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De Silva ND, Attanayake AP, Karunaratne DN, Arawwawala LDAM, Pamunuwa GK. Synthesis and bioactivity assessment of Coccinia grandis L. extract encapsulated alginate nanoparticles as an antidiabetic drug lead. J Microencapsul 2024; 41:1-17. [PMID: 37966469 DOI: 10.1080/02652048.2023.2282964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
AIM This study aimed to prepare, characterise, and evaluate the antidiabetic activity of Coccinia grandis (L.) extracts encapsulated alginate nanoparticles. METHODS Alginate nanoparticles were prepared using the ionic gelation method and characterised by encapsulation efficiency %w/w, loading capacity %w/w, particle size analysis, zeta potential, Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy (FTIR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In vitro antidiabetic activity was also evaluated. RESULTS Encapsulation efficiency %w/w, loading capacity %w/w, mean diameter, zeta potential of C. grandis encapsulated alginate nanoparticles ranged from 10.51 ± 0.51 to 62.01 ± 1.28%w/w, 0.39 ± 0.04 to 3.12 ± 0.11%w/w, 191.9 ± 76.7 to 298.9 ± 89.6 nm, -21.3 ± 3.3 to -28.4 ± 3.4 mV, respectively. SEM and FTIR confirmed that particles were in nano range with spherical shape and successful encapsulation of plant extracts into an alginate matrix. The antidiabetic potential of aqueous extract of C. grandis encapsulated alginate nanoparticles (AqCG-ANP) exhibited inhibition in α-amylase, α-glucosidase and dipeptidyl peptidase IV enzymes of 60.8%c/c, 19.1%c/c, and 30.3%c/c, respectively, compared to the AqCG. CONCLUSION The AqCG-ANP exerted promising antidiabetic potential as an antidiabetic drug lead.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Geethi Kaushalya Pamunuwa
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Gardening, Faculty of Agriculture and Plantation Management, Wayamba University of Sri Lanka, Makandura, Sri Lanka
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Anastasiou IA, Sarantis P, Eleftheriadou I, Tentolouris KN, Mourouzis I, Karamouzis MV, Pantos K, Tentolouris N. Effects of Hypericin on Cultured Primary Normal Human Dermal Fibroblasts Under Increased Oxidative Stress. INT J LOW EXTR WOUND 2023:15347346231212332. [PMID: 37956650 DOI: 10.1177/15347346231212332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Wound healing is a dynamic process that begins with inflammation, proliferation, and cell migration of a variety of fibroblast cells. As a result, identifying possible compounds that may improve fibroblast cell wound healing capacity is crucial. Hypericin is a natural quinine that has been reported to possess a wide range of pharmacological profiles, including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory, activities. Herein we examined for the first time the effect of hypericin on normal human dermal fibroblasts (NHDFs) under oxidative stress. METHODS NHDF were exposed to different concentrations of hypericin (0-20 μg/mL) for 24 h. For the oxidative stress evaluation, H2O2 was used as a stressor factor. Cell viability and proliferation levels were evaluated. Immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry were performed to assess cell apoptosis levels and with confocal microscopy we identified the mitochondrial superoxide production under oxidative stress and after the treatment with hypericin. Scratch assay was performed under oxidative stress to evaluate the efficacy of hypericin in wound closure. To gain an insight into the molecular mechanisms of hypericin bioactivity, we analyzed the relative expression levels of genes involved in oxidative response and in wound healing process. RESULTS We found that the exposure of NHDF to hypericin under oxidative stress resulted in an increase in cell viability and ATP levels. We found a decrease in apoptosis and mitochondrial superoxide levels after treatment with hypericin. Moreover, treatment with hypericin reduced wound area and promoted wound closure. The levels of selected genes showed that hypericin upregulated the levels of antioxidants genes. Moreover, treatment with hypericin in wound under oxidative stress downregulated the levels of proinflammatory cytokines, and metalloproteinases; and upregulated transcription factors and extracellular matrix genes. CONCLUSION These findings indicated that hypericin possesses significant in vitro antioxidant activity on NHDF and provide new insights into its potential beneficial role in the management of diabetic ulcers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioanna A Anastasiou
- Diabetes Center, First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laiko General Hospital, Athens, Greece
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Sarantis
- Molecular Oncology Unit, Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioanna Eleftheriadou
- Diabetes Center, First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laiko General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos N Tentolouris
- Diabetes Center, First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laiko General Hospital, Athens, Greece
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Iordanis Mourouzis
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Michalis V Karamouzis
- Molecular Oncology Unit, Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Pantos
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Tentolouris
- Diabetes Center, First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laiko General Hospital, Athens, Greece
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Riaz M, Khalid R, Afzal M, Anjum F, Fatima H, Zia S, Rasool G, Egbuna C, Mtewa AG, Uche CZ, Aslam MA. Phytobioactive compounds as therapeutic agents for human diseases: A review. Food Sci Nutr 2023; 11:2500-2529. [PMID: 37324906 PMCID: PMC10261751 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Phytobioactive compounds are plant secondary metabolites and bioactive compounds abundantly present in medicinal plants and have remarkable therapeutic potential. Oxidative stress and antibiotic resistance are major causes of present-day ailments such as diabetes, atherosclerosis, cardiovascular disorders, cancer, and inflammation. The data for this review were collected from Google Scholar, PubMed, Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ), and Science Direct by using keywords: "Medicinal plants, Phytobioactive compounds, Polyphenols, Alkaloids, Carotenoids etc." Several studies have reported the pharmacological and therapeutic potential of the phytobioactives. Polyphenols, alkaloids, terpenes, and polysaccharides isolated from medicinal plants showed remarkable antioxidant, anticancer, cytotoxic, anti-inflammatory, cardioprotective, hepatoprotective, immunomodulatory, neuroprotective, and antidiabetic activities. This literature review was planned to provide comprehensive insight into the biopharmacological and therapeutic potential of phytobioactive compounds. The techniques used for the extraction and isolation of phytobioactive compounds, and bioassays required for their biological activities such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and cytotoxic activities, have been discussed. Characterization techniques for the structural elucidation of phytobioactive compounds such as HPLC, TLC, FTIR, GC-MS/MS, and NMR have also been discussed. This review concludes that phytobioactive compounds may be used as potential alternative to synthetic compounds as therapeutic agents for the treatment of various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Riaz
- Department of Allied Health SciencesUniversity of SargodhaSargodhaPakistan
| | - Ramsha Khalid
- Department of BiochemistryUniversity of AgricultureFaisalabadPakistan
| | | | - Fozia Anjum
- Department of ChemistryGovernment College UniversityFaisalabadPakistan
| | - Hina Fatima
- Department of BiochemistryUniversity of AgricultureFaisalabadPakistan
- Department of Basic and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and TechnologyUniversity of Central PunjabLahorePakistan
| | - Saadiya Zia
