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Roy A. Association Between Body Mass Index and Cognitive Function Among Older Adults in India: Findings from a Cross-Sectional Study. Exp Aging Res 2024; 50:102-116. [PMID: 36701477 DOI: 10.1080/0361073x.2023.2171686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The study aimed to explore the association between body mass index (BMI) and cognitive function among older adults in India. METHODS Cross-sectional data on 21,000 older adults aged 60 years and older from the first wave of the Longitudinal Ageing Study of India (LASI), conducted in India during 2017-18, were used. Bivariate analysis and multivariate linear regression models were applied. The cognition tests include memory, orientation, arithmetic function, executive function, and object naming. RESULTS The mean overall cognition score was 24.6 in the study population. Further, BMI status showed a significant and positive association with cognition. The association of underweight with poor cognition (β=-0.72; 95% CI = -0.89, -0.54) whereas overweight (β = 0.57; 95% CI = 0.39, 0.75) and obese (β = 0.97; 95% CI = 0.68, 1.26) with better cognition remained statistically significant after adjusting for sociodemographic, health-related behavior, and health covariates. The mean cognition score of female older adults was always lower than male older adults with normal BMI, irrespective of their BMI categories. CONCLUSIONS This study shows that an underweight BMI is associated with poor cognition in both male and female older adults. In the context of providing health care for older individuals, underweight individuals should be given more attention in India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alok Roy
- Department of Geography, Krishnagar Govt. College, Krishnanagar, WB, India
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Liu Q, Liao X, Pan Y, Xiang X, Zhang Y. The Obesity Paradox: Effect of Body Mass Index and Waist Circumference on Post-Stroke Cognitive Impairment. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2023; 16:2457-2467. [PMID: 37605774 PMCID: PMC10440092 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s420824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Obesity is a risk factor for dementia within the old population however not within the middle-aged population, that is referred to the "obesity paradox". This study explored the association of body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) with post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI) in middle-aged (40-65 years) versus old population (≥ 65 years). Methods The current study enrolled 1735 individuals over the age of 40 who had their first ischemic stroke from the Impairment of Cognition and Sleep (ICONS) subgroup of the China National Stroke Registry-3 (CNSR-3). BMI and WC were used for the diagnosis of obesity and central obesity, respectively. PSCI was diagnosed according to the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). The main clinical outcome was the incidence of PSCI assessed at three months after stroke. Multivariable regression analysis was performed to evaluate the association between obesity and three-month PSCI. Stratified analysis was also performed to explore the effect of age on the relationship between obesity and PSCI. Results In the general population, multivariable logistic regression found that the adjusted odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) of general obesity was 1.45 (1.06-1.98) and that of central obesity was 1.54 (1.24-1.91) for the three-month incidence of PSCI. Stratified analysis by age showed that the adjusted OR with a 95% CI of general obesity was 1.84 (1.24-2.72) in middle-aged patients and 0.89 (0.52-1.54) in elderly patients (p-value for interaction = 0.05). Central obesity was associated with PSCI in all age groups: 1.57 (1.18-2.09) in middle-aged patients and 1.52 (1.08-2.15) in elderly patients (p-value for interaction= 0.93). Conclusion General obesity was related to an increased risk of PSCI in middle-aged but not elderly patients, whereas central obesity was associated with an increased risk of PSCI in all age groups, suggesting that the obesity paradox arises only obesity is outlined by BMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Liu
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoling Liao
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuesong Pan
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xianglong Xiang
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yumei Zhang
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
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Merra G, Covino M, Piccioni A, Candelli M, Ojetti V, Gasbarrini A, Franceschi F. Feed the Eye to Heal the Eye. J Curr Ophthalmol 2023; 35:209-215. [PMID: 38681695 PMCID: PMC11047812 DOI: 10.4103/joco.joco_94_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Merra
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Marcello Covino
- Department of Emergency, Catholic Univeristy of Sacred Heart, “A. Gemelli” General Hospital – IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Piccioni
- Department of Emergency, Catholic Univeristy of Sacred Heart, “A. Gemelli” General Hospital – IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Marcello Candelli
- Department of Emergency, Catholic Univeristy of Sacred Heart, “A. Gemelli” General Hospital – IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Veronica Ojetti
- Department of Emergency, Catholic Univeristy of Sacred Heart, “A. Gemelli” General Hospital – IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Gasbarrini
- Department of Internal Medicine, Catholic Univeristy of Sacred Heart, “A. Gemelli” General Hospital – IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Franceschi
- Department of Emergency, Catholic Univeristy of Sacred Heart, “A. Gemelli” General Hospital – IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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Cai Y, Liu P, Zhou X, Yuan J, Chen Q. Probiotics therapy show significant improvement in obesity and neurobehavioral disorders symptoms. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1178399. [PMID: 37249983 PMCID: PMC10213414 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1178399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a complex metabolic disease, with cognitive impairment being an essential complication. Gut microbiota differs markedly between individuals with and without obesity. The microbial-gut-brain axis is an important pathway through which metabolic factors, such as obesity, affect the brain. Probiotics have been shown to alleviate symptoms associated with obesity and neurobehavioral disorders. In this review, we evaluated previously published studies on the effectiveness of probiotic interventions in reducing cognitive impairment, depression, and anxiety associated with obesity or a high-fat diet. Most of the probiotics studied have beneficial health effects on obesity-induced cognitive impairment and anxiety. They positively affect immune regulation, the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, hippocampal function, intestinal mucosa protection, and glucolipid metabolism regulation. Probiotics can influence changes in the composition of the gut microbiota and the ratio between various flora. However, probiotics should be used with caution, particularly in healthy individuals. Future research should further explore the mechanisms underlying the gut-brain axis, obesity, and cognitive function while overcoming the significant variation in study design and high risk of bias in the current evidence.
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Grapsa I, Mamalaki E, Ntanasi E, Kosmidis MH, Dardiotis E, Hadjigeorgiou GM, Sakka P, Scarmeas N, Yannakoulia M. Longitudinal Examination of Body Mass Index and Cognitive Function in Older Adults: The HELIAD Study. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15071795. [PMID: 37049637 PMCID: PMC10096583 DOI: 10.3390/nu15071795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Given the increase in the aging population and thus in the prevalence of dementia, the identification of protective factors against cognitive decline is necessary. In a cohort of 1076 non-demented adults ≥ 65 years old (59.7% women) from the HELIAD study, we assessed whether changes in body mass index (BMI) were associated with changes in cognition over a 3-year follow-up period separately for those ≤ 75 and >75 years old. We identified six BMI trajectory groups based on participants' BMI status at baseline and at the first follow-up visit; normal to normal BMI was the reference group. Major cognitive domains were evaluated, and a composite index reflecting global cognition was calculated. In participants aged ≤75 years, weight loss-moving from obesity to overweight or normal BMI-was associated with less decline in the memory composite score over time (β = 0.141; p = 0.035), while 3-year maintenance of a BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 was related to greater reduction in the visuospatial composite score over time (β = -0.093; p = 0.020). Regarding participants aged >75 years, 3-year maintenance of a BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 contributed to a slower rate of decline in the memory composite score over time (β = 0.102; p = 0.042), whereas weight loss-from overweight to normal BMI-was associated with a decreased attention/processing speed composite score longitudinally (β = -0.275; p = 0.043). Our findings indicated that the association between changes in BMI and cognitive functioning was modified by age. Weight management may have the potential to delay cognitive decline in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismini Grapsa
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University of Athens, 17671 Athens, Greece
| | - Eirini Mamalaki
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University of Athens, 17671 Athens, Greece
- 1st Department of Neurology, Eginition Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece
| | - Eva Ntanasi
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University of Athens, 17671 Athens, Greece
- 1st Department of Neurology, Eginition Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece
| | - Mary H Kosmidis
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, School of Psychology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Efthimios Dardiotis
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, 41500 Larissa, Greece
| | | | - Paraskevi Sakka
- Athens Association of Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders, 11636 Maroussi, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Scarmeas
- 1st Department of Neurology, Eginition Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, The Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Mary Yannakoulia
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University of Athens, 17671 Athens, Greece
