Psychometric Evaluation of the Farsi Version of the Self-Care of Diabetes Inventory in Iranian Patients with Diabetes

Developing post-stroke psychometric properties for an Adherence to rehabilitation regimen scale: A sequential exploratory mixed-method study

INTRODUCTION

Adherence to rehabilitation in patients post-stroke plays a significant role in the effectiveness of rehabilitation and patient recovery. This study aimed to design and determine the psychometric properties of a scale for measuring adherence to the rehabilitation regimen in patients post-stroke in the Iranian community.

METHODS

The present study used a sequential exploratory mixed method and was conducted in two phases (phase one qualitative and phase two quantitative). Participants in the first phase were patients post-stroke, caregivers, and rehabilitation team members (n=20). The second phase was conducted on patients post-stroke (n=198), and the psychometric steps, including face, content, and construct validity, as well as reliability, were assessed.

RESULTS

The Adherence to Rehabilitation Regimen Scale (ARRS)was designed with 26 items and four factors of participation: 1) physical exercises, 2) following prescribed regimens, 3) performing the activities of daily living, and 4) psychological follow-up. The internal consistency was 0.96 by calculating Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The Interclass Correlation Coefficient was 0.99 with a confidence interval of 0.96-0.99.

CONCLUSION

The scale measuring adherence to the rehabilitation regimen in patients post-stroke has optimal psychometric properties. Therefore, as the first specific scale to measure the degree of rehabilitation regimen adherence in patients post-stroke, this tool may be beneficial for other rehabilitation programs interested in managing and improving program adherence.

The relationship between personality profile and self-care among patients with type 2 diabetes

Background

As a chronic disease, diabetes needs special self-care behaviors until the end of life. Personality traits are considered to be effective psychological factors in controlling diabetes and self-care in patients with diabetes. The present study was conducted to determine the relationship between personality profile and self-care among people with type 2 diabetes.

Methods

In this descriptive-correlational study conducted in 2021, 160 patients with type 2 diabetes referred to the diabetes clinic of Imam Khomeini Educational and Medical Center in Ardabil were selected by convenience sampling method. The data collection tools included the Diabetes Self-Care Activities questionnaire (SDSCA) and the short form of the Millon Multi-Axis Clinical Test (MCMI-3), which were completed through interviews with patients. Data were analyzed by SPSS software using descriptive statistics (mean, SD, and frequency) and inferential statistics (Pearson correlation coefficient and linear regression).

Results

Based on the results, apart from the obsessive personality disorder, which had a positive relationship with self-care behaviors, a significant negative correlation was observed between schizoid, avoidant, depressed, dependent, antisocial, self-harming, borderline, and paranoid personality disorders with self-care behaviors (p < 0.01).

Conclusion

The results showed that there is a significant negative relationship between personality profile and self-care status of patients with type 2 diabetes. In other words, a person's personality profile can predict self-care behaviors. Accordingly, personality traits can be considered as one of the influencing factors on self-care in the educational programs of diabetic patients. Holding educational classes to empower patients using psychological interventions and teaching effective solutions can be an effective step toward increasing the level of mental-physical health and self-care of patients with type 2 diabetes.

Validation and psychometric properties of the Farsi version of the fear of COVID-19 scale among pregnant women

OBJECTIVE

The Covid-19 epidemic, which has become the most challenging issue for health organizations and governments, has led to panic among people, especially pregnant women. The aim of this study was to investigate the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S) on a sample of Iranian pregnant women.

METHODS

This cross-sectional study was performed on 500 pregnant women referred to gynecology offices in Tehran. Construct validity was performed using exploratory (with maximum likelihood method and Promax rotation) and confirmatory factor analysis. Cronbach's alpha and McDonald omega coefficients were used to examine internal consistency.

RESULTS

The mean age of the women was 28.98 (SD = 5.86) years. In exploratory factor analysis, two factors were extracted-emotional response and physiological response, which together explained 65.21% of the total variance of fear of Covid-19. In the confirmatory factor analysis, the final model had a good fit: CMIN/df = 1.515, goodness of fit index (GFI) = 0.981, adjusted goodness of fit index (AGFI) = 0.956, normed fit index (NFI) = 0.979, Incremental Fit Index (IFI) = 0.993, comparative fit index (CFI) = 0.993, and root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) = 0.045 (95% CI: 0.001-0.085). Cronbach alpha and McDonald omega coefficients for the first factor were 0.874 and 0.878, and for the second factor were 0.853 and 0.854, respectively.