- Department of BiochemistryUniversity of AgricultureFaisalabadPakistan
| | - Ghulam Rasool
- Department of Allied Health SciencesUniversity of SargodhaSargodhaPakistan
| | - Chukwuebuka Egbuna
- Africa Centre of Excellence in Public Health and Toxicological Research (ACE‐PUTOR), Nutritional Biochemistry and Toxicology UnitUniversity of Port‐HarcourtPort HarcourtNigeria
| | - Andrew G. Mtewa
- Chemistry Section, Malawi Institute of TechnologyMalawi University of Science and TechnologyLimbeMalawi
| | - Chukwuemelie Zedech Uche
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Basic Medical SciencesUniversity of NigeriaEnuguNigeria
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Kambale EK, Quetin-Leclercq J, Memvanga PB, Beloqui A. An Overview of Herbal-Based Antidiabetic Drug Delivery Systems: Focus on Lipid- and Inorganic-Based Nanoformulations. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:2135. [PMID: 36297570 PMCID: PMC9610297 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14102135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is a metabolic pathology with chronic high blood glucose levels that occurs when the pancreas does not produce enough insulin or the body does not properly use the insulin it produces. Diabetes management is a puzzle and focuses on a healthy lifestyle, physical exercise, and medication. Thus far, the condition remains incurable; management just helps to control it. Its medical treatment is expensive and is to be followed for the long term, which is why people, especially from low-income countries, resort to herbal medicines. However, many active compounds isolated from plants (phytocompounds) are poorly bioavailable due to their low solubility, low permeability, or rapid elimination. To overcome these impediments and to alleviate the cost burden on disadvantaged populations, plant nanomedicines are being studied. Nanoparticulate formulations containing antidiabetic plant extracts or phytocompounds have shown promising results. We herein aimed to provide an overview of the use of lipid- and inorganic-based nanoparticulate delivery systems with plant extracts or phytocompounds for the treatment of diabetes while highlighting their advantages and limitations for clinical application. The findings from the reviewed works showed that these nanoparticulate formulations resulted in high antidiabetic activity at low doses compared to the corresponding plant extracts or phytocompounds alone. Moreover, it was shown that nanoparticulate systems address the poor bioavailability of herbal medicines, but the lack of enough preclinical and clinical pharmacokinetic and/or pharmacodynamic trials still delays their use in diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Espoir K. Kambale
- Advanced Drug Delivery and Biomaterials Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, UCLouvain, Université Catholique de Louvain, Avenue Mounier 73, B1.73.12, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutics and Phytopharmaceutical Drug Development, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kinshasa, B.P. 212, Kinshasa 012, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Joëlle Quetin-Leclercq
- Pharmacognosy Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, UCLouvain, Université Catholique de Louvain, Avenue Mounier 72, B1.72.03, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Patrick B. Memvanga
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutics and Phytopharmaceutical Drug Development, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kinshasa, B.P. 212, Kinshasa 012, Democratic Republic of the Congo
- Centre de Recherche et d’Innovation Technologique en Environnement et en Sciences de la Santé (CRITESS), University of Kinshasa, B.P. 212, Kinshasa 012, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Ana Beloqui
- Advanced Drug Delivery and Biomaterials Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, UCLouvain, Université Catholique de Louvain, Avenue Mounier 73, B1.73.12, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
- Walloon Excellence in Life Science and Biotechnology (WELBIO), Avenue Pasteur 6, 1300 Wavre, Belgium
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Terminalia catappa aqueous leaf extract reverses insulin resistance, improves glucose transport and activates PI3K/AKT signalling in high fat/streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Sci Rep 2022; 12:10711. [PMID: 35739183 PMCID: PMC9226017 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-15114-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Rising prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in sub-Saharan Africa has necessitated surveys of antidiabetic medicinal plants. This study assessed the antidiabetic mechanism of Terminalia catappa aqueous leaf extract (TCA) in high fat/low dose streptozotocin-induced type 2 diabetic rats. T2DM was induced by a combination of high-fat diet and low dose STZ (30 mg/kg bw) and the animals were administered with TCA (400 and 800 mg/kg bw) orally daily for 28 days. Biochemical parameters and indices for diabetes including renal function tests and pancreatic histology were evaluated. Relative expression of hepatic insulin resistance, signalling and glucose transport genes were also assessed. Induction of T2DM resulted in significant (p < 0.05) weight loss, dysregulated glucose level and clearance, electrolyte imbalance and disrupted diabetic biochemical parameters. Diabetes onset also perturbed β-cell function and insulin resistance indices, damaged pancreas microanatomy, while disrupting the expression of insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS-1), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), protein kinase B (AKT) and glucose transporter isoform 4 (GLUT-4) mRNA. Oral treatment of diabetic animals with TCA significantly (p < 0.05) ameliorated alterations due to T2DM induction in a manner comparable with glibenclamide. These results suggest TCA exerts its antidiabetic action by reversing insulin resistance, improving glucose transport and activating PI3K/AKT signalling.
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Uuh Narvaez JJ, Segura Campos MR. Combination therapy of bioactive compounds with acarbose: A proposal to control hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes. J Food Biochem 2022; 46:e14268. [PMID: 35662051 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a chronic metabolic disease with a high impact on public health and social welfare. Hyperglycemia is a characteristic of T2D that leads to different complications. Acarbose (ACB) reduces hyperglycemia by inhibiting α-amylase (AMY) and α-glucosidase (GLU) enzymes. However, ACB causes low adherence to treatment by patients with diabetes due to its side effects. Consequently, reducing the side effects produced by ACB without compromising its efficacy is a challenge in treating T2D. Bioactive compounds (BC) are safe and could decrease the side effects compared to antidiabetic drugs such as ACB. Nevertheless, their efficacy alone concerning that drug is unknown. The scientific advances have been directed toward searching for new approaches, such as combination therapies between BC and ACB. This review analyzes the combined therapy of BC (extracts or isolates) with ACB in inhibiting AMY and GLU as a proposal to control hyperglycemia in T2D. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Postprandial hyperglycemia is one most typical signs of type 2 diabetes, and it can have significant consequences, including cardiovascular problems. Acarbose has side effects that lead to the abandonment of treatment. Bioactive compounds in extracts or isolated forms have become a viable option for controlling hyperglycemia without side effects, but their administration alone is insufficient. The scientific advances of acarbose/bioactive compound combination therapy as a proposal for controlling hyperglycemia in T2D were analyzed. The findings suggested that bioactive compounds combined with acarbose are effective when they function synergistically or additively; however, they are not recommended in therapy when they have an antagonistic effect.
