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Wu H, Wu Y, Cui Z, Hu L. Nutraceutical delivery systems to improve the bioaccessibility and bioavailability of lycopene: A review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2024; 64:6361-6379. [PMID: 36655428 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2168249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Lycopene is a promising biological functional component with various biological activities and excellent pharmacological activities. However, its low water solubility and stability lead to low oral bioavailability, which limits its edible and medicinal research. Then, it is necessary to explore effective methods to protect lycopene from destruction and further exploit its potential benefits. The absorption of lycopene in vivo is affected by solubility, stability, isomer type, emulsifying ability, difficulty in forming micelles in vivo, and interaction with food components. Emulsions, pickering emulsions, micelles, liposomes, bigels, beasds, solid dispersions, microcapsules, nanoparticles, electrospinning and other drug delivery systems can be used as good strategies to improve the stability and bioavailability of lycopene. In this paper, the absorption process of lycopene in vivo and the factors affecting its bioavailability were discussed, and the preparation strategies for improving the stability, bioavailability, and health benefits of lycopene were reviewed, to provide some clues and references for the full utilization of lycopene in the field of health. However, there are still various unresolved mysteries regarding the metabolism of lycopene. The safety and in vivo studies of various preparations should be further explored, and the above technologies also face the challenge of industrial production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haonan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Yumeng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Zhe Cui
- Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Liandong Hu
- Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, China
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2
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Fakhri S, Moradi SZ, Faraji F, Farhadi T, Hesami O, Iranpanah A, Webber K, Bishayee A. Current advances in nanoformulations of therapeutic agents targeting tumor microenvironment to overcome drug resistance. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2023; 42:959-1020. [PMID: 37505336 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-023-10119-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a pivotal role in cancer development and progression. In this line, revealing the precise mechanisms of the TME and associated signaling pathways of tumor resistance could pave the road for cancer prevention and efficient treatment. The use of nanomedicine could be a step forward in overcoming the barriers in tumor-targeted therapy. Novel delivery systems benefit from enhanced permeability and retention effect, decreasing tumor resistance, reducing tumor hypoxia, and targeting tumor-associated factors, including immune cells, endothelial cells, and fibroblasts. Emerging evidence also indicates the engagement of multiple dysregulated mediators in the TME, such as matrix metalloproteinase, vascular endothelial growth factor, cytokines/chemokines, Wnt/β-catenin, Notch, Hedgehog, and related inflammatory and apoptotic pathways. Hence, investigating novel multitargeted agents using a novel delivery system could be a promising strategy for regulating TME and drug resistance. In recent years, small molecules from natural sources have shown favorable anticancer responses by targeting TME components. Nanoformulations of natural compounds are promising therapeutic agents in simultaneously targeting multiple dysregulated factors and mediators of TME, reducing tumor resistance mechanisms, overcoming interstitial fluid pressure and pericyte coverage, and involvement of basement membrane. The novel nanoformulations employ a vascular normalization strategy, stromal/matrix normalization, and stress alleviation mechanisms to exert higher efficacy and lower side effects. Accordingly, the nanoformulations of anticancer monoclonal antibodies and conventional chemotherapeutic agents also improved their efficacy and lessened the pharmacokinetic limitations. Additionally, the coadministration of nanoformulations of natural compounds along with conventional chemotherapeutic agents, monoclonal antibodies, and nanomedicine-based radiotherapy exhibits encouraging results. This critical review evaluates the current body of knowledge in targeting TME components by nanoformulation-based delivery systems of natural small molecules, monoclonal antibodies, conventional chemotherapeutic agents, and combination therapies in both preclinical and clinical settings. Current challenges, pitfalls, limitations, and future perspectives are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajad Fakhri
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, 6734667149, Iran
| | - Seyed Zachariah Moradi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, 6734667149, Iran
- Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, 6734667149, Iran
| | - Farahnaz Faraji
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, 6517838678, Iran
| | - Tara Farhadi
- Student Research Committee, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, 6714415153, Iran
| | - Osman Hesami
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, 6734667149, Iran
| | - Amin Iranpanah
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, 6734667149, Iran
| | - Kassidy Webber
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL, 34211, USA
| | - Anupam Bishayee
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL, 34211, USA.