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Al Akl NS, Haoudi EN, Bensmail H, Arredouani A. The triglyceride glucose-waist-to-height ratio outperforms obesity and other triglyceride-related parameters in detecting prediabetes in normal-weight Qatari adults: A cross-sectional study. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1086771. [PMID: 37089491 PMCID: PMC10117653 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1086771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023] Open
Abstract
IntroductionThe triglyceride-glucose (TyG)-driven indices, incorporating obesity indices, have been proposed as reliable markers of insulin resistance and related comorbidities such as diabetes. This study evaluated the effectiveness of these indices in detecting prediabetes in normal-weight individuals from a Middle Eastern population.MethodsUsing the data of 5,996 adult Qatari participants from the Qatar Biobank cohort, we employed adjusted logistic regression to assess the ability of various obesity and triglyceride-related indices to detect prediabetes in normal-weight (18.5 ≤ BMI <25 kg/m2) adults (≥18 years).ResultsOf the normal-weight adults, 13.62% had prediabetes. TyG-waist-to-height ratio (TyG-WHTR) was significantly associated with prediabetes among normal-weight men [OR per 1-SD 2.68; 95% CI (1.67–4.32)] and women [OR per 1-SD 2.82; 95% CI (1.61–4.94)]. Compared with other indices, TyG-WHTR had the highest area under the curve (AUC) value for prediabetes in men [AUC: 0.76, 95% CI (0.70–0.81)] and women [AUC: 0.73, 95% CI (0.66–0.80)], and performed significantly higher than other indices (p < 0.05) in detecting prediabetes in men. Tyg-WHTR shared similar diagnostic values as fasting plasma glucose (FPG).DiscussionOur findings suggest that the TyG-WHTR index could be a better indicator of prediabetes for general clinical usage in normal weight Qatari adult men than other obesity and TyG-related indices. TyG-WHTR can help identify a person’s risk for developing prediabetes in both men and women when combined with FPG results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neyla S. Al Akl
- Qatar Foundation, Diabetes Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Halima Bensmail
- Qatar Computing Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Abdelilah Arredouani
- Qatar Foundation, Diabetes Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Doha, Qatar
- Qatar Foundation, College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Doha, Qatar
- *Correspondence: Abdelilah Arredouani,
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Roy A, Barman P. Does BMI Really Matter to Our Overall Health? Findings from a Cross-sectional Analysis of Middle-aged and Older Adults in India. JOURNAL OF POPULATION AGEING 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s12062-023-09413-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
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Cheng W, Sun Z, Cai K, Wu J, Dong X, Liu Z, Shi Y, Yang S, Zhang W, Chen A. Relationship between Overweight/Obesity and Social Communication in Autism Spectrum Disorder Children: Mediating Effect of Gray Matter Volume. Brain Sci 2023; 13:brainsci13020180. [PMID: 36831723 PMCID: PMC9954689 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13020180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
With advances in medical diagnostic technology, the healthy development of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is receiving more and more attention. In this article, the mediating effect of brain gray matter volume (GMV) between overweight/obesity and social communication (SC) was investigated through the analysis of the relationship between overweight/obesity and SC in autism spectrum disorder children. In total, 101 children with ASD aged 3-12 years were recruited from three special educational centers (Yangzhou, China). Overweight/obesity in children with ASD was indicated by their body mass index (BMI); the Social Responsiveness Scale, Second Edition (SRS-2) was used to assess their social interaction ability, and structural Magnetic Resonance Imaging (sMRI) was used to measure GMV. A mediation model was constructed using the Process plug-in to analyze the mediating effect of GMV between overweight/obesity and SC in children with ASD. The results revealed that: overweight/obesity positively correlated with SRS-2 total points (p = 0.01); gray matter volume in the left dorsolateral superior frontal gyrus (Frontal_Sup_L GMV) negatively correlated with SRS-2 total points (p = 0.001); and overweight/obesity negatively correlated with Frontal_Sup_L GMV (p = 0.001). The Frontal_Sup_L GMV played a partial mediating role in the relationship between overweight/obesity and SC, accounting for 36.6% of total effect values. These findings indicate the significant positive correlation between overweight/obesity and SC; GMV in the left dorsolateral superior frontal gyrus plays a mediating role in the relationship between overweight/obesity and SC. The study may provide new evidence toward comprehensively revealing the overweight/obesity and SC relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Cheng
- College of Physical Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China
- Institute of Sports, Exercise and Brain, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China
| | - Zhiyuan Sun
- College of Physical Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China
- Institute of Sports, Exercise and Brain, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China
| | - Kelong Cai
- College of Physical Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China
- Institute of Sports, Exercise and Brain, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China
| | - Jingjing Wu
- College of Physical Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China
- Institute of Sports, Exercise and Brain, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Dong
- College of Physical Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China
- Institute of Sports, Exercise and Brain, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China
| | - Zhimei Liu
- College of Physical Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China
- Institute of Sports, Exercise and Brain, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China
| | - Yifan Shi
- College of Physical Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China
- Institute of Sports, Exercise and Brain, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China
| | - Sixin Yang
- College of Physical Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China
- Institute of Sports, Exercise and Brain, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China
| | - Weike Zhang
- College of Physical Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China
- Institute of Sports, Exercise and Brain, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China
| | - Aiguo Chen
- College of Physical Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China
- Institute of Sports, Exercise and Brain, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-139-5272-5968
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Su Y, Li X, Li H, Xu J, Xiang M. Association between Sedentary Behavior during Leisure Time and Excessive Weight in Chinese Children, Adolescents, and Adults. Nutrients 2023; 15:424. [PMID: 36678295 PMCID: PMC9867297 DOI: 10.3390/nu15020424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Sedentary behavior is increasing in all age groups and is one of the most common lifestyles that is a risk factor for overweight and obesity; however, few studies have evaluated the impact of leisure-time sedentary behavior on overweight and obesity. This study aims to examine the distribution characteristics of different leisure-time sedentary behaviors and their effects on excessive weight in different age groups in the Chinese population to provide evidence for the development of behavioral interventions. (2) Methods: This study utilizes data from the 2004 to 2011 China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS). Participants ranged in age from 6 to 18 years or older and were from China. Weight and height were measured in the physical examination, and the sedentary behavior times during leisure periods were collected by using a questionnaire. Logistic regression models were performed for association analyses. (3) Results: A total of 36,169 participants were included in this study. The impact of screen-based sedentary leisure time on excessive weight is greater in middle-aged and older adults. For middle-aged adults, sedentary time periods spent on the Internet or video games were found to be significantly and positively associated with excessive weight (OR, 1.122, 95% CI, 1.005-1.253). In addition, for older adults, sedentary time periods spent watching television or videos were found to be significantly and positively associated with excessive weight (OR, 1.065, 95% CI, 1.035-1.095). (4) Conclusions: This study helps grasp the target population and provide evidence for the development of behavioral intervention guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Su
- School of Nursing, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Xueyuan Li
- Health Commission of Shanghai Huangpu, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Huilun Li
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Jiawei Xu
- Eye and Dental Diseases Prevention and Treatment Center of Pudong New Area, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Mi Xiang
- Minister of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children’s Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200025, China
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The Cognitive Improvement and Alleviation of Brain Hypermetabolism Caused by FFAR3 Ablation in Tg2576 Mice Is Persistent under Diet-Induced Obesity. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232113591. [PMID: 36362376 PMCID: PMC9654726 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and aging are becoming increasingly prevalent across the globe. It has been established that aging is the major risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and it is becoming increasingly evident that obesity and the associated insulin resistance are also notably relevant risk factors. The biological plausibility of the link between high adiposity, insulin resistance, and dementia is central for understanding AD etiology, and to form bases for prevention efforts to decrease the disease burden. Several studies have demonstrated a strong association between short chain fatty acid receptor FFAR3 and insulin sensitivity. Interestingly, it has been recently established that FFAR3 mRNA levels are increased in early stages of the AD pathology, indicating that FFAR3 could play a key role in AD onset and progression. Indeed, in the present study we demonstrate that the ablation of the Ffar3 gene in Tg2576 mice prevents the development of cognitive deficiencies in advanced stages of the disease. Notably, this cognitive improvement is also maintained upon a severe metabolic challenge such as the exposure to high-fat diet (HFD) feeding. Moreover, FFAR3 deletion restores the brain hypermetabolism displayed by Tg2576 mice. Collectively, these data postulate FFAR3 as a potential novel target for AD.