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Sun P, Huang R, Qin Z, Liu F. Influence of Tangeretin on the Exponential Regression of Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Nephropathy. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2022; 194:3914-3929. [PMID: 35567707 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-022-03920-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes is an amalgamation of metabolic disorders marked by hyperglycemia. Over time diabetes brings up several other complications with it like cardiovascular disease, retinopathy, neuropathy, and nephropathy. among which diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the one we are concerned about in the present study. Diabetes management requires following a healthy lifestyle with proper medication. Most of the anti-diabetic drugs available at present come with adverse side effects. Nature has provided us with several components that are anti-diabetic in nature which has fewer or no side effects and tangeretin is one among them. Tangeretin is a natural flavonoid abundantly present in orange peel and tangerines. Our study is designed to evaluate tangeretin, as an anti-diabetic medication especially for patients suffering from diabetic nephropathy. The procured healthy rats were first divided into four groups: the group I was maintained as healthy control and the others were subjected to the induction of diabetes by i.p. injection of streptozotocin (STZ) at the concentration of 55mg/kg b.wt .Then, the diabetic rats were further divided into three groups: group II was used as the diabetic control rats and the group III and group IV were administered with tangeretin (25mg/kg b.wt) and positive control drug metformin (150mg/kg b.wt) for 8 weeks. The body weight, blood glucose, and serum insulin levels were estimated at week 0 and week 8. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) inhibitory effect, antioxidant, antilipidemic, nephroprotective, and anti-inflammatory effects of tangeretin on the diabetic-induced rats were evaluated at the end of week 8 in addition to the histopathological assessment of the sections of the kidneys of the experimental rats. All the test results concluded that tangeretin was able to significantly decelerate the progression of DN in STZ-induced diabetic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Sun
- Department of Endocrinology, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, No. 105, Jiefang Road, Jinan City, Shandong, 250013, China
| | - Ran Huang
- Department of Kidney Disease Unit & Dialysis, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, No. 105, Jiefang Road, Jinan City, Shandong, 250013, China
| | - Zifu Qin
- Department of Health, Vertigo Examination Room, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, No. 105, Jiefang Road, Jinan City, Shandong, 250013, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Department of Kidney Disease Unit & Dialysis, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, No. 105, Jiefang Road, Jinan City, Shandong, 250013, China.
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Jafari Z, Bigham A, Sadeghi S, Dehdashti SM, Rabiee N, Abedivash A, Bagherzadeh M, Nasseri B, Karimi-Maleh H, Sharifi E, Varma RS, Makvandi P. Nanotechnology-Abetted Astaxanthin Formulations in Multimodel Therapeutic and Biomedical Applications. J Med Chem 2022; 65:2-36. [PMID: 34919379 PMCID: PMC8762669 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Astaxanthin (AXT) is one of the most important fat-soluble carotenoids that have abundant and diverse therapeutic applications namely in liver disease, cardiovascular disease, cancer treatment, protection of the nervous system, protection of the skin and eyes against UV radiation, and boosting the immune system. However, due to its intrinsic reactivity, it is chemically unstable, and therefore, the design and production processes for this compound need to be precisely formulated. Nanoencapsulation is widely applied to protect AXT against degradation during digestion and storage, thus improving its physicochemical properties and therapeutic effects. Nanocarriers are delivery systems with many advantages─ease of surface modification, biocompatibility, and targeted drug delivery and release. This review discusses the technological advancement in nanocarriers for the delivery of AXT through the brain, eyes, and skin, with emphasis on the benefits, limitations, and efficiency in practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohreh Jafari
- Department
of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, 19857-17443 Tehran, Iran
| | - Ashkan Bigham
- Institute
of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials
- National Research Council (IPCB-CNR), Viale J.F. Kennedy 54 - Mostra D’Oltremare
pad. 20, 80125 Naples, Italy
| | - Sahar Sadeghi
- Department
of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, 19857-17443 Tehran, Iran
| | - Sayed Mehdi Dehdashti
- Cellular
and Molecular Biology Research Center, Shahid
Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, 19857-17443 Tehran, Iran
| | - Navid Rabiee
- Department
of Chemistry, Sharif University of Technology, 11155-9161 Tehran, Iran
- Department
of Physics, Sharif University of Technology, 11155-9161 Tehran, Iran
- School
of Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia
| | - Alireza Abedivash
- Department
of Basic Sciences, Sari Agricultural Sciences
and Natural Resources University, 48181-68984 Sari, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Bagherzadeh
- Department
of Chemistry, Sharif University of Technology, 11155-9161 Tehran, Iran
| | - Behzad Nasseri
- Department
of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advance Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, 51664 Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hassan Karimi-Maleh
- School
of Resources and Environment, University
of Electronic Science and Technology of China, P.O. Box 611731, Xiyuan Avenue, 610054 Chengdu, PR China
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Laboratory of Nanotechnology,
Quchan University of Technology, 94771-67335 Quchan, Iran
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein Campus,
2028, 2006 Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Esmaeel Sharifi
- Institute
of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials
- National Research Council (IPCB-CNR), Viale J.F. Kennedy 54 - Mostra D’Oltremare
pad. 20, 80125 Naples, Italy
- Department
of Tissue Engineering and Biomaterials, School of Advanced Medical
Sciences and Technologies, Hamadan University
of Medical Sciences, 6517838736 Hamadan, Iran
| | - Rajender S. Varma
- Regional
Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology
and Research Institute, Palacky University, Šlechtitelů 27, 78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Pooyan Makvandi
- Centre for
Materials Interfaces, Istituto Italiano
di Tecnologia, viale
Rinaldo Piaggio 34, 56025 Pontedera, Pisa, Italy
