hydroxysuccinimidyl (NHS) conjugation chemistry, and quercetin-loaded exosomes (Qu-exosomes) were acquired by electroporation. Tf-SPION-modified quercetin-loaded exosomes (Qu-exosome-SPIONs) were generated by the self-assembly of transferrin (Tf) and the transferrin receptor (TfR). The solubility of quercetin was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis. The pancreatic islet targeting capacity and insulin secretagogue and antiapoptotic activities of Qu-exosome-SPIONs/MF were evaluated both in vitro and in vivo. Results The Qu-exosome-SPIONs were well constructed and harvested by magnetic separation with a uniform size and shape in a diameter of approximately 86.2 nm. The water solubility of quercetin increased 1.97-fold when loaded into the SPION-modified exosomes. The application of SPIONs/MF endowed the Qu-exosomes with favorable targeting capacity. In vitro studies showed that Qu-exosome-SPIONs/MF more effectively inhibited or attenuated β cell apoptosis and promoted insulin secretion in response to elevated glucose (GLC) compared with quercetin or Qu-exosome-SPIONs. In vivo studies demonstrated that Qu-exosome-SPIONs/MF displayed an ideal pancreatic islet targeting capacity, thereby leading to the restoration of islet function. Conclusion The Qu-exosome-SPIONs/MF nano-delivery system significantly enhanced the quercetin concentration in pancreatic islets and thereby improved pancreatic islet protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manjiao Zhuang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Natural Drugs, and School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lei Rao
- Medical College, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan, 512026, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Biomedicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610500, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yadi Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Natural Drugs, and School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shangying Xiao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Natural Drugs, and School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haishan Xia
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Natural Drugs, and School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiangyong Yang
- Medical College, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan, 512026, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaohua Lv
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Natural Drugs, and School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dongyun Qin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Natural Drugs, and School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chunjie Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Natural Drugs, and School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, People’s Republic of China
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Liu X, Wang S, Cui L, Zhou H, Liu Y, Meng L, Chen S, Xi X, Zhang Y, Kang W. Flowers: precious food and medicine resources. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2022.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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The Role of Gut Microbiota in High-Fat-Diet-Induced Diabetes: Lessons from Animal Models and Humans. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15040922. [PMID: 36839280 PMCID: PMC9963658 DOI: 10.3390/nu15040922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The number of diabetes mellitus patients is increasing rapidly worldwide. Diet and nutrition are strongly believed to play a significant role in the development of diabetes mellitus. However, the specific dietary factors and detailed mechanisms of its development have not been clearly elucidated. Increasing evidence indicates the intestinal microbiota is becoming abundantly apparent in the progression and prevention of insulin resistance in diabetes. Differences in gut microbiota composition, particularly butyrate-producing bacteria, have been observed in preclinical animal models as well as human patients compared to healthy controls. Gut microbiota dysbiosis may disrupt intestinal barrier functions and alter host metabolic pathways, directly or indirectly relating to insulin resistance. In this article, we focus on dietary fat, diabetes, and gut microbiome characterization. The promising probiotic and prebiotic approaches to diabetes, by favorably modifying the composition of the gut microbial community, warrant further investigation through well-designed human clinical studies.