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La Marra M, Messina A, Ilardi CR, Verde G, Amato R, Esposito N, Troise S, Orlando A, Messina G, Monda V, Di Maio G, Villano I. The Neglected Factor in the Relationship between Executive Functioning and Obesity: The Role of Motor Control. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10091775. [PMID: 36141387 PMCID: PMC9498752 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10091775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The association between obesity and executive functions (EFs) is highly controversial. It has been suggested that waist circumference (WC), compared to body mass index (BMI), is a better indicator of fat mass and EFs in obesity. Moreover, according to the viewpoint that the brain’s functional architecture meets the need for interactive behavior, we hypothesize that the relationship between EFs and body weight might be mediated by the motor performance. Methods: General executive functioning (frontal assessment battery-15), additional cognitive subdomains (trail making test and digit span backward), and motor performance (finger tapping task) were assessed in a sample that included 330 volunteers (192 females, M age = 45.98 years, SD = 17.70, range = 18–86 years). Results: Hierarchical multiple regression analysis indicated that the FAB15 score and FTT negatively predicted WC but not BMI. A subsequent mediation analysis highlighted that the indirect effect of FAB15 on WC through finger tapping was statistically significant. Conclusions: Our results suggest that WC, as compared to BMI, is a more effective measure for studying the association between EFs and body weight. Still, we found that the motor domain partially mediates the dynamics of such a relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco La Marra
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Antonietta Messina
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Ciro Rosario Ilardi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
- Department of Psychology, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 81100 Caserta, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Giuseppe Verde
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Raffaella Amato
- Neurological Unit, CTO Hospital, AORN “Ospedali dei Colli”, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Nadia Esposito
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Simona Troise
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Antonella Orlando
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanni Messina
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Monda
- Department of Movement Sciences and Wellbeing, University of Naples “Parthenope”, 80133 Naples, Italy
| | - Girolamo Di Maio
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Ines Villano
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
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La Marra M, Messina A, Ilardi CR, Staiano M, Di Maio G, Messina G, Polito R, Valenzano A, Cibelli G, Monda V, Chieffi S, Iavarone A, Villano I. Factorial Model of Obese Adolescents: The Role of Body Image Concerns and Selective Depersonalization-A Pilot Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:11501. [PMID: 36141782 PMCID: PMC9517425 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191811501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relationship binding body weight to psychological well-being is unclear. The present study aims at identifying the contribution, and specificity, of some dimensions (i.e., eating-related symptoms, body image disorders, eating habits, personality traits, and emotional difficulties) characterizing the psychological profile of obese adolescents (749 participants, 325 females; 58.3% normal-weight, 29.9% overweight, and 11.7% obese; mean age = 16.05, SD = 0.82). METHODS By introducing the scores obtained by standardized self-report tools into a generalized linear model, a factorial reduction design was used to detect the best fitting discriminant functions and the principal components explaining the higher proportion of the variance. RESULTS We found two discriminant functions correctly classifying 87.1% of normal-weight, 57.2% of overweight, and 68.2% of obese adolescents. Furthermore, two independent factors, explaining 69.68% of the total variance, emerged. CONCLUSIONS The first factor, "Body Image Concerns", included the drive for thinness, body dissatisfaction, and interpersonal distrust. The second factor, "Selective Depersonalization", included a trend toward depersonalization and dissatisfaction with the torso. The neurophysiological implications of our findings will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco La Marra
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Antonietta Messina
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Ciro Rosario Ilardi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
- Department of Psychology, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Maria Staiano
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Girolamo Di Maio
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanni Messina
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71100 Foggia, Italy
| | - Rita Polito
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71100 Foggia, Italy
| | - Anna Valenzano
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71100 Foggia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Cibelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71100 Foggia, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Monda
- Department of Movement Sciences and Wellbeing, University of Naples “Parthenope”, 80133 Naples, Italy
| | - Sergio Chieffi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandro Iavarone
- Neurological Unit, CTO Hospital, AORN “Ospedali dei Colli”, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Ines Villano
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
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13
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Functional Relationship between Inhibitory Control, Cognitive Flexibility, Psychomotor Speed and Obesity. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12081080. [PMID: 36009143 PMCID: PMC9405914 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12081080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last decades, it has been proposed that executive functions may be particularly vulnerable to weight-related issues. However, evidence on the matter is mixed, especially when the effects of sociodemographic variables are weighted. Thus, the current study aimed at further examining the relationship between executive functions and obesity. To this aim, we compared treatment-seeking overweight, obese, and morbidly obese patients with normal-weight control participants. We examined general executive functioning (Frontal Assessment Battery−15) and different executive subdomains (e.g., inhibitory control, verbal fluency, and psychomotor speed) in a clinical sample including 208 outpatients with different degrees of BMI (52 overweight, BMI 25−30, M age = 34.38; 76 obese, BMI 30−40, M age = 38.00; 80 morbidly obese, BMI > 40, M age = 36.20). Ninety-six normal-weight subjects served as controls. No difference on executive scores was detected when obese patients were compared with over- or normal-weight subjects. Morbidly obese patients reported lower performance on executive scores than obese, overweight, and normal-weight subjects. Between-group difference emerged also when relevant covariates were taken into account. Our results support the view that morbid obesity is associated with lower executive performance, also considering the critical role exerted by sociodemographic (i.e., sex, age, and education) variables. Our results support the view that executive functioning should be accounted into the management of the obese patient because of non-negligible clinical relevance in diagnostic, therapeutic, and prognostic terms.
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14
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Villano I, La Marra M, Allocca S, Ilardi CR, Polito R, Porro C, Chieffi S, Messina G, Monda V, Di Maio G, Messina A. The Role of Nutraceutical Supplements, Monacolin K and Astaxanthin, and Diet in Blood Cholesterol Homeostasis in Patients with Myopathy. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12081118. [PMID: 36009012 PMCID: PMC9405860 DOI: 10.3390/biom12081118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Several studies suggest that different combinations of nutraceutical supplements may improve the lipid profile, representing a viable alternative to statins. However, their effects on individuals with myopathy need to be investigated. The aim of our study was to explore the mid- and long-term physiological effects of monacolin k (5 mg) and astaxanthin (0.1 mg) supplements in association with a low-energy/fat diet in a group of subjects with mild myopathy. Eighty subjects (44 women) took part in this observational study. Participants were assigned to the experimental group (EG, n = 40, 24 women) treated with a low-energy/fat diet (1200-1500 Kcal/day and 15-20% lipids) in combination with monacolin k (5 mg) and astaxanthin (0.1 mg) supplementation, and to the control group (CG, n = 40, 20 women) treated only with a low-energy/fat diet (1200-1500 Kcal/day and 15-20% lipids). BMI and biochemical parameters (blood glucose, total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, triglycerides, C-reactive protein (CRP) and creatine phosphokinase-CPK) were collected at baseline (T0), after 12 (T1) and 24 (T2) weeks. A mixed factorial ANOVA was performed to determine if there were significant main effects and/or interactions between time and treatment. Treatment (EG vs. CG) was entered as the between-subjects factor and time (T0 vs. T1 vs. T2) as the within-subject factor. We found a significant improvement in total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, PCR and CPK parameters in EG compared with CG. Our results highlight the efficacy and safety of combined use of monacolin k (5 mg) and astaxanthin (0.1 mg) in combination with a low-energy/fat diet in the treatment of dyslipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Villano
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Human Physiology and Unit of Dietetic and Sport Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Marco La Marra
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Human Physiology and Unit of Dietetic and Sport Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Salvatore Allocca
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Human Physiology and Unit of Dietetic and Sport Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Ciro Rosario Ilardi
- Department of Psychology, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Rita Polito
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Chiara Porro
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Sergio Chieffi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Human Physiology and Unit of Dietetic and Sport Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanni Messina
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Monda
- Department of Movement Sciences and Wellbeing, University of Naples “Parthenope”, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Girolamo Di Maio
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Human Physiology and Unit of Dietetic and Sport Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Antonietta Messina
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Human Physiology and Unit of Dietetic and Sport Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
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15
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Predicting the presence of depressive symptoms in the HIV-HCV co-infected population in Canada using supervised machine learning. BMC Med Res Methodol 2022; 22:223. [PMID: 35962372 PMCID: PMC9375382 DOI: 10.1186/s12874-022-01700-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression is common in the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-hepatitis C virus (HCV) co-infected population. Demographic, behavioural, and clinical data collected in research settings may be of help in identifying those at risk for clinical depression. We aimed to predict the presence of depressive symptoms indicative of a risk of depression and identify important classification predictors using supervised machine learning. METHODS We used data from the Canadian Co-infection Cohort, a multicentre prospective cohort, and its associated sub-study on Food Security (FS). The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale-10 (CES-D-10) was administered in the FS sub-study; participants were classified as being at risk for clinical depression if scores ≥ 10. We developed two random forest algorithms using the training data (80%) and tenfold cross validation to predict the CES-D-10 classes-1. Full algorithm with all candidate predictors (137 predictors) and 2. Reduced algorithm using a subset of predictors based on expert opinion (46 predictors). We evaluated the algorithm performances in the testing data using area under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUC) and generated predictor importance plots. RESULTS We included 1,934 FS sub-study visits from 717 participants who were predominantly male (73%), white (76%), unemployed (73%), and high school educated (52%). At the first visit, median age was 49 years (IQR:43-54) and 53% reported presence of depressive symptoms with CES-D-10 scores ≥ 10. The full algorithm had an AUC of 0.82 (95% CI:0.78-0.86) and the reduced algorithm of 0.76 (95% CI:0.71-0.81). Employment, HIV clinical stage, revenue source, body mass index, and education were the five most important predictors. CONCLUSION We developed a prediction algorithm that could be instrumental in identifying individuals at risk for depression in the HIV-HCV co-infected population in research settings. Development of such machine learning algorithms using research data with rich predictor information can be useful for retrospective analyses of unanswered questions regarding impact of depressive symptoms on clinical and patient-centred outcomes among vulnerable populations.
