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Martin SS, Aday AW, Almarzooq ZI, Anderson CAM, Arora P, Avery CL, Baker-Smith CM, Barone Gibbs B, Beaton AZ, Boehme AK, Commodore-Mensah Y, Currie ME, Elkind MSV, Evenson KR, Generoso G, Heard DG, Hiremath S, Johansen MC, Kalani R, Kazi DS, Ko D, Liu J, Magnani JW, Michos ED, Mussolino ME, Navaneethan SD, Parikh NI, Perman SM, Poudel R, Rezk-Hanna M, Roth GA, Shah NS, St-Onge MP, Thacker EL, Tsao CW, Urbut SM, Van Spall HGC, Voeks JH, Wang NY, Wong ND, Wong SS, Yaffe K, Palaniappan LP. 2024 Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics: A Report of US and Global Data From the American Heart Association. Circulation 2024; 149:e347-e913. [PMID: 38264914 DOI: 10.1161/cir.0000000000001209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 182.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The American Heart Association (AHA), in conjunction with the National Institutes of Health, annually reports the most up-to-date statistics related to heart disease, stroke, and cardiovascular risk factors, including core health behaviors (smoking, physical activity, nutrition, sleep, and obesity) and health factors (cholesterol, blood pressure, glucose control, and metabolic syndrome) that contribute to cardiovascular health. The AHA Heart Disease and Stroke Statistical Update presents the latest data on a range of major clinical heart and circulatory disease conditions (including stroke, brain health, complications of pregnancy, kidney disease, congenital heart disease, rhythm disorders, sudden cardiac arrest, subclinical atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, cardiomyopathy, heart failure, valvular disease, venous thromboembolism, and peripheral artery disease) and the associated outcomes (including quality of care, procedures, and economic costs). METHODS The AHA, through its Epidemiology and Prevention Statistics Committee, continuously monitors and evaluates sources of data on heart disease and stroke in the United States and globally to provide the most current information available in the annual Statistical Update with review of published literature through the year before writing. The 2024 AHA Statistical Update is the product of a full year's worth of effort in 2023 by dedicated volunteer clinicians and scientists, committed government professionals, and AHA staff members. The AHA strives to further understand and help heal health problems inflicted by structural racism, a public health crisis that can significantly damage physical and mental health and perpetuate disparities in access to health care, education, income, housing, and several other factors vital to healthy lives. This year's edition includes additional global data, as well as data on the monitoring and benefits of cardiovascular health in the population, with an enhanced focus on health equity across several key domains. RESULTS Each of the chapters in the Statistical Update focuses on a different topic related to heart disease and stroke statistics. CONCLUSIONS The Statistical Update represents a critical resource for the lay public, policymakers, media professionals, clinicians, health care administrators, researchers, health advocates, and others seeking the best available data on these factors and conditions.
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Tsao CW, Aday AW, Almarzooq ZI, Anderson CAM, Arora P, Avery CL, Baker-Smith CM, Beaton AZ, Boehme AK, Buxton AE, Commodore-Mensah Y, Elkind MSV, Evenson KR, Eze-Nliam C, Fugar S, Generoso G, Heard DG, Hiremath S, Ho JE, Kalani R, Kazi DS, Ko D, Levine DA, Liu J, Ma J, Magnani JW, Michos ED, Mussolino ME, Navaneethan SD, Parikh NI, Poudel R, Rezk-Hanna M, Roth GA, Shah NS, St-Onge MP, Thacker EL, Virani SS, Voeks JH, Wang NY, Wong ND, Wong SS, Yaffe K, Martin SS. Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics-2023 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association. Circulation 2023; 147:e93-e621. [PMID: 36695182 DOI: 10.1161/cir.0000000000001123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1484] [Impact Index Per Article: 1484.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The American Heart Association, in conjunction with the National Institutes of Health, annually reports the most up-to-date statistics related to heart disease, stroke, and cardiovascular risk factors, including core health behaviors (smoking, physical activity, diet, and weight) and health factors (cholesterol, blood pressure, and glucose control) that contribute to cardiovascular health. The Statistical Update presents the latest data on a range of major clinical heart and circulatory disease conditions (including stroke, congenital heart disease, rhythm disorders, subclinical atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, heart failure, valvular disease, venous disease, and peripheral artery disease) and the associated outcomes (including quality of care, procedures, and economic costs). METHODS The American Heart Association, through its Epidemiology and Prevention Statistics Committee, continuously monitors and evaluates sources of data on heart disease and stroke in the United States to provide the most current information available in the annual Statistical Update with review of published literature through the year before writing. The 2023 Statistical Update is the product of a full year's worth of effort in 2022 by dedicated volunteer clinicians and scientists, committed government professionals, and American Heart Association staff members. The American Heart Association strives to further understand and help heal health problems inflicted by structural racism, a public health crisis that can significantly damage physical and mental health and perpetuate disparities in access to health care, education, income, housing, and several other factors vital to healthy lives. This year's edition includes additional COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) publications, as well as data on the monitoring and benefits of cardiovascular health in the population, with an enhanced focus on health equity across several key domains. RESULTS Each of the chapters in the Statistical Update focuses on a different topic related to heart disease and stroke statistics. CONCLUSIONS The Statistical Update represents a critical resource for the lay public, policymakers, media professionals, clinicians, health care administrators, researchers, health advocates, and others seeking the best available data on these factors and conditions.