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Gupta S, Tejavath KK. Nano Phytoceuticals: A Step Forward in Tracking Down Paths for Therapy Against Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. J CLUST SCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10876-021-02213-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Gómez-Guillén MC, Montero MP. Enhancement of oral bioavailability of natural compounds and probiotics by mucoadhesive tailored biopolymer-based nanoparticles: A review. Food Hydrocoll 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2021.106772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Manimaran V, Sivakumar PM, Narayanan J, Parthasarathi S, Prabhakar PK. Nanoemulsions: A Better Approach for Antidiabetic Drug Delivery. Curr Diabetes Rev 2021; 17:486-495. [PMID: 33297917 DOI: 10.2174/1573399817666201209095205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Conventional delivery of antidiabetic drugs faces many problems like poor absorption, low bioavailability, and drug degradation. Nanoemulsion is a unique drug technology, which is very suitable for the delivery of antidiabetic drugs. In recent years, the flaws of delivering anti-hypoglycaemic drugs have been overcome by choosing nanoemulsion drug technology. They are thermodynamically stable and also provide the therapeutic agent for a longer duration. Generally, nanoemulsions are made up of either oil-in-water or water-in-oil and the size of the droplets is from fifty to thousand nanometer. Surfactants are critical substances that are added in the manufacturing of nanoemulsions. Only the surfactants which are approved for human use can be utilized in the manufacturing of nanoemulsions. Generally, the preparation of emulsions includes mixing of the aqueous phase and organic phase and using surfactant with proper agitation. Nanoemulsions are used for antimicrobial drugs, and they are also used in the prophylaxis of cancer. Reduction in the droplet size may cause variation in the elastic and optical behaviour of nanoemulsions.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Manimaran
- Department of Pharmaceutics, SRM College of Pharmacy, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai, Tamilnadu-603203, India
| | | | - J Narayanan
- Department of Pharmacology, SRM College of Pharmacy, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai, Tamilnadu-603203, India
| | | | - Pranav Kumar Prabhakar
- Department of Allied Medical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara Punjab-144411, India
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Nie X, Chen Z, Pang L, Wang L, Jiang H, Chen Y, Zhang Z, Fu C, Ren B, Zhang J. Oral Nano Drug Delivery Systems for the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: An Available Administration Strategy for Antidiabetic Phytocompounds. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:10215-10240. [PMID: 33364755 PMCID: PMC7751584 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s285134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In view of the worldwide serious health threat of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), natural sources of chemotherapies have been corroborated as the promising alternatives, with the excellent antidiabetic activities, bio-safety, and more cost-effective properties. However, their clinical application is somewhat limited, because of the poor solubility, instability in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT), low bioavailability, and so on. Nowadays, to develop nanoscaled systems has become a prominent strategy to improve the drug delivery of phytochemicals. In this review, we primarily summarized the intervention mechanisms of phytocompounds against T2DM and presented the recent advances in various nanosystems of antidiabetic phytocompounds. Selected nanosystems were grouped depending on their classification and structures, including polymeric NPs, lipid-based nanosystems, vesicular systems, inorganic nanocarriers, and so on. Based on this review, the state-of-the-art nanosystems for phytocompounds in T2DM treatment have been presented, suggesting the preponderance and potential of nanotechnologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Nie
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu611137, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhejie Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, 999087, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lan Pang
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu611137, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lin Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu611137, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huajuan Jiang
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu611137, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu611137, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu611137, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chaomei Fu
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu611137, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bo Ren
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu611137, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinming Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu611137, People’s Republic of China
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Kumar N, Jose J. Current developments in the nanomediated delivery of photoprotective phytochemicals. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:38446-38471. [PMID: 32761528 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-10100-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Natural products have been used to protect the skin from harmful UV radiation for decades. Due to the ecotoxicological implications of synthetic sunscreen exposure in aquatic ecosystems, there is a greater need to explore alternative sources of UV filters. Recent research has focused on discovering novel UV absorbing photoprotective molecules from nature. In response to the excessive damage caused by UVB rays, plants induce the production of high concentrations of phytoprotective secondary metabolites and anti-oxidative enzymes. Despite promising UV absorbing and photoprotective properties, plant secondary metabolites have been underutilized in topical delivery due to low solubility and high instability. Numerous phytochemicals have been effectively nanosized, incorporated in formulations, and studied for their sustained effects in photoprotection. The present review outlines recent developments in nanosizing and delivering photoprotective crude plant extract and phytochemicals from a phytochemical perspective. We searched for articles using keywords: "UV damage," "skin photoprotection," "photodamage," and "nano delivery" in varied combinations. We identified and reviewed literature from 43 original research articles exploring nanosized phytochemicals and crude plant extracts with photoprotective activity. Nanosized phytochemicals retained higher amounts of bioactive compounds in the skin and acted as depots for their sustained release. Novel approaches in nanosizing considerably improved the photostability, efficacy, and water resistance of plant secondary metabolites. We further discuss the need for broad-spectrum sunscreen products, potential challenges, and future growth in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nimmy Kumar
- Department of Pharmacognosy, NITTE Gulabi Shetty Memorial Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, NITTE Deemed-to-be University, 575018, Mangalore, India
| | - Jobin Jose
- Department of Pharmaceutics, NITTE Gulabi Shetty Memorial Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, NITTE Deemed-to-be University, Mangalore, 575018, India.