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16
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Villano I, La Marra M, Di Maio G, Monda V, Chieffi S, Guatteo E, Messina G, Moscatelli F, Monda M, Messina A. Physiological Role of Orexinergic System for Health. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19148353. [PMID: 35886210 PMCID: PMC9323672 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19148353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Orexins, or hypocretins, are excitatory neuropeptides involved in the regulation of feeding behavior and the sleep and wakefulness states. Since their discovery, several lines of evidence have highlighted that orexin neurons regulate a great range of physiological functions, giving it the definition of a multitasking system. In the present review, we firstly describe the mechanisms underlining the orexin system and their interactions with the central nervous system (CNS). Then, the system’s involvement in goal-directed behaviors, sleep/wakefulness state regulation, feeding behavior and energy homeostasis, reward system, and aging and neurodegenerative diseases are described. Advanced evidence suggests that the orexin system is crucial for regulating many physiological functions and could represent a promising target for therapeutical approaches to obesity, drug addiction, and emotional stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Villano
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (M.L.M.); (G.D.M.); (S.C.); (M.M.); (A.M.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Marco La Marra
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (M.L.M.); (G.D.M.); (S.C.); (M.M.); (A.M.)
| | - Girolamo Di Maio
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (M.L.M.); (G.D.M.); (S.C.); (M.M.); (A.M.)
| | - Vincenzo Monda
- Department of Movement Sciences and Wellbeing, University of Naples “Parthenope”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (V.M.); (E.G.)
| | - Sergio Chieffi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (M.L.M.); (G.D.M.); (S.C.); (M.M.); (A.M.)
| | - Ezia Guatteo
- Department of Movement Sciences and Wellbeing, University of Naples “Parthenope”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (V.M.); (E.G.)
| | - Giovanni Messina
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71100 Foggia, Italy; (G.M.); (F.M.)
| | - Fiorenzo Moscatelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71100 Foggia, Italy; (G.M.); (F.M.)
| | - Marcellino Monda
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (M.L.M.); (G.D.M.); (S.C.); (M.M.); (A.M.)
| | - Antonietta Messina
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (M.L.M.); (G.D.M.); (S.C.); (M.M.); (A.M.)
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17
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Brown BM, de Frutos Lucas J, Porter T, Frost N, Vacher M, Peiffer JJ, Laws SM. Non-Modifiable Factors as Moderators of the Relationship Between Physical Activity and Brain Volume: A Cross-Sectional UK Biobank Study. J Alzheimers Dis 2022; 88:1091-1101. [PMID: 35754269 DOI: 10.3233/jad-220114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous research suggests physical activity attenuates grey and white matter loss; however, there appears to be individual variability in this effect. Understanding factors that can influence the relationship between physical activity and brain volume may enable prediction of individual response. OBJECTIVE The current study examined the relationship between objectively-measured physical activity and brain volume; and whether this relationship is moderated by age, sex, or a priori candidate genetic factors, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) Val66Met, or apolipoprotein (APOE) ɛ4 allele carriage. METHODS Data from 10,083 men and women (50 years and over) of the UK Biobank were used to examine the study objectives. All participants underwent a magnetic resonance imaging scan to quantify grey and white matter volumes, physical activity monitoring via actigraphy, and genotyping. RESULTS Physical activity was associated with total grey matter volume, total white matter volume, and right hippocampal volume. Only males had an association between higher physical activity levels and greater cortical grey matter volume, total grey matter volume, and right hippocampal volume. Age moderated the relationship between physical activity and white matter volume. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that in males, but not females, an association exists between objectively-measured physical activity and grey matter volume. Age may also play a role in impacting the relationship between physical activity and brain volume. Future research should evaluate longitudinal brain volumetrics to better understand the nature of age and sex-effects on the physical activity and brain volume relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belinda M Brown
- Centre for Healthy Ageing, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia.,Australian Alzheimer's Research Foundation, Sarich Neuroscience Research Institute, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia.,Centre for Precision Health, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Jaisalmer de Frutos Lucas
- Centre for Precision Health, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia.,Laboratory of Cognitive and Computational Neuroscience, Center for Biomedical Technology, UPM-UCM, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Spain
| | - Tenielle Porter
- Centre for Precision Health, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia.,Collaborative Genomics and Translation Group, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia.,School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, Australia
| | - Natalie Frost
- Centre for Healthy Ageing, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Michael Vacher
- Australian e-Health Research Centre, CSIRO, Floreat, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Jeremiah J Peiffer
- Centre for Healthy Ageing, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Simon M Laws
- Centre for Precision Health, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia.,Collaborative Genomics and Translation Group, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia.,School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, Australia
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18
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Executive Functions in Overweight and Obese Treatment-Seeking Patients: Cross-Sectional Data and Longitudinal Perspectives. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12060777. [PMID: 35741662 PMCID: PMC9220982 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12060777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent evidence suggests that a higher body weight may be linked to cognitive impairment in different domains involving executive/frontal functioning. However, challenging results are also available. Accordingly, our study was designed to verify whether (i) poor executive functions are related to a higher body weight and (ii) executive functioning could contribute to weight loss in treatment-seeking overweight and obese patients. METHODS We examined general executive functioning, inhibitory control, verbal fluency, and psychomotor speed in a sample including 104 overweight and obese patients. Forty-eight normal-weight subjects participated in the study as controls. RESULTS Univariate Analysis of Variance showed that obese patients obtained lower scores than overweight and normal-weight subjects in all executive measures, except for errors in the Stroop test. However, when sociodemographic variables entered the model as covariates, no between-group difference was detected. Furthermore, an adjusted multiple linear regression model highlighted no relationship between weight loss and executive scores at baseline. CONCLUSIONS Our results provide further evidence for the lack of association between obesity and the executive domains investigated. Conflicting findings from previous literature may likely be due to the unchecked confounding effects exerted by sociodemographic variables and inclusion/exclusion criteria.
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19
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Lof J, Smits K, Melotte V, Kuil LE. The health effect of probiotics on high-fat diet-induced cognitive impairment, depression and anxiety: A cross-species systematic review. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 136:104634. [PMID: 35339484 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a complex disease with many co-morbidities, including impaired cognitive functions. Obese individuals often contain an aberrant microbiota. Via the microbiota-gut-brain axis, the altered microbiota composition can affect cognition or induce anxiety- or depressive-like behavior. Probiotics have been shown to alleviate both obesity- and neurobehavioral disorder-related symptoms. Here, we evaluated previously published results on the effectiveness of probiotic intervention in alleviating obesity- or high-fat diet (HFD)-related cognitive impairment, depression and anxiety. A systematic search was performed in PubMed, Embase, and Google Scholar until June 2021 to identify relevant articles. Seventeen studies were included: one human and sixteen animal studies. Overall, the findings support the beneficial health effect of probiotics on HFD-induced cognitive impairment and anxiety. However, the results suggest that multi-strain probiotic treatments should be used with caution, especially in the absence of HFD-induced impairment. Future studies should overcome the large variation in study design and high risk of bias found in the current evidence. Nevertheless, probiotic treatment, in particular using the Lactobacillus genus, seems promising.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Lof
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Pathology, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - K Smits
- Department of Pathology, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - V Melotte
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Pathology, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - L E Kuil
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Division of Psychosocial Research and Epidemiology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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20
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La Marra M, Ilardi CR, Villano I, Polito R, Sibillo MR, Franchetti M, Caggiano A, Strangio F, Messina G, Monda V, Di Maio G, Messina A. Higher general executive functions predicts lower body mass index by mitigating avoidance behaviors. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1048363. [PMID: 36440204 PMCID: PMC9681800 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1048363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study examines the relationship between obesity, executive functions, and body image in a nonclinical population from southern Italy. METHODS General executive functioning (Frontal Assessment Battery-15), and body image disturbances (Body Uneasiness Test) were assessed in a sample including 255 participants (138 females, M age = 43.51 years, SD = 17.94, range = 18-86 years; M body mass index (BMI) = 26.21, SD = 4.32, range = 18.03-38.79). FINDINGS Multiple Linear Regression Analysis indicated that age, years of education, FAB15 score, body image concerns, and avoidance predicted the variance of BMI. A subsequent mediation analysis highlighted that the indirect effect of FAB15 on BMI through avoidance was statistically significant. INTERPRETATION Our results suggest that more performing executive functioning predicts a decrease in BMI that is partially due to the mitigation of avoidance behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco La Marra