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Current Update on Nanotechnology-Based Approaches in Ovarian Cancer Therapy. Reprod Sci 2023; 30:335-349. [PMID: 35585292 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-022-00968-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths among women. The drawbacks of conventional therapeutic strategies encourage researchers to look for alternative strategies, including nanotechnology. Nanotechnology is one of the upcoming domains of science that is rechanneled towards targeted cancer therapy and diagnosis. Nanocarriers such as dendrimers, liposomes, polymer micelles, and polymer nanoparticles present distinct surface characteristics in morphology, surface chemistry, and mode of action that help differentiate normal and malignant cells, which paves the way for target-specific drug delivery. Similarly, nanoparticles have been strategically utilized as efficacious vehicles to deliver drugs that alter the epigenetic modifications in epigenetic therapy. Some studies suggest that the use of specialized target-modified nanoparticles in siRNA-based nanotherapy prevents internalization and improves the antitumor activity of siRNA by ensuring unrestrained entry of siRNA into the tumor vasculature and efficient intracellular delivery of siRNA. Moreover, research findings highlight the significance of utilizing nanoparticles as depots for photosensitive drugs in photodynamic therapy. The applicability of nanoparticles is further extended to medical imaging. They serve as contrast agents in combination with conventional imaging modalities such as MRI, CT, and fluorescence-based imaging to produce vivid and enhanced images of tumors. Therefore, this review aims to explore and delve deeper into the advent of various nanotechnology-based therapeutic and imaging techniques that provide non-invasive and effective means to tackle ovarian cancers.
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4
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Jayarambabu N, Velupla S, Akshaykranth A, Anitha N, Rao TV. Bambusa arundinacea leaves extract-derived Ag NPs: evaluation of the photocatalytic, antioxidant, antibacterial, and anticancer activities. APPLIED PHYSICS. A, MATERIALS SCIENCE & PROCESSING 2022; 129:13. [PMID: 36531186 PMCID: PMC9734976 DOI: 10.1007/s00339-022-06279-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Bio-fabrication has become a safe approach for silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs). The plant-mediated biosynthesized Ag NPs have emerged as a potential substitute for conventional chemical formation. The biosynthesized Ag NPs were analyzed in terms of crystalline nature, morphology, chemical composition, particle size, stability, size, and shape of the particles. The XRD, FTIR, and TEM analysis indicate the presence of the bioactive secondary metabolites compounds. The bamboo-mediated Ag NPs demonstrated a notable antibacterial efficacy against Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogenic microorganisms and showed significant antioxidant activity against DPPH free radicals. The degradation of methylene blue at various intervals under solar light irradiation was used to evaluate the photocatalytic performance of Ag NPs. Further, Ag NPs conveyed potent anticancer activity against MCF-7 cell lines with a significant value IC50. The bamboo leaves-mediated Ag NPs synthesized Ag NPs signified strong antibacterial, antioxidant, and anticancer activity; hence, it can be used in various biomedical applications and face mask coating to prevent the coronavirus after successful clinical trials in research laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. Jayarambabu
- Department of Physics, National Institute of Technology, Warangal, 506004 India
| | - Suresh Velupla
- Department of Biochemistry, Osmania University, Hyderabad, 500007 India
| | - A. Akshaykranth
- Department of Physics, National Institute of Technology, Warangal, 506004 India
| | - N. Anitha
- Department of Physics, National Institute of Technology, Warangal, 506004 India
| | - T. Venkatappa Rao
- Department of Physics, National Institute of Technology, Warangal, 506004 India
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Chinnappa K, Karuna Ananthai P, Srinivasan PP, Dharmaraj Glorybai C. Green synthesis of rGO-AgNP composite using Curcubita maxima extract for enhanced photocatalytic degradation of the organophosphate pesticide chlorpyrifos. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:58121-58132. [PMID: 35364789 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-19917-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In this study, Curcubita maxima leaves are used as a novel source for green synthesis of reduced graphene oxide - silver nanoparticle composite in a single pot. Characterization of the novel phyto source-driven composite was performed by UV-visible spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared analysis, X-ray diffraction analysis, and field emission scanning electron microscopic methods. The assessment of degradation effect of chlorpyrifos by the synthesized nanocomposite was performed. The photocatalytic activity of the composite was demonstrated through two different processes as adsorption under room temperature and photocatalysis in the presence of sunlight. Different parameters such as pH, time, photocatalyst dose and pesticide concentration were optimized. The adsorption isotherms governing the photocatalytic adsorption process were investigated to predict the adsorption capacity of the synthesized nanocomposite. In addition, the results of antimicrobial activity of the nanocomposite against gram-positive, gram-negative bacteria and antifungal activity were also been found to be highly promising to utilize this composite for the removal of microbial contaminations in wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karthik Chinnappa
- Department of Biotechnology, St. Joseph's College of Engineering, OMR, Chennai, - 600119, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | | | - Pandi Prabha Srinivasan
- Department of Biotechnology, Sri Venkateswara College of Engineering, Sriperumbudur Taluk, - 602117, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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The Application of Carbon Nanomaterials in Sensing, Imaging, Drug Delivery and Therapy for Gynecologic Cancers: An Overview. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27144465. [PMID: 35889338 PMCID: PMC9324069 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27144465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Gynecologic cancers are one of the main health concerns of women throughout the world, and the early diagnosis and effective therapy of gynecologic cancers will be particularly important for the survival of female patients. As a current hotspot, carbon nanomaterials have attracted tremendous interest in tumor theranostics, and their application in gynecologic cancers has also been developed rapidly with great achievements in recent years. This Overview Article summarizes the latest progress in the application of diverse carbon nanomaterials (e.g., graphenes, carbon nanotubes, mesoporous carbon, carbon dots, etc.) and their derivatives in the sensing, imaging, drug delivery, and therapy of different gynecologic cancers. Important research contributions are highlighted in terms of the relationships among the fabrication strategies, architectural features, and action mechanisms for the diagnosis and therapy of gynecologic cancers. The current challenges and future strategies are discussed from the viewpoint of the real clinical application of carbon-based nanomedicines in gynecologic cancers. It is anticipated that this review will attract more attention toward the development and application of carbon nanomaterials for the theranostics of gynecologic cancers.