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Benincasa G, Coscioni E, Napoli C. Cardiovascular risk factors and molecular routes underlying endothelial dysfunction: Novel opportunities for primary prevention. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 202:115108. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Tsao CW, Aday AW, Almarzooq ZI, Alonso A, Beaton AZ, Bittencourt MS, Boehme AK, Buxton AE, Carson AP, Commodore-Mensah Y, Elkind MSV, Evenson KR, Eze-Nliam C, Ferguson JF, Generoso G, Ho JE, Kalani R, Khan SS, Kissela BM, Knutson KL, Levine DA, Lewis TT, Liu J, Loop MS, Ma J, Mussolino ME, Navaneethan SD, Perak AM, Poudel R, Rezk-Hanna M, Roth GA, Schroeder EB, Shah SH, Thacker EL, VanWagner LB, Virani SS, Voecks JH, Wang NY, Yaffe K, Martin SS. Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics-2022 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association. Circulation 2022; 145:e153-e639. [PMID: 35078371 DOI: 10.1161/cir.0000000000001052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2650] [Impact Index Per Article: 1325.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The American Heart Association, in conjunction with the National Institutes of Health, annually reports the most up-to-date statistics related to heart disease, stroke, and cardiovascular risk factors, including core health behaviors (smoking, physical activity, diet, and weight) and health factors (cholesterol, blood pressure, and glucose control) that contribute to cardiovascular health. The Statistical Update presents the latest data on a range of major clinical heart and circulatory disease conditions (including stroke, congenital heart disease, rhythm disorders, subclinical atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, heart failure, valvular disease, venous disease, and peripheral artery disease) and the associated outcomes (including quality of care, procedures, and economic costs). METHODS The American Heart Association, through its Statistics Committee, continuously monitors and evaluates sources of data on heart disease and stroke in the United States to provide the most current information available in the annual Statistical Update. The 2022 Statistical Update is the product of a full year's worth of effort by dedicated volunteer clinicians and scientists, committed government professionals, and American Heart Association staff members. This year's edition includes data on the monitoring and benefits of cardiovascular health in the population and an enhanced focus on social determinants of health, adverse pregnancy outcomes, vascular contributions to brain health, and the global burden of cardiovascular disease and healthy life expectancy. RESULTS Each of the chapters in the Statistical Update focuses on a different topic related to heart disease and stroke statistics. CONCLUSIONS The Statistical Update represents a critical resource for the lay public, policymakers, media professionals, clinicians, health care administrators, researchers, health advocates, and others seeking the best available data on these factors and conditions.