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Wei D, Tang L, Su L, Zeng S, Telushi A, Lang X, Zhang Y, Qin M, Qiu L, Zhong C, Yu J. Edgeworthia gardneri (Wall.) Meisn. extract protects against myocardial infarction by inhibiting NF-κB-and MAPK-mediated endothelial inflammation. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:1013013. [PMID: 36606274 PMCID: PMC9808090 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.1013013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Experimental and clinical evidence has demonstrated a pivotal role of inflammation in the pathogenesis of ischemic heart disease, and targeting inflammation has been shown to provide clinical benefits for patients with coronary disease. Endothelial cells constitute the majority of non-cardiomyocytes in the heart. Endothelial pro-inflammatory activation is recognized as a critical component in the pathophysiology of cardiovascular disease. The dried flowers of Edgeworthia gardneri (Wall.) Meisn. (EG) have been widely used as Tibetan folk medicine to ameliorate a range of metabolic disorders, such as diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, and obesity. However, its role in modulating endothelial inflammation and ischemic heart disease has not been evaluated. Methods and results Herein, using a preclinical rat model of coronary artery ligation-induced myocardial infarction (MI), we demonstrated that systemic administration of EG extract (EEEG) attenuated ischemic cardiac injury. EEEG reduced myocardial infarct size, improved cardiac function, and ameliorated adverse cardiac remodeling. Moreover, the cardioprotective effects of EEEG were associated with decreased MI-induced myocardial inflammation. Consistent with the anti-inflammatory role of EEEG in vivo, EEEG attenuated TNF-α-stimulated human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) activation and monocyte-endothelial cell firm adhesion in vitro. Mechanistically, our data showed that EEEG's mode of action suppresses the activation of NF-κB, ERK, and p38 MAPK signaling pathways in ECs. Importantly, we demonstrated that EEEG inhibits endothelial inflammation in an NF-κB- and p38 MAPK-dependent manner using pharmacological inhibitors. Conclusion Collectively, this study identified EG as a potential therapeutic agent in attenuating endothelial inflammation and managing ischemic cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wei
- Center for Translational Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Le Tang
- Center for Translational Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Lingqing Su
- Center for Translational Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Sufen Zeng
- Center for Translational Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Ajdora Telushi
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences and Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Xiaoya Lang
- Center for Translational Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yanli Zhang
- The National Pharmaceutical Engineering Center for Solid Preparation in Chinese Herbal Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Manman Qin
- Center for Translational Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Liang Qiu
- Center for Translational Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Chao Zhong
- Center for Translational Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China,*Correspondence: Chao Zhong,
| | - Jun Yu
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences and Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States,Jun Yu,
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Khutami C, Sumiwi SA, Khairul Ikram NK, Muchtaridi M. The Effects of Antioxidants from Natural Products on Obesity, Dyslipidemia, Diabetes and Their Molecular Signaling Mechanism. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23042056. [PMID: 35216172 PMCID: PMC8875143 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a risk factor that leads to the development of other diseases such as dyslipidemia and diabetes. These three metabolic disorders can occur simultaneously, hence, the treatment requires many drugs. Antioxidant compounds have been reported to have activities against obesity, dyslipidemia and diabetes via several mechanisms. This review aims to discuss the antioxidant compounds that have activity against obesity, dyslipidemia and diabetes together with their molecular signaling mechanism. The literature discussed in this review was obtained from the PUBMED database. Based on the collection of literature obtained, antioxidant compounds having activity against the three disorders (obesity, dyslipidemia and diabetes) were identified. The activity is supported by various molecular signaling pathways that are influenced by these antioxidant compounds, further study of which would be useful in predicting drug targets for a more optimal effect. This review provides insights on utilizing one of these antioxidant compounds as opposed to several drugs. It is hoped that in the future, the number of drugs in treating obesity, dyslipidemia and diabetes altogether can be minimized consequently reducing the risk of side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chindiana Khutami
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jl. Raya Bandung-Sumedang KM 21, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia; (C.K.); (S.A.S.)
| | - Sri Adi Sumiwi
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jl. Raya Bandung-Sumedang KM 21, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia; (C.K.); (S.A.S.)