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Ciro Rosario Ilardi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
- Department of Psychology, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Caserta, Italy
| | - Ines Villano
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
- *Correspondence: Ines Villano,
| | - Rita Polito
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Maria Raffella Sibillo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Marina Franchetti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Angela Caggiano
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesca Strangio
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanni Messina
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Monda
- Department of Movement Sciences and Wellbeing, University of Naples “Parthenope”, Naples, Italy
| | - Girolamo Di Maio
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonietta Messina
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
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21
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Nazario-Yepiz NO, Fernández Sobaberas J, Lyman R, Campbell MR, Shankar V, Anholt RRH, Mackay TFC. Physiological and metabolomic consequences of reduced expression of the Drosophila brummer triglyceride Lipase. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0255198. [PMID: 34547020 PMCID: PMC8454933 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0255198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Disruption of lipolysis has widespread effects on intermediary metabolism and organismal phenotypes. Defects in lipolysis can be modeled in Drosophila melanogaster through genetic manipulations of brummer (bmm), which encodes a triglyceride lipase orthologous to mammalian Adipose Triglyceride Lipase. RNAi-mediated knock-down of bmm in all tissues or metabolic specific tissues results in reduced locomotor activity, altered sleep patterns and reduced lifespan. Metabolomic analysis on flies in which bmm is downregulated reveals a marked reduction in medium chain fatty acids, long chain saturated fatty acids and long chain monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids, and an increase in diacylglycerol levels. Elevated carbohydrate metabolites and tricarboxylic acid intermediates indicate that impairment of fatty acid mobilization as an energy source may result in upregulation of compensatory carbohydrate catabolism. bmm downregulation also results in elevated levels of serotonin and dopamine neurotransmitters, possibly accounting for the impairment of locomotor activity and sleep patterns. Physiological phenotypes and metabolomic changes upon reduction of bmm expression show extensive sexual dimorphism. Altered metabolic states in the Drosophila model are relevant for understanding human metabolic disorders, since pathways of intermediary metabolism are conserved across phyla.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nestor O. Nazario-Yepiz
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics and Center for Human Genetics, Clemson University, Greenwood, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Jaime Fernández Sobaberas
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics and Center for Human Genetics, Clemson University, Greenwood, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Roberta Lyman
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics and Center for Human Genetics, Clemson University, Greenwood, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Marion R. Campbell
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics and Center for Human Genetics, Clemson University, Greenwood, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Vijay Shankar
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics and Center for Human Genetics, Clemson University, Greenwood, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Robert R. H. Anholt
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics and Center for Human Genetics, Clemson University, Greenwood, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Trudy F. C. Mackay
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics and Center for Human Genetics, Clemson University, Greenwood, South Carolina, United States of America
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22
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Villano I, Ilardi CR, Arena S, Scuotto C, Gleijeses MG, Messina G, Messina A, Monda V, Monda M, Iavarone A, Chieffi S, La Marra M. Obese Subjects without Eating Disorders Experience Binge Episodes Also Independently of Emotional Eating and Personality Traits among University Students of Southern Italy. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11091145. [PMID: 34573166 PMCID: PMC8465169 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11091145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
It is widely acknowledged that obesity is a growing public clinical issue involving both physical and psychological well-being. Nevertheless, the relationship between psychological features and weight gain is still unclear. Although emotional eating (EE) and personality traits are considered significant predictors of eating disorders, their role in obesity without eating disorders (OB-wed) is far from proven. The present study aimed at investigating the cumulative effect of EE and personality traits on overeating behavior in a sample of 266 university students (169 female; mean age = 21.85, SD = 2.39) stratified based on their body mass index (BMI; normal weight, overweight, obese). They were enrolled during free screening days promoted by the Human Dietetic and Sport Service of a Southern Italian university. The results show a psychological pattern of increasing overeating behavior and lower Self-Directedness combined with higher Sadness and Anger. However, OB-wed subjects overate regardless of this emotional/personological configuration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Villano
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (M.G.G.); (A.M.); (V.M.); (M.M.); (S.C.); (M.L.M.)
- Correspondence: (I.V.); (C.R.I.)
| | - Ciro Rosario Ilardi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (M.G.G.); (A.M.); (V.M.); (M.M.); (S.C.); (M.L.M.)
- Department of Psychology, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 81100 Caserta, Italy;
- Correspondence: (I.V.); (C.R.I.)
| | - Stefania Arena
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy;
| | - Chiara Scuotto
- Department of Psychology, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 81100 Caserta, Italy;
| | - Maria Gloria Gleijeses
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (M.G.G.); (A.M.); (V.M.); (M.M.); (S.C.); (M.L.M.)
| | - Giovanni Messina
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy;
| | - Antonietta Messina
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (M.G.G.); (A.M.); (V.M.); (M.M.); (S.C.); (M.L.M.)
| | - Vincenzo Monda
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (M.G.G.); (A.M.); (V.M.); (M.M.); (S.C.); (M.L.M.)
| | - Marcellino Monda
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (M.G.G.); (A.M.); (V.M.); (M.M.); (S.C.); (M.L.M.)
| | - Alessandro Iavarone
- Neurological Unit, CTO Hospital, AORN “Ospedali dei Colli”, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Sergio Chieffi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (M.G.G.); (A.M.); (V.M.); (M.M.); (S.C.); (M.L.M.)
| | - Marco La Marra
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (M.G.G.); (A.M.); (V.M.); (M.M.); (S.C.); (M.L.M.)
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Guerra JVS, Dias MMG, Brilhante AJVC, Terra MF, García-Arévalo M, Figueira ACM. Multifactorial Basis and Therapeutic Strategies in Metabolism-Related Diseases. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13082830. [PMID: 34444990 PMCID: PMC8398524 DOI: 10.3390/nu13082830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Throughout the 20th and 21st centuries, the incidence of non-communicable diseases (NCDs), also known as chronic diseases, has been increasing worldwide. Changes in dietary and physical activity patterns, along with genetic conditions, are the main factors that modulate the metabolism of individuals, leading to the development of NCDs. Obesity, diabetes, metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are classified in this group of chronic diseases. Therefore, understanding the underlying molecular mechanisms of these diseases leads us to develop more accurate and effective treatments to reduce or mitigate their prevalence in the population. Given the global relevance of NCDs and ongoing research progress, this article reviews the current understanding about NCDs and their related risk factors, with a focus on obesity, diabetes, MAFLD, and CVDs, summarizing the knowledge about their pathophysiology and highlighting the currently available and emerging therapeutic strategies, especially pharmacological interventions. All of these diseases play an important role in the contamination by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, as well as in the progression and severity of the symptoms of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Therefore, we briefly explore the relationship between NCDs and COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- João V. S. Guerra
- Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Polo II de Alta Tecnologia—R. Giuseppe Máximo Scolfaro, Campinas 13083-100, Brazil; (J.V.S.G.); (M.M.G.D.); (M.F.T.)
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Marieli M. G. Dias
- Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Polo II de Alta Tecnologia—R. Giuseppe Máximo Scolfaro, Campinas 13083-100, Brazil; (J.V.S.G.); (M.M.G.D.); (M.F.T.)
- Graduate Program in Functional and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas 13083-970, Brazil;
| | - Anna J. V. C. Brilhante
- Graduate Program in Functional and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas 13083-970, Brazil;
- Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Brazilian Biorenewables National Laboratory (LNBR), Polo II de Alta Tecnologia—R. Giuseppe Máximo Scolfaro, Campinas 13083-100, Brazil
| | - Maiara F. Terra
- Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Polo II de Alta Tecnologia—R. Giuseppe Máximo Scolfaro, Campinas 13083-100, Brazil; (J.V.S.G.); (M.M.G.D.); (M.F.T.)
- Graduate Program in Functional and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas 13083-970, Brazil;
| | - Marta García-Arévalo
- Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Polo II de Alta Tecnologia—R. Giuseppe Máximo Scolfaro, Campinas 13083-100, Brazil; (J.V.S.G.); (M.M.G.D.); (M.F.T.)
- Correspondence: or (M.G.-A.); (A.C.M.F.)
| | - Ana Carolina M. Figueira
- Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Polo II de Alta Tecnologia—R. Giuseppe Máximo Scolfaro, Campinas 13083-100, Brazil; (J.V.S.G.); (M.M.G.D.); (M.F.T.)
- Correspondence: or (M.G.-A.); (A.C.M.F.)