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Di Serafino L, Mangiacapra F, Pyxaras S, Morisco C, Bartunek J, De Bruyne B, De Luise F, Wijns W, Barbato E. Relationship between peripheral arterial reactive hyperemia and the index of myocardial resistance in patients undergoing invasive coronary angiography. Int J Cardiol 2021; 333:8-13. [PMID: 33667574 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2021.02.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronary microvascular dysfunction is a powerful prognostic factor in patients with coronary artery disease. We investigated the role of reactive digital hyperemia peripheral arterial tonometry (RH-PAT) as a non-invasive tool to identify patients with impaired coronary microvasculature. METHODS Patients undergoing elective coronary angiography were consecutively assessed for peripheral microvascular endothelial function before coronary angiography: both the Reactive Hyperemic Index (RHI) and the Framingham reactive hyperemic index (Endoscore) were measured. During coronary angiography, the Index of microvascular resistance (IMR) was measured in all patients, and an IMR value > 25 identified patients with coronary microvascular impairment. RESULTS A total of 47 patients with chronic coronary syndromes candidate to coronary angiography were included. Those with coronary microvascular impairment (n = 18 [38%]) presented with significantly lower RHI (1.68 ± 0.38 vs. 1.94 ± 0.93, p = 0.04) and Endoscore 0.50 ± 0.23 vs. 0.64 ± 0.23, p = 0.04) values as compared with patients with preserved coronary microvasculature. A significant relationship was observed between IMR with both RHI (r = 0.35, p = 0.02) and Endoscore (r = 0.34, p = 0.02). At the multivariable analysis, RHI and Endoscore were the only independent predictors of an IMR > 25. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrates that digital reactive hyperemia indexes are lower in patients with high IMR values, suggesting a role for RH-PAT as non-invasive tool for identifying patients with coronary microvascular impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Di Serafino
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy; Cardiovascular Center Aalst, OLV Hospital, Aalst, Belgium
| | - Fabio Mangiacapra
- Cardiovascular Center Aalst, OLV Hospital, Aalst, Belgium; Unit of Cardiovascular Science, Department of Medicine, Campus Bio-Medico University, Rome, Italy
| | - Stylianos Pyxaras
- Cardiovascular Center Aalst, OLV Hospital, Aalst, Belgium; Cardiology Department, Coburg-Clinic, Coburg, Germany
| | - Carmine Morisco
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Jozef Bartunek
- Cardiovascular Center Aalst, OLV Hospital, Aalst, Belgium
| | | | - Federica De Luise
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - William Wijns
- The Lambe Institute for Translational Medicine and Curam, National University of Ireland, Galway and Saolta University Healthcare Group, Galway, Ireland
| | - Emanuele Barbato
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy; Cardiovascular Center Aalst, OLV Hospital, Aalst, Belgium.
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Virani SS, Alonso A, Aparicio HJ, Benjamin EJ, Bittencourt MS, Callaway CW, Carson AP, Chamberlain AM, Cheng S, Delling FN, Elkind MSV, Evenson KR, Ferguson JF, Gupta DK, Khan SS, Kissela BM, Knutson KL, Lee CD, Lewis TT, Liu J, Loop MS, Lutsey PL, Ma J, Mackey J, Martin SS, Matchar DB, Mussolino ME, Navaneethan SD, Perak AM, Roth GA, Samad Z, Satou GM, Schroeder EB, Shah SH, Shay CM, Stokes A, VanWagner LB, Wang NY, Tsao CW. Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics-2021 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association. Circulation 2021; 143:e254-e743. [PMID: 33501848 DOI: 10.1161/cir.0000000000000950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3187] [Impact Index Per Article: 1062.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The American Heart Association, in conjunction with the National Institutes of Health, annually reports the most up-to-date statistics related to heart disease, stroke, and cardiovascular risk factors, including core health behaviors (smoking, physical activity, diet, and weight) and health factors (cholesterol, blood pressure, and glucose control) that contribute to cardiovascular health. The Statistical Update presents the latest data on a range of major clinical heart and circulatory disease conditions (including stroke, congenital heart disease, rhythm disorders, subclinical atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, heart failure, valvular disease, venous disease, and peripheral artery disease) and the associated outcomes (including quality of care, procedures, and economic costs). METHODS The American Heart Association, through its Statistics Committee, continuously monitors and evaluates sources of data on heart disease and stroke in the United States to provide the most current information available in the annual Statistical Update. The 2021 Statistical Update is the product of a full year's worth of effort by dedicated volunteer clinicians and scientists, committed government professionals, and American Heart Association staff members. This year's edition includes data on the monitoring and benefits of cardiovascular health in the population, an enhanced focus on social determinants of health, adverse pregnancy outcomes, vascular contributions to brain health, the global burden of cardiovascular disease, and further evidence-based approaches to changing behaviors related to cardiovascular disease. RESULTS Each of the 27 chapters in the Statistical Update focuses on a different topic related to heart disease and stroke statistics. CONCLUSIONS The Statistical Update represents a critical resource for the lay public, policy makers, media professionals, clinicians, health care administrators, researchers, health advocates, and others seeking the best available data on these factors and conditions.