| | - Nur Kusaira Khairul Ikram
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia;
- Centre for Research in Biotechnology for Agriculture (CEBAR), Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Muchtaridi Muchtaridi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jl. Raya Bandung-Sumedang KM 21, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia
- Correspondence:
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Yan LS, Cheng BCY, Zhang SF, Luo G, Zhang C, Wang QG, Fu XQ, Wang YW, Zhang Y. Tibetan Medicine for Diabetes Mellitus: Overview of Pharmacological Perspectives. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:748500. [PMID: 34744728 PMCID: PMC8566911 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.748500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) and its complications pose a major public health threat which is approaching epidemic proportions globally. Current drug options may not provide good efficacy and even cause serious adverse effects. Seeking safe and effective agents for DM treatment has been an area of intensive interest. As a healing system originating in Tibet, Traditional Tibetan Medicine (TTM) has been widely used by Tibetan people for the prevention and treatment of DM and its complications for hundreds of years. Tibetan Materia Medica (TMM) including the flower of Edgeworthia gardneri (Wall.) Meisn., Phyllanthi Fructus, Chebulae Fructus, Huidouba, and Berberidis Cortex are most frequently used and studied. These TMMs possess hypoglycemic, anti-insulin resistant, anti-glycation, lipid lowering, anti-inflammatory, and anti-oxidative effects. The underlying mechanisms of these actions may be related to their α-glucosidase inhibitory, insulin signaling promoting, PPARs-activating, gut microbiota modulation, islet β cell-preserving, and TNF-α signaling suppressive properties. This review presents a comprehensive overview of the mode and mechanisms of action of various active constituents, extracts, preparations, and formulas from TMM. The dynamic beneficial effects of the products prepared from TMM for the management of DM and its complications are summarized. These TMMs are valuable materia medica which have the potential to be developed as safe and effective anti-DM agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Shan Yan
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Brian Chi-Yan Cheng
- College of Professional and Continuing Education, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shuo-Feng Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Gan Luo
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Qing-Gao Wang
- First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Guangxi, China
| | - Xiu-Qiong Fu
- Centre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yi-Wei Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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11
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Roshanravan N, Askari SF, Fazelian S, Ayati MH, Namazi N. The roles of quercetin in diabetes mellitus and related metabolic disorders; special focus on the modulation of gut microbiota: A comprehensive review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021:1-14. [PMID: 34620011 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1983765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Quercetin is a dietary flavonoid that can affect the balance between anti-oxidant defense system and oxidative stress. A number of studies showed the positive effects of quercetin on diabetes mellitus and related metabolic disorders through different pathways such as gut flora. However, findings are conflicting. In addition, it seems no studies have summarized all potential mechanisms of quercetin in diabetes mellitus, so far. Therefore, the aims of the present comprehensive review were to provide an overview on biological and biochemical characteristics of quercetin and investigate the effect of quercetin on diabetes mellitus and related metabolic disorders by focusing on its effects on the modulation of gut microbiota. For this purpose, findings of In vitro, animal studies, clinical trials, and review studies with the English language published until January 2021 were summarized. They were identified through electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane Library) and Google Scholar. Findings showed that quercetin can be an effective component for improving glycemic status and other metabolic disorders related to diabetes mellitus based on In vitro and animal studies. However, environmental factors, food processing and using nanoformulations can affect its efficacy in human studies. Several potential mechanisms, including the modulation of gut flora are proposed for its actions. However, due to limited clinical trials and contradictory findings, more high-quality clinical trials are needed to make a decision on the efficacy of supplementation with quercetin as a complementary therapy for the management of diabetes mellitus, metabolic disorders, and modulating gut flora.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neda Roshanravan
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sayyedeh Fatemeh Askari
- Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran.,Department of Phytopharmaceuticals (Traditional Pharmacy), School of Pharmacy, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Siavash Fazelian
- Clinical Research Development Unit, Ayatollah Kashani Hospital, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Ayati
- School of Persian Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nazli Namazi
- Diabetes Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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12