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Ng PQ, Ling LSC, Chellian J, Madheswaran T, Panneerselvam J, Kunnath AP, Gupta G, Satija S, Mehta M, Hansbro PM, Collet T, Dua K, Chellappan DK. Applications of Nanocarriers as Drug Delivery Vehicles for Active Phytoconstituents. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:4580-4590. [DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200610111013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Many plant-based bioactive compounds have been serving as the origin of drugs since long ago and
many of them have been proven to have medicinal value against various chronic diseases, including, cancer,
arthritis, hepatic diseases, type-2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. However, their clinical applications have
been limited due to their poor water solubility, stability, low bioavailability and extensive transformation due to
the first-pass metabolism. The applications of nanocarriers have been proven to be able to improve the delivery of
bioactive phytoconstituents, resulting in the enhancement of various pharmacokinetic properties and thereby
increasing the therapeutic value of phytoconstituents. These biocompatible nanocarriers also exert low toxicity to
healthy cells. This review focuses on the uses and applications of different types of nanocarriers to enhance the
delivery of phytoconstituents for the treatment of various chronic diseases, along with comparisons related to
bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy of nano phytoconstituents with native phytoconstituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phui Qi Ng
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University (IMU), Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur, 57000, Malaysia
| | - Laura Soon Cheau Ling
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University (IMU), Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur, 57000, Malaysia
| | - Jestin Chellian
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University (IMU), Bukit Jalil 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Thiagarajan Madheswaran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University (IMU), Bukit Jalil 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Jithendra Panneerselvam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University (IMU), Bukit Jalil 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Anil Philip Kunnath
- Division of Applied Biomedical Science and Biotechnology, School of Health Sciences, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Gaurav Gupta
- School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jagatpura, Jaipur, 302017, India
| | - Saurabh Satija
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Meenu Mehta
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Philip Michael Hansbro
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Trudi Collet
- Innovative Medicines Group, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Kelvin Grove, Brisbane, Queensland 4059, Australia
| | - Kamal Dua
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Dinesh Kumar Chellappan
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University (IMU), Bukit Jalil 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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15
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Malfa GA, Tomasello B, Acquaviva R, Mantia AL, Pappalardo F, Ragusa M, Renis M, Di Giacomo C. The Antioxidant Activities of Betula etnensis Rafin. Ethanolic Extract Exert Protective and Anti-diabetic Effects on Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetes in Rats. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E847. [PMID: 32927638 PMCID: PMC7555603 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9090847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathophysiological mechanisms correlating diabetes mellitus with associated complications are still not completely clear, even though oxidative stress seems to play a pivotal role. Literature data suggest that cell damages induced by hyperglycemia, although multifactorial, have a common pathway in oxidative/nitrosative stress. The present study evaluated the effects of Betula etnensis Raf. bark extract, a plant belonging to the Betulaceae family endemic to Sicily, on oxidative stress and in preventing and/or retarding diabetes-associated complications in streptozotocin diabetic rats treated with the extract at dose of 0.5 g/kg body weight per day for 28 consecutive days. The extract administration significant decreased food and water intake, fasting blood glucose, weight loss and polyuria, compared with untreated diabetic animals. Furthermore, oxidative stress markers particularly, lipid hydroperoxides (LOOH) and nitrite/nitrate levels, non-proteic thiol groups (RSH), γ-glutamyl-cysteine-synthetase (γ-GCS) activities and expression, heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), endothelial and inducible nitric oxide synthases (i-NOS e-NOS) expression, significantly changed by streptozocin treatment, were markedly restored both in plasma and tissues together with nuclear sirtuins activity (Sirt1). Results suggested that B. etnensis bark alcoholic extract is able to counteract oxidative stress and to ameliorate some general parameters related to diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Antonio Malfa
- Department of Drug Science, Section of Biochemistry, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy; (B.T.); (A.L.M.); (F.P.); (M.R.); (C.D.G.)
| | - Barbara Tomasello
- Department of Drug Science, Section of Biochemistry, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy; (B.T.); (A.L.M.); (F.P.); (M.R.); (C.D.G.)
| | - Rosaria Acquaviva
- Department of Drug Science, Section of Biochemistry, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy; (B.T.); (A.L.M.); (F.P.); (M.R.); (C.D.G.)
| | - Alfonsina La Mantia
- Department of Drug Science, Section of Biochemistry, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy; (B.T.); (A.L.M.); (F.P.); (M.R.); (C.D.G.)
| | - Francesco Pappalardo
- Department of Drug Science, Section of Biochemistry, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy; (B.T.); (A.L.M.); (F.P.); (M.R.); (C.D.G.)
| | - Monica Ragusa
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy;
| | - Marcella Renis
- Department of Drug Science, Section of Biochemistry, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy; (B.T.); (A.L.M.); (F.P.); (M.R.); (C.D.G.)
| | - Claudia Di Giacomo
- Department of Drug Science, Section of Biochemistry, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy; (B.T.); (A.L.M.); (F.P.); (M.R.); (C.D.G.)
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Nouri Z, Hajialyani M, Izadi Z, Bahramsoltani R, Farzaei MH, Abdollahi M. Nanophytomedicines for the Prevention of Metabolic Syndrome: A Pharmacological and Biopharmaceutical Review. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:425. [PMID: 32478050 PMCID: PMC7240035 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome includes a series of metabolic abnormalities that leads to diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases. Plant extracts, due to their unique advantages like anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and insulin sensitizing properties, are interesting therapeutic options to manage MetS; however, the poor solubility and low bioavailability of lipophilic bioactive components in the herbal extracts are two critical challenges. Nano-scale delivery systems are suitable to improve delivery of herbal extracts. This review, for the first time, focuses on nanoformulations of herbal extracts in MetS and related complications. Included studies showed that several forms of nano drug delivery systems such as nanoemulsions, solid lipid nanoparticles, nanobiocomposites, and green-synthesized silver, gold, and zinc oxide nanoparticles have been developed using herbal extracts. It was shown that the method of preparation and related parameters such as temperature and type of polymer are important factors affecting physicochemical stability and therapeutic activity of the final product. Many of these formulations could successfully decrease the lipid profile, inflammation, oxidative damage, and insulin resistance in in vitro and in vivo models of MetS-related complications. Further studies are still needed to confirm the safety and efficacy of these novel herbal formulations for clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Nouri
- Students Research Committee, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Marziyeh Hajialyani
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Zhila Izadi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Roodabeh Bahramsoltani
- Department of Traditional Pharmacy, School of Persian Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- PhytoPharmacology Interest Group, Universal Scientific Education and Research Network, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hosein Farzaei
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
- Medical Biology Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mohammad Abdollahi
- Toxicology and Diseases Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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17
