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Zhong S, Huang C, Zhuang M, Liu Q, Tian Z, Yang D. Botanical extract combined with minoxidil improve hidrotic ectodermal dysplasia caused by p.G11R mutations: a case report. J DERMATOL TREAT 2024; 35:2378163. [PMID: 38991555 DOI: 10.1080/09546634.2024.2378163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE We aim to explore a potential treatment strategy for hair loss. MATERIALS AND METHODS A male 6-year-old child was diagnosed with hidrotic ectodermal dysplasia 2 (HED2) caused by GJB6 (p.G11R) mutations. He presented at our clinic with diffuse thinning and fine and brittle hair since birth. Additionally, the child exhibited abnormal development of teeth, fingernails, and toenails. The condition of the child's hair had not improved significantly with age. He was treated with botanical extracts combined with Minoxidil. RESULTS After one and a half months of treatment, the patient showed remarkable hair growth. CONCLUSIONS Our team has previously used botanical extracts in combination for the treatment of autosomal recessive wooly hair in children. In the present case, treatment with botanical extract combined with minoxidil was found to be equally efficacious. This case report provides valuable information for future studies on the use of botanical extracts in treating hair loss, as well as a safe and effective potential treatment strategy for children with congenital alopecia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyi Zhong
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Department of Dermatology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Chuhan Huang
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Department of Dermatology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Mingyue Zhuang
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Department of Dermatology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qingwu Liu
- Department of Dermatology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ziyuan Tian
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Department of Dermatology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Dingquan Yang
- Department of Dermatology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
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Tantiyavarong J, Charoensuksira S, Meephansan J, Hanvivattanakul S, Rayanasukha Y, Boonkoom T, Tantisantisom K. Red and Green LED Light Therapy: A Comparative Study in Androgenetic Alopecia. PHOTODERMATOLOGY, PHOTOIMMUNOLOGY & PHOTOMEDICINE 2024; 40:e13004. [PMID: 39368074 DOI: 10.1111/phpp.13004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2024] [Revised: 08/28/2024] [Accepted: 09/23/2024] [Indexed: 10/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) affects both men and women, characterized by progressive hair thinning. While current treatments like minoxidil and finasteride have efficacy limitations and side effects, low-level light therapy (LLLT) using red or near-infrared light has emerged as a promising alternative. Recent animal studies suggest potential benefits from green LED light, though human data are sparse. METHODS This study utilized an innovative LED helmet emitting red and green LED light on respective halves of the frontal scalp, delivering an energy density of 40 J/cm2 over 20 min. Clinical photography, physician evaluations on a 7-point scale, patient satisfaction, and measurements of hair density and hair diameter were employed. Data were analyzed using linear mixed-effects models, with significance set at p < 0.05. RESULTS Seventeen participants (47.1% male, 52.9% female, average age 46.47 years) demonstrated notable improvements after 6 months of treatment. Red and green LEDs both significantly increased hair diameter, non-vellus hair density, and satisfaction scores. Notably, the red LED therapy resulted in a statistically significant decrease in vellus hair density and achieved a greater increase in hair diameter compared to the green LED therapy. Minimal adverse effects were reported, primarily consisting of tolerable scalp heat and mild redness. CONCLUSION Both red and green LED therapies effectively enhanced hair growth, increasing density and thickness over 6 months. Red LED demonstrated superior improvements in specific measures. Consequently, both therapies present safe and viable alternatives for the management of AGA, expanding the repertoire of available treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiratchaya Tantiyavarong
- Division of Dermatology, Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Sasin Charoensuksira
- Division of Dermatology, Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Jitlada Meephansan
- Division of Dermatology, Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani, Thailand
- Samitivej Sukhumvit Hospital, Bangkok Dusit Medical Services PLC, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sirashat Hanvivattanakul
- Division of Dermatology, Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Yossawat Rayanasukha
- National Nanotechnology Center (NANOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Thitikorn Boonkoom
- National Nanotechnology Center (NANOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Kittipong Tantisantisom
- National Nanotechnology Center (NANOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani, Thailand
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Marinelli L, Bichiri A, Cagnina S, Castella L, Ghigo E, Motta G. Efficacy of topical minoxidil in enhancing beard growth in a group of transgender assigned female at birth individuals on gender affirming hormone therapy. J Endocrinol Invest 2024; 47:2843-2850. [PMID: 38644453 PMCID: PMC11473573 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-024-02373-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Testosterone therapy represents the cornerstone of gender affirming hormone therapy (GAHT) among t-AFAB (transgender Assigned Female At Birth) people. Minoxidil is a vasodilator drug approved for topical use for the treatment of androgenetic alopecia. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of topical minoxidil in enhancing beard growth in a group of t-AFAB people on GAHT. METHODS Sixteen t-AFAB individuals with an incomplete beard development, on GAHT for at least 6 months, were enrolled. Topical minoxidil was applied to the interested facial areas. Before starting (T0), after 3 (T3) and 6 (T6) months, we evaluated facial hair growth using the Ferriman-Gallwey modified score (FGm). RESULTS Subjects were 26 (2.7) years old and on GAHT for 18.5 [15-54] months; using a paired match evaluation, a statistically significant facial hair growth was observed over time, in particular at T6 (median upper lip FGm 3.5 [3-4] vs 2 [1-2] at T0 and chin FGm 4 [3.25-4] vs 1 [1-2] at T0; p ≤ 0.002). Comparing the minoxidil group with a control group (n = 16) matched for age and BMI who developed a full-grown beard only with GAHT, a logistic multivariable analysis identified hirsutism before GAHT was independently positively associated with the development of a full beard [OR 15.22 (95% CI 1.46-158.82); p = 0.023]. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study demonstrating the efficacy of topical minoxidil in enhancing facial hair growth among t-AFAB people on GAHT. Further studies will be necessary to assess whether the obtained improvements will persist after discontinuing the medication.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Marinelli
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126, Turin, Italy.
| | - A Bichiri
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - S Cagnina
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - L Castella
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - E Ghigo
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - G Motta
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126, Turin, Italy
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Almudimeegh AM, AlObaid SO, Albinhar TH, Alwadany MM, Alajlan AH, Alhedaithi NA, Alawadh RM, Kadasa AN, Alobaid AS, Alshathry YH, Alsalhi RH. Prevalence and Predictors of Premature Graying of Hair Before the Age of 30: A Cross-Sectional Study in Saudi Arabia. J Cosmet Dermatol 2024. [PMID: 39382174 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.16627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2024] [Revised: 09/09/2024] [Accepted: 09/24/2024] [Indexed: 10/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Graying is an inherent and unavoidable consequence of the aging process, impacting individuals of all genders. There are limited studies in Saudi Arabia that have examined the prevalence and predictors of premature graying of hair (PGH). OBJECTIVES This study aims to explore the prevalence and predictors of PGH before the age of 30 among the population of Saudi Arabia. METHODS This is a cross-sectional online survey that was conducted between July 2023 and February 2024 in Saudi Arabia. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to identify risk factors of having gray hair before the age of 30. RESULTS A total of 1193 participants were involved in this study. A significant portion of respondents reported having gray hair before the age of 30 (55.9%). The younger population (younger than 44 years), smokers, and those who have comorbidities, have anxiety, have depression, have a family history of gray hair before the age of 30 years, have a dry scalp, suffer from vitamin or mineral deficiencies, have hair loss due to immune diseases (such as alopecia), and use minoxidil or rosemary for hair loss were more likely to have gray hair before the age of 30 years (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION This study highlighted the high prevalence rate and associated predictors of PGH in Saudi Arabia. Identified predictors include genetic, health, and lifestyle factors. Healthcare professionals and decision makers are advised to promote the awareness of the general public on its risk factors to enhance the prevention of PGH. Public health initiatives include campaigns on smoking cessation, healthy nutrition, and mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Ahmed H Alajlan
- College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nora A Alhedaithi
- College of Medicine, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Razan M Alawadh
- College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | | | - Rakan H Alsalhi
- College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Han SH, Jo KW, Kim Y, Kim KT. Piperonylic Acid Promotes Hair Growth by Activation of EGFR and Wnt/β-Catenin Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:10774. [PMID: 39409103 PMCID: PMC11476903 DOI: 10.3390/ijms251910774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2024] [Revised: 09/30/2024] [Accepted: 10/05/2024] [Indexed: 10/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Dermal papilla cells (DPCs) are located at the bottom of the hair follicle and play a critical role in hair growth, shape, and cycle. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways are essential in promoting keratinocyte activation as well as hair follicle formation in DPCs. Piperonylic acid is a small molecule that induces EGFR activation in keratinocytes. However, the effects of piperonylic acid on DPCs in regard to the stimulation of hair growth have not been studied. In the present study, piperonylic acid was shown to activate the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in addition to the EGFR signaling pathway in DPCs. Piperonylic acid suppressed DKK1 expression, which presumably promoted the accumulation of β-catenin in the nucleus. In addition, piperonylic acid promoted cyclin D upregulation and cell growth and increased the expression of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), a DPC marker. In a clinical study, the group that applied a formulation containing piperonylic acid had a significantly higher number of hairs per unit area than the placebo group. These results identify piperonylic acid as a promising new candidate for hair loss treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Hyun Han
- Hesed Bio Corporation, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea; (K.W.J.); (Y.K.)
| | - Kyung Won Jo
- Hesed Bio Corporation, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea; (K.W.J.); (Y.K.)
| | - Younghyun Kim
- Hesed Bio Corporation, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea; (K.W.J.); (Y.K.)
| | - Kyong-Tai Kim
- Generative Genomics Research Center, Global Green Research & Development Center, Handong Global University, Pohang 37554, Republic of Korea
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Peng XL, Li SW, Zhou XQ, Zhu KX, Ni XR, Qi XD. A Prospective Self-controlled Clinical Trial of Nonactivated Low Leukocyte PRP in Female Pattern Hair Loss Patients of Childbearing Age. Dermatol Surg 2024; 50:926-930. [PMID: 38748664 DOI: 10.1097/dss.0000000000004234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/27/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alopecia significantly affects the mental health and social relationship of women since childbearing age, highlighting the need for a safe, effective, and convenient treatment. METHODS The authors have conducted a prospective self-controlled trial involving 15 female patients at childbearing age with alopecia. These patients received a subcutaneous scalp injection of platelet-rich plasma once every 4 weeks for 3 treatments in total. Outcome measurements were included below: changes in hair density (hair/cm 2 ), hair follicle density (hair follicle/cm 2 ), and overall photographic assessment (improved or not) at 4, 12, and 24 weeks right after the first treatment. RESULTS Comparing the photographs taken before and after the intervention, 67% of patients' hair density increased from 151 ± 39.82 hairs/cm 2 (preintervention) to 170.96 ± 37.14 hairs/cm 2 (at 24-week follow-up), representing an approximate increase of 19 hairs/cm 2 . Meanwhile, hair follicle density increased by approximately 15 follicles/cm 2 after 24 weeks since the first treatment, rising from 151.04 ± 41.99 follicles/cm 2 to 166.72 ± 37.13 follicles/cm 2 . The primary adverse reactions observed were local swelling and pain due to injections. CONCLUSION Local injection of nonactivated platelet-rich plasma with low leukocytes concentration could be an effective strategy to alleviate alopecia symptoms in female patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xie-Ling Peng
- All authors are affiliated with the Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery Center, Zhu Jiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
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Gupta AK, Taylor D, Ravi SP, Wang T, Talukder M. A bibliometric analysis of alternative drug therapy options in the treatment of androgenetic alopecia. J Cosmet Dermatol 2024; 23:3287-3294. [PMID: 38873787 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.16427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2024] [Revised: 05/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral finasteride and topical minoxidil formulations are the only FDA-approved drug therapies for androgenetic alopecia (AGA). Research into dutasteride, topical finasteride, and nontopical minoxidil (low-dose oral and sublingual) formulations in the treatment of AGA has spiked within recent years. Early findings show that these alternative drug therapies may have similar to improved efficacy and safety profiles relative to the conventional treatment options. AIMS Conducting a bibliometric analysis, compare trends in publications on these alternative drug therapies, identify key contributors, evaluate major findings from top-cited articles, and elucidate gaps in evidence. METHODS A search was conducted on the Web of Science database for publications on the use of alternative drug therapies in the treatment of AGA. A total of 95 publications, published between January 2003-March 2024, and their citation metadata were included in the analysis. RESULTS Dutasteride showed the greatest (n = 37) and longest (20+ years) history of publications, as well as the highest cumulative citations (n = 914); however, nontopical minoxidil showed a burst in research activity within the last 5 years (n = 33 publications since 2019). A relatively low number of randomized control trials (n = 3) for nontopical minoxidil suggests a need for higher-quality evidence. CONCLUSIONS Our analysis reveals major trends, contributors, and gaps in evidence for alternative drug therapies for AGA, which can help inform researchers on their future projects in this growing field of study. There is enthusiasm for exploring off-label formulations: nontopical forms of minoxidil (oral and sublingual), topical finasteride, and mesotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditya K Gupta
- Mediprobe Research Inc., London, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | - Tong Wang
- Mediprobe Research Inc., London, Ontario, Canada
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Wu X, Huang X, Zhu Q, Zhang J, Hu J, Song Y, You Y, Zhu L, Lu J, Xu X, Chen M, Wang W, Song X, Ji J, Du Y. Hybrid hair follicle stem cell extracellular vesicles co-delivering finasteride and gold nanoparticles for androgenetic alopecia treatment. J Control Release 2024; 373:652-666. [PMID: 39089503 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2024.07.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Revised: 07/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/27/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is a non-fatal disease prevalent worldwide. However, mixed efficacy has been observed among different therapies for hair regrowth in AGA patients. Thus, a nano-platform with synergistic treatments based on a hybrid extracellular vesicle encapsulating gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and finasteride (Hybrid/Au@Fi) was constructed through membrane fusion between hair follicle stem cell (HFSC)-derived extracellular vesicles and liposomes. These hybrid vesicles (HVs) not only fuel hair regrowth by providing cellular signals in extracellular vesicles, but also improve storage stability, follicle retention, and drug encapsulation efficiency (EE%) for finasteride inhibiting 5α-reductase, and nano-size AuNPs that simulate low-level laser therapy (LLLT) with similar photothermal effects in vitro. The EE% of finasteride in these HVs reached 45.33%. The dual administration of these extracellular vesicles and finasteride showed a strong synergistic effect on HFSCs in vitro. In an AGA mouse model, once-daily topical Hybrid/Au@Fi (115.07 ± 0.32 nm, -7.50 ± 1.68 mV) gel led to a faster transition of hair follicles (HFs) from the catagen to the anagen, increased hair regrowth coverage, and higher quality of regrowth hair, compared to once-daily 5% minoxidil treatment. Compared to topical minoxidil, the multifaceted synergistic therapy of Hybrid/Au@Fi through topical administration offers a new option for intractable AGA patients with low side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochuan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery and Release Systems, Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Jinhua Institute of Zhejiang University, Jinhua 321299, China
| | - Xiajie Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery and Release Systems, Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Jinhua Institute of Zhejiang University, Jinhua 321299, China
| | - Qi Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery and Release Systems, Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Jinhua Institute of Zhejiang University, Jinhua 321299, China
| | - Jucong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery and Release Systems, Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jiahao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery and Release Systems, Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yanling Song
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery and Release Systems, Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yuchan You
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery and Release Systems, Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Luwen Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery and Release Systems, Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jingyi Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery and Release Systems, Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xinyi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery and Release Systems, Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Minjiang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Imaging Diagnosis and Minimally Invasive Intervention Research, Lishui Central Hospital, Lishui 323000, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Hangzhou Third People's Hospital, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiuzu Song
- Department of Dermatology, Hangzhou Third People's Hospital, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiansong Ji
- Key Laboratory of Imaging Diagnosis and Minimally Invasive Intervention Research, Lishui Central Hospital, Lishui 323000, China
| | - Yongzhong Du
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery and Release Systems, Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Jinhua Institute of Zhejiang University, Jinhua 321299, China.
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9
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Legiawati L, Sitohang IBS, Yusharyahya SN, Sirait SP, Novianto E, Yunir E, Lauren BC, Hakiki NP, Rahmadika FD. The comparison of metabolic syndrome parameters, trichoscopic and trichoscan characteristics in androgenetic alopecia (AGA) and early-onset androgenetic alopecia (early-onset AGA). Arch Dermatol Res 2024; 316:581. [PMID: 39207572 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-024-03297-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2024] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Androgenetic alopecia (AGA), the most common cause of hair loss, is influenced by various risk factors. Metabolic syndrome constitutes a collection of risk factors elevating the risk of cardiovascular disease. The presence of early-onset AGA could serve as an indicator of the emergence of metabolic syndrome, yet to date, no research has examined these parameters in AGA. This is a cross-sectional study comparing two groups; early onset versus normal onset AGA. Forty participants were enlisted and evenly distributed into the two groups. Subsequently, participants underwent examinations utilizing trichoscopy, trichoscan, and laboratory assessments. Apart from waist circumference, BMI, and age of alopecia onset, there were no notable differences concerning sociodemographic and clinical features. In terms of hair growth parameters, the telogen hair rate stands out as the sole indicator exhibiting a significant difference between both groups, while trichoscopy data also revealed varying hair characteristics. Lastly, metabolic parameters namely triglyceride, fasting blood glucose, HbA1c and HDL differ significantly, with the normal onset group demonstrating a higher prevalence of metabolic abnormality. This suggests a potential association between AGA and metabolic syndrome. However, the exact nature of this relationship remains uncertain, necessitating further research with larger samples, specific age groups and diverse study designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Legiawati
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia.
| | - Irma Bernadette S Sitohang
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Shannaz Nadia Yusharyahya
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Sondang P Sirait
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Endi Novianto
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Em Yunir
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Brigitta Cindy Lauren
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Nadhira Permata Hakiki
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Faizal Dzaky Rahmadika
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
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10
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Kim J, An J, Lee YK, Ha G, Ban H, Kong H, Lee H, Song Y, Lee CK, Kim SB, Kim K. Hair Growth Promoting Effects of Solubilized Sturgeon Oil and Its Correlation with the Gut Microbiome. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:1112. [PMID: 39338277 PMCID: PMC11434952 DOI: 10.3390/ph17091112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Revised: 08/12/2024] [Accepted: 08/21/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Androgenetic alopecia is a common disease that occurs in both men and women. Several approved medications have been used to treat this condition, but they are associated with certain side effects. Therefore, use of extracts derived from natural products, such as Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baerii), and the regulation of the gut microbiota have become important topics of research. Sturgeon is known for its high nutritional value and anti-inflammatory properties; however, its effects on androgenetic alopecia and gut microbiota remain uncharacterized. Here, we aimed to investigate whether solubilized sturgeon oil (SSO) promotes hair growth and regulates the gut microbiome. C57BL/6 mice were divided into four groups. Three groups received topical applications of distilled water, SSO, or minoxidil, and one group was orally administered SSO. Each treatment was administered over 4 weeks. Histopathological analysis revealed a significant increase in follicle number (p < 0.001) and follicle diameter (p < 0.05). Immunohistochemical analysis revealed upregulation of β-catenin and ERK-1, markers involved in hair growth-promoting pathways. Furthermore, microbiome analysis revealed that the reduced gut microbiota was negatively correlated with these markers. Our findings indicate that oral administration of SSO promotes hair growth and regulates the abundance of hair growth-promoting gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihee Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Sahmyook University, Seoul 01795, Republic of Korea; (J.K.); (J.A.); (H.K.); (H.L.); (Y.S.)
| | - Jinho An
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Sahmyook University, Seoul 01795, Republic of Korea; (J.K.); (J.A.); (H.K.); (H.L.); (Y.S.)
| | - Yong-kwang Lee
- Sturgeon Bio Co., Ltd., Cheongju 28581, Republic of Korea;
| | - Gwangsu Ha
- Department of Animal Life Resources, College of Science and Technology, Sahmyook University, Seoul 01795, Republic of Korea;
| | - Hamin Ban
- Institute for Artificial Intelligence and Biomedical Research, Medicinal Bioconvergence Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon 21983, Republic of Korea;
| | - Hyunseok Kong
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Sahmyook University, Seoul 01795, Republic of Korea; (J.K.); (J.A.); (H.K.); (H.L.); (Y.S.)
| | - Heetae Lee
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Sahmyook University, Seoul 01795, Republic of Korea; (J.K.); (J.A.); (H.K.); (H.L.); (Y.S.)
| | - Youngcheon Song
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Sahmyook University, Seoul 01795, Republic of Korea; (J.K.); (J.A.); (H.K.); (H.L.); (Y.S.)
| | - Chong-kil Lee
- Department of Manufacturing Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28160, Republic of Korea;
| | - Sang Bum Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Sahmyook University, Seoul 01795, Republic of Korea; (J.K.); (J.A.); (H.K.); (H.L.); (Y.S.)
| | - Kyungjae Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Sahmyook University, Seoul 01795, Republic of Korea; (J.K.); (J.A.); (H.K.); (H.L.); (Y.S.)
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11
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Aurigemma I, Ferrentino R, Krishnan VP, Lanzetta O, Angelini C, Illingworth E, Baldini A. Significant improvement of cardiac outflow tract septation defects in a DiGeorge syndrome model after minoxidil treatment. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 720:150104. [PMID: 38749189 PMCID: PMC11166380 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.150104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
The T-BOX transcription factor TBX1 is essential for the development of the pharyngeal apparatus and it is haploinsufficient in DiGeorge syndrome (DGS), a developmental anomaly associated with congenital heart disease and other abnormalities. The murine model recapitulates the heart phenotype and showed collagen accumulation. We first used a cellular model to study gene expression during cardiogenic differentiation of WT and Tbx1-/- mouse embryonic stem cells. Then we used a mouse model of DGS to test whether interfering with collagen accumulation using an inhibitor of lysyl hydroxylase would modify the cardiac phenotype of the mutant. We found that loss of Tbx1 in a precardiac differentiation model was associated with up regulation of a subset of ECM-related genes, including several collagen genes. In the in vivo model, early prenatal treatment with Minoxidil, a lysyl hydroxylase inhibitor, ameliorated the cardiac outflow tract septation phenotype in Tbx1 mutant fetuses, but it had no effect on septation in WT fetuses. We conclude that TBX1 suppresses a defined subset of ECM-related genes. This function is critical for OFT septation because the inhibition of collagen cross-linking in the mutant reduces significantly the penetrance of septation defects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Olga Lanzetta
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics, CNR, Naples, Italy
| | | | | | - Antonio Baldini
- Dept of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, Univ. Federico II, Naples, Italy.
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12
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Lama SBC, Pérez-González LA, Kosoglu MA, Dennis R, Ortega-Quijano D. Physical Treatments and Therapies for Androgenetic Alopecia. J Clin Med 2024; 13:4534. [PMID: 39124800 PMCID: PMC11313483 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13154534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2024] [Revised: 07/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Androgenetic alopecia, the most common cause of hair loss affecting both men and women, is typically treated using pharmaceutical options, such as minoxidil and finasteride. While these medications work for many individuals, they are not suitable options for all. To date, the only non-pharmaceutical option that the United States Food and Drug Administration has cleared as a treatment for androgenetic alopecia is low-level laser therapy (LLLT). Numerous clinical trials utilizing LLLT devices of various types are available. However, a myriad of other physical treatments for this form of hair loss have been reported in the literature. This review evaluated the effectiveness of microneedling, pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) therapy, low-level laser therapy (LLLT), fractional laser therapy, and nonablative laser therapy for the treatment of androgenetic alopecia (AGA). It also explores the potential of multimodal treatments combining these physical therapies. The majority of evidence in the literature supports LLLT as a physical therapy for androgenetic alopecia. However, other physical treatments, such as nonablative laser treatments, and multimodal approaches, such as PEMF-LLLT, seem to have the potential to be equally or more promising and merit further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Robert Dennis
- Biomedical Engineering Departments, UNC Chapel Hill and NC State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA;
| | - Daniel Ortega-Quijano
- Dermatology Department, University Hospital Ramón y Cajal, 28034 Madrid, Spain; (L.A.P.-G.); (D.O.-Q.)
- Hair Disorders Unit, Grupo Pedro Jaén, 28006 Madrid, Spain
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13
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Afika N, Saniy AF, Fawwaz Dharma AA, Ko CK, Kamran R, Permana AD. Trilayer dissolving microneedle for transdermal delivery of minoxidil: a proof-of-concept study. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE. POLYMER EDITION 2024; 35:1750-1770. [PMID: 38718083 DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2024.2350187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Alopecia areata (AA) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by bald patches in certain areas of the body, especially the scalp. Minoxidil (MNX), as a first-line treatment of AA, effectively induces hair growth. However, oral and topical administration pose problems, including low bioavailability, risk of uncontrolled hair growth, and local side effects such as burning hair loss, and scalp irritation. In the latest research, MNX was delivered to the skin via microneedle (MN) transdermally. The MNX concentration was distributed throughout the needle so that drug penetration was reduced and had the potential to irritate. In this study, we formulated MNX into three-layer dissolving microneedles (TDMN) to increase drug penetration and avoid irritation. Physicochemical evaluation, parafilm, was used to evaluate the mechanical strength of TDMN and showed that TDMN could penetrate the stratum corneum. The ex-vivo permeation test showed that the highest average permeation result was obtained for TDMN2, namely 165.28 ± 31.87 ug/cm2, while for Minoxidil cream it was 46.03 ± 8.5 ug/cm2. The results of ex vivo and in vivo dermatokinetic tests showed that the amount of drug concentration remaining in the skin from the TDMN2 formula was higher compared to the cream preparation. The formula developed has no potential for irritation and toxicity based on the HET-CAM test and hemolysis test. TDMN is a promising alternative to administering MNX to overcome MNX problems and increase the effectiveness of AA therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Afika
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
| | | | | | | | - Rayu Kamran
- Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
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14
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Huang X, Zhao P, Zhang G, Su X, Li H, Gong H, Ma X, Liu F. Application of Non-Pharmacologic Therapy in Hair Loss Treatment and Hair Regrowth. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol 2024; 17:1701-1710. [PMID: 39071847 PMCID: PMC11283242 DOI: 10.2147/ccid.s471754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Purpose Alopecia significantly affects the appearance and psychology of patients, and pharmacological therapies and hair transplantation are the main treatments for alopecia, but both have limitations. This review aimed to summarize the non-pharmacological therapies that promote hair growth and regeneration. Patients and Methods This is a non-systematic review. Multiple databases was searched with relevant data published between 1997 and 2024. Searching and screening followed the PRISMA guidelines. Results Novel therapeutic modalities, such as gas molecules, platelet-rich plasma, laser, and microneedling, can change the microenvironment of hair follicles, activate hair follicle stem cells, and promote hair growth and regeneration. Conclusion This paper reviews research on the application of non-pharmacological therapies in alopecia treatment and hair regeneration, with a view to providing an important basis for future research on alopecia treatment and the postoperative treatment of patients after hair transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinlyu Huang
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Cosmetology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Pengxiang Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Life Science, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Gongjie Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Cosmetology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiangxi Su
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Cosmetology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hanlin Li
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Cosmetology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huizi Gong
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Cosmetology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuemei Ma
- College of Chemistry and Life Science, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fang Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Cosmetology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
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15
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Jimenez-Cauhe J, Vaño-Galvan S, Mehta N, Hermosa-Gelbard A, Ortega-Quijano D, Buendia-Castaño D, Fernández-Nieto D, Porriño-Bustamante M, Saceda-Corralo D, Pindado-Ortega C, Moreno-Arrones OM, Wambier C, Dhura R, Lotti T, Goren A. Hair follicle sulfotransferase activity and effectiveness of oral minoxidil in androgenetic alopecia. J Cosmet Dermatol 2024. [PMID: 39034734 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.16473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is common. While topical minoxidil remains the only FDA-approved therapeutic for AGA, its efficacy is limited in stimulating clinically significant hair regrowth over the longer term. Oral minoxidil, which is used off-label, is a promising alternative; however, its effectiveness and underlying mechanisms warrant further investigation. AIMS To elucidate the site of action and infer the physiological mechanisms underlying therapeutic responses to oral minoxidil in patients with AGA. METHODS Forty-one patients with AGA underwent 6 months of low-dose oral minoxidil treatment. Minoxidil sulfotransferase (SULT) activity was assayed in plucked scalp hair follicles. The primary outcome was hair growth after low-dose oral minoxidil treatment for a minimum of 6 months, and the secondary outcome was SULT activity in hair follicles. RESULTS After 6 months of treatment, 26 (63.4%) patients experienced a clinical improvement in alopecia symptoms. The response rate was higher in men (19/26 [73.1%]) than in women (6/15 [40.0%]). Patients with low hair follicle SULT activity demonstrated a higher minoxidil response rate than those with high enzyme activity (85% vs. 43%, p = 0.009). CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that low SULT activity within the hair follicles is associated with a favorable response to oral minoxidil therapy in patients with AGA. Further elucidation of the underlying mechanisms could significantly improve personalized therapeutic approaches through improved patient selection and the rational design of adjuvant treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Jimenez-Cauhe
- Dermatology Department, Hospital Universitario Ramon y Cajal, IRYCIS, Universidad de Alcala, Spain; Trichology Unit, Grupo de Dermatologia Pedro Jaen, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sergio Vaño-Galvan
- Dermatology Department, Hospital Universitario Ramon y Cajal, IRYCIS, Universidad de Alcala, Spain; Trichology Unit, Grupo de Dermatologia Pedro Jaen, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nina Mehta
- University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Angela Hermosa-Gelbard
- Dermatology Department, Hospital Universitario Ramon y Cajal, IRYCIS, Universidad de Alcala, Spain; Trichology Unit, Grupo de Dermatologia Pedro Jaen, Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Ortega-Quijano
- Dermatology Department, Hospital Universitario Ramon y Cajal, IRYCIS, Universidad de Alcala, Spain; Trichology Unit, Grupo de Dermatologia Pedro Jaen, Madrid, Spain
| | - Diego Buendia-Castaño
- Dermatology Department, Hospital Universitario Ramon y Cajal, IRYCIS, Universidad de Alcala, Spain; Trichology Unit, Grupo de Dermatologia Pedro Jaen, Madrid, Spain
| | - Diego Fernández-Nieto
- Dermatology Department, Hospital Universitario Ramon y Cajal, IRYCIS, Universidad de Alcala, Spain; Trichology Unit, Grupo de Dermatologia Pedro Jaen, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - David Saceda-Corralo
- Dermatology Department, Hospital Universitario Ramon y Cajal, IRYCIS, Universidad de Alcala, Spain; Trichology Unit, Grupo de Dermatologia Pedro Jaen, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Pindado-Ortega
- Dermatology Department, Hospital Universitario Ramon y Cajal, IRYCIS, Universidad de Alcala, Spain; Trichology Unit, Grupo de Dermatologia Pedro Jaen, Madrid, Spain
| | - Oscar M Moreno-Arrones
- Dermatology Department, Hospital Universitario Ramon y Cajal, IRYCIS, Universidad de Alcala, Spain; Trichology Unit, Grupo de Dermatologia Pedro Jaen, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Wambier
- Department of Dermatology, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Rachita Dhura
- Department of Dermatology, LTM Medical College and Hospital Sion, Mumbai, India
| | | | - Andy Goren
- University of Rome ("G. Marconi"), Rome, Italy
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16
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Atrooz OM, Reihani N, Mozafari MR, Salawi A, Taghavi E. Enhancing hair regeneration: Recent progress in tailoring nanostructured lipid carriers through surface modification strategies. ADMET AND DMPK 2024; 12:431-462. [PMID: 39091900 PMCID: PMC11289513 DOI: 10.5599/admet.2376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and purpose Hair loss is a prevalent problem affecting millions of people worldwide, necessitating innovative and efficient regrowth approaches. Nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) have become a hopeful option for transporting bioactive substances to hair follicles because of their compatibility with the body and capability to improve drug absorption. Review approach Recently, surface modification techniques have been used to enhance hair regeneration by improving the customization of NLCs. These techniques involve applying polymers, incorporating targeting molecules, and modifying the surface charge. Key results The conversation focuses on how these techniques enhance stability, compatibility with the body, and precise delivery to hair follicles within NLCs. Moreover, it explains how surface-modified NLCs can improve the bioavailability of hair growth-promoting agents like minoxidil and finasteride. Furthermore, information on how surface-modified NLCs interact with hair follicles is given, uncovering their possible uses in treating hair loss conditions. Conclusion This review discusses the potential of altering the surface of NLCs to customize them for enhanced hair growth. It offers important information for upcoming studies on hair growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar M. Atrooz
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman 19328, Jordan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Mutah University, Mutah, Jordan
| | - Nasim Reihani
- Australasian Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Initiative (ANNI), Monash University LPO, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - M. R. Mozafari
- Australasian Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Initiative (ANNI), Monash University LPO, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Ahmad Salawi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Elham Taghavi
- Faculty of Fisheries and Food Science, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
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17
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Ladwa R, Fogarty G, Chen P, Grewal G, McCormack C, Mar V, Kerob D, Khosrotehrani K. Management of Skin Toxicities in Cancer Treatment: An Australian/New Zealand Perspective. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:2526. [PMID: 39061166 PMCID: PMC11274446 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16142526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer systemic therapeutics and radiotherapy are often associated with dermatological toxicities that may reduce patients' quality of life and impact their course of cancer treatment. These toxicities cover a wide range of conditions that can be complex to manage with increasing severity. This review provides details on twelve common dermatological toxicities encountered during cancer treatment and offers measures for their prevention and management, particularly in the Australian/New Zealand context where skincare requirements may differ to other regions due to higher cumulative sun damage caused by high ambient ultraviolet (UV) light exposure. Given the frequency of these dermatological toxicities, a proactive phase is envisaged where patients can actively try to prevent skin toxicities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Ladwa
- Princess Alexandra Hospital, Ipswich Road, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Herston, QLD 4006, Australia
| | - Gerald Fogarty
- Icon Cancer Centre Revesby, Revesby, NSW 2212, Australia
| | - Peggy Chen
- Peggy Chen Skin Cancer and Mohs Surgery, New Plymouth 4310, New Zealand
- Te Whatu Ora Health New Zealand Taranaki, Westtown, New Plymouth 4310, New Zealand
| | - Gurpreet Grewal
- McGrath Foundation Breast Care Nurse, Alfred Health, Cancer Services, Melbourne, VIC 3127, Australia
| | - Chris McCormack
- Department Surgical Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Victoria Mar
- Victorian Melanoma Service, Alfred Health, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
| | | | - Kiarash Khosrotehrani
- Dermatology Research Centre, Experimental Dermatology Group, Frazer Institute, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD 4072, Australia
- Department of Dermatology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia
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18
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Zhou SY, Giang NN, Kim H, Chien PN, Le LTT, Trinh TT, Nga PT, Kwon HJ, Ham JR, Lee WK, Gu YJ, Zhang XR, Jin YX, Nam SY, Heo CY. Assessing the efficacy of mesotherapy products: Ultra Exo Booster, and Ultra S Line Plus in hair growth: An ex vivo study. Skin Res Technol 2024; 30:e13780. [PMID: 39031929 PMCID: PMC11259544 DOI: 10.1111/srt.13780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/22/2024]
Abstract
In this study, scalp tissues from Korean adults between 20 and 80 without skin disease were used. Scalp tissues were processed, and hair follicles were isolated and cultured with different treatments (including Bioscalp, Ultra Exo Booster, and Ultra S Line Plus) from Ultra V company. Over 12 days, observations and measurements of hair follicle characteristics were recorded at intervals (Days 0, 3, 6, 9, and 12). The study assessed the impact of these substances on hair follicle growth and morphology. Bioscalp, combined with Ultra Exo Booster and Ultra S Line Plus, showed significant hair elongation in ex vivo. Preservation of hair bulb diameter was observed, indicating potential for sustained hair growth by exosome-based products. The hair growth cycle analysis suggested a lower transition to the catagen stage in test products from Ultra V compared to non-treated groups. The research findings indicated that the tested formulations, especially the combination of Bioscalp, Ultra Exo Booster, and Ultra S Line Plus, demonstrated significant effectiveness in promoting hair growth, maintaining the integrity of the hair bulb, and reducing the transition to the catagen stage. The study suggests promising alternative treatments for hair loss, illustrating results that were as good as those of the conventional testing product groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Yi Zhou
- Department of MedicineCollege of MedicineSeoul National UniversitySeoulSouth Korea
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive SurgerySeoul National University Bundang HospitalSeongnamSouth Korea
| | - Nguyen Ngan Giang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive SurgerySeoul National University Bundang HospitalSeongnamSouth Korea
- Department of Medical Device DevelopmentCollege of MedicineSeoul National UniversitySeoulSouth Korea
| | - Hyunjee Kim
- Korean Institute of Nonclinical StudyH&Bio. Co. Ltd.SeongnamSouth Korea
| | - Pham Ngoc Chien
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive SurgerySeoul National University Bundang HospitalSeongnamSouth Korea
- Korean Institute of Nonclinical StudyH&Bio. Co. Ltd.SeongnamSouth Korea
| | - Linh Thi Thuy Le
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive SurgerySeoul National University Bundang HospitalSeongnamSouth Korea
- Department of Biomedical ScienceCollege of MedicineSeoul National UniversitySeoulSouth Korea
- Faculty of Medical TechniqueHai Phong University of Medicine and PharmacyHaiphongVietnam
| | - Thuy‐Tien Thi Trinh
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive SurgerySeoul National University Bundang HospitalSeongnamSouth Korea
- Korean Institute of Nonclinical StudyH&Bio. Co. Ltd.SeongnamSouth Korea
| | - Pham Thi Nga
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive SurgerySeoul National University Bundang HospitalSeongnamSouth Korea
- Korean Institute of Nonclinical StudyH&Bio. Co. Ltd.SeongnamSouth Korea
| | | | | | - Won Ku Lee
- UltraV Co., Ltd. R&D CenterSeoulSouth Korea
| | - Yeon Ju Gu
- UltraV Co., Ltd. R&D CenterSeoulSouth Korea
| | - Xin Rui Zhang
- Department of MedicineCollege of MedicineSeoul National UniversitySeoulSouth Korea
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive SurgerySeoul National University Bundang HospitalSeongnamSouth Korea
| | - Yong Xun Jin
- Department of MedicineCollege of MedicineSeoul National UniversitySeoulSouth Korea
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive SurgerySeoul National University Bundang HospitalSeongnamSouth Korea
| | - Sun Young Nam
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive SurgerySeoul National University Bundang HospitalSeongnamSouth Korea
| | - Chan Yeong Heo
- Department of MedicineCollege of MedicineSeoul National UniversitySeoulSouth Korea
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive SurgerySeoul National University Bundang HospitalSeongnamSouth Korea
- Department of Medical Device DevelopmentCollege of MedicineSeoul National UniversitySeoulSouth Korea
- Korean Institute of Nonclinical StudyH&Bio. Co. Ltd.SeongnamSouth Korea
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19
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Valentim FDO, Miola AC, Miot HA, Schmitt JV. Efficacy of 5% topical minoxidil versus 5 mg oral biotin versus topical minoxidil and oral biotin on hair growth in men: randomized, crossover, clinical trial. An Bras Dermatol 2024; 99:581-584. [PMID: 38688776 PMCID: PMC11221127 DOI: 10.1016/j.abd.2023.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Flávia de Oliveira Valentim
- Department of Infectology, Dermatology, Imaging Diagnosis and Radiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Anna Carolina Miola
- Department of Infectology, Dermatology, Imaging Diagnosis and Radiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Hélio Amante Miot
- Department of Infectology, Dermatology, Imaging Diagnosis and Radiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Juliano Vilaverde Schmitt
- Department of Infectology, Dermatology, Imaging Diagnosis and Radiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brazil.
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20
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Aleksic M, Meng X. Protein Haptenation and Its Role in Allergy. Chem Res Toxicol 2024; 37:850-872. [PMID: 38834188 PMCID: PMC11187640 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.4c00062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Humans are exposed to numerous electrophilic chemicals either as medicines, in the workplace, in nature, or through use of many common cosmetic and household products. Covalent modification of human proteins by such chemicals, or protein haptenation, is a common occurrence in cells and may result in generation of antigenic species, leading to development of hypersensitivity reactions. Ranging in severity of symptoms from local cutaneous reactions and rhinitis to potentially life-threatening anaphylaxis and severe hypersensitivity reactions such as Stephen-Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN), all these reactions have the same Molecular Initiating Event (MIE), i.e. haptenation. However, not all individuals who are exposed to electrophilic chemicals develop symptoms of hypersensitivity. In the present review, we examine common chemistry behind the haptenation reactions leading to formation of neoantigens. We explore simple reactions involving single molecule additions to a nucleophilic side chain of proteins and complex reactions involving multiple electrophilic centers on a single molecule or involving more than one electrophilic molecule as well as the generation of reactive molecules from the interaction with cellular detoxification mechanisms. Besides generation of antigenic species and enabling activation of the immune system, we explore additional events which result directly from the presence of electrophilic chemicals in cells, including activation of key defense mechanisms and immediate consequences of those reactions, and explore their potential effects. We discuss the factors that work in concert with haptenation leading to the development of hypersensitivity reactions and those that may act to prevent it from developing. We also review the potential harnessing of the specificity of haptenation in the design of potent covalent therapeutic inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Aleksic
- Safety
and Environmental Assurance Centre, Unilever,
Colworth Science Park, Sharnbrook, Bedford MK44
1LQ, U.K.
| | - Xiaoli Meng
- MRC
Centre for Drug Safety Science, Department of Molecular and Clinical
Pharmacology, The University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GE, U.K.
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21
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Kiratiwongwan R, Boonchai W, Kanokrungsee S. Allergic Contact Dermatitis to Topical Preparations Containing Minoxidil: A Systematic Review and Individual Participant Data Meta-Analysis. Dermatitis 2024. [PMID: 38885151 DOI: 10.1089/derm.2024.0092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Topical minoxidil is generally well tolerated, yet there have been a few reports of allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) confirmed through patch testing. This systematic review and individual participant data meta-analysis sought to elucidate the primary allergens in patients exhibiting ACD in response to topical minoxidil formulations and to ascertain the appropriate testing concentrations and vehicles of minoxidil itself. A comprehensive search was conducted across the PubMed, Scopus, and Embase databases utilizing the keywords "minoxidil" and "contact dermatitis," or "contact allergy," or "contact eczema." Studies documenting ACD in patients using topical minoxidil confirmed by patch testing were deemed eligible. Our analysis included 46 studies encompassing 99 patients with patch-test-confirmed ACD to minoxidil-based topical treatments. The majority of these patients (93.9%) were exposed to minoxidil without additional active components. Minoxidil itself was identified as the primary allergen in 74.7% of the patients, with propylene glycol being the next most common allergen at 17.1%. Other allergens identified included estradiol, butylene glycol, methylchloroisothiazolinone/methylisothiazolinone, canrenone, and latanoprost. The most effective concentration was found to be 2% minoxidil in propylene glycol, which yielded a 100% positivity rate. The findings indicate that minoxidil is the predominant allergen in ACD reactions to its topical formulations, followed by propylene glycol. For the accurate diagnosis of ACD related to minoxidil, patch testing with 2% minoxidil in propylene glycol is recommended, as are separate tests for propylene glycol and other potential allergenic ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rungsima Kiratiwongwan
- From the Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Waranya Boonchai
- From the Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Silada Kanokrungsee
- From the Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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22
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Almutairy BK, Khafagy ES, Aldawsari MF, Alshetaili A, Alotaibi HF, Lila ASA. Spanlastic-laden nanogel as a plausible platform for dermal delivery of bimatoprost with superior cutaneous deposition and hair regrowth efficiency in androgenic alopecia. Int J Pharm X 2024; 7:100240. [PMID: 38577618 PMCID: PMC10992714 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpx.2024.100240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Bimatoprost (BIM) is a prostaglandin F2α analogs originally approved for the treatment of glaucoma and ocular hypertension. Recent studies have highlighted its potential to boost hair growth. The objective of this investigation is to challenge the potential of spanlastics (SLs) as a surfactant-based vesicular system for promoting the cutaneous delivery of BIM for the management of alopecia. BIM-loaded spanlastics (BIM-SLs), composed of Span as the main vesicle component and Tween as the edge activator, were fabricated by ethanol injection method. The formulated BIM-SLs were optimized by 23 full factorial design. The optimized formula (F1) was characterized for entrapment efficiency, surface charge, vesicle size, and drug release after 12 h (Q12h). The optimized formula (F1) exhibited high drug entrapment efficiency (83.1 ± 2.1%), appropriate zeta potential (-19.9 ± 2.1 mV), Q12h of 71.3 ± 5.3%, and a vesicle size of 364.2 ± 15.8 nm, which favored their cutaneous accumulation. In addition, ex-vivo skin deposition studies revealed that entrapping BIM within spanlastic-based nanogel (BIM-SLG) augmented the dermal deposition of BIM, compared to naïve BIM gel. Furthermore, in vivo studies verified the efficacy of spanlastic vesicles to boost the cutaneous accumulation of BIM compared to naive BIM gel; the AUC0-12h of BIM-SLG was 888.05 ± 72.31 μg/mL.h, which was twice as high as that of naïve BIM gel (AUC0-12h 382.86 ± 41.12 μg/mL.h). Intriguingly, BIM-SLG outperforms both naïve BIM gel and commercial minoxidil formulations in stimulating hair regrowth in an androgenetic alopecia mouse model. Collectively, spanlastic vesicles might be a potential platform for promoting the dermal delivery of BIM in managing alopecia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bjad K. Almutairy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - El-Sayed Khafagy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Mohammed F. Aldawsari
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Alshetaili
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hadil Faris Alotaibi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah Bint AbdulRahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amr Selim Abu Lila
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Hail, Hail 81442, Saudi Arabia
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23
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Muhammad A, Saleem S, Khan S, Virdi G, Arshad S, Muhammad S, Younas MT, Saeed A, Khan DS, Ikram A. Comparison of Efficacy of Autologous Platelet Rich Plasma Therapy With 5% Topical Minoxidil Spray in Treating Alopecia Areata: A Head-to-Head Assessment of Novel Approaches. Cureus 2024; 16:e61878. [PMID: 38975521 PMCID: PMC11227731 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.61878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alopecia areata (AA) remains one of the most challenging afflictions encountered in dermatology clinics. It is characterized by an autoimmune-mediated inflammatory process of and around hair follicles, causing reversible, non-scarring hair loss. With the ongoing search for optimal treatment strategies, the potentially positive role of autologous platelet-rich plasma (PRP) therapy as well as minoxidil has been reported in various studies; however, the comparison of the two treatment modalities is largely underexplored. This research aims to compare and assess the effectiveness of intralesional PRP with topical minoxidil therapy in AA to identify efficacious management options amongst the newly described treatment modalities. METHODOLOGY The research work was conducted over four months and included 40 (31 males and 9 females) patients suffering from alopecia areata. They were divided into Group A, which was administered monthly autologous PRP injections, while Group B was given daily topical 5% minoxidil therapy. In group A, four treatments of PRP were given, each one month apart. While in group B, daily topical minoxidil spray was administered for the same duration. The alopecia areata severity grade was recorded by employing the "Severity of Alopecia Tool" (SALT) scoring system. The pre- and post-treatment SALT scores were noted and compared at each monthly visit. RESULTS The study comprised nine (22.5%) female and 31 (77.5%) male patients. At the beginning of the study and after one month of treatment, the difference in the SALT score was not statistically significant between the two groups, suggesting that both interventions had similar effects during the early stages of the treatment. At two months, a statistically significant difference emerged (p-value 0.037), indicating that a more significant fall in the SALT score was observed with autologous PRP treatment compared to topical minoxidil. After four months, a highly significant difference was noted between the two groups (p-value <0.0001), implying that intralesional PRP therapy led to a far more significant decrease in the SALT score compared to topical minoxidil therapy. CONCLUSION Monthly intralesional autologous PRP therapy for four months manifests better outcomes in alopecia areata than daily 5% topical minoxidil therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Shumaila Khan
- Dermatology, Pakistan Academy of Aesthetic Dermatology (PAAD), Islamabad, PAK
| | - Gurnam Virdi
- Dermatology, Academy of Aesthetic Medicine United Kingdom, Birmingham, GBR
| | - Samina Arshad
- Dermatology, Combined Military Hospital, Lahore, PAK
| | - Sohail Muhammad
- Dermatology, Mian Rashid Hussain Shaheed Hospital, Nowshehra, PAK
| | | | - Afshan Saeed
- Dermatology, Pak-Emirates Military Hospital, Rawalpindi, PAK
| | - Deeba S Khan
- Dermatology, Jinnah Memorial Hospital, Rawalpindi, PAK
| | - Ateka Ikram
- Internal Medicine, Pakistan Ordnance Factory (POF) Hospital, Islamabad, PAK
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24
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Zhi J, Li F, Jiang X, Bai R. Thyroid receptor β: A promising target for developing novel anti-androgenetic alopecia drugs. Drug Discov Today 2024; 29:104013. [PMID: 38705510 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2024.104013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) significantly impacts the self-confidence and mental well-being of people. Recent research has revealed that thyroid receptor β (TRβ) agonists can activate hair follicles and effectively stimulate hair growth. This review aims to comprehensively elucidate the specific mechanism of action of TRβ in treating AGA from various perspectives, highlighting its potential as a drug target for combating AGA. Moreover, this review provides a thorough summary of the research advances in TRβ agonist candidates with anti-AGA efficacy and outlines the structure-activity relationships (SARs) of TRβ agonists. We hope that this review will provide practical information for the development of effective anti-alopecia drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Zhi
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, P.R. China; Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-tumor Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, PR China
| | - Feifan Li
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, P.R. China; Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-tumor Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, PR China
| | - Xiaoying Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, P.R. China; Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-tumor Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, PR China.
| | - Renren Bai
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, P.R. China; Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-tumor Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, PR China.
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25
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Xiao C, Zhang GH, Li HQ, Yang PP, Zhang HB, Mu YX. Meta-Analysis of Efficacy of Platelet-Rich Plasma Combined with Minoxidil for Androgenetic Alopecia. Aesthetic Plast Surg 2024:10.1007/s00266-024-04054-6. [PMID: 38789807 DOI: 10.1007/s00266-024-04054-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is a prevalent type of hair loss that impacts individuals of both genders. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and minoxidil have been employed as therapeutic interventions for AGA, yet the efficacy of their concurrent use remains ambiguous. OBJECTIVE To perform a comprehensive review and meta-analysis aimed at evaluating the effectiveness of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) in combination with minoxidil for the treatment of androgenetic alopecia (AGA). METHODS We conducted a comprehensive search of the databases PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library, encompassing their complete records up until December 2023. Eligible studies were randomized controlled trials that compared the combination of PRP and minoxidil with minoxidil or PRP alone in patients with AGA. The primary outcome measure was the change in hair growth as assessed by the hair density or hair thickness. Secondary outcome measures included patient satisfaction, and global photographic assessment. RESULTS A total of 6 studies involving 343 participants were included in this meta-analysis. The results showed that PRP combined with minoxidil significantly improved hair growth compared to minoxidil or PRP alone. The pooled analysis demonstrated a significant increase in hair density (weighted mean difference [WMD] = 9.14; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 6.57-11.70) and hair diameter (WMD = 4.72; 95% CI 3.21-6.23) in the PRP combined with minoxidil group. Moreover, patients receiving PRP combined with minoxidil reported higher satisfaction rates compared to those using minoxidil or PRP alone. CONCLUSIONS This meta-analysis suggests that PRP combined with minoxidil is an effective treatment for AGA, providing significant improvement in hair growth and patient satisfaction. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE III This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Xiao
- Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou City, Shandong Province, China
| | - Guo-Hui Zhang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou City, Shandong Province, China.
| | - Hai-Qi Li
- Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou City, Shandong Province, China
| | - Peng-Peng Yang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou City, Shandong Province, China
| | - Hai-Bo Zhang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou City, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yue-Xiao Mu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou City, Shandong Province, China
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26
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Naeini SE, Bhandari B, Gouron J, Rogers HM, Chagas PS, Naeini GE, Chagas HIS, Khodadadi H, Salles ÉL, Seyyedi M, Yu JC, Grochowska BK, Wang LP, Baban B. Reprofiling synthetic glucocorticoid-induced leucine zipper fusion peptide as a novel and effective hair growth promoter. Arch Dermatol Res 2024; 316:190. [PMID: 38775976 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-024-02988-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Hair is a biofilament with unique multi-dimensional values. In human, in addition to physiologic impacts, hair loss and hair related disorders can affect characteristic features, emotions, and social behaviors. Despite significant advancement, there is a dire need to explore alternative novel therapies with higher efficacy, less side effects and lower cost to promote hair growth to treat hair deficiency. Glucocorticoid-induced leucine zipper (GILZ) is a protein rapidly induced by glucocorticoids. Studies from our group and many others have suggested that a synthetic form of GILZ, TAT-GILZ, a fusion peptide of trans-activator of transcription and GILZ, can function as a potent regulator of inflammatory responses, re-establishing and maintaining the homeostasis. In this study, we investigate whether TAT-GILZ could promote and contribute to hair growth. For our pre-clinical model, we used 9-12 week-old male BALB/c and nude (athymic, nu/J) mice. We applied TAT-GILZ and/or TAT (vehicle) intradermally to depilated/hairless mice. Direct observation, histological examination, and Immunofluorescence imaging were used to assess the effects and compare different treatments. In addition, we tested two current treatment for hair loss/growth, finasteride and minoxidil, for optimal evaluation of TAT-GILZ in a comparative fashion. Our results showed, for the first time, that synthetic TAT-GILZ peptide accelerated hair growth on depilated dorsal skin of BALB/c and induced hair on the skin of athymic mice where hair growth was not expected. In addition, TAT-GILZ was able to enhance hair follicle stem cells and re-established the homeostasis by increasing counter inflammatory signals including higher regulatory T cells and glucocorticoid receptors. In conclusion, our novel findings suggest that reprofiling synthetic TAT-GILZ peptide could promote hair growth by increasing hair follicle stem cells and re-establishing homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Emami Naeini
- DCG Center for Excellence in Research, Scholarship and Innovation (CERSI), Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Bidhan Bhandari
- DCG Center for Excellence in Research, Scholarship and Innovation (CERSI), Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Jules Gouron
- DCG Center for Excellence in Research, Scholarship and Innovation (CERSI), Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Hannah M Rogers
- DCG Center for Excellence in Research, Scholarship and Innovation (CERSI), Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Pablo Shimaoka Chagas
- DCG Center for Excellence in Research, Scholarship and Innovation (CERSI), Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Golnaz Emami Naeini
- DCG Center for Excellence in Research, Scholarship and Innovation (CERSI), Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Henrique Izumi Shimaoka Chagas
- DCG Center for Excellence in Research, Scholarship and Innovation (CERSI), Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Hesam Khodadadi
- Department of Neurology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Évila Lopes Salles
- DCG Center for Excellence in Research, Scholarship and Innovation (CERSI), Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Mohammad Seyyedi
- Piedmont Ear, Nose, Throat and Related Allergy, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jack C Yu
- Department of Surgery, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | | | - Lei P Wang
- DCG Center for Excellence in Research, Scholarship and Innovation (CERSI), Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Babak Baban
- DCG Center for Excellence in Research, Scholarship and Innovation (CERSI), Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA.
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA.
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27
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Jin X, Song X. Autophagy Dysfunction: The Kernel of Hair Loss? Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol 2024; 17:1165-1181. [PMID: 38800357 PMCID: PMC11122274 DOI: 10.2147/ccid.s462294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Autophagy is recognized as a crucial regulatory process, instrumental in the removal of senescent, dysfunctional, and damaged cells. Within the autophagic process, lysosomal digestion plays a critical role in the elimination of impaired organelles, thus preserving fundamental cellular metabolic functions and various biological processes. Mitophagy, a targeted autophagic process that specifically focuses on mitochondria, is essential for sustaining cellular health and energy balance. Therefore, a deep comprehension of the operational mechanisms and implications of autophagy and mitophagy is vital for disease prevention and treatment. In this context, we examine the role of autophagy and mitophagy during hair follicle cycles, closely scrutinizing their potential association with hair loss. We also conduct a thorough review of the regulatory mechanisms behind autophagy and mitophagy, highlighting their interaction with hair follicle stem cells and dermal papilla cells. In conclusion, we investigate the potential of manipulating autophagy and mitophagy pathways to develop innovative therapeutic strategies for hair loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofan Jin
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Department of Dermatology, Hangzhou Third People’s Hospital, Affiliated Hangzhou Dermatology Hospital, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiuzu Song
- Department of Dermatology, Hangzhou Third People’s Hospital, Affiliated Hangzhou Dermatology Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
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28
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Shibato J, Takenoya F, Kimura A, Yamashita M, Hirako S, Rakwal R, Shioda S. DNA Microarray and Bioinformatic Analysis Reveals the Potential of Whale Oil in Enhancing Hair Growth in a C57BL/6 Mice Dorsal Skin Model. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:627. [PMID: 38790256 PMCID: PMC11121295 DOI: 10.3390/genes15050627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Much research has been conducted to determine how hair regeneration is regulated, as this could provide therapeutic, cosmetic, and even psychological interventions for hair loss. The current study focused on the hair growth effect and effective utilization of fatty oil obtained from Bryde's whales through a high-throughput DNA microarray approach in conjunction with immunohistochemical observations. The research also examined the mechanisms and factors involved in hair growth. In an experiment using female C57BL/6J mice, the vehicle control group (VC: propylene glycol: ethanol: water), the positive control group (MXD: 3% minoxidil), and the experimental group (WO: 20% whale oil) were topically applied to the dorsal skin of the mouse. The results showed that 3% MXD and 20% WO were more effective than VC in promoting hair growth, especially 20% WO. Furthermore, in hematoxylin and eosin-stained dorsal skin tissue, an increase in the number of hair follicles and subcutaneous tissue thickness was observed with 20% WO. Whole-genome transcriptome analysis also confirmed increases for 20% WO in filaggrin (Flg), a gene related to skin barrier function; fibroblast growth factor 21 (Fgf21), which is involved in hair follicle development; and cysteine-rich secretory protein 1 (Crisp1), a candidate gene for alopecia areata. Furthermore, the results of KEGG pathway analysis indicated that 20% WO may have lower stress and inflammatory responses than 3% MXD. Therefore, WO is expected to be a safe hair growth agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junko Shibato
- Department of Functional Morphology, Shonan University of Medical Sciences, 16-48 Kamishinano, Totsuka-ku, Yokohama-shi 244-0806, Kanagawa, Japan;
| | - Fumiko Takenoya
- Department of Sport Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku 142-8501, Tokyo, Japan; (F.T.); (A.K.); (M.Y.)
| | - Ai Kimura
- Department of Sport Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku 142-8501, Tokyo, Japan; (F.T.); (A.K.); (M.Y.)
| | - Michio Yamashita
- Department of Sport Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku 142-8501, Tokyo, Japan; (F.T.); (A.K.); (M.Y.)
| | - Satoshi Hirako
- Department of Health and Nutrition, University of Human Arts and Sciences, Saitama-shi 339-8539, Saitama, Japan;
| | - Randeep Rakwal
- Institute of Health and Sport Sciences (TAIIKU), Global Sport Innovation, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba-shi 305-8574, Ibaraki, Japan;
| | - Seiji Shioda
- Department of Functional Morphology, Shonan University of Medical Sciences, 16-48 Kamishinano, Totsuka-ku, Yokohama-shi 244-0806, Kanagawa, Japan;
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29
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Afika N, Saniy AF, Fawwaz D AA, Ko CK, Kamran R, Permana AD. Application of validated UV spectrophotometric and colorimetric method to quantify minoxidil in the development of trilayer dissolving microneedle: Proof of concept in ex vivo and in vivo studies in rats. ANNALES PHARMACEUTIQUES FRANÇAISES 2024; 82:531-544. [PMID: 38135037 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharma.2023.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Alopecia areata (AA) is an autoimmune-induced hair loss condition, by utilizing MNX, a hair growth-promoting compound. However, minoxidil (MNX) administration's efficacy is hindered by low bioavailability and adverse effects. To enhance its delivery, Trilayer Dissolving Microneedles (TDMN) are introduced, enabling controlled drug release. The study's primary was to establish a validated UV-Vis Spectrophotometer method for Minoxidil analysis in rat skin affected by alopecia areata. This method adheres to International Conference Harmonization (ICH) and FDA guidelines, encompassing accuracy, precision, linearity, quantification limit (QL), and detection limit (DL). The validation method was conducted through two approaches, namely UV region validation using PBS and the colorimetric method in the visible region (Vis). The validated approach is then employed for assessing in vitro release, ex vivo permeation, and in vivo pharmacokinetics. Results indicate superior MNX extraction recovery using methanol compared to acetonitrile. Method C (5mL methanol) is optimal, offering high recovery with minimal solvent usage. Precision assessments demonstrate %RSD values within MNX guidelines (≤15%), affirming accuracy and reproducibility. UV-Vis spectroscopy quantifies MNX integration into TDMN, using PVA-PVP, with concentrations aligning with ICH standards (95% to 105%). In conclusion, TDMN holds promise for enhancing MNX delivery, mitigating bioavailability and side effect challenges. The validated UV-Vis Spectrophotometer method effectively analyzes MNX in skin tissues, providing insights into AA treatment and establishing a robust analytical foundation for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Afika
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, 90245 Makassar, Indonesia
| | | | | | | | - Rayu Kamran
- Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, 90245 Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Andi Dian Permana
- Hasanuddin University, Department of Pharmacy, Perintis Kemerdekaan No. 10, 90245 Makassar, Indonesia.
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30
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Westerkam LL, McShane DB, Nieman EL, Morrell DS. Treatment Options for Alopecia Areata in Children and Adolescents. Paediatr Drugs 2024; 26:245-257. [PMID: 38466519 DOI: 10.1007/s40272-024-00620-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Alopecia areata (AA) lifetime incidence is around 2%, with many patients first experiencing symptoms during childhood. However, ritlecitinib is the only FDA-approved treatment for pediatric patients 12 years and older. This review outlines reported topical, injectable, and oral treatment options for pediatric patients with AA. Clinical studies were obtained via a PubMed search using the following search terms: alopecia areata, areata, universalis, or totalis and medication, therapy, treatment, drug, or management. Only studies with pediatric patients were included in this review. Commonly used therapies, including corticosteroids, methotrexate, and minoxidil, newer promising medications, such as Janus kinase inhibitors, and less frequently used topical and systemic treatments are included. A summary of the drug development pipeline and ongoing interventional clinical trials with pediatric patients is provided. Treatments demonstrate variable efficacy, and many patients require combination therapy for maximal response. More robust clinical data is needed for many of the medications reviewed in order to provide better care for these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Diana B McShane
- Department of Dermatology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Elizabeth L Nieman
- Department of Dermatology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Dean S Morrell
- Department of Dermatology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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31
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Park S, Lim YJ, Kim HS, Shin HJ, Kim JS, Lee JN, Lee JH, Bae S. Phloroglucinol Enhances Anagen Signaling and Alleviates H 2O 2-Induced Oxidative Stress in Human Dermal Papilla Cells. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 34:812-827. [PMID: 38480001 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2311.11047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Phloroglucinol (PG) is one of the abundant isomeric benzenetriols in brown algae. Due to its polyphenolic structure, PG exhibits various biological activities. However, the impact of PG on anagen signaling and oxidative stress in human dermal papilla cells (HDPCs) is unknown. In this study, we investigated the therapeutic potential of PG for improving hair loss. A non-cytotoxic concentration of PG increased anagen-inductive genes and transcriptional activities of β-Catenin. Since several anagen-inductive genes are regulated by β-Catenin, further experiments were performed to elucidate the molecular mechanism by which PG upregulates anagen signaling. Various biochemical analyses revealed that PG upregulated β-Catenin signaling without affecting the expression of Wnt. In particular, PG elevated the phosphorylation of protein kinase B (AKT), leading to an increase in the inhibitory phosphorylation of glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK3β) at serine 9. Treatment with the selective phosphoinositide 3-kinase/AKT inhibitor, LY294002, restored the increased AKT/GSK3β/β-Catenin signaling and anagen-inductive proteins induced by PG. Moreover, conditioned medium from PG-treated HDPCs promoted the proliferation and migration of human epidermal keratinocytes via the AKT signaling pathway. Subsequently, we assessed the antioxidant activities of PG. PG ameliorated the elevated oxidative stress markers and improved the decreased anagen signaling in hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced HDPCs. The senescence-associated β-galactosidase staining assay also demonstrated that the antioxidant abilities of PG effectively mitigated H2O2-induced senescence. Overall, these results indicate that PG potentially enhances anagen signaling and improves oxidative stress-induced cellular damage in HDPCs. Therefore, PG can be employed as a novel therapeutic component to ameliorate hair loss symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seokmuk Park
- Department of Cosmetics Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Ye Jin Lim
- Department of Cosmetics Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Su Kim
- Department of Cosmetics Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Jae Shin
- Department of Cosmetics Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Seon Kim
- Department of Cosmetics Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Nam Lee
- Department of Cosmetology, Graduate School of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Ho Lee
- Department of Cosmetics Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunghee Bae
- Department of Cosmetics Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
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Liu X, Kong X, Xu L, Su Y, Xu S, Pang X, Wang R, Ma Y, Tian Q, Han L. Synergistic therapeutic effect of ginsenoside Rg3 modified minoxidil transfersomes (MXD-Rg3@TFs) on androgenic alopecia in C57BL/6 mice. Int J Pharm 2024; 654:123963. [PMID: 38430952 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.123963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Inflammation in hair follicles will reduce the effectiveness of minoxidil (MXD) in the treatment of androgen alopecia (AGA) caused by elevated androgen levels. To target multiple physiological and pathological processes in AGA, a novel natural bioactive compound modified transfersomes (MXD-Rg3@TFs) was prepared to replace cholesterol that may disrupt hair growth, with ginsenosides Rg3 (Rg3) that have anti-inflammatory effects on AGA. The effects of MXD, Rg3 and their combination on AGA were evaluated using dihydrotestosterone (DHT) induced human dermal papilla cells (DPCs), and the results showed that the combination of MXD and Rg3 can significantly promote the proliferation, reduce the level of intracellular ROS and inflammatory factors, and inhibit the aging of DHT induced DPCs. Compared with cholesterol membrane transfersomes (MXD-Ch@TFs), MXD-Rg3@TFs has similar deformability, smaller particle size and better stability. MXD-Rg3@TFs has also significant advantages in shortening telogen phase and prolonging the growth period of hair follicles in C57BL/6 mice than MXD-Ch@TFs and commercial MXD tincture. The prominent ability of MXD-Rg3@TFs to inhibit the conversion of testosterone to DHT and reduce the level of inflammatory factors suggested that Rg3 and MXD in MXD-Rg3@TFs have synergistic effect on AGA therapy. MXD-Ch@TFs with no irritation to C57BL/6 mice skin is expected to reduce the dose of MXD and shorten the treatment time, which would undoubtedly provide a promising therapeutic option for treatment of AGA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaxia Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China; School of Pharmacy & Institute of Materia Medica, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250117, Shandong, China; Medicinal Basic Research Innovation Center of Chronic Kidney Disease, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China; Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Synthesis and Novel Pharmaceutical Preparation Technology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Xia Kong
- School of Pharmacy, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China; Medicinal Basic Research Innovation Center of Chronic Kidney Disease, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China; Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Synthesis and Novel Pharmaceutical Preparation Technology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Li Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China; Medicinal Basic Research Innovation Center of Chronic Kidney Disease, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China; Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Synthesis and Novel Pharmaceutical Preparation Technology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Yonghui Su
- School of Pharmacy, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China; School of Pharmacy & Institute of Materia Medica, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250117, Shandong, China; Medicinal Basic Research Innovation Center of Chronic Kidney Disease, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China; Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Synthesis and Novel Pharmaceutical Preparation Technology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Shanshan Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China; School of Pharmacy & Institute of Materia Medica, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250117, Shandong, China; Medicinal Basic Research Innovation Center of Chronic Kidney Disease, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China; Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Synthesis and Novel Pharmaceutical Preparation Technology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Xiaoya Pang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China; Medicinal Basic Research Innovation Center of Chronic Kidney Disease, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China; Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Synthesis and Novel Pharmaceutical Preparation Technology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Ruifen Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China; School of Pharmacy & Institute of Materia Medica, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250117, Shandong, China; Medicinal Basic Research Innovation Center of Chronic Kidney Disease, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China; Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Synthesis and Novel Pharmaceutical Preparation Technology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Yihan Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China; School of Pharmacy & Institute of Materia Medica, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250117, Shandong, China; Medicinal Basic Research Innovation Center of Chronic Kidney Disease, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China; Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Synthesis and Novel Pharmaceutical Preparation Technology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Qingping Tian
- School of Pharmacy, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China; Medicinal Basic Research Innovation Center of Chronic Kidney Disease, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China; Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Synthesis and Novel Pharmaceutical Preparation Technology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China.
| | - Liwen Han
- School of Pharmacy & Institute of Materia Medica, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250117, Shandong, China.
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He Z, Zhang Y, Liu Z, Guo T, Ai X, He Y, Hou X, Feng N. Synergistic treatment of androgenetic alopecia with follicular co-delivery of minoxidil and cedrol in metal-organic frameworks stabilized by covalently cross-linked cyclodextrins. Int J Pharm 2024; 654:123948. [PMID: 38417724 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.123948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
Androgenetic alopecia seriously affects the physical and mental health of patients. The main clinical therapeutic agent, minoxidil tincture, is challenged by solvent irritation and dose-dependent side effects. Our recent work has identified a biosafety natural product, cedrol, that is synergistic in combination with minoxidil, thereby improving medication safety by substantially reducing the clinical dose of minoxidil. In addition, ccross-linked CD-MOF were designed as carriers for hair follicle delivery, and γ-CD in the carriers was cross-linked by diphenyl carbonate with covalent bonds to protect the CD-MOF from rapid disintegration in an aqueous environment. This improved nanocarrier has a drug loading of 25%, whereas nanocarriers increased drug delivery to the hair follicles through ratchet effect, and increased human dermal papilla cells uptake of drugs via endocytosis pathways mainly mediated by lattice proteins, energy-dependent active transport, and lipid raft-dependent, thus improved cell viability, proliferation, and migration, followed by significantly enhancing the anti-androgenetic alopecia effect, with cedrol focusing on inhibiting 5α-reductase and activating Shh/Gli pathway, and minoxidil, which up-regulated VEGF, down-regulated TGF-β, and activated ERK/AKT pathway. This drug combination provides a new therapeutic strategy for androgenetic alopecia, while the newly developed cross-linked CD-MOF has been shown to serve as a promising follicular delivery vehicle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehui He
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, China
| | - Yongtai Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zhenda Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Teng Guo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xinyi Ai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yuanzhi He
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xiaolin Hou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Nianping Feng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
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Hamed R, Alhadidi HFI. Minoxidil Nanosuspension-Loaded Dissolved Microneedles for Hair Regrowth. AAPS PharmSciTech 2024; 25:75. [PMID: 38580793 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-024-02771-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Minoxidil (MIN) is used topically to treat alopecia. However, its low absorption limits its use, warranting a new strategy to enhance its delivery into skin layers. The objective of this study was to evaluate the dermal delivery of MIN by utilizing dissolved microneedles (MNs) loaded with MIN nanosuspension (MIN-NS) for hair regrowth. MIN-NS was prepared by the solvent-antisolvent precipitation technique. The particle size of MIN-NS was 226.7 ± 9.3 nm with a polydispersity index of 0.29 ± 0.17 and a zeta potential of -29.97 ± 1.23 mV. An optimized formulation of MIN-NS was selected, freeze-dried, and loaded into MNs fabricated with sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (Na CMC) polymeric solutions (MIN-NS-loaded MNs). MNs were evaluated for morphology, dissolution rate, skin insertion, drug content, mechanical properties, ex vivo permeation, in vivo, and stability studies. MNs, prepared with 14% Na CMC, were able to withstand a compression force of 32 N for 30 s, penetrate Parafilm M® sheet at a depth of 374-504 µm, and dissolve completely in the skin within 30 min with MIN %recovery of 95.1 ± 6.5%. The release of MIN from MIN-NS-loaded MNs was controlled for 24 h. MIN-NS-loaded MNs were able to maintain their mechanical properties and chemical stability for 4 weeks, when kept at different storage conditions. The in vivo study of the freeze-dried MIN-NS and MIN-NS-loaded MNs proved hair regrowth on rat skin after 11 and 7 days, respectively. These results showed that MIN-NS-loaded MNs could potentially improve the dermal delivery of MIN through the skin to treat alopecia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rania Hamed
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, P.O. Box 130, Amman, 11733, Jordan.
| | - Hebah F I Alhadidi
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, P.O. Box 130, Amman, 11733, Jordan
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Afzaal H, Waseem T, Saeed A, Noori FA, Obaidullah, Babar MM. Regulatory considerations and intellectual property rights of repurposed drugs. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2024; 205:357-375. [PMID: 38789186 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2024.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Drug repurposing has emerged as a promising approach in the drug discovery and development process as it offers safe and effective therapeutic options in a time effective manner. Though the issues related to pre-clinical and clinical aspects of drug development process are greatly addressed during drug repurposing yet regulatory perspectives gain even more However, like traditional drug development the repurposed drugs face multiple challenges. Such challenges range from the patenting rights, novelty of repurposing, data and market exclusivity to affordability and equitable access to the patient population. In order to optimize the market access of repurposed drugs, regulatory organizations throughout the world have developed accelerated approval procedures. The regulatory bodies have recognized the importance of repurposing approaches and repurposed drugs. Regulatory bodies can encourage the development of repurposed drugs by providing incentives to pharmaceutical companies and more accessible and affordable repurposed agents for the general population. This chapter summarizes the regulatory and ethical considerations pertaining to the repurposed drugs and highlights a few cases of intellectual property rights for repurposed drugs that have helped improve patient's access to safe, efficacious and cost-effective therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Afzaal
- Drug Regulatory Authority of Pakistan, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Tanya Waseem
- Shifa College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shifa Tameer-e-Millat University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Adil Saeed
- Drug Regulatory Authority of Pakistan, Islamabad, Pakistan; Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Fahad Ali Noori
- Shifa College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shifa Tameer-e-Millat University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Obaidullah
- Drug Regulatory Authority of Pakistan, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Mustafeez Mujtaba Babar
- Shifa College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shifa Tameer-e-Millat University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
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Verma KK, Joseph B, Chen H, Friedmann DP, Tarbox M. Uncovering Shortcomings in Advertising Strategies for Over-the-Counter Minoxidil Products on Amazon. Cureus 2024; 16:e58656. [PMID: 38770460 PMCID: PMC11105151 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.58656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The over-the-counter (OTC) market for hair loss products, particularly those containing minoxidil, has significantly expanded due to the increased prevalence of hair loss. Minoxidil, a vasodilator medication, is known for its potential to stimulate hair growth. However, the rise in OTC formulations has led to misleading advertising and marketing, with some companies exaggerating the benefits of their products while minimizing potential adverse effects. Methods A Google Boolean Search was conducted to identify OTC minoxidil products. The topmost non-sponsored search engine result page was used for analysis. Products not containing any dosage of minoxidil were excluded, resulting in nine products. These were individually searched on Amazon and eight were analyzed for any addressed safety information and adverse effects profile. Results The analysis revealed that only two out of eight products (25%) reported safety information, and none of the products (0%) reported any adverse effects. Significant observations were found surrounding the transparency and accuracy of the advertising and marketing of these products. Many companies made bold claims about their products without providing supporting scientific evidence or studies. Furthermore, many of these OTC hair loss brands did not adequately mention and explain the adverse effects of the product. Conclusions The study highlights the need for greater transparency in the marketing of OTC minoxidil products. Companies should provide clear and accessible information about the safety and potential adverse effects of their products. This will empower consumers to make informed decisions and foster trust between the industry and the consumer. Furthermore, the authenticity and accuracy of marketing images should be ensured to avoid giving false hopes to consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kritin K Verma
- School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, USA
| | - Becky Joseph
- School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, USA
| | - Helen Chen
- Dermatology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, USA
| | - Daniel P Friedmann
- Dermatology and Cosmetic Surgery, Westlake Dermatology & Cosmetic Surgery, Austin, USA
| | - Michelle Tarbox
- Dermatology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, USA
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Francès MP, Vila-Vecilla L, Russo V, Caetano Polonini H, de Souza GT. Utilising SNP Association Analysis as a Prospective Approach for Personalising Androgenetic Alopecia Treatment. Dermatol Ther (Heidelb) 2024; 14:971-981. [PMID: 38555553 PMCID: PMC11052732 DOI: 10.1007/s13555-024-01142-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is a prevalent, multifactorial form of hair loss involving complex aetiological factors, such as altered androgen regulation and energy metabolism. Existing treatments offer limited success, thus highlighting the need for advanced, personalised therapeutic strategies. This study focuses on correlating the genetic mechanisms of AGA with molecular targets involved in the response to current treatment modalities. METHODS An anonymised database including 26,607 patients was subjected to analysis. The dataset included information on patients' genotypes in 26 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), specifically, and diagnosed AGA grades, representing a broad range of ethnic backgrounds. RESULTS In our sample, 64.6% of males and 35.4% of females were diagnosed with female pattern hair loss. This distribution aligns well with prior studies, thus validating the representativeness of our dataset. AGA grading was classified using the Hamilton-Norwood and Ludwig scales, although no association was found to the grade of the disease. SNP association analysis revealed eight SNPs, namely rs13283456 (PTGES2), rs523349 (SRD5A2), rs1800012 (COL1A1), rs4343 (ACE), rs10782665 (PTGFR), rs533116 (PTGDR2), rs12724719 (CRABP2) and rs545659 (PTGDR2), to be statistically significant with a p-value below 0.05. CONCLUSIONS The study establishes a preliminary association between eight specific SNPs and AGA. These genetic markers offer insights into the variability of therapeutic responses, thus underlining the importance of personalised treatment approaches. Our findings show the potential for more targeted research to understand these SNPs' and further roles in AGA pathophysiology and in modulating treatment response.
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Kovale L, Lee S, Song M, Lee J, Son HJ, Sung YK, Kwack MH, Choe W, Kang I, Kim SS, Ha J. Gynostemma pentaphyllum Hydrodistillate and Its Major Component Damulin B Promote Hair Growth-Inducing Properties In Vivo and In Vitro via the Wnt/β-Catenin Pathway in Dermal Papilla Cells. Nutrients 2024; 16:985. [PMID: 38613018 PMCID: PMC11013310 DOI: 10.3390/nu16070985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Alopecia, a prevalent yet challenging condition with limited FDA-approved treatments which is accompanied by notable side effects, necessitates the exploration of natural alternatives. This study elucidated the hair growth properties of Gynostemma pentaphyllum leaf hydrodistillate (GPHD) both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, damulin B, a major component of GPHD, demonstrated hair growth-promoting properties in vitro. Beyond its established anti-diabetic, anti-obesity, and anti-inflammatory attributes, GPHD exhibited hair growth induction in mice parallel to minoxidil. Moreover, it upregulated the expression of autocrine factors associated with hair growth, including VEGF, IGF-1, KGF, and HGF. Biochemical assays revealed that minoxidil, GPHD, and damulin B induced hair growth via the Wnt/β-catenin pathway through AKT signaling, aligning with in vivo experiments demonstrating improved expression of growth factors. These findings suggest that GPHD and damulin B contribute to the hair growth-inducing properties of dermal papilla cells through the AKT/β-catenin signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lochana Kovale
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; (L.K.); (S.L.); (M.S.); (H.J.S.); (W.C.); (I.K.); (S.S.K.)
| | - Seoyeon Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; (L.K.); (S.L.); (M.S.); (H.J.S.); (W.C.); (I.K.); (S.S.K.)
| | - Minhyeok Song
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; (L.K.); (S.L.); (M.S.); (H.J.S.); (W.C.); (I.K.); (S.S.K.)
| | - Jihyun Lee
- Easy Hydrogen Corporation, Jeju City 63196, Republic of Korea;
| | - Hyeong Jig Son
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; (L.K.); (S.L.); (M.S.); (H.J.S.); (W.C.); (I.K.); (S.S.K.)
| | - Young Kwan Sung
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea; (Y.K.S.); (M.H.K.)
| | - Mi Hee Kwack
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea; (Y.K.S.); (M.H.K.)
| | - Wonchae Choe
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; (L.K.); (S.L.); (M.S.); (H.J.S.); (W.C.); (I.K.); (S.S.K.)
| | - Insug Kang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; (L.K.); (S.L.); (M.S.); (H.J.S.); (W.C.); (I.K.); (S.S.K.)
| | - Sung Soo Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; (L.K.); (S.L.); (M.S.); (H.J.S.); (W.C.); (I.K.); (S.S.K.)
| | - Joohun Ha
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; (L.K.); (S.L.); (M.S.); (H.J.S.); (W.C.); (I.K.); (S.S.K.)
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Alhayaza G, Hakami A, AlMarzouk LH, Al Qurashi AA, Alghamdi G, Alharithy R. Topical minoxidil reported hair discoloration: a cross-sectional study. Dermatol Reports 2024; 16:9745. [PMID: 38623369 PMCID: PMC11017712 DOI: 10.4081/dr.2023.9745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Minoxidil is a widely utilized medication androgenic alopecia. An original investigation on its potential to cause hair darkening in treated people is lacking. We conducted an observational study using two face-validated questionnaires that dermatologists altered to assess minoxidil's hair discolouration risk. This Saudi Arabian survey collected data in October and November 2022. One questionnaire targeted the population, while the other targeted dermatologists. Survey 1 included 453 patients, 56.7% of whom were 18-24 and mostly female. It's interesting that 26% (n=118) detected hair greying and 14.8% (n=67) noticed other color changes. With P-values of 0.0001, longer-term minoxidil users and those with a family history of hair greying had higher hair discolouration. Dermatologists completed Survey 2 (57 participants). Nearly 60% of dermatologists have ten years of experience. 42.1% of dermatologists saw grey hair after minoxidil use. 17.5% of doctors blame minoxidil for hair graying. This observational study examined the data of over 400 patients to determine if minoxidil could cause hair discoloration. Based on the data, we hypothesize that this drug may cause hair discoloration with prolonged use and in people with a family history of hair greying.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghada Alhayaza
- Department of Dermatology and Dermatologic Surgery, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh
| | - Alanoud Hakami
- Department of Dermatology, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh
| | | | - Abdullah A. Al Qurashi
- College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz for Health Sciences
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre, National Guard Health Affairs
| | | | - Ruaa Alharithy
- College of Medicine, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh
- Department of Dermatology, Security Forces Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Cui F, Wulan T, Zhang Q, Zhang VW, Jiang Y. Identification of a novel KCNT2 variant in a family with developmental and epileptic encephalopathies: a case report and literature review. Front Genet 2024; 15:1371282. [PMID: 38510274 PMCID: PMC10951377 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2024.1371282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Developmental and epileptic encephalopathies (DEEs) are a group of heterogeneous neurodevelopmental diseases characterized mainly by developmental delay/intellectual disability and early-onset epilepsy. Researchers have identified variations in the KCNT2 gene (OMIM* 610044) as the cause of DEE type 57 (MIM# 617771). Case presentation: We report in this study a 46-year-old woman who presented with early-onset epilepsy, intellectual disability, hypertrichosis, coarse facial features, and short stature. Besides, there were four other affected individuals in her family history, including two elder brothers, a younger brother, and their mother. We collected blood samples from the proband, her two affected brothers, and her clinically normal daughter for genetic analysis. Clinical exome sequencing revealed a novel heterozygous variant in the KCNT2 gene (NM_198503: c.188G>A, p.Arg63His) in the proband and her two affected brothers, while her daughter did not carry this variant. Furthermore, we reviewed all 25 patients identified in the literature with KCNT2 variants and compared their phenotypes. Conclusion: Epilepsy and intellectual disability/developmental delay occur in almost all patients with KCNT2 variants. KCNT2-relevant DEEs partially overlap with the clinical phenotypes of KATP channel diseases, particularly in hypertrichosis and distinctive coarse facial features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengji Cui
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Chifeng Maternity Hospital, Chifeng, China
| | - Tuoya Wulan
- Department of Reproduction, Chifeng Maternity Hospital, Chifeng, China
| | | | | | - Yuhua Jiang
- Department of Obstetrics, Chifeng Maternity Hospital, Chifeng, China
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Bader N, Abu Ammar A. Incorporating surfactants into PCL microneedles for sustained release of a hydrophilic model drug. Int J Pharm 2024; 652:123826. [PMID: 38253267 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.123826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Polymeric microneedles (MNs) are widely used for sustained drug release due to their distinct advantages over other types of MNs. Poly-ε-caprolactone (PCL) stands out as a biodegradable and biocompatible hydrophobic polymer commonly employed in drug delivery applications. This study explores the impact of surfactants on the encapsulation and release rate of a model hydrophilic drug, minoxidil (MXD), from PCL MNs. Three nonionic surfactants, Tween 80, Span 60, and polyethylene glycol (PEG), were integrated into PCL MNs at varying concentrations. Compared to the other types of surfactants, PEG-containing PCL MNs exhibit enhanced insertion capabilities into a skin-simulant parafilm model and increased mechanical strength, suggesting facile penetration into the stratum corneum. Furthermore, MXD-PEG MNs show the highest encapsulation efficiency and are further characterized using FTIR, DSC and XRD. Their mechanical strength against different static forces was measured. The MNs exhibit a sustained release pattern over 20 days. Eventually, MXD-PEG MNs were subjected to penetration testing using chicken skin and required minimal insertion forces with no observed MN failure during experimentation even after compression with the maximum force applied (32 N per patch). Taken together, the present work demonstrates the feasibility of incorporating nonionic surfactants like PEG into the tips of hydrophobic PCL MNs for sustained delivery of a model hydrophilic drug. This formulation strategy can be used to improve patient compliance by allowing self-administration and achieving prolonged drug release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadeen Bader
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Azrieli College of Engineering Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9103501, Israel
| | - Aiman Abu Ammar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Azrieli College of Engineering Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9103501, Israel.
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Aslam S, Awan AZ, Iqbal MM, Saeed S, Saeed M, Liaqat Z, Dar SA, Ali S, Asif MA, Mehmood Qadri H. Comparison of Efficacy of Topical Betamethasone Dipropionate and Topical Minoxidil in Patients With Alopecia Areata. Cureus 2024; 16:e56282. [PMID: 38623137 PMCID: PMC11018260 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.56282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and objective Alopecia areata (AA) is a reiterative and nonscarring type of hair loss that can affect any hairy area of the body, particularly the scalp. It manifests as patchy or confluent hair loss with variations in demographics and ethnicity. There are numerous treatment options available, including topical and systemic steroids, topical minoxidil, dithranol, tacrolimus, psoralen and ultraviolet therapy (PUVA), contact immunotherapy, and oral immunosuppressive drugs. However, no previous contrast for efficacy is present between the topical betamethasone versus topical minoxidil alone in our population. This study aims to compare the efficacy of topical betamethasone dipropionate versus topical minoxidil in patients with AA. Methodology A nonrandomized controlled study was conducted at the Department of Dermatology, Jinnah Hospital Lahore, incorporating the data of patients between July 26, 2016, and January 26, 2017, after obtaining institutional ethical approval. One hundred patients with alopecia, either on the scalp or any other hairy part, from both genders, aged between 18 and 50 years, were included in the study. Two groups were created, and patients were assigned to these groups based on the clinician's choice. Group A patients were administered betamethasone dipropionate (0.05%) lotion twice daily on affected areas for 12 weeks. Group B patients were administered minoxidil (5%) solution twice daily on affected areas for 12 weeks. A four-week follow-up plan was followed. A five-point scale score system was used for alopecia grading. After 12 weeks, the hair regrowth score (RGS) was used to compare the efficacy of treatment between the two groups. Results A total of 100 patients with grades S1 to S3 AA of less than three months duration were enrolled. Two groups were created, with 50 patients in each group. The mean age in Group A was 29.08 ± 6.51 years, while in Group B, it was 29.38 ± 6.62 years. In Group A, there were 76% males and 24% females, while in Group B, there were 74% males and 26% females. Comparison of efficacy of topical betamethasone dipropionate versus topical minoxidil in patients with AA demonstrated a greater efficacy of 74% (Grade 3 and Grade 4 responses) in Group A, while in Group B, only 42% of patients showed efficacy. A statistically significant difference was found, with a P-value of 0.001. No serious side effects were noted. Conclusions Our study concluded that topical betamethasone dipropionate (0.05%) lotion has statistically significantly higher efficacy compared to topical minoxidil (5%) solution in patients with AA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana Aslam
- Dermatology, Jinnah Hospital, Lahore, PAK
| | | | | | - Saira Saeed
- Medicine, University Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, GBR
| | | | | | | | - Salamat Ali
- Medicine, Aziz Bhatti Shaheed Teaching Hospital, Gujrat, PAK
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Singh R, Kumar P, Kumar D, Aggarwal N, Chopra H, Kumar V. Alopecia areata: review of epidemiology, pathophysiology, current treatments and nanoparticulate delivery system. Ther Deliv 2024; 15:193-210. [PMID: 38449420 DOI: 10.4155/tde-2023-0071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Alopecia areata (AA) is a kind of alopecia that affects hair follicles and nails. It typically comes with round patches and is a type of nonscarring hair loss. Various therapies are accessible for the management and treatment of AA, including topical, systemic and injectable modalities. It is a very complex type of autoimmune disease and is identified as round patches of hair loss and may occur at any age. This review paper highlights the epidemiology, clinical features, pathogenesis and new treatment options for AA, with a specific emphasis on nanoparticulate drug-delivery systems. By exploring these innovative treatment approaches, researchers aim to enhance the effectiveness and targeted delivery of therapeutic agents, ultimately improving outcomes for individuals living with AA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robel Singh
- College of Pharmacy, PGIMS, Pt B D Sharma, University of Health Sciences-Rohtak, 124001, India
| | - Pawan Kumar
- Indian Pharmacopoeia Commision, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Govt. of India
| | - Davinder Kumar
- College of Pharmacy, PGIMS, Pt B D Sharma, University of Health Sciences-Rohtak, 124001, India
| | - Navidha Aggarwal
- MM College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana, Ambala, 133207, India
| | - Hitesh Chopra
- Department of Biosciences, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical & Technical Sciences, Chennai, 602105, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Virender Kumar
- College of Pharmacy, PGIMS, Pt B D Sharma, University of Health Sciences-Rohtak, 124001, India
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Lamberg O, Abdel-Mageed S, Olsen E, Guerrero G, Helfrich YR, Mervak JE. Patient perspectives on topical minoxidil for hair loss: a survey-based study from the University of Michigan Alopecia Clinic. Arch Dermatol Res 2024; 316:92. [PMID: 38400906 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-024-02820-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
Topical minoxidil is a widely used therapy for alopecia. Its availability over the counter in the United States makes it easily accessible. Various factors impact whether an individual decides to pursue treatment and/or continue long-term use. Our study aimed to investigate patient awareness, opinions, and hesitations regarding topical minoxidil use for hair loss treatment. The study also aimed to identify information sources influencing these viewpoints. A survey was administered to new patients seeking evaluation for alopecia aged 18 and above at the University of Michigan Alopecia Clinic. Data collection occurred between August 2022 and August 2023. Demographics, patient-reported hair loss diagnosis, history of minoxidil use, opinions on minoxidil, influential information sources, and concerns about minoxidil were collected. A total of 47 surveys were completed, primarily by females (78.7%) ages 18-40 years (44.7%). Respondents were aware of minoxidil (97.9%), with 63.8% reporting they had heard of minoxidil, but had not used it. Medical professionals were the most influential information source (34%), followed by close contacts (17%), internet searches (10.6%), and television (10.6%). Overall, positive opinions on minoxidil were expressed by 51.1%, negative opinions by 31.9%, and neutral opinions by 17%. Most common concerns included the need for continuous use (46.8%), required regular application (31.9%), skepticism about hair regrowth (29.8%), and expense (25.5%). Addressing personalized concerns and tailoring communication based on hair loss type and information sources may lead to more informed decisions and improved adherence. Gauging the opinions of this population provides valuable insights, aiding dermatologists in patient education and counseling strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Lamberg
- University of Michigan Medical School, 1301 Catherine St, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
| | - Sarah Abdel-Mageed
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Ascension St. Vincent Hospital Graduate Medical Education, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Eric Olsen
- University of Michigan Medical School, 1301 Catherine St, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Wellstar Health System, Kennestone Hospital Graduate Medical Education, Marietta, GA, USA
| | - Giselle Guerrero
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Yolanda R Helfrich
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Julie E Mervak
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Shokravi A, Zargham H. Facial hair enhancement with minoxidil-an off-label use. SAGE Open Med Case Rep 2024; 12:2050313X241231490. [PMID: 38404498 PMCID: PMC10894539 DOI: 10.1177/2050313x241231490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Minoxidil was first introduced in the 1970s as an anti-hypertensive medication. Hypertrichosis and scalp hair regrowth were noted by users, and the topical formulation of minoxidil was later approved by the Food and Drug Administration for androgenic alopecia and female pattern hair loss. Since then, minoxidil has been used off-label for various hair loss conditions and cosmetic outcomes. There are a multitude of informal reports on online communities presenting personal anecdotes regarding minoxidil's effectiveness as a facial hair enhancement tool; however, this has been seldom discussed in the literature. In this report, we will present a case of identical twin males, one of which used topical 5% minoxidil for over a year on the beard and mustache area, while the other abstained from using the medication.
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Rossi A, Caro G. Efficacy of the association of topical minoxidil and topical finasteride compared to their use in monotherapy in men with androgenetic alopecia: A prospective, randomized, controlled, assessor blinded, 3-arm, pilot trial. J Cosmet Dermatol 2024; 23:502-509. [PMID: 37798906 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.15953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Topical minoxidil (MNX) 2%-5% and oral finasteride (F) 1 mg/day are the only two pharmacological treatments authorized for androgenetic alopecia (AGA). Recently, a 2.2 mg/mL topical formulation of F was developed to minimize the systemic adverse effects associated with the oral formula. MNX and F act through different mechanisms; therefore, their association could improve clinical efficacy. To evaluate the efficacy of the association of 5% MNX and 0.25% topical F compared to their use in monotherapy, a 6-month, prospective, randomized, assessor-blinded trial was conducted. PATIENTS AND METHODS Forty-two males, mean age 24 ± 3 years, with AGA (I-VII of Norwood-Hamilton Grading Scale), treatment naive or free from any therapy for at least 6 months, were enrolled and randomly assigned to three arm treatment groups (2:1:1): group A (n = 19, the subjects applied 5% MNX in the morning and F spray in the evening), group B (n = 12, the subjects applied F spray in the evening), and group C (n = 11, the subjects applied 5% MNX twice daily). The efficacy of treatments was evaluated at baseline and after 3 and 6 months using a global photography score (GPAS; from -3 to +3) and trichoscopy evaluation and assessed by an investigator unaware of treatment allocation. At baseline and after treatments, the serum levels of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S), and testosterone were also evaluated. RESULTS All treatments resulted in an increase in hair density compared to baseline. However, this improvement was significant only for group A (MNX + F), both at three (+56 density/cm2 , p < 0.05) and six (+81 density/cm2 , p < 0.001) months. The mean change from baseline in hair density was higher for group A compared to other groups and statistically different compared to group B (F) (p < 0.01), both after 3 and 6 months. Group A showed a global photographic assessment score (GPAS) significantly higher compared to group B (p < 0.001) and group C (p < 0.05) both at 3 and 6 months (2.0 ± 0.7 vs. 0.6 ± 0.8 and 1.3 ± 0.6; respectively). A significantly greater percentage of subjects in Group A achieved a GPAS score of ≥2 in comparison with Groups B and C both after 3 and 6 months (79% vs. 8% and 41%, respectively). No significant differences were observed in mean hair diameter and hormonal levels between the three groups. Good tolerability was observed in all treated groups. CONCLUSION The association of 5% MNX lotion and 0.25% F in spray formulation in patients with AGA showed a significantly higher clinical and instrumental efficacy compared to the monotherapies, with comparable tolerability and safety profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Rossi
- Dermatologic Clinic Policlinico Umberto 1, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Gemma Caro
- Dermatologic Clinic Policlinico Umberto 1, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Gupta AK, Talukder M, Shemer A. Efficacy and safety of low-dose oral minoxidil in the management of androgenetic alopecia. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2024; 25:139-147. [PMID: 38315101 DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2024.2314087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Treating alopecia can be challenging. The available treatments are topical minoxidil, low-dose oral minoxidil (LDOM), and 5-α reductase inhibitors like finasteride and dutasteride. Only topical minoxidil and finasteride 1 mg daily are FDA-approved, while the rest are used off-label. Recent research has suggested that oral minoxidil may be a safe and effective treatment for both female androgenetic alopecia (female AGA) and male androgenetic alopecia (male AGA). AREAS COVERED In this review, we explore the pharmacokinetics, mechanism of action, safety, and efficacy of oral minoxidil. Additionally, we discuss its effectiveness compared to other treatments available for female AGA and male AGA. EXPERT OPINION LDOM has demonstrated a favorable efficacy and safety profile in several trials. Subsequently, its use for the treatment of male AGA and female AGA is increasing. However, its use remains off-label, and through increased usage, we will get a better idea of the best dosage and monitoring guidelines. LDOM has also been used with some effectiveness in other forms of hair loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditya K Gupta
- Mediprobe Research Inc, London, ON, Canada
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Mesbah Talukder
- Mediprobe Research Inc, London, ON, Canada
- School of Pharmacy, BRAC University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Avner Shemer
- Department of Dermatology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat-Gan, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Kumar P, Sheokand D, Grewal A, Saini V, Kumar A. Clinical side-effects based drug repositioning for anti-epileptic activity. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024; 42:1443-1454. [PMID: 37042987 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2199874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
Several generations of anti-epileptic drugs (AEDs) are available but have several associated side effects apart from a limited success rate. Drug repositioning strategies have gained importance in the last two decades owing to lower failure rates and economic burden. Drugs with similar side effect profiles may share a common mechanism of action and thus can be linked to other disease treatments. The present study was carried out to identify the newly approved drug candidate(s) as AEDs using clinical side-effects drug repositioning strategy. The clinical side effect similarity of drugs available in the SIDER v4.1 database was estimated against common side effects of 5 major marketed AEDs, using the 'dplyr' package library in the R. Further drugs were filtered based on Blood Brain Barrier permeability prediction and FDA-approval status. Molecular docking studies were performed for selected 26 hits (drugs) against previously identified epilepsy target receptors: Voltage-gated sodium channel α2 (Nav1.2), GABA receptor α1-β1 (GABAr α1-β1), and Voltage-gated calcium channel α-1 G (Cav3.1). Only 2 drugs (Ziprasidone and Paroxetine) showed better binding affinities against studied epilepsy receptors Nav1.2, GABAr α1-β1, and Cav3.1, than their corresponding standard AEDs, i.e. Carbamazepine, Clonazepam, and Pregabalin, respectively. Ziprasidone reportedly showed seizure-like symptoms in ∼3% of patients and was hence omitted from further study. The MDS study of docked complexes of Paroxetine with selected epilepsy target receptors showed stable RMSD values and better interaction energies. The study reveals Paroxetine as a potential candidate to be repurposed for 1st line epileptic seizure medication.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pawan Kumar
- Toxicology and Computational Biology Group, Centre for Bioinformatics, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, India
| | - Deepak Sheokand
- Toxicology and Computational Biology Group, Centre for Bioinformatics, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, India
| | - Annu Grewal
- Toxicology and Computational Biology Group, Centre for Bioinformatics, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, India
| | - Vandana Saini
- Toxicology and Computational Biology Group, Centre for Bioinformatics, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, India
| | - Ajit Kumar
- Toxicology and Computational Biology Group, Centre for Bioinformatics, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, India
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Li J, Ge R, Lin K, Wang J, He Y, Lu H, Dong H. Advances in the Application of Microneedles in the Treatment of Local Organ Diseases. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2306222. [PMID: 37786290 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202306222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, microneedles (MNs) have attracted a lot of attention due to their microscale sizes and high surface area (500-1000 µm in length), allowing pain-free and efficient drug delivery through the skin. In addition to the great success of MNs based transdermal drug delivery, especially for skin diseases, increasing studies have indicated the expansion of MNs to diverse nontransdermal applications, including the delivery of therapeutics for hair loss, ocular diseases, and oral mucosal. Here, the current treatment of hair loss, eye diseases, and oral disease is discussed and an overview of recent advances in the application of MNs is provided for these three noncutaneous localized organ diseases. Particular emphasis is laid on the future trend of MNs technology development and future challenges of expanding the generalizability of MNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinze Li
- Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Nano-Biosensing Technology, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Guangdong, 518060, China
| | - Rujiao Ge
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, Research Center for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Kai Lin
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Guangdong, 518060, China
| | - Junren Wang
- Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Nano-Biosensing Technology, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Guangdong, 518060, China
| | - Yu He
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QT, UK
| | - Huiting Lu
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Haifeng Dong
- Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Nano-Biosensing Technology, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Guangdong, 518060, China
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Liu X, Lv X, Ji T, Hu H, Chang L. Gynostemma pentaphyllum Makino extract induces hair growth and exhibits an anti-graying effect via multiple mechanisms. J Cosmet Dermatol 2024; 23:648-657. [PMID: 37649302 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.15963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In traditional Asian medicine, Gynostemma pentaphyllum Makino leaf extract (Gp) is used to treat aging, metabolic syndrome, diabetes, and neurodegenerative diseases. Hair loss and hair-graying are common phenomena that haunt everyone. However, whether Gp activities on inhibition of hair loss and getting gray have been rarely studied. AIM Study the Gp activity and mechanism by in vivo and in vitro experiments to explore its application on hair health. METHODS In the present study, we determined the effects of Gp on the expression of hair growth-related genes and proliferation of human dermal papilla cells (hDPCs). Furthermore, Gp was topically applied to the hair-shaved skin of male C57BL/6 mice, and the histological profile of the skin was studied. Because emotional stress may lead to melanocyte disappearance, norepinephrine-exposed mice B16 melanocytes were treated with Gp to elucidate the anti-hair graying capacity of Gp in response to this stress type. RESULTS Gp stimulated the proliferation of hDPCs and the Wnt signaling pathways associated with hair growth; furthermore, the expression of the hair loss-related gene transforming growth factor-β1 was suppressed. Gp treatment significantly increased the size of hair follicles in the treated mice and stimulated them. Moreover, Gp not only increased melanin synthesis but also tyrosinase activity in B16 cells. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction revealed that Gp increased melanin synthesis by increasing the expression of tyrosine-related protein-1, tyrosine-related protein-2, tyrosinase, and microphthalmia-associated transcription factor. CONCLUSION Our study provides preclinical evidence regarding the potential of Gp as a promising hair growth and anti-graying agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojin Liu
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Enzymology and Mechanism of Major Diseases, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of the Conservation and Exploitation of Biological Resources, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China
| | - Xiaobing Lv
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Enzymology and Mechanism of Major Diseases, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of the Conservation and Exploitation of Biological Resources, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China
| | - Tiancheng Ji
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Enzymology and Mechanism of Major Diseases, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of the Conservation and Exploitation of Biological Resources, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China
| | - Haoya Hu
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Enzymology and Mechanism of Major Diseases, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of the Conservation and Exploitation of Biological Resources, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China
| | - Lei Chang
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Enzymology and Mechanism of Major Diseases, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of the Conservation and Exploitation of Biological Resources, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China
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