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Hu Z, Liu X, Yang M. Evidence and Potential Mechanisms of Jin-Gui Shen-Qi Wan as a Treatment for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:699932. [PMID: 34552482 PMCID: PMC8450514 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.699932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a subtype of diabetes mellitus characterized by progressive dysfunction of β-cell insulin secretion and insulin resistance. Jīn-Guì Shèn-Qì Wán (JGSQW) has for many years been widely used in clinical practice as a treatment for T2DM. However, its effect remains unknown. Objectives: This study aims to summarize the clinical evidence of the effect of JGSQW on glucose and lipid metabolism in T2DM and the potential mechanisms underlying this effect. Methods: Six databases were searched without language or publication status restrictions. Data were extracted to a predefined template for synthesis. Results: Fourteen studies with 1586 participants were included in this meta-analysis. All 14 studies were judged to be at high risk of bias. JGSQW is safe for T2DM patients. Pooled results indicated that combination treatment results in a reduction in glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) (mean difference (MD) −0.49%; 95% CI −0.67 to −0.31), fasting blood glucose (FBG) (MD −0.84; 95% CI −1.19 to −0.49), and 2-hour postprandial glucose 2hBG (MD −1.38; 95% CI −1.60 to −1.16). No significant difference in glucose metabolism was observed between JGSQW and hypoglycemic agents. The available evidence was insufficient to determine the effects on lipid metabolism. Sensitivity analyses indicated that these results were robust. Conclusion: By combining the available evidence, we found that JGSQW is safe for T2DM patients. Compared with hypoglycemic agents alone, combination treatment with JGSQW enhances the effect on glucose metabolism in patients with T2DM. We found no difference in the efficacy of JGSQW alone compared to hypoglycemic agents alone. In terms of lipid metabolism, the current evidence is insufficient and too inconsistent for us to draw firm conclusions, so further studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhipeng Hu
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoke Liu
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Maoyi Yang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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13
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The Therapeutic Effects and Mechanisms of Quercetin on Metabolic Diseases: Pharmacological Data and Clinical Evidence. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:6678662. [PMID: 34257817 PMCID: PMC8249127 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6678662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic diseases have become major public health issues worldwide. Searching for effective drugs for treating metabolic diseases from natural compounds has attracted increasing attention. Quercetin, an important natural flavonoid, is extensively present in fruits, vegetables, and medicinal plants. Due to its potentially beneficial effects on human health, quercetin has become the focus of medicinal attention. In this review, we provide a timely and comprehensive summary of the pharmacological advances and clinical data of quercetin in the treatment of three metabolic diseases, including diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Accumulating evidences obtained from animal experiments prove that quercetin has beneficial effects on these three diseases. It can promote insulin secretion, improve insulin resistance, lower blood lipid levels, inhibit inflammation and oxidative stress, alleviate hepatic lipid accumulation, and regulate gut microbiota disorders in animal models. However, human clinical studies on the effects of quercetin in diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and NAFLD remain scarce. More clinical trials with larger sample sizes and longer trial durations are needed to verify its true effectiveness in human subjects. Moreover, another important issue that needs to be resolved in future research is to improve the bioavailability of quercetin. This review may provide valuable information for the basic research, drug development, and clinical application of quercetin in the treatment of metabolic diseases.
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The synergistic protection of EGCG and quercetin against streptozotocin (STZ)-induced NIT-1 pancreatic β cell damage via upregulation of BCL-2 expression by miR-16-5p. J Nutr Biochem 2021; 96:108748. [PMID: 34051305 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2021.108748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
EGCG and quercetin are flavonoids which usually co-exist in edible plants and they exhibit anti-diabetes effects. This study aimed to explore the mechanisms by which quercetin and EGCG synergistically protected pancreatic β-cells from streptozotocin-induced apoptosis. EGCG, quercetin, and their combinations (both 15 μM) all reversed STZ-induced cells damage and enhanced glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, with the combination being more effective than a single compound. At the molecular level, the EGCG-quercetin combination upregulated BCL-2 expression and caused a greater reduction in miR-16-5p level than EGCG alone or quercetin alone. Overexpression of miR-16-5p could offset the down-regulated apoptotic genes caused by the synergistic action of the combination. These findings suggest that EGCG and quercetin exert synergistic anti-diabetes effect, possibly via decreasing the expression of miR-16-5p that targets directly BCL-2. This is the first report on a miRNA-based mechanism underlying the synergistic protective effect of EGCG and quercetin against pancreatic cell damage.