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Dewanjee S, Chakraborty P, Mukherjee B, De Feo V. Plant-Based Antidiabetic Nanoformulations: The Emerging Paradigm for Effective Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E2217. [PMID: 32210082 PMCID: PMC7139625 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21062217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a life-threatening metabolic syndrome. Over the past few decades, the incidence of diabetes has climbed exponentially. Several therapeutic approaches have been undertaken, but the occurrence and risk still remain unabated. Several plant-derived small molecules have been proposed to be effective against diabetes and associated vascular complications via acting on several therapeutic targets. In addition, the biocompatibility of these phytochemicals increasingly enhances the interest of exploiting them as therapeutic negotiators. However, poor pharmacokinetic and biopharmaceutical attributes of these phytochemicals largely restrict their clinical usefulness as therapeutic agents. Several pharmaceutical attempts have been undertaken to enhance their compliance and therapeutic efficacy. In this regard, the application of nanotechnology has been proven to be the best approach to improve the compliance and clinical efficacy by overturning the pharmacokinetic and biopharmaceutical obstacles associated with the plant-derived antidiabetic agents. This review gives a comprehensive and up-to-date overview of the nanoformulations of phytochemicals in the management of diabetes and associated complications. The effects of nanosizing on pharmacokinetic, biopharmaceutical and therapeutic profiles of plant-derived small molecules, such as curcumin, resveratrol, naringenin, quercetin, apigenin, baicalin, luteolin, rosmarinic acid, berberine, gymnemic acid, emodin, scutellarin, catechins, thymoquinone, ferulic acid, stevioside, and others have been discussed comprehensively in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saikat Dewanjee
- Advanced Pharmacognosy Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India;
| | - Pratik Chakraborty
- Advanced Pharmacognosy Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India;
| | - Biswajit Mukherjee
- Pharmaceutics Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India;
| | - Vincenzo De Feo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
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18
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Vaiserman A, Koliada A, Zayachkivska A, Lushchak O. Nanodelivery of Natural Antioxidants: An Anti-aging Perspective. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 7:447. [PMID: 31998711 PMCID: PMC6965023 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2019.00447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The aging process is known to be associated with heightened oxidative stress and related systemic inflammation. Therefore, antioxidant supplementation is regarded as a promising strategy to combat aging and associated pathological conditions. Food-grade antioxidants from plant-derived extracts are the most common ingredients of these supplements. Phyto-bioactive compounds such as curcumin, resveratrol, catechins, quercetin are among the most commonly applied natural compounds used as potential modulators of the free radical-induced cellular damages. The therapeutic potential of these compounds is, however, restricted by their low bioavailability related to poor solubility, stability, and absorbance in gastrointestinal tract. Recently, novel nanotechnology-based systems were developed for therapeutic delivery of natural antioxidants with improved bioavailability and, consequently, efficacy in clinical practice. Such systems have provided many benefits in preclinical research over the conventional preparations, including superior solubility and stability, extended half-life, improved epithelium permeability and bioavailability, enhanced tissue targeting, and minimized side effects. The present review summarizes recent developments in nanodelivery of natural antioxidants and its application to combat pathological conditions associated with oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Vaiserman
- Laboratory of Epigenetics, D.F. Chebotarev Institute of Gerontology, NAMS, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Alexander Koliada
- Laboratory of Epigenetics, D.F. Chebotarev Institute of Gerontology, NAMS, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Alina Zayachkivska
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine
| | - Oleh Lushchak
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine
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19
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Souto EB, Souto SB, Campos JR, Severino P, Pashirova TN, Zakharova LY, Silva AM, Durazzo A, Lucarini M, Izzo AA, Santini A. Nanoparticle Delivery Systems in the Treatment of Diabetes Complications. Molecules 2019; 24:E4209. [PMID: 31756981 PMCID: PMC6930606 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24234209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus, an incurable metabolic disease, is characterized by changes in the homeostasis of blood sugar levels, being the subcutaneous injection of insulin the first line treatment. This administration route is however associated with limited patient's compliance, due to the risk of pain, discomfort and local infection. Nanoparticles have been proposed as insulin carriers to make possible the administration of the peptide via friendlier pathways without the need of injection, i.e., via oral or nasal routes. Nanoparticles stand for particles in the nanometer range that can be obtained from different materials (e.g., polysaccharides, synthetic polymers, lipid) and are commonly used with the aim to improve the physicochemical stability of the loaded drug and thereby its bioavailability. This review discusses the use of different types of nanoparticles (e.g., polymeric and lipid nanoparticles, liposomes, dendrimers, niosomes, micelles, nanoemulsions and also drug nanosuspensions) for improved delivery of different oral hypoglycemic agents in comparison to conventional therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliana B. Souto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra (FFUC), Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal;
- CEB—Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Selma B. Souto
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital de São João, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200–319 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Joana R. Campos
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra (FFUC), Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal;
| | - Patricia Severino
- Tiradentes Institute, University of Tiradentes (Unit) and Institute of Technology and Research (ITP), Av. Murilo Dantas, 300, Aracaju-SE 49010-390, Brazil;
- Laboratory of Nanotechnology and Nanomedicine (LNMED), Institute of Technology and Research (ITP), Av. Murilo Dantas, 300, Aracaju 49010-390, Brazil
| | - Tatiana N. Pashirova
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 8, ul. Arbuzov, Kazan 420088, Russia; (T.N.P.); (L.Y.Z.)
| | - Lucia Y. Zakharova
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 8, ul. Arbuzov, Kazan 420088, Russia; (T.N.P.); (L.Y.Z.)
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Kazan State Technological University, ul. Karla Marksa 68, Kazan 420015, Russia
| | - Amélia M. Silva
- Centre for Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB-UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
- Department of Biology and Environment, University of Trás-os Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Alessandra Durazzo
- CREA-Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Via Ardeatina, 546, 00178 Rome, Italy; (A.D.); (M.L.)
| | - Massimo Lucarini
- CREA-Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Via Ardeatina, 546, 00178 Rome, Italy; (A.D.); (M.L.)
| | - Angelo A. Izzo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli Federico II, Via D. Montesano, 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Antonello Santini
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli Federico II, Via D. Montesano, 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy
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Lushchak O, Strilbytska O, Koliada A, Zayachkivska A, Burdyliuk N, Yurkevych I, Storey KB, Vaiserman A. Nanodelivery of phytobioactive compounds for treating aging-associated disorders. GeroScience 2019; 42:117-139. [PMID: 31686375 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-019-00116-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging population presents a major challenge for many countries in the world and has made the development of efficient means for healthspan extension a priority task for researchers and clinicians worldwide. Anti-aging properties including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, and cardioprotective activities have been reported for various phytobioactive compounds (PBCs) including resveratrol, quercetin, curcumin, catechin, etc. However, the therapeutic potential of orally administered PBCs is limited by their poor stability, bioavailability, and solubility in the gastrointestinal tract. Recently, innovative nanotechnology-based approaches have been developed to improve the bioactivity of PBCs and enhance their potential in preventing and/or treating age-associated disorders, primarily those caused by aging-related chronic inflammation. PBC-loaded nanoparticles designed for oral administration provide many benefits over conventional formulations, including enhanced stability and solubility, prolonged half-life, improved epithelium permeability and bioavailability, enhanced tissue targeting, and minimized side effects. The present review summarizes recent advances in this rapidly developing research area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleh Lushchak
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, 57 Shevchenka str., Ivano-Frankivsk, 76018, Ukraine.