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Taher R, Sara JD, Toya T, Shepherd R, Moder K, Lerman LO, Lerman A. Secondary Raynaud's phenomenon is associated with microvascular peripheral endothelial dysfunction. Microvasc Res 2020; 132:104040. [PMID: 32768463 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2020.104040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies in patients with Raynaud's phenomenon (RP) have found an association between microvascular abnormalities assessed by nail fold capillaroscopy and macrovascular peripheral endothelial dysfunction (PED), but the association between RP and nitric oxide related (NO) microvascular PED is not yet established. We performed a retrospective cross-sectional analysis of patients who were referred to Mayo Clinic between 2006 and 2014 for routine cardiovascular evaluation and who underwent evaluation of Reactive Hyperemia Peripheral Arterial Tonometry (index <2 consistent with PED). Identification of the presence of RP was determined by retrospective chart review. Six hundred sixty six individuals were included in this study (mean age 51.9 ± 13.5 years, 411 (61.3%) women), 637 (95.1%) individuals did not have RP (control group), and 29 (4.3%) had secondary RP. Only 4 patients had primary RP and were thus excluded from the final analyses. In a multivariate analysis adjusting for age, sex, smoking status, and use of statins we found a significant association between secondary RP and microvascular PED in all patients (Odds ratio: 2.45; 95% confidence interval 1.13-5.34; P = 0.0236) that remained significant in women after stratifying by sex. Secondary RP is associated with microvascular PED, detected using a non-invasive NO-dependent method. Early detection of microvascular PED could help in identifying individuals with secondary RP who are at risk for developing connective tissue disease as well as CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riad Taher
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Jaskanwal D Sara
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Takumi Toya
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Roger Shepherd
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Kevin Moder
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Lilach O Lerman
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Amir Lerman
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN, USA.
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Toya T, Sara JD, Ahmad A, Nardi V, Taher R, Lerman LO, Lerman A. Incremental Prognostic Impact of Peripheral Microvascular Endothelial Dysfunction on the Development of Ischemic Stroke. J Am Heart Assoc 2020; 9:e015703. [PMID: 32319335 PMCID: PMC7428575 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.119.015703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Background Peripheral microvascular endothelial dysfunction (PMED) has been linked to an increased risk of cardiovascular events, but there is a lack of information characterizing the predictive value of PMED for future risk of ischemic stroke (IS). Methods and Results This retrospective observational cohort study enrolled 637 patients who underwent non‐invasive microvascular endothelial function assessment using reactive hyperemia peripheral arterial tonometry. Reactive hyperemia peripheral arterial tonometry index ≤2 was defined as PMED. Of 280 patients with PMED, 12 (4.3%) patients developed IS, compared with only 4 (1.1%) of 357 patients without PMED during a median follow‐up of 5.3 years. Patients with PMED had lower IS‐free survival compared with patients without PMED (log‐rank P=0.03). Cox proportional hazard ratio (HR) analyses showed that PMED predicted the incidence of IS, with a HR of 3.43, 95% CI, 1.10–10.63 (P=0.03); adjusted HR of 3.70, 95% CI, 1.18–11.59 (P=0.02) after adjusting for sex, smoking history, and atrial fibrillation; adjusted HR of 3.45, 95% CI, 1.11–10.72 (P=0.03) after adjusting for CHA2DS2‐VASc score; adjusted HR of 5.70, 95% CI, 1.40–23.29 (P=0.02) after adjusting for revised Framingham Stroke Risk Score. Reactive hyperemia peripheral arterial tonometry index improved discrimination of risk for IS after adding reactive hyperemia peripheral arterial tonometry index to CHA2DS2‐VASc score and revised Framingham Stroke Risk Score. Conclusions PMED was associated with a >3‐fold increased risk of IS. These findings underscore the concept of the systemic nature of endothelial dysfunction, which could act as a potential marker to predict future risk of IS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takumi Toya
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine Mayo Clinic Rochester MN.,Division of Cardiology National Defense Medical College Tokorozawa Saitama Japan
| | | | - Ali Ahmad
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine Mayo Clinic Rochester MN