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15
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Yin X, Wang M, Xia Z. In vitro evaluation of intestinal absorption of tiliroside from Edgeworthia gardneri (Wall.) Meisn. Xenobiotica 2021; 51:728-736. [PMID: 33874851 DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2021.1904304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Although Edgeworthia gardneri (Wall.) Meisn and its main component tiliroside (TIL) show good bioactivity, its intestinal absorption data supporting its low bioavailability have not been reported.The evaluation results of three absorption models in vitro and in vivo indicated that the results of the Ussing chamber model were basically consistent with the results of in vivo experiments. It was thus applied to investigate the characteristics of TIL across various intestinal regions and the interaction between TIL and adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-binding cassette family proteins (ABC) including, P-glycoprotein (P-gp), multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (MRP2), and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP).The data of the bi-directional transport showed that the ileum had the higher apparent permeability coefficient (Papp) of TIL than duodenum and jejunum, suggesting the best absorption of TIL in the ileum.In the presence of the MRP2 inhibitor, the absorption of TIL from water extracts of E. gardneri (Wall.) Meisn (WAE) was improved, indicating that MRP2 other than P-gp and BCRP affected the absorption of TIL and might be responsible for its low bioavailability. This study laid the foundation for enhancing the bioavailability of TIL and highlighted the influences of efflux transporters on bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiongwei Yin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Min Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhining Xia
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
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16
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Zeng H, Li X, Zhou D, Wang N, Yu X, Long L, Cheng H, Zhou S, Shen Z, Zhou W. Qihu Preparation Ameliorates Diabetes by Activating the AMPK Signaling Pathway in db/db Mice. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2021; 14:3229-3241. [PMID: 34285530 PMCID: PMC8286761 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s312137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine the pharmacological effects of Qihu on type 2 diabetes mellitus using db/db mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty-seven db/db mice were randomly divided into the following 5 groups: diabetes model control group (DM group; n = 7), administered with the adjuvant 0.3% carboxymethyl cellulose-Na; positive control group (Met group; n = 8), administered with metformin (0.13 g/kg bodyweight); Qihu-L group (n = 7), administered with a low dose of Qihu (0.75 g/kg bodyweight), Qihu-M group (n = 7), administered with a medium dose of Qihu (1.5 g/kg bodyweight); Qihu-H group (n = 8), administered with a high dose of Qihu (3.0 g/kg bodyweight). BKS mice (n = 8) were used as the negative control group. The db/db mice were administered with drugs through oral gavage for 28 days. The random blood glucose levels, glucose tolerance test, bodyweight, food intake, and blood lipid levels of the mice were measured during the experimental period. The liver and pancreas tissues were collected for pathological, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, and Western blotting analyses. RESULTS Compared with the DM group, the Qihu groups exhibited decreased bodyweight gain. The blood glucose levels in the Qihu-L, Qihu-M, and Qihu-H were 31.46%, 43.73%, and 51.83%, respectively, lower than those in the DM group. The triglyceride levels were significantly downregulated and the swelling and steatosis of the hepatocytes were significantly lower in the Qihu-M and Qihu-H groups than in the DM group. Qihu downregulated the expression of IL-1β, IL-6, and TXNIP and upregulated the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathway in the pancreas and liver tissues of db/db mice. CONCLUSION The anti-diabetic effects of Qihu are mediated through the activation of the AMPK/Txnip signaling and the downregulation of the secretion of inflammatory factors in db/db mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongfang Zeng
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory for Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology of Chongqing, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoli Li
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory for Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology of Chongqing, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Duanfang Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory for Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology of Chongqing, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ning Wang
- West China Biopharm Research Institute, West China Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoping Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory for Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology of Chongqing, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liangyuan Long
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory for Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology of Chongqing, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hao Cheng
- China Company 18th, College of Pharmacy, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Pharmacy, Medical Security Center, the 925 Hospital, Joint Logistic Support Force, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, 550005, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuyu Zhou
- China Company 18th, College of Pharmacy, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhengze Shen
- Department of Pharmacy, Yongchuan Hospital Affiliated to Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weiying Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory for Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology of Chongqing, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Weiying Zhou Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, 1 Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, People’s Republic of ChinaTel/Fax +86 23 684 85161 Email