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Widatalla HA, Yassin LF, Alrasheid AA, Rahman Ahmed SA, Widdatallah MO, Eltilib SH, Mohamed AA. Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using green tea leaf extract, characterization and evaluation of antimicrobial activity. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2022; 4:911-915. [PMID: 36131825 PMCID: PMC9419201 DOI: 10.1039/d1na00509j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The use of nanoparticles in medicine, nanomedicine, is very important to diagnose and treat diseases; among the various metallic nanoparticles, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are very popular due to their physical, chemical, and biological properties, encompassing a range of activities such as antiviral, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer activities. In this study, the synthesis of AgNPs was conducted by the use of a nontoxic, ecofriendly method. Green tea (GT) leaf extract was used as a reducing agent to convert silver ions into free AgNPs. The UV-vis spectrum showed a peak at 410 nm, confirming the presence of AgNPs. A Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) analysis of the GT extract and GT AgNPs display spectra that is identical to those of polyphenols, polysaccharides, and proteins. All the vibrational peaks in the GT extract spectrum were shifted in the AgNP spectrum, becoming narrower after the encapsulation of nanoparticles. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images confirm the presence of AgNPs with different sizes, ranging from 15 to 33 nm. Furthermore, the antibacterial activity of the synthesized AgNPs in three different concentrations (10, 20, and 50 mg ml-1) showed appreciable inhibition of bacterial growth against Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella sp. From the above findings, we can recommend the use of AgNPs from GT leaf extracts as an antimicrobial agent to treat chronic infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiba Abbas Widatalla
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medical Sciences and Technology Khartoum Sudan
| | - Layla Fathi Yassin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medical Sciences and Technology Khartoum Sudan
| | - Ayat Ahmed Alrasheid
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medical Sciences and Technology Khartoum Sudan
| | - Shimaa Abdel Rahman Ahmed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medical Sciences and Technology Khartoum Sudan
| | - Marvit Osman Widdatallah
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medical Sciences and Technology Khartoum Sudan
| | - Sahar Hussein Eltilib
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medical Sciences and Technology Khartoum Sudan
| | - Alaa Abdulmoneim Mohamed
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medical Sciences and Technology Khartoum Sudan
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8
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Samad A, Huq MA, Rahman MS. Bioinformatics approaches identified dasatinib and bortezomib inhibit the activity of MCM7 protein as a potential treatment against human cancer. Sci Rep 2022; 12:1539. [PMID: 35087187 PMCID: PMC8795118 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-05621-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Minichromosome Maintenance Complex Component 7 (MCM7) is a key component of the DNA replication licensing factor and hexamer MCM (MCM2-7) complex that regulates the DNA replication process. The MCM7 protein is associated with tumor cell proliferation that plays an important role in different human cancer progression. As the protein is highly expressed during the cancer development process, therefore, inhibition of the protein can be utilized as a treatment option for different human cancer. However, the study aimed to identify potential small molecular drug candidates against the MCM7 protein that can utilize treatment options for human cancer. Initially, the compounds identified from protein-drugs network analysis have been retrieved from NetworkAnalyst v3.0 server and screened through molecular docking, MM-GBSA, DFT, pharmacokinetics, toxicity, and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation approach. Two compounds namely Dasatinib (CID_3062316) and Bortezomib (CID_387447) have been identified throughout the screening process, which have the highest negative binding affinity (Kcal/mol) and binding free energy (Kcal/mol). The pharmacokinetics and