| | - Valentina Nardi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine Mayo Clinic Rochester MN
| | - Riad Taher
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine Mayo Clinic Rochester MN
| | - Lilach O Lerman
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension Mayo Clinic Rochester MN
| | - Amir Lerman
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine Mayo Clinic Rochester MN
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Paineiras-Domingos LL, Sá-Caputo DDC, Francisca-Santos A, Reis-Silva A, Carvalho-Lima RP, Neves MFT, Xavier VL, Quinart H, Boyer FC, Sartorio A, Taiar R, Bernardo-Filho M. Can whole body vibration exercises promote improvement on quality of life and on chronic pain level of metabolic syndrome patients? A pseudorandomized crossover study. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2020; 128:934-940. [PMID: 32078471 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00068.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Quality of life (QoL) is one of the most important health outcome concepts expressed subjectively. Chronic pain (CP) is an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage. Taking into account the poor QoL and the CP already described in metabolic syndrome (MSy) individuals, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of whole body vibration exercises (WBVE) on these parameters in this population. Thirty-three MSy patients were divided in subgroups A [whole body vibration exercise group (WBVeG), n = 17, 15 females/2 males, 61.1 ± 8.4 yr] and B (control group, n = 16, 14 females/2 males, 58.2 ± 9.1 yr). Subgroup A performed 10 sessions (2 times/wk) of WBVE (18 min/session, with a frequency from 5 up to 14 Hz and a peak-to-peak displacement of 2.5, 5.0, and 7.5 mm) on a side-alternating vibrating platform (VP). Subgroup B did the same protocol, but the VP was turned off. The individuals answered the World Health Organization Quality of Life bref (WHOQoL-bref) questionnaire before the first and after the 10th session. The chronic pain level (CPL) was measured by a numeric rating scale (0-10) before and at the end of each session. Significant improvements were found in physical health (P = 0.05) and psychological health (P = 0.04) domains of WHOQoL-bref in WBVeG. A significant acute reduction of the CPL was found in the WBVeG after the protocol, considering the first session and at the last session. WBVE marginally improved physical health and psychological health and decrease the CPL in acute interventions.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Metabolic syndrome patients experience poor quality of life, frequently associated with lack of exercise and bad dietary habits. Additionally, factors such as obesity, neuromusculoskeletal impairment, and peripheral endothelial dysfunction result in a chronic pain level. Whole body vibration exercise might represent a suitable physical therapy, since it is easy to perform, low cost, safe, and capable of promoting an improvement of quality of life and reducing chronic pain level during acute interventions in metabolic syndrome individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laisa Liane Paineiras-Domingos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Médicas, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Laboratório de Vibrações Mecânicas e Práticas Integrativas, Departamento de Biofísica e Biometria, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcântara Gomes e Policlínica Piquet Carneiro, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Faculdade Bezerra de Araújo, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Danúbia da Cunha Sá-Caputo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Médicas, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Laboratório de Vibrações Mecânicas e Práticas Integrativas, Departamento de Biofísica e Biometria, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcântara Gomes e Policlínica Piquet Carneiro, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Faculdade Bezerra de Araújo, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Arlete Francisca-Santos
- Laboratório de Vibrações Mecânicas e Práticas Integrativas, Departamento de Biofísica e Biometria, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcântara Gomes e Policlínica Piquet Carneiro, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Faculdade Bezerra de Araújo, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Aline Reis-Silva
- Laboratório de Vibrações Mecânicas e Práticas Integrativas, Departamento de Biofísica e Biometria, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcântara Gomes e Policlínica Piquet Carneiro, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Mestrado Profissional em Saúde, Medicina Laboratorial e Tecnologia Forense, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rafaelle Pacheco Carvalho-Lima