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17
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Gao J, Sun Y, Li L, Zhou Q, Wang M. The antiglycative effect of apple flowers in fructose/glucose-BSA models and cookies. Food Chem 2020; 330:127170. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.127170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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18
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Xu X, Li L, Zhang Y, Lu X, Lin W, Wu S, Qin X, Xu R, Lin W. Hypolipidemic effect of Alisma orientale (Sam.) Juzep on gut microecology and liver transcriptome in diabetic rats. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0240616. [PMID: 33035272 PMCID: PMC7546448 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0240616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Alisma orientale (Sam.) Juzep (A. orientale) is a traditional herb that is often used to treat disease including edema and hyperlipidemia. However, the molecular mechanism by which Alisma orientale (Sam.) Juzep exerts its hypolipidemic effects remains unclear. In this study, a diabetic rat model was established by feeding a high-fat and high-sugar diet combined with a low-dose streptozotocin injection (HFS). Then the rats were treated with an A. orientale water extract (AOW), an A. orientale ethanolic extract (AOE) or metform (MET). The gut microflora and liver transcriptome were analyzed by high-throughput next-generation sequencing. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole-mass spectrometry was employed to analyze the major compounds in the AOE. The results showed that the serum total cholesterol (TC) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels in rats of the AOE group (2.10 g/kg/day, 14 days) were significantly lower than those in the HFS group (p<0.01). Moreover, AOE treatment altered the gut microecology, particularly modulating the relative abundance of gut microflora involved in lipid metabolism compared with the HFS group. Furthermore, compared with the HFS group, the mRNA expression levels of Fam13a, Mapk7, Mpp7, Chac1, Insig1, Mcpt10, Noct, Greb1l, Fabp12 and Hba-a3 were upregulated after the administration of AOE. In contrast, the mRNA expression levels of Lox, Mybl1, Arrdc3, Cyp4a2, Krt20, Vxn, Ggt1, Nr1d1 and S100a9 were downregulated. Moreover, AOE treatment for two weeks markedly promoted the relative abundance of Lachnospiraceae (p = 0.0013). The triterpenoids contents in AOE were alisol A, alisol A 24-acetate, alisol B, alisol B 23-acetate, alisol C 23-acetate, alisol F, alisol F 24-acetate, and alisol G. Our findings above illustrated that the hypolipidemic effect of the triterpenoids of A. orientale is mediated mainly through alteration of the gut microecology and the regulation of genes involved in cholesterol metabolism, especially Insig1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomei Xu
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Medical Measurement, Fujian Academy of Medical Sciences, Fuzhou, China
| | - Lisha Li
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Medical Measurement, Fujian Academy of Medical Sciences, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yamin Zhang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Medical Measurement, Fujian Academy of Medical Sciences, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xuehua Lu
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Medical Measurement, Fujian Academy of Medical Sciences, Fuzhou, China
| | - Wei Lin
- Department of Endocrinology, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shuangshuang Wu
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Medical Measurement, Fujian Academy of Medical Sciences, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xia Qin
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Medical Measurement, Fujian Academy of Medical Sciences, Fuzhou, China
| | - Rongqing Xu
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Medical Measurement, Fujian Academy of Medical Sciences, Fuzhou, China
| | - Wenjin Lin
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Medical Measurement, Fujian Academy of Medical Sciences, Fuzhou, China
- * E-mail:
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19
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Toubal S, Oiry C, Bayle M, Cros G, Neasta J. Urolithin C increases glucose-induced ERK activation which contributes to insulin secretion. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2020; 34:571-580. [PMID: 32083757 DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Polyphenols exert pharmacological actions through protein-mediated mechanisms and by modulating intracellular signalling pathways. We recently showed that a gut-microbial metabolite of ellagic acid named urolithin C is a glucose-dependent activator of insulin secretion acting by facilitating L-type Ca2+ channel opening and Ca2+ influx into pancreatic β-cells. However, it is still unknown whether urolithin C regulates key intracellular signalling proteins in β-cells. Here, we report that urolithin C enhanced glucose-induced extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2) activation as shown by higher phosphorylation levels in INS-1 β-cells. Interestingly, inhibition of ERK1/2 with two structurally distinct inhibitors led to a reduction in urolithin C effect on insulin secretion. Finally, we provide data to suggest that urolithin C-mediated ERK1/2 phosphorylation involved insulin signalling in INS-1 cells. Together, these data indicate that the pharmacological action of urolithin C on insulin secretion relies, in part, on its capacity to enhance glucose-induced ERK1/2 activation. Therefore, our study extends our understanding of the pharmacological action of urolithin C in β-cells. More generally, our findings revealed that urolithin C modulated the activation of key multifunctional intracellular signalling kinases which participate in the regulation of numerous biological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Slimane Toubal