| | - Olha Strilbytska
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, 57 Shevchenka str., Ivano-Frankivsk, 76018, Ukraine
| | - Alexander Koliada
- Laboratory of Epigenetics, D.F. Chebotarev Institute of Gerontology, NAMS, 67 Vyshgorodska str., Kyiv, 04114, Ukraine
| | - Alina Zayachkivska
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, 57 Shevchenka str., Ivano-Frankivsk, 76018, Ukraine
| | - Nadia Burdyliuk
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, 57 Shevchenka str., Ivano-Frankivsk, 76018, Ukraine
| | - Ihor Yurkevych
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, 57 Shevchenka str., Ivano-Frankivsk, 76018, Ukraine
| | - Kenneth B Storey
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel by Drive, Ottawa, Ontario, K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Alexander Vaiserman
- Laboratory of Epigenetics, D.F. Chebotarev Institute of Gerontology, NAMS, 67 Vyshgorodska str., Kyiv, 04114, Ukraine.
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21
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Rani R, Dahiya S, Dhingra D, Dilbaghi N, Kaushik A, Kim KH, Kumar S. Antidiabetic activity enhancement in streptozotocin + nicotinamide-induced diabetic rats through combinational polymeric nanoformulation. Int J Nanomedicine 2019; 14:4383-4395. [PMID: 31354267 PMCID: PMC6580421 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s205319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The bioactive compounds glycyrrhizin (GL) and thymoquinone (TQ) have been reported for antidiabetic activity in pure and nanoformulation (NF) form. However, the antidiabetic effect of a combined nanoformulation of these two has not been reported in the literature. Here, a combinational nanomedicine approach was investigated to enhance the antidiabetic effects of the two bioactive compounds of GL and TQ (GT), in type 2 diabetic rats in reference to metformin. Methods: Two separately prepared NFs of GL (using polymeric nanoparticles) and TQ (using polymeric nanocapsules) were mixed to obtain a therapeutic cargo of nanomedicine and then characterized with respect to particle size, stability, morphology, chemical interaction, and in vivo behavior. Additionally, NFs were evaluated for their cytotoxic effect on Vero cell lines compared to the pure form. This nanomedicine was administered orally, both independently and in combination (pure form or NF) for 21 successive days to type 2 diabetic rats and the effect assessed in term of body weight, fasting blood-glucose level, and various biochemical parameters (such as lipid-profile parameters and HbA1c). Results: When these nanomedicines were applied in combined rather than individual forms, significant decreases in blood glucose and HbA1c and significant improvements in body weight and lipid profile were observed, despite them containing lower amounts than the pure forms. The treatment of diabetic rats with GL and TQ, when administered independently in either pure or NF forms, did not lead to favorable trends in any studied parameters. Conclusion: The administration of combined GT NFs exhibited significant improvement in studied parameters. Improvements in antidiabetic activity could have been due to a synergistic effect of combined NFs, leading to enhanced absorption of NFs and lesser cytotoxic effects compared to pure bioactive compounds. Therefore, GT NFs demonstrated potential as a new medicinal agent for the management of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruma Rani
- Department of Bio and Nano Technology, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar 125001, India
| | - Shakti Dahiya
- Department of Bio and Nano Technology, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar 125001, India
| | - Dinesh Dhingra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar 125001, India
| | - Neeraj Dilbaghi
- Department of Bio and Nano Technology, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar 125001, India
| | - Ajeet Kaushik
- Center for Personalized Nanomedicine, Institute of NeuroImmune Pharmacology, Department of Immunology and Nano-Medicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University (FIU), Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Ki-Hyun Kim
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, South Korea
| | - Sandeep Kumar
- Department of Bio and Nano Technology, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar 125001, India
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22
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Chen T, Li S, Zhu W, Liang Z, Zeng Q. Self-assembly pH-sensitive chitosan/alginate coated polyelectrolyte complexes for oral delivery of insulin. J Microencapsul 2019; 36:96-107. [DOI: 10.1080/02652048.2019.1604846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Chen
- Biomaterial Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shunying Li
- Biomaterial Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenting Zhu
- Biomaterial Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhi Liang
- Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingbing Zeng
- Biomaterial Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Diosgenin ameliorates testicular damage in streptozotocin-diabetic rats through attenuation of apoptosis, oxidative stress, and inflammation. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 70:37-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.01.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Prasad R, Kumar V, Kumar M, Choudhary D. Herbonanoceuticals: A Novel Beginning in Drug Discovery and Therapeutics. NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY IN BIOFORMULATIONS 2019. [PMCID: PMC7123392 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-17061-5_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The Indian pharmaceutical industry is the world’s second largest industry (by volume) that develops products and market drugs licensed for use as medications. Medicines manufactured in the modern era are associated with major controversies such as non–target specificity, resistance, repeated administration, immune rejection, and other adverse effects on the body. Thus, there is a great need to find drugs that do not raise the aforementioned issues. Nature is an excellent hub providing a diverse range of phytoconstituents that open the way to phototherapeutics, which need a scientific path to deliver the active elements in a supported way to increase patient compliance and reduce the need for repeated administration. To discover a novel phytochemical as a lead compound for a therapeutic purpose is a real challenge. In former times, drug discovery was a complex process, as it took several years to find a lead compound for use against a particular disease. Nowadays, however, virtual screening methods have been developed, which are target specific, time consuming, and cost effective. To avoid increased and repeated administration of a drug, nanosized drug delivery systems for herbal drugs have been developed to enhance the activity and overcome problems associated with synthetic medicines. This review summarizes three main fields: drug discovery, docking for drug design, and last—but not least—drug delivery systems. Nowadays, nanobased drug delivery systems are in demand for delivery of herbal medicines used for therapeutic purposes. Herbonanoceuticals—herbal drugs of a nanosize—have better remedial value and fewer detrimental effects than modern medicines. Therefore, herbonanoceuticals can be a boon in the field of therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ram Prasad
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Vivek Kumar
- Himalayan School of Biosciences, Swami Rama Himalayan University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand India
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Department of Life Science, Central University of Jharkhand, Ranchi, Jharkhand India
| | - Devendra Choudhary
- Amity Institute of Microbial Technology, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh India
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Nguyen DT, Kim BS, Lee DS, Thambi T, Huynh DP. Amino acid functionalized pH- and temperature-sensitive biodegradable injectable hydrogels: synthesis, physicochemical characterization and in vivo degradation kinetics. INT J POLYM MATER PO 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/00914037.2018.1522503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dang Tri Nguyen
- National Key Laboratory of Polymer and Composites Materials, Ho Chi Minh University of Technology, Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Bong Sup Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering, Theranostic Macromolecules Research Center, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Doo Sung Lee
- School of Chemical Engineering, Theranostic Macromolecules Research Center, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Thavasyappan Thambi
- School of Chemical Engineering, Theranostic Macromolecules Research Center, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Dai Phu Huynh
- National Key Laboratory of Polymer and Composites Materials, Ho Chi Minh University of Technology, Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Faculty of Material Technology, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology, Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
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Qian D, Zhang T, Zheng P, Liang Z, Wang S, Xie J, Zhao L, Zhang Y, Situ B. Comparison of Oral Antidiabetic Drugs as Add-On Treatments in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Uncontrolled on Metformin: A Network Meta-Analysis. Diabetes Ther 2018; 9:1945-1958. [PMID: 30121726 PMCID: PMC6167280 DOI: 10.1007/s13300-018-0482-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
We assessed the efficacy and safety of oral antidiabetic drugs (OADs) as an add-on treatment in patients with type 2 diabetes uncontrolled on metformin. PubMed, the Cochrane Library, and Embase were searched from inception to October 20, 2017. Pairwise and network meta-analyses were conducted using Stata 14.1 software. Odds ratios (ORs) and weighted mean differences (WMDs) were used to evaluate outcomes. Sixty-eight trials including 36,746 patients were analyzed. No significant differences in the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) and all-cause mortality were observed among any class of OADs when combined with metformin. All classes of OADs as add-ons to metformin improved glucose control, while sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors showed greater fasting plasma glucose (FPG) reductions {WMD, - 1.49 [95% confidence interval (CI) - 1.69 to - 1.28] mmol/l} and 2 h postprandial glucose (2 h PPG) reductions [WMD, - 3.07 (95% CI - 4.12 to - 2.03) mmol/l]. Thiazolidinediones and sulfonylureas were associated with weight gain [WMD, 2.53 (95% CI 1.95-3.10) kg and 2.00 (95% CI 1.63-2.36) kg, respectively] when added to metformin. Sulfonylureas [WMD, 6.52 (95% CI 4.07-10.45)] were associated with the highest ORs of hypoglycemia. Our results suggest that the seven classes of OADs were not associated with any increased risk of MACEs or all-cause mortality when combined with metformin. Most OADs were associated with similarly large reductions in HbA1c levels when added to metformin, while SGLT-2 inhibitors might be the best option for reducing body weight, FPG, and 2-h PPG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Qian
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, China
| | - Tiantian Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Peiying Zheng
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, China
| | - Zhuoru Liang
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Sen Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Jingmei Xie
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Lina Zhao
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, China.
- Department of Endocrinology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, China.
| | - Bing Situ
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, China.
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Marella S, Tollamadugu NVKVP. Nanotechnological approaches for the development of herbal drugs in treatment of diabetes mellitus - a critical review. IET Nanobiotechnol 2018; 12:549-556. [PMID: 30095411 PMCID: PMC8676124 DOI: 10.1049/iet-nbt.2017.0242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 01/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic illness that requires continuing medical care and patient self-management education to prevent acute complications and to reduce the risk of long-term complications. The number of people with diabetes is increasing due to population growth, ageing, urbanisation and increasing prevalence of obesity and physical inactivity. Apart from currently available therapeutic options, many herbal medicines have been recommended for the treatment of diabetes. Herbal drugs are prescribed widely because of their effectiveness, less side effects and relatively low cost. Several pharmacopoeias have provided parameters to maintain quality and standardise procedures in identification/authentication of herbal inputs and their products. Available literature related to folklore medicine used in the treatment of diabetes extended to nanoformulation of herbal drugs up to date was cited. The use of bioactive compounds leads to new hope to improve the life expectancy and health status of the population for the formulation of novel drugs. Recently, many studies have shown that nanotechnology has the potential to be used in different biological and medical applications, mainly as targeted drug delivery systems to minimise and delay the chronic effects of diabetes. Herein, the authors presented a thorough review of the available herbal medicines and the possibilities of developing their nanoformulations in the treatment of DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saritha Marella
- Nanotechnology Laboratory, Institute of Frontier Technology, Regional Agricultural Research Station, Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University, Tirupati 517 502, AP, India
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Abstract
Due to the increasing problem of drug resistance, new and improved medicines are required. Natural products and biotherapeutics offer a vast resource for new drugs; however, challenges, including the cost and time taken for traditional drug discovery processes and the subsequent lack of investment from the pharmaceutical industry, are associated with these areas. New techniques are producing compounds with appropriate activity at a faster rate. While the formulation of these combined with drug-delivery systems offers a promising approach for expanding the drug developments available to modern medicine. Here, various classes of drug-delivery systems are described and the advantages they bring to small molecule and biotherapeutic targeting are highlighted. This is an attractive approach to the pharmaceutical industry and the rising trend in research in this area is examined in brief. [Formula: see text].
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In Vitro Wound Healing Potential of Stem Extract of Alternanthera sessilis. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2018; 2018:3142073. [PMID: 29670658 PMCID: PMC5836361 DOI: 10.1155/2018/3142073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Impaired wound healing is one of the serious problems among the diabetic patients. Currently, available treatments are limited due to side effects and cost effectiveness. In line with that, we attempted to use a natural source to study its potential towards the wound healing process. Therefore, Alternanthera sessilis (A. sessilis), an edible and medicinal plant, was chosen as the target sample for the study. During this investigation, the wound closure properties using stem extract of A. sessilis were analyzed. Accordingly, we analyzed the extract on free radical scavenging capacity and the cell migration of two most prominent cell types on the skin, human dermal fibroblast (NHDF), keratinocytes (HaCaT), and diabetic human dermal fibroblast (HDF-D) to mimic the wound healing in diabetic patients. The bioactive compounds were identified using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). We discovered that the analysis exhibited a remarkable antioxidant, proliferative, and migratory rate in NHDF, HaCaT, and HDF-D in dose-dependent manner, which supports wound healing process, due to the presence of wound healing associated phytocompounds such as Hexadecanoic acid. This study suggested that the stem extract of A. sessilis might be a potential therapeutic agent for skin wound healing, supporting its traditional medicinal uses.
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