- Laboratório de Vibrações Mecânicas e Práticas Integrativas, Departamento de Biofísica e Biometria, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcântara Gomes e Policlínica Piquet Carneiro, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Mario Fritsch T Neves
- Departamento de Clínica Médica do HUPE, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Vinicius Layter Xavier
- Departamento de Estatística, Instituto de Matemática e Estatística, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Hervé Quinart
- Institut de Formation en Masso-kinésithérapie, Reims, France
| | - François Constant Boyer
- Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine Department, Sebastopol Hospital, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, France
| | - Alessandro Sartorio
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Experimental Laboratory for Auxo-endocrinological Research, Milan and Verbania, Italy
| | - Redha Taiar
- University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, France
| | - Mario Bernardo-Filho
- Laboratório de Vibrações Mecânicas e Práticas Integrativas, Departamento de Biofísica e Biometria, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcântara Gomes e Policlínica Piquet Carneiro, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Evaluation of Vascular Endothelial Function in Young and Middle-Aged Women with Respect to a History of Pregnancy, Pregnancy-Related Complications, Classical Cardiovascular Risk Factors, and Epigenetics. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21020430. [PMID: 31936594 PMCID: PMC7013677 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21020430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to examine the effect of previous pregnancies and classical cardiovascular risk factors on vascular endothelial function in a group of 264 young and middle-aged women 3 to 11 years postpartum. We examined microvascular functions by peripheral arterial tonometry and EndoPAT 2000 device with respect to a history of gestational hypertension, preeclampsia, fetal growth restriction, the severity of the disease with regard to the degree of clinical signs and delivery date. Besides, we compared Reactive Hyperemia Index (RHI) values and the prevalence of vascular endothelial dysfunction among the groups of women with normal and abnormal values of BMI, waist circumference, systolic and diastolic blood pressures, heart rate, total serum cholesterol levels, serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, serum triglycerides levels, serum lipoprotein A levels, serum C-reactive protein levels, serum uric acid levels, and plasma homocysteine levels. Furthermore, we determined the effect of total number of pregnancies and total parity per woman, infertility and blood pressure treatment, presence of trombophilic gene mutations, current smoking of cigarettes, and current hormonal contraceptive use on the vascular endothelial function. We also examined the association between the vascular endothelial function and postpartum whole peripheral blood expression of microRNAs involved in pathogenesis of cardiovascular/cerebrovascular diseases (miR-1-3p, miR-16-5p, miR-17-5p, miR-20a-5p, miR-20b-5p, miR-21-5p, miR-23a-3p, miR-24-3p, miR-26a-5p, miR-29a-3p, miR-92a-3p, miR-100-5p, miR-103a-3p, miR-125b-5p, miR-126-3p, miR-130b-3p, miR-133a-3p, miR-143-3p, miR-145-5p, miR-146a-5p, miR-155-5p, miR-181a-5p, miR-195-5p, miR-199a-5p, miR-210-3p, miR-221-3p, miR-342-3p, miR-499a-5p, and miR-574-3p). A proportion of overweight women (17.94% and 20.59%) and women with central obesity (18.64% and 21.19%) had significantly lower RHI values at 10.0% false positive rate (FPR) both before and after adjustment of the data for the age of patients. At 10.0% FPR, a proportion of women with vascular endothelial dysfunction (RHI ≤ 1.67) was identified to have up-regulated expression profile of miR-1-3p (11.76%), miR-23a-3p (17.65%), and miR-499a-5p (18.82%) in whole peripheral blood. RHI values also negatively correlated with expression of miR-1-3p, miR-23a-3p, and miR-499a-5p in whole peripheral blood. Otherwise, no significant impact of other studied factors on vascular endothelial function was found. We suppose that screening of these particular microRNAs associated with vascular endothelial dysfunction may help to stratify a highly risky group of young and middle-aged women that would benefit from early implementation of primary prevention strategies. Nevertheless, it is obvious, that vascular endothelial dysfunction is just one out of multiple cardiovascular risk factors which has only a partial impact on abnormal expression of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease associated microRNAs in whole peripheral blood of young and middle-aged women.
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