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Aurich S, Müller L, Kovacs P, Keller M. Implication of DNA methylation during lifestyle mediated weight loss. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1181002. [PMID: 37614712 PMCID: PMC10442821 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1181002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past 50 years, the number of overweight/obese people increased significantly, making obesity a global public health challenge. Apart from rare monogenic forms, obesity is a multifactorial disease, most likely resulting from a concerted interaction of genetic, epigenetic and environmental factors. Although recent studies opened new avenues in elucidating the complex genetics behind obesity, the biological mechanisms contributing to individual's risk to become obese are not yet fully understood. Non-genetic factors such as eating behaviour or physical activity are strong contributing factors for the onset of obesity. These factors may interact with genetic predispositions most likely via epigenetic mechanisms. Epigenome-wide association studies or methylome-wide association studies are measuring DNA methylation at single CpGs across thousands of genes and capture associations to obesity phenotypes such as BMI. However, they only represent a snapshot in the complex biological network and cannot distinguish between causes and consequences. Intervention studies are therefore a suitable method to control for confounding factors and to avoid possible sources of bias. In particular, intervention studies documenting changes in obesity-associated epigenetic markers during lifestyle driven weight loss, make an important contribution to a better understanding of epigenetic reprogramming in obesity. To investigate the impact of lifestyle in obesity state specific DNA methylation, especially concerning the development of new strategies for prevention and individual therapy, we reviewed 19 most recent human intervention studies. In summary, this review highlights the huge potential of targeted interventions to alter disease-associated epigenetic patterns. However, there is an urgent need for further robust and larger studies to identify the specific DNA methylation biomarkers which influence obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Aurich
- Medical Department III - Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG) of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Luise Müller
- Medical Department III - Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Peter Kovacs
- Medical Department III - Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Diabetesforschung e.V., Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Maria Keller
- Medical Department III - Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG) of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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Evans C, Curtis J, Antonio J. FTO and Anthropometrics: The Role of Modifiable Factors. J Funct Morphol Kinesiol 2022; 7:jfmk7040090. [PMID: 36278751 PMCID: PMC9589926 DOI: 10.3390/jfmk7040090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous gene variants are linked to an individual's propensity to become overweight or obese. The most commonly studied gene variant is the FTO single nucleotide polymorphism. The FTO risk allele is linked with increased body mass, BMI and other lifestyle factors that may perpetuate an individual's risk for obesity. Studies assessing eating behaviors, eating preferences, nutrition interventions and other lifestyle factors were reviewed. These studies demonstrated a clear difference in eating behaviors and preferences. Lifestyle modifications including physical activity and diet were effective in weight management even in those with the risk allele.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra Evans
- Health and Human Performance, Nova Southeastern University, Davie, FL 33314, USA
- Healthy Sciences, Rocky Mountain University of Health Professions, Provo, UT 84606, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-954-709-4929
| | - Jason Curtis
- Exercise Science, Keiser University, West Palm Beach, FL 33411, USA
| | - Jose Antonio
- Health and Human Performance, Nova Southeastern University, Davie, FL 33314, USA
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Moura FH, Macias-Franco A, Pena-Bello CA, Archilia EC, Batalha IM, Silva AEM, Moreira GM, Norris AB, Schütz LF, Fonseca MA. Sperm DNA 5-methyl cytosine and RNA N6-methyladenosine methylation are differently affected during periods of body weight losses and body weight gain of young and mature breeding bulls. J Anim Sci 2021; 100:6460477. [PMID: 34902028 PMCID: PMC8849232 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skab362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Aiming to characterize the effects of nutritional status on epigenetic markers, such as DNA 5-methyl cytosine (mC) methylation and RNA N6-methyladenosine (m6A) methylation, of bovine sperm, 12 Angus × Hereford crossbred breeding bulls were submitted to nutritional changes for a period of 180 d: no change in body weight (BW) (phase 1 = 12 d), BW loss (phase 2 = 78 d), and BW gain (phase 3 = 90 d) in a repeated measures design. Animals were fed Beardless wheat (Triticum aestivum) hay and mineral mix. Statistical analyses were performed using SAS 9.4 (SAS Inst., Cary, NC). Higher levels of RNA m6A (P = 0.004) and DNA methylation (P = 0.007) of spermatic cells were observed at phase 2 compared with phase 1. In phase 3, sperm RNA m6A methylation levels continued to be higher (P = 0.004), whereas the DNA of sperm cells was similar (P = 0.426) compared with phase 1. Growing bulls had a tendency (P = 0.109) of higher RNA m6A methylation levels than mature bulls. Phase 2 altered scrotal circumference (P < 0.001), sperm volume (P = 0.007), sperm total motility (P = 0.004), sperm progressive motility (P = 0.004), total sperm count (P = 0.049), normal sperm (P < 0.001), abnormal sperm (P < 0.001), primary sperm defects (P = 0.039), and secondary sperm defects (P < 0.001). In phase 3, bulls had scrotal circumference, sperm volume, sperm motility, sperm progressive motility, total sperm count, normal and abnormal spermatozoa, and primary and secondary spermatozoa defects similar to phase 1 (P > 0.05). Serum concentrations of insulin-like growth factor-1 and leptin decreased during phase 2 (P = 0.010), while no differences (P > 0.05) were detected between phases 3 and 1; growing bulls tended (P = 0.102) to present higher leptin levels than mature bulls. Specific for mature bulls, DNA methylation was positively correlated with leptin concentration (0.569, P = 0.021), whereas for young bulls, DNA methylation was positively correlated with abnormal spermatozoa (0.824, P = 0.006), primary spermatozoa defect (0.711, P = 0.032), and secondary spermatozoa defect (0.661, P = 0.052) and negatively correlated with normal spermatozoa (-0.824, P = 0.006), total sperm count (-0.702, P = 0.035), and sperm concentration (-0.846, P = 0.004). There was no significant correlation (P > 0.05) between RNA m6A and hormones and semen traits. In conclusion, the nutritional status of breeding bulls alters epigenetic markers, such as DNA methylation and RNA m6A methylation, in sperm, and the impact of change seems to be age dependent. These markers may serve as biomarkers of sperm quality and fertility of bulls in the future. Detrimental effects on sperm production and seminal quality are observed at periods and places when and where environmental and nutritional limitations are a year-round reality and may carry hidden players that may influence a lifetime of underperformance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe H Moura
- Department of Animal, Veterinary and Rangeland Sciences, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - Arturo Macias-Franco
- Department of Animal, Veterinary and Rangeland Sciences, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - Camilo A Pena-Bello
- Department of Animal, Veterinary and Rangeland Sciences, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - Evandro C Archilia
- Department of Animal, Veterinary and Rangeland Sciences, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - Isadora M Batalha
- Department of Animal, Veterinary and Rangeland Sciences, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - Aghata E M Silva
- Department of Animal, Veterinary and Rangeland Sciences, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - Gabriel M Moreira
- Department of Animal, Veterinary and Rangeland Sciences, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - Aaron B Norris
- Department of Animal, Veterinary and Rangeland Sciences, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV 89557, USA,Department of Natural Resources Management, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
| | - Luis F Schütz
- Department of Animal, Veterinary and Rangeland Sciences, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - Mozart A Fonseca
- Department of Animal, Veterinary and Rangeland Sciences, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV 89557, USA,Corresponding author:
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Kang S, Kim E, Ju SB, Lim ST. Variation in myokine and adipokine levels according to menstrual cycle following regular resistance exercise. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2021; 62:961-968. [PMID: 34498824 DOI: 10.23736/s0022-4707.21.12785-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to analyze the differences between myokine and adipokine factors under stable conditions according to the menstrual cycle (luteal and follicular phases), and investigate the effect of regular resistance exercise on the changes in myokine and adipokine factors according to menstrual cycle in obese female college students. METHODS The study participants were female college students with a body fat percentage of 30% or more (n = 20), divided into two groups: luteal phase (n = 12) and follicular phase (n = 8). They performed regular resistance exercise three times a week, 60 minutes daily, for 16 weeks. Parameters measured include body composition via impedance, visceral fat area using computed tomography and myokine and adipokine factors in blood. RESULTS Levels of BDNF (p < .05), NGF (p < .01), and adiponectin (p < .01) were significantly increased in the luteal phase group after 16 weeks relative to the baseline values. Leptin (p < .01) was significantly decreased in the luteal phase group after 16 weeks. Weight, body mass index, % fat, and visceral fat area were significantly decreased in both groups after 16 weeks. Muscle mass was significantly increased in both groups after 16 weeks. CONCLUSIONS Regular resistance exercise affected the reduction in visceral fat area and had a positive effect on body composition, which might be altered favorably by myokines and adipokines. Thus, the timing of blood collection is very important in obese female college students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunghwun Kang