- IBMM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France
| | - Catherine Oiry
- IBMM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France
| | - Morgane Bayle
- IBMM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France
| | - Gérard Cros
- IBMM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France
| | - Jérémie Neasta
- IBMM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France
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20
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Jia S, Guan T, Zhang X, Liu Y, Liu Y, Zhao X. Serum metabonomics analysis of quercetin against the toxicity induced by cadmium in rats. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2020; 34:e22448. [PMID: 31967702 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the protective effect of quercetin against the toxicity induced by chronic exposure to low levels of cadmium in rats by an ultra performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometer. Rats were randomly divided into six groups as follows: control group (C), low dose of quercetin group (Q1: 10 mg/kg·bw), high dose of quercetin group (Q2: 50 mg/kg·bw), cadmium chloride group (D), low dose of quercetin plus cadmium chloride group (DQ1), and high dose of quercetin plus cadmium chloride group (DQ2). Cadmium chloride (CdCl2 ) was administered to rats by drinking water ad libitum in a concentration of 40 mg/L. The final amount of CdCl2 ingested was estimated from the water consumption data to be 4.85, 4.91, and 4.89 mg/kg·bw/day, for D, DQ1, and DQ2 groups, respectively. After a 12-week treatment, the serum samples of rats were collected for metabonomics analysis. Ten potential biomarkers were identified for which intensities were significantly increased or reduced as a result of the treatment. These metabolites included isorhamnetin 4'-O-glucuronide, 3-indolepropionic acid, tetracosahexaenoic acid, lysophosphatidylcholine (LysoPC) (20:5), lysoPC (18:3), lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LysoPE) (20:5/0:0), bicyclo-prostaglandin E2, sulpholithocholylglycine, lithocholyltaurine, and glycocholic acid. Results indicated that quercetin exerted a protective effect against cadmium-induced toxicity by regulating lipid and amino acid metabolism, enhancing the antioxidant defense system and protecting liver and kidney function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Jia
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Tong Guan
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xia Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yajing Liu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yanli Liu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiujuan Zhao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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21
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Xiao G, Lyu M, Wang Y, He S, Liu X, Ni J, Li L, Fan G, Han J, Gao X, Wang X, Zhu Y. Ginkgo Flavonol Glycosides or Ginkgolides Tend to Differentially Protect Myocardial or Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury via Regulation of TWEAK-Fn14 Signaling in Heart and Brain. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:735. [PMID: 31333457 PMCID: PMC6624656 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Shuxuening injection (SXNI), one of the pharmaceutical preparations of Ginkgo biloba extract, has significant effects on both ischemic stroke and heart diseases from bench to bedside. Its major active ingredients are ginkgo flavonol glycosides (GFGs) and ginkgolides (GGs). We have previously reported that SXNI as a whole protected ischemic brain and heart, but the active ingredients and their contribution to the therapeutic effects remain unclear. Therefore, we combined experimental and network analysis approach to further explore the specific effects and underlying mechanisms of GFGs and GGs of SXNI on ischemia–reperfusion injury in mouse brain and heart. In the myocardial ischemia–reperfusion injury (MIRI) model, pretreatment with GFGs at 2.5 ml/kg was superior to the same dose of GGs in improving cardiac function and coronary blood flow and reducing the levels of lactate dehydrogenase and aspartate aminotransferase in serum, with an effect similar to that achieved by SXNI. In contrast, pretreatment with GGs at 2.5 ml/kg reduced cerebral infarction area and cerebral edema similarly to that of SXNI but more significantly compared with GFGs in cerebral ischemia–reperfusion injury (CIRI) model. Network pharmacology analysis of GFGs and GGs revealed that tumor necrosis factor-related weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK)–fibroblast growth factor-inducible 14 (Fn14) signaling pathway as an important common mechanism but with differential targets in MIRI and CIRI. In addition, immunohistochemistry and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) assays were performed to evaluate the regulatory roles of GFGs and GGs on the common TWEAK–Fn14 signaling pathway to protect the heart and brain. Experimental results confirmed that TWEAK ligand and Fn14 receptor were downregulated by GFGs to mitigate MIRI in the heart while upregulated by GGs to improve CIRI in the brain. In conclusion, our study showed that GFGs and GGs of SXNI tend to differentially protect brain and heart from ischemia–reperfusion injuries at least in part by regulating a common TWEAK–Fn14 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangxu Xiao
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Research and Development Center of TCM, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biotechnology & Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Ming Lyu
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Research and Development Center of TCM, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biotechnology & Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medicial Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yule Wang
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Research and Development Center of TCM, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biotechnology & Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Shuang He