CONCLUSION

The FCV-19S in pregnant women has a good construct validity and can be used in various studies.

Psychometric properties of the Farsi version of diabetes burnout scale in patients with type 1 diabetes

OBJECTIVE

Diabetes burnout refers to the feeling of exhaustion and frustration in the management of diabetes, which can lead to treatment non-adherence, poor glycemic control, and a high prevalence of diabetes complications. Measuring diabetes burnout requires accurate and standard instruments. The aim of this study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Farsi version Diabetes Burnout Scale (F-DBS).

METHODS

This cross-sectional study was performed on 550 patients with type 1 diabetes (262 men and 288 women) referred to diabetes centers in different cities of Hamedan province (Asadabad, Hamedan, Malayer, and Nahavand) in 2021. The mean age and duration of the disease in these patients were 35.58 (SD=14.32) and 15.02 (SD=10.60) years, respectively. Data were collected using the Diabetes Burnout Scale (DBS), Patient Health Questionnaire-9 and Kessler psychological distress scale. After forward-backward translation, face, content and convergent validity were performed. To evaluate the construct validity, convergent validity, exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis were performed. Internal consistency was examined with Cronbach's alpha coefficients.

RESULTS

In the exploratory factor analysis, two factors of exhaustion (five items) and detachment (seven items) were extracted, which together explained 46.58% of the total variance. In confirmatory factor analysis, the fit indices were appropriate. There was a significant positive correlation between diabetes burnout and depression (r = 0.30, p < 0.001) and psychological distress (r = 0.36, p < 0.001). Cronbach's alpha coefficient of diabetes burnout, exhaustion and detachment were 0.813, 0.846 and 0.812, respectively.

CONCLUSION

The Farsi version of the Diabetes Burnout scale has acceptable validity and reliability and can be used in various studies.

Validity and Reliability of the Korean Version of the Self-Care of Diabetes Inventory (SCODI-K)

This was a methodological study to evaluate the validity and reliability of the Korean version of the Self-Care of Diabetes Inventory (SCODI-K). A total of 210 patients with type 2 diabetes from a university hospital were enrolled. Content validity, construct validity, and criterion-related validity were evaluated. Cronbach’s α was used to assess reliability. The SCODI-K consisted of 40 items in four dimensions (self-care maintenance, self-care monitoring, self-care management, and confidence). Four factors (activity-nutritional behavior, health-adherence behavior, health-promotion behavior, diet-restriction behavior) in the dimension of self-care maintenance, two factors (health status monitoring, symptom recognition) in the dimension of self-care monitoring, three factors (glucose self-control, problem-solving behavior, consultative self-care) in the dimension of self-care management, and one factor (self-care confidence) in the dimension of confidence were extracted. Confirmatory factor analysis supported a good fit with reliable scores for the SCODI-K model (normed chi-square(χ²/df) < 5, root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) < 0.1, comparative fit index (CFI) ≥ 0.9, goodness-of-fit-index (GFI) ≥ 0.9). The SCODI-K showed a high positive correlation coefficient of 0.75 with the summary of diabetes self-care activities (SDSCA), confirming convergent validity. Cronbach’s α was 0.92 for the overall scale and 0.69 to 0.90 for the four dimensions. Therefore, the SCODI-K is a valid and reliable instrument for assessing self-care of patients with type 2 diabetes in Korea.

Examination of the psychometric properties of the persian version of the COVID-19-impact on Quality of Life Scale

Introduction

As a result of high transmission and mortality rates, the Covid-19 pandemic has led to a worldwide health crisis, isolation, and widespread fear, therefore negatively influencing people’s quality of life (QOL). The goal of the present study was to examine the psychometric properties (validity and reliability) of the Persian version of the COVID-19-Impact on Quality of Life (COV19-QoL) scale.

Methods

After translating the scale using the forward–backward method, face and content validly was qualitatively assessed. Then the scale was distributed to 488 individuals from the general population via online platforms. Construct validity was assessed using exploratory (EFA) and confirmatory (CFA) factor analysis. In addition, internal consistency was examined using Cronbach’s alpha coefficient and McDonald’s omega, relative stability was assessed using interclass correlation coefficient (ICC), and absolute stability was calculated through examination of standard error of measurement.

Results

The EFA revealed one factor that explained 55.96% of the total variance of the scale. Internal consistencies of 0.823 and 0.882 were found using Cronbach’s alpha coefficient and McDonald’s omega, respectively. In addition, an ICC of 0.837 (with a two-week interval) was found. Covid-19 had a greater impact on the QOL of healthy participants than that of those with underling conditions (p = 0.004), and also on the QOL of single participants than that of married ones (p = 0.032).

Conclusion

The Persian version of the COV19-QoL is a valid and reliable instrument that can be used to examine the impact of Covid-19 on QOL.

Psychometric evaluation of the Farsi version of the diabetes foot self-care bahavior scale

BACKGROUND

Diabetes foot self-care is one of the self-management behaviors of diabetic patients leading to a reduction in the incidence of pressure ulcers and amputation. Having a valid, reliable, simple and comprehensive tool is essential in measuring the self-care behavior of diabetic patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Farsi version of the diabetes foot self-care bahavior scale (DFSBS) in Iran.

METHODS

In this cross-sectional and methodological study, 500 patients with type 2 diabetes were recruited by convenience sampling. Construct validity was assessed by exploratory factor analysis (over 300 patients) and confirmatory factor analysis (over 200 patients). Internal consistency was calculated by Cronbach's alpha coefficient and its stability was calculated by intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC).

RESULTS

In the exploratory factor analysis, two self-care factors related to feet and shoes were extracted which had specific values of 38.49 and 1.24, respectively, and were able to account for 56.22% of the total self-care variance of diabetes foot. Confirmatory factor analysis had excellent fit model. The internal consistency and ICC of the whole instrument were 0.83 and 0.791 (95% CI: 0.575-0.925; P < 0.001), respectively.

CONCLUSIONS

The Farsi version of DFSBS (F-DFSBS) has good validity and reliability, and due to its appropriate psychometric properties, this tool can be used in future studies.

Polish Adaptation of the Self-Care of Diabetes Inventory (SCODI)

PURPOSE

As the guidelines indicate, education and self-care in diabetic patients are essential elements in the treatment process. The efficient evaluation of the level of self-care will enable the patient's needs to be identified and education and care to be optimised. The Self-Care of Diabetes Inventory (SCODI) is a valid and reliable tool which can measure self-care behaviours among patients with diabetes. The purpose of this study was to assess the reliability of the Polish version of the SCODI.

METHODS

The World Health Organization (WHO) translation protocol was used for the translation and cultural adaptation of the English version of the SCODI into Polish. The study included 276 Polish patients with type 2 diabetes (mean age 61.28±12.02 years). There were 145 men and 131 women in the study. The internal consistency of the SCODI was evaluated using Cronbach's Alpha.

RESULTS

The original four actor tool structure was confirmed. The mean overall levels of self-care in the four SCODI scales in the study group were self-care maintenance (67.66 pts; SD=18.55), self-care monitoring (61.81 pts; SD=24.94), self-care management (54.65 pts; SD=22.98) and self-care confidence (62.86 pts; SD=20.87). The item-total correlations were positive, so there is no need to change the scales of any of the questions. The overall consistencies for individual scales were assessed using Cronbach's Alpha: self-care maintenance (0.759), self-care monitoring (0.741), self-care management (0.695) and self-care confidence (0.932). Exploratory factor analysis and item factor loadings of the individual items ranged from 0.137 to 0.886 and, with two exceptions (questions number 23 and 32), were statistically significant (p<0.05).

CONCLUSION

The SCODI questionnaire has acceptable internal consistency and reliability in assessing self-care among diabetic patients in the Polish population. This reliable research tool can be managed in planned studies of Polish patients with diabetes.