- Laboratory of Exercise Physiology, College of Art, Culture and Engineering, Kangwon National University, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea.,Interdisciplinary Program in Biohealth-machinery convergence engineering, Kangwon National University, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Eonho Kim
- Laboratory of Exercise Physiology, Department of Physical Education, College of Education, Dongguk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung B Ju
- Department of Physical Education, Busan National University of Education, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Taek Lim
- Olympic Studies Center, Kangwon National University, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea -
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Czogała W, Czogała M, Strojny W, Wątor G, Wołkow P, Wójcik M, Bik Multanowski M, Tomasik P, Wędrychowicz A, Kowalczyk W, Miklusiak K, Łazarczyk A, Hałubiec P, Skoczeń S. Methylation and Expression of FTO and PLAG1 Genes in Childhood Obesity: Insight into Anthropometric Parameters and Glucose-Lipid Metabolism. Nutrients 2021; 13:1683. [PMID: 34063412 PMCID: PMC8155878 DOI: 10.3390/nu13051683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The occurrence of childhood obesity is influenced by both genetic and epigenetic factors. FTO (FTO alpha-ketoglutarate dependent dioxygenase) is a gene of well-established connection with adiposity, while a protooncogene PLAG1 (PLAG1 zinc finger) has been only recently linked to this condition. We performed a cross-sectional study on a cohort of 16 obese (aged 6.6-17.7) and 10 healthy (aged 11.4-16.9) children. The aim was to evaluate the relationship between methylation and expression of the aforementioned genes and the presence of obesity as well as alterations in anthropometric measurements (including waist circumference (WC), body fat (BF_kg) and body fat percent (BF_%)), metabolic parameters (lipid profile, blood glucose and insulin levels, presence of insulin resistance) and blood pressure. Expression and methylation were measured in peripheral blood mononuclear cells using a microarray technique and a method based on restriction enzymes, respectively. Multiple regression models were constructed to adjust for the possible influence of age and sex on the investigated associations. We showed significantly increased expression of the FTO gene in obese children and in patients with documented insulin resistance. Higher FTO expression was also associated with an increase in WC, BF_kg, and BF_% as well as higher fasting concentration of free fatty acids (FFA). FTO methylation correlated positively with WC and BF_kg. Increase in PLAG1 expression was associated with higher BF%. Our results indicate that the FTO gene is likely to play an important role in the development of childhood adiposity together with coexisting impairment of glucose-lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Czogała
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Children’s Hospital of Krakow, 30-663 Krakow, Poland; (W.C.); (M.C.); (W.S.)
| | - Małgorzata Czogała
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Children’s Hospital of Krakow, 30-663 Krakow, Poland; (W.C.); (M.C.); (W.S.)
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-663 Krakow, Poland
| | - Wojciech Strojny
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Children’s Hospital of Krakow, 30-663 Krakow, Poland; (W.C.); (M.C.); (W.S.)
| | - Gracjan Wątor
- Center for Medical Genomics—OMICRON, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-663 Krakow, Poland; (G.W.); (P.W.)
| | - Paweł Wołkow
- Center for Medical Genomics—OMICRON, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-663 Krakow, Poland; (G.W.); (P.W.)
| | - Małgorzata Wójcik
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-663 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Mirosław Bik Multanowski
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-663 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Przemysław Tomasik
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-663 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Andrzej Wędrychowicz
- Department of Pediatrics, Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-663 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Wojciech Kowalczyk
- Student Scientific Group of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-663 Krakow, Poland; (W.K.); (K.M.); (A.Ł.); (P.H.)
| | - Karol Miklusiak
- Student Scientific Group of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-663 Krakow, Poland; (W.K.); (K.M.); (A.Ł.); (P.H.)
| | - Agnieszka Łazarczyk
- Student Scientific Group of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-663 Krakow, Poland; (W.K.); (K.M.); (A.Ł.); (P.H.)
| | - Przemysław Hałubiec
- Student Scientific Group of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-663 Krakow, Poland; (W.K.); (K.M.); (A.Ł.); (P.H.)
| | - Szymon Skoczeń
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Children’s Hospital of Krakow, 30-663 Krakow, Poland; (W.C.); (M.C.); (W.S.)
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-663 Krakow, Poland
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