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Research and Development Center of TCM, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biotechnology & Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xinyan Liu
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Research and Development Center of TCM, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biotechnology & Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Jingyu Ni
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Medical Experiment Center, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Lan Li
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Medical Experiment Center, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Guanwei Fan
- Medical Experiment Center, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Jihong Han
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials of Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, China; College of Biomedical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Xiumei Gao
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoying Wang
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, United States
| | - Yan Zhu
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Research and Development Center of TCM, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biotechnology & Medicine, Tianjin, China
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22
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Ji Y, Li L, Ma YX, Li WT, Li L, Zhu HZ, Wu MH, Zhou JR. Quercetin inhibits growth of hepatocellular carcinoma by apoptosis induction in part via autophagy stimulation in mice. J Nutr Biochem 2019; 69:108-119. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2019.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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23
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Song W, Jiang W, Wang C, Xie J, Liang X, Sun Y, Gong L, Liu W, Qu L. Jinmaitong, a Traditional Chinese Compound Prescription, Ameliorates the Streptozocin-Induced Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy Rats by Increasing Sciatic Nerve IGF-1 and IGF-1R Expression. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:255. [PMID: 30983995 PMCID: PMC6450141 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Jinmaitong (JMT) is a Traditional Chinese Compound Prescription for the treatment of diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN). This study aims to investigate the effect of JMT on the insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and the insulin like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R) expression in sciatic nerves of diabetic rats. Firstly, the chemical profile of JMT was characterized by UPLC/Q-TOF-MS analysis. A total of 72 compounds were putatively identified. Secondly, streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats were treated with neurotropin (NTP, 2.67 NU/kg/day) or JMT at low-dosage (0.4375 g/kg/day), medium-dosage (0.875 g/kg/day), and high-dosage (1.75 g/kg/day) for continuous 16 weeks. Blood glucose and body weight were detected every 4 weeks during the experiment. The mechanical pain and morphological change on sciatic nerves were detected by pain measurement instrument and microscopy. The IGF-1 level in serum and tissues were measured though ELISA and immunohistochemistry. The mRNA and protein expressions of IGF-1, IGF-1R, peripheral myelin protein zero (P0), and peripheral myelin protein 22 (PMP22) in the tissues were measured by qRT-PCR and western blot. As a result, JMT had no significant effect on body weight, but reduced the fasting blood glucose levels of diabetic rats. Besides, the pathological morphology, mechanical pain thresholds, serum level and tissue expression of IGF-1, mRNA, and protein levels of IGF-1R, P0, and PMP22 were significantly improved in JMT group at middle dosage. In conclusion, JMT could ameliorate the behavioristics and morphology changes in DPN rats by promoting IGF-1 and IGF-1R gene and protein expressions in sciatic nerves, as well as regulating the peripheral nerve remyelination genes P0 and PMP22 expressions, which provides scientific evidence for the clinical application of JMT in DPN patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Song
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China.,Center for Translational Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Wen Jiang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Xie
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaochun Liang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Sun
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Liyun Gong
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Ling Qu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
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In Vivo Rodent Models of Type 2 Diabetes and Their Usefulness for Evaluating Flavonoid Bioactivity. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11030530. [PMID: 30823474 PMCID: PMC6470730 DOI: 10.3390/nu11030530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
About 40% of the world’s population is overweight or obese and exist at risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D). Obesity is a leading pathogenic factor for developing insulin resistance (IR). It is well established that IR and a progressive decline in functional β-cell mass are hallmarks of developing T2D. In order to mitigate the global prevalence of T2D, we must carefully select the appropriate animal models to explore the cellular and molecular mechanisms of T2D, and to optimize novel therapeutics for their safe use in humans. Flavonoids, a group of polyphenols, have drawn great interest for their various health benefits, and have been identified in naturally occurring anti-diabetic compounds. Results from many clinical and animal studies demonstrate that dietary intake of flavonoids might prove helpful in preventing T2D. In this review, we discuss the currently available rodent animal models of T2D and analyze the advantages, the limitations of each T2D model, and highlight the potential anti-diabetic effects of flavonoids as well as the mechanisms of their actions.
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