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La Marra M, Caviglia G, Perrella R. Using Smartphones When Eating Increases Caloric Intake in Young People: An Overview of the Literature. Front Psychol 2020; 11:587886. [PMID: 33343462 PMCID: PMC7744612 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.587886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent literature highlights that the use of smartphones during meals increases the number of calories ingested in young people. Although the distraction interferes with physiological signals of hunger and satiety, a social facilitation effect has also been suggested. Cognition is a pivotal component in regulating food intake, and activities requiring high perceptual demands should be discouraged during meals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco La Marra
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Giorgio Caviglia
- Department of Psychology, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Caserta, Italy
| | - Raffaella Perrella
- Department of Psychology, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Caserta, Italy
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Huang Z, Guo Y, Ruan Y, Sun S, Lin T, Ye J, Li J, He L, Wang S, Shi Y, Wu F. Associations of Lifestyle Factors With Cognition in Community-Dwelling Adults Aged 50 and Older: A Longitudinal Cohort Study. Front Aging Neurosci 2020; 12:601487. [PMID: 33240081 PMCID: PMC7680821 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.601487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In the absence of an effective treatment to alter the progressive course of cognitive decline and dementia, identification of modifiable risk factors that could promote healthy cognitive aging has become a public health research priority. This study seeks to comprehensively determine the contemporaneous associations of a broad spectrum of time-varying modifiable lifestyle factors with age-related cognitive decline in a large population-based cohort of older adults. A total of 5,711 subjects aged 50 and older from the WHO Study on global AGEing and adult health (SAGE) in Shanghai were studied. Repeated measures of lifestyle factors and cognitive performance were conducted in 2009-2010 and 2014-2015. Linear random slope models were used to evaluate the contemporaneous associations between time-varying lifestyle factors and cognitive performance. Person-mean centering method was used to disaggregate the between- and within-person effects in the time-varying lifestyle factors in the random slope models. We found that higher vegetable and fruit consumption, as well as higher level of physical activity were positively associated with all cognitive domains. Body mass index (BMI) was negatively associated with all cognitive domains, whereas waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) was negatively associated with verbal fluency score only. Sedentary time was negatively associated with digit span score but positively associated with verbal fluency score. The between-person effects seem to be more dominant than within-person effects. Overall, our findings suggest better management of multiple lifestyle factors may protect against cognitive decline in later life. Higher vegetable and fruit consumption and physical activity are protective, whereas obesity is detrimental to cognitive decline in older adults. This study underpins the development of multi-domain lifestyle recommendations to promote healthy cognitive aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhezhou Huang
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanfei Guo
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Ye Ruan
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuangyuan Sun
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Lin
- Pudong New District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinghong Ye
- Hongkou District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Li
- Minhang District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Lihua He
- Huangpu District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Sen Wang
- Qingpu District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Shi
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Fan Wu
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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26
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Lizarbe B, Campillo B, Guadilla I, López-Larrubia P, Cerdán S. Magnetic resonance assessment of the cerebral alterations associated with obesity development. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2020; 40:2135-2151. [PMID: 32703110 PMCID: PMC7585928 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x20941263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a current threat to health care systems, affecting approximately 13% of the world's adult population, and over 18% children and adolescents. The rise of obesity is fuelled by inadequate life style habits, as consumption of diets rich in fats and sugars which promote, additionally, the development of associated comorbidities. Obesity results from a neuroendocrine imbalance in the cerebral mechanisms controlling food intake and energy expenditure, including the hypothalamus and the reward and motivational centres. Specifically, high-fat diets are known to trigger an early inflammatory response in the hypothalamus that precedes weight gain, is time-dependent, and eventually extends to the remaining appetite regulating regions in the brain. Multiple magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and spectroscopy (MRS) methods are currently available to characterize different features of cerebral obesity, including diffusion weighted, T2 and volumetric imaging and 1H and 13C spectroscopic evaluations. In particular, consistent evidences have revealed increased water diffusivity and T2 values, decreased grey matter volumes, and altered metabolic profiles and fluxes, in the brain of animal models and in obese humans. This review provides an integrative interpretation of the physio-pathological processes associated with obesity development in the brain, and the MRI and MRS methods implemented to characterize them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blanca Lizarbe
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols” CSIC/UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Basilio Campillo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols” CSIC/UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Irene Guadilla
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols” CSIC/UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Sebastián Cerdán
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols” CSIC/UAM, Madrid, Spain
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Baroni C, Lionetti V. The impact of sex and gender on heart-brain axis dysfunction: current concepts and novel perspectives. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2020; 99:151-160. [PMID: 33002366 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2020-0391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The heart-brain axis (HBA) recapitulates all the circuits that regulate bidirectional flow of communication between heart and brain. Several mechanisms may underlie the interdependent relationship involving heterogeneous tissues at rest and during specific target organ injury such as myocardial infarction, heart failure, arrhythmia, stroke, mood disorders, or dementia. In-depth translational studies of the HBA dysfunction under single-organ injury should include both male and female animals to develop sex- and gender-oriented prevention, diagnosis, and treatment strategies. Indeed, sex and gender are determining factors as females and males exhibit significant differences in terms of susceptibility to risk factors, age of onset, severity of symptoms, and outcome. Despite most studies having focused on the male population, we have conducted a careful appraisal of the literature investigating HBA in females. In particular, we have (i) analyzed sex-related heart and brain illnesses, (ii) recapitulated the most significant studies simultaneously conducted on cardio- and cerebro-vascular systems in female populations, and (iii) hypothesized future perspectives for the development of a gender-based approach to HBA dysfunction. Although sex- and gender-oriented research is at its infancy, the impact of sex on HBA dysfunction is opening unexpected new avenues for managing the health of female subjects exposed to risk of lifestyle multi-organ disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlotta Baroni
- Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Lionetti
- Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy.,UOS Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Fondazione Toscana G. Monasterio, Pisa, Italy
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Croteau C, Ben Amor L, Ilies D, Mottron L, Tarride JE, Dorais M, Perreault S. Impact of Psychoactive Drug Use on Developing Obesity among Children and Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Diagnosis: A Nested Case-Control Study. Child Obes 2020; 15:131-141. [PMID: 30668140 DOI: 10.1089/chi.2018.0170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity in children on the autism spectrum (AS) is becoming a significant health concern. The purpose of this study was to identify the predictors of obesity in a cohort of AS youth and to assess the impact of psychoactive medication use while exploring the second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs) dose-response curve. STUDY DESIGN A nested case-control study was conducted using Quebec public administrative databases. Subjects with AS <18 years [≥2 diagnoses International Classification of Diseases: 9th revision (ICD-9): 299.X] were identified (January 1993 to May 2011). Cases were defined as subjects with an obesity diagnosis (ICD-9: 278.X) during the coverage period and matched to 10 controls for age, gender, and follow-up duration. Potential risk factors for obesity (sociodemographic characteristics, other neuropsychiatric conditions, and psychoactive drug use) were evaluated and analyzed using conditional logistic regression. RESULTS From a cohort of 5369 AS subjects, we identified 135 obesity cases. Among the different risk factors, only SGAs [rate ratio (RR): 1.04, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.01-1.07] increased the probability of obesity in multivariate analysis. Exposure for ≥12 months increased significantly the likelihood of obesity (RR: 2.01, 95% CI: 1.18-3.42). Higher risk was observed with chlorpromazine-equivalent daily doses ≥100 mg (RR: 2.20, 95% CI: 1.00-4.84). Among SGA users, concomitant antidepressants (per 30-day exposure) slightly increased the probability (RR: 1.08, 95% CI: 1.01-1.15). CONCLUSIONS Longer and higher SGA exposure increased the risk of obesity, which has to be considered in relation to the paucity of evidence supporting long-term psychoactive medication use in AS children. Results highlight the need to promote optimal use and interventions to mitigate metabolic side effects of SGAs in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Croteau
- 1 Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Montreal, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Leila Ben Amor
- 2 Department of Psychiatry, CHU Sainte-Justine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Drigissa Ilies
- 3 Department of Psychiatry, Hôpital Rivière-des-Prairies, University of Montreal, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Laurent Mottron
- 3 Department of Psychiatry, Hôpital Rivière-des-Prairies, University of Montreal, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Jean-Eric Tarride
- 4 Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,5 Program for Assessment of Technology in Health (PATH), Research Institute of St. Joseph's Hamilton, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marc Dorais
- 6 StatSciences, Inc., ND Ile-Perrot, Québec, Canada
| | - Sylvie Perreault
- 1 Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Montreal, Montreal, Québec, Canada
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A high-fat diet rich in corn oil exaggerates the infarct size and memory impairment in rats with cerebral ischemia and is associated with suppressing osteopontin and Akt, and activating GS3Kβ, iNOS, and NF-κB. J Physiol Biochem 2020; 76:393-406. [PMID: 32488539 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-020-00744-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The increase in osteopontin (OPN) levels after stroke induces neural protection by activating Akt signaling and inhibiting GS3Kβ, iNOS, and NF-κB. This study investigated the effect of a high-fat diet rich in corn oil (CO-HFD) on infarct size and memory function in rats after induction of cerebral ischemia in rats and investigated its effect on the expression of OPN/Akt/iNOS/NF-κB signaling pathways. Rats were initially fed a standard diet (STD, 3.82 kcal/g; 9.4%, from fat) or a CO-HFD (5.4 kcal/g, 40% from fat) for 12 weeks. Then, both groups were further subdivided into either sham group or group exposed to cerebral ischemia by the middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) protocol. Compared with sham-operated rats fed STD diet, neurological scores and both short- and long-term memory functions were significantly impaired in sham-operated CO-HFD-fed rats. In addition, brains collected from CO-HFD-fed rats showed lower protein levels of OPN, p-Akt (Thr308), p-GS3Kβ (Ser9), and Bcl-2 and had higher protein levels of iNOS, cleaved caspase-3, nuclear NF-κB p65, and cytoplasmic cytochrome C. However, once exposed to MCAO surgery, similar but more profound alterations of all these biochemical parameters with more severe impairment in short- and long-term memory functions and larger infarct size were noticed in the brains of CO-HFD-fed rats as compared with STD-fed rats exposed to MCAO. In conclusion, chronic consumption of CO-HFD induces memory impairments and worsens memory function recovery and infarct size after cerebral ischemia in rats by reducing levels of OPN, inhibiting the activation of Akt and activating iNOS and NF-κB.
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de Araújo Boleti AP, de Oliveira Flores TM, Moreno SE, Anjos LD, Mortari MR, Migliolo L. Neuroinflammation: An overview of neurodegenerative and metabolic diseases and of biotechnological studies. Neurochem Int 2020; 136:104714. [PMID: 32165170 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2020.104714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is an important factor contributing to cognitive impairment and neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), ischemic injury, and multiple sclerosis (MS). These diseases are characterized by inexorable progressive injury of neuron cells, and loss of motor or cognitive functions. Microglia, which are the resident macrophages in the brain, play an important role in both physiological and pathological conditions. In this review, we provide an updated discussion on the role of ROS and metabolic disease in the pathological mechanisms of activation of the microglial cells and release of cytotoxins, leading to the neurodegenerative process. In addition, we also discuss in vivo models, such as zebrafish and Caenorhabditis elegans, and provide new insights into therapeutics bioinspired by neuropeptides from venomous animals, supporting high throughput drug screening in the near future, searching for a complementary approach to elucidating crucial mechanisms associated with neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula de Araújo Boleti
- S-InovaBiotech, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, 79117-900, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Taylla Michelle de Oliveira Flores
- S-InovaBiotech, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, 79117-900, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Susana Elisa Moreno
- S-InovaBiotech, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, 79117-900, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Lilian Dos Anjos
- Laboratório de Neurofarmacologia, Departmento Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília, Brazil
| | - Márcia Renata Mortari
- Laboratório de Neurofarmacologia, Departmento Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília, Brazil
| | - Ludovico Migliolo
- S-InovaBiotech, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, 79117-900, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil.
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31
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Waki T, Tanaka-Mizuno S, Takashima N, Takechi H, Hayakawa T, Miura K, Ueshima H, Kita Y, Dodge HH. Waist Circumference and Domain-Specific Cognitive Function Among Non-Demented Japanese Older Adults Stratified by Sex: Results from the Takashima Cognition Study. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 73:887-896. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-190395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Waki
- Department of Medical Statistics, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Sachiko Tanaka-Mizuno
- Department of Medical Statistics, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
- The Center for Data Science Education and Research, Shiga University, Hikone, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Takashima
- Department of Public Health, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
- Department of Public Health, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, Japan
| | - Hajime Takechi
- Department of Geriatrics and Cognitive Disorders, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Takehito Hayakawa
- Department of Public Health, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
- Research Center for Social Studies of Health and Community, Ritsumeikan University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Katsuyuki Miura
- Department of Public Health, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
- Center for Epidemiologic Research in Asia, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Hirotsugu Ueshima
- Department of Public Health, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
- Center for Epidemiologic Research in Asia, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Yoshikuni Kita
- Department of Public Health, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
- Faculty of Nursing Science, Tsuruga Nursing University, Tsuruga, Japan
| | - Hiroko H. Dodge
- Department of Public Health, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
- Department of Neurology, Layton Aging and Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Department of Neurology, Michigan Alzheimer’s Disease Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Carpagnano GE, Sessa F, Scioscia G, Lacedonia D, Foschino MP, Venuti MP, Triggiani AI, Valenzano A, Resta O, Cibelli G, Messina G. Physical Activity as a New Tool to Evaluate the Response to Omalizumab and Mepolizumab in Severe Asthmatic Patients: A Pilot Study. Front Pharmacol 2020; 10:1630. [PMID: 32038267 PMCID: PMC6992710 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a chronic inflammatory airway disease, representing one of the most severe pathologies in developed countries. Based on a report of the World Health Organization (WHO), it affects about 300 million people worldwide. Few studies have analyzed the effects of daily life physical activity (PA) levels in patients with asthma: moreover, little research has been carried out on PA levels in patients suffering from severe asthma (SA). This study aimed to investigate the PA levels in two groups of patients suffering from SA; in particular, this study analyzed the changes that occur in patients treated with biologic therapy (BT group) and patients who underwent traditional treatment (TT group) over 6 months. Moreover, this study represents a pilot study because, to the best of our knowledge, it is the first investigation that analyzed if the kind of biologic drug (omalizumab or mepolizumab) can produce differences in the PA levels of SA patients. Fifty SA patients were enrolled and PA parameters were monitored for 6 months. Subjects were divided into two treatment groups: TT (20 patients) and BT (30 patients), the BT group was further subdivided according to the drugs used (15, omalizumab; 15, mepolizumab). During drug treatment, all subjects improved their PA levels: indeed, considering the intragroup variation, the PA levels were significantly higher comparing the T6 levels to baseline (T0, p < 0.01). Considering the intragroup variation, it is very interesting to note that biologic therapy improved PA levels compared to the effects of traditional therapy; while at T0 there were no significant differences in the steps per day (SPD) values between the two groups (T0, p = 0.85), the differences become statistically significant at T1, T3, and T6 (T1, p = 0.019; T3, p = 3.48x10−6; T6, p = 4.78x10−10). As expected, the same differences were reported analyzing the energy expenditure data. In conclusion, this pilot study reports a positive relationship between biologic drug therapy and PA patterns, even if further studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Elisiana Carpagnano
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Institute of Respiratory Diseases, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Francesco Sessa
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Giulia Scioscia
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Institute of Respiratory Diseases, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Donato Lacedonia
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Institute of Respiratory Diseases, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Maria Pia Foschino
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Institute of Respiratory Diseases, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Maria Pia Venuti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Institute of Respiratory Diseases, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | | | - Anna Valenzano
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Onofrio Resta
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Cibelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Giovanni Messina
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
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Early-life high-fat diet-induced obesity programs hippocampal development and cognitive functions via regulation of gut commensal Akkermansia muciniphila. Neuropsychopharmacology 2019; 44:2054-2064. [PMID: 31207607 PMCID: PMC6897910 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-019-0437-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is one of the most serious public health challenges in the world. Obesity during early life has been associated with an increased risk of neurodevelopmental disorders, including deficits in learning and memory, yet the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we show that early life high-fat diet (HFD) feeding impairs hippocampus-dependent contextual/spatial learning and memory, and alters the gut microbiota, particularly by depleting Akkermansia muciniphila (A. muciniphila), in mice. Transplantation of the HFD microbiota confers hippocampus-dependent learning and memory deficits to mice fed a chow diet. Oral treatment of HFD-fed mice with the gut commensal A. muciniphila corrects gut permeability, reduces hippocampal microgliosis and proinflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and IL-6) expression, and restores neuronal development and synapse plasticity, thus ameliorates defects in learning and memory. Interestingly, treatment of mice with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) mimics HFD-induced hippocampus-dependent cognitive impairment in chow-fed mice. In line with these findings, pharmacologic blockade of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signalling or antibiotics treatment both effectively prevent hippocampus-dependent learning and memory deficits in HFD-fed mice. Collectively, our findings demonstrate an unexpected pivotal role of gut microbiota in HFD-induced cognitive deficits and identify a potential probiotic therapy for obesity associated with cognitive dysfunction during early life.
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Lachmann G, Feinkohl I, Borchers F, Ottens TH, Nathoe HM, Sauer AM, Dieleman JM, Radtke FM, van Dijk D, Spies C, Pischon T. Diabetes, but Not Hypertension and Obesity, Is Associated with Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 2019; 46:193-206. [PMID: 30326480 DOI: 10.1159/000492962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Older people undergoing surgery are at risk of developing postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD), but little is known of risk factors predisposing patients to POCD. Our objective was to estimate the risk of POCD associated with exposure to preoperative diabetes, hypertension, and obesity. METHODS Original data from 3 randomised controlled trials (OCTOPUS, DECS, SuDoCo) were obtained for secondary analysis on diabetes, hypertension, baseline blood pressure, obesity (BMI ≥30 kg/m2), and BMI as risk factors for POCD in multiple logistic regression models. Risk estimates were pooled across the 3 studies. RESULTS Analyses totalled 1,034 patients. POCD occurred in 5.2% of patients in DECS, in 9.4% in SuDoCo, and in 32.1% of patients in OCTOPUS. After adjustment for age, sex, surgery type, randomisation, obesity, and hypertension, diabetes was associated with a 1.84-fold increased risk of POCD (OR 1.84; 95% CI 1.14, 2.97; p = 0.01). Obesity, BMI, hypertension, and baseline blood pressure were each not associated with POCD in fully adjusted models (all p > 0.05). CONCLUSION Diabetes, but not obesity or hypertension, is associated with increased POCD risk. Consideration of diabetes status may be helpful for risk assessment of surgical patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunnar Lachmann
- Department of Anesthesiology and Operative Intensive Care Medicine (CCM, CVK), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Insa Feinkohl
- Molecular Epidemiology Research Group, Max-Delbrueck-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany,
| | - Friedrich Borchers
- Department of Anesthesiology and Operative Intensive Care Medicine (CCM, CVK), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas H Ottens
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Hendrik M Nathoe
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Anne-Mette Sauer
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Jan M Dieleman
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Finn M Radtke
- Anaestesiafdelingen, Næstved Sygehus, Næstved, Denmark
| | - Diederik van Dijk
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Claudia Spies
- Department of Anesthesiology and Operative Intensive Care Medicine (CCM, CVK), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tobias Pischon
- Molecular Epidemiology Research Group, Max-Delbrueck-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany.,Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,MDC/BIH Biobank, Max-Delbrueck-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
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Sato K, Tachikawa M, Watanabe M, Miyauchi E, Uchida Y, Terasaki T. Identification of Blood-Brain Barrier-Permeable Proteins Derived from a Peripheral Organ: In Vivo and in Vitro Evidence of Blood-to-Brain Transport of Creatine Kinase. Mol Pharm 2019; 16:247-257. [PMID: 30495961 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.8b00975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Certain proteins, such as inflammatory cytokines, that are released from injured or diseased organs are transported from the circulating blood through the blood-brain barrier (BBB) into the brain and contribute to the pathogenesis of related central nervous system dysfunctions. However, little is known about the protein transport mechanisms involved in the central nervous system dysfunctions. The aims of the present study were to identify BBB-permeable protein(s) derived from liver and to clarify their transport characteristics at the BBB. After administration of biotin-labeled liver cytosolic protein fraction to mice in vivo, we identified 9 biotin-labeled proteins in the brain. Among them, we focused here on creatine kinase (CK). In vitro uptake studies with human brain microvessel endothelial cells (hCMEC/D3 cells) showed preferential uptake of muscle-type CK (CK-MM) compared with brain-type CK (CK-BB) at the BBB. Integration plot analysis revealed that CK-MM readily penetrated into brain parenchyma from the circulating blood across the BBB. The uptake of CK-MM by hCMEC/D3 cells was decreased at 4 °C and in the presence of clathrin- and caveolin-dependent endocytosis inhibitors. These results indicate that entry of CK into the brain is mediated by a transport system(s) at the BBB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Sato
- Division of Membrane Transport and Drug Targeting, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Tohoku University , Sendai 980-8577 , Japan
| | - Masanori Tachikawa
- Division of Membrane Transport and Drug Targeting, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Tohoku University , Sendai 980-8577 , Japan
| | - Michitoshi Watanabe
- Division of Membrane Transport and Drug Targeting, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Tohoku University , Sendai 980-8577 , Japan
| | - Eisuke Miyauchi
- Division of Membrane Transport and Drug Targeting, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Tohoku University , Sendai 980-8577 , Japan
| | - Yasuo Uchida
- Division of Membrane Transport and Drug Targeting, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Tohoku University , Sendai 980-8577 , Japan
| | - Tetsuya Terasaki
- Division of Membrane Transport and Drug Targeting, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Tohoku University , Sendai 980-8577 , Japan
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Nöhre M, Bauer-Hohmann M, Klewitz F, Kyaw Tha Tun EM, Tegtbur U, Pape L, Schiffer L, de Zwaan M, Schiffer M. Prevalence and Correlates of Cognitive Impairment in Kidney Transplant Patients Using the DemTect-Results of a KTx360 Substudy. Front Psychiatry 2019; 10:791. [PMID: 31736808 PMCID: PMC6837156 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cognitive impairment in kidney transplantation (KTx) patients is associated with allograft survival and mortality. However, the prevalence of cognitive impairment after KTx is still understudied. Thus, we aimed to assess the prevalence of cognitive impairment in KTx patients and to identify sociodemographic, medical, donation-specific, and psychological variables associated with cognitive impairment. In this cross-sectional two-center study, 583 KTx patients participated in a structured post-transplant care program. The DemTect was used to assess cognition, and cognitive impairment was defined as a score of < 13. Mean age was 52.11 years, 59% were male, 27.4% had ≥12 years of school attendance, and 85.9% had hypertension. The prevalence of cognitive impairment was 15.6%. Cognitive impairment was significantly associated with higher age, male sex, lower educational level, subjective perception of cognitive decline, higher rates of hypertension, lower kidney functioning, and obesity (BMI > 30 kg/m2). Using logistic regression analysis, all variables except age remained significant. Our results suggest that cognitive impairment affects a significant number of patients after KTx. Transplant centers may consider screening for cognitive impairment using objective tests, especially in patients with a high-risk profile. Furthermore, studies with longitudinal designs are required in order to assess moderators and mediators for cognitive trajectories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariel Nöhre
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Project Kidney Transplantation 360° (NTX360°), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Maximilian Bauer-Hohmann
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Project Kidney Transplantation 360° (NTX360°), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Felix Klewitz
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Project Kidney Transplantation 360° (NTX360°), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Eva-Marie Kyaw Tha Tun
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Project Kidney Transplantation 360° (NTX360°), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University of Göttingen Medical Centre, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Uwe Tegtbur
- Project Kidney Transplantation 360° (NTX360°), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Department of Sports Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Lars Pape
- Project Kidney Transplantation 360° (NTX360°), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Department of Pediatric Kidney, Liver, and Metabolic Diseases, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Lena Schiffer
- Project Kidney Transplantation 360° (NTX360°), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Department of Pediatric Kidney, Liver, and Metabolic Diseases, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Martina de Zwaan
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Project Kidney Transplantation 360° (NTX360°), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Mario Schiffer
- Project Kidney Transplantation 360° (NTX360°), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
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Zhang T, Yan R, Chen Q, Ying X, Zhai Y, Li F, Wang X, He F, Ye C, Lin J. Body mass index, waist-to-hip ratio and cognitive function among Chinese elderly: a cross-sectional study. BMJ Open 2018; 8:e022055. [PMID: 30341119 PMCID: PMC6196809 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-022055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the associations between body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) and cognitive function among Chinese elderly. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING Community. PARTICIPANTS Data were obtained from the baseline survey of a community-based cohort in Zhejiang Province, and 9326 persons aged 60 years and older were enrolled. PRIMARY OUTCOME MEASURES We investigated the association between BMI and cognition, and then explored the association between WHR and cognition across different quartiles of BMI. RESULTS A sample of 9087 persons was used in this study, including 4375 men and 4712 women. Higher WHR increased cognitive impairment risk in those with BMI >25.3 kg/m2 (OR (per 0.1 increase) 1.39; 95% CI 1.13 to 1.70). No statistically significant association was found in other BMI categories. CONCLUSIONS Higher WHR could increase the risk of cognitive impairment among elderly with BMI >25.3 kg/m2. Our results suggest that it could be of benefit to the elderly with high BMI to control WHR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Rui Yan
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qifeng Chen
- Shaoxing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xuhua Ying
- Yuhuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yujia Zhai
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fudong Li
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xinyi Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fan He
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chiyu Ye
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Junfen Lin
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Poulimeneas D, Yannakoulia M, Anastasiou CA, Scarmeas N. Weight Loss Maintenance: Have We Missed the Brain? Brain Sci 2018; 8:brainsci8090174. [PMID: 30208568 PMCID: PMC6162665 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci8090174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Even though obese individuals often succeed with weight loss, long-term weight loss maintenance remains elusive. Dietary, lifestyle and psychosocial correlates of weight loss maintenance have been researched, yet the nature of maintenance is still poorly understood. Studying the neural processing of weight loss maintainers may provide a much-needed insight towards sustained obesity management. In this narrative review, we evaluate and critically discuss available evidence regarding the food-related neural responses of weight loss maintainers, as opposed to those of obese or lean persons. While research is still ongoing, available data indicate that following weight loss, maintainers exhibit persistent reward related feeling over food, similar to that of obese persons. However, unlike in obese persons, in maintainers, reward-related brain activity appears to be counteracted by subsequently heightened inhibition. These findings suggest that post-dieting, maintainers acquire a certain level of cognitive control which possibly protects them from weight regaining. The prefrontal cortex, as well as the limbic system, encompass key regions of interest for weight loss maintenance, and their contributions to long term successful weight loss should be further explored. Future possibilities and supportive theories are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Poulimeneas
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, GR 17676 Athens, Greece.
| | - Mary Yannakoulia
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, GR 17676 Athens, Greece.
| | - Costas A Anastasiou
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, GR 17676 Athens, Greece.
- Eginition Hospital, 1st Neurology Clinic, Department of Social Medicine, Psychiatry and Neurology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, GR 15772 Athens, Greece.
| | - Nikolaos Scarmeas
- Eginition Hospital, 1st Neurology Clinic, Department of Social Medicine, Psychiatry and Neurology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, GR 15772 Athens, Greece.
- Taub Institute for Research in Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, The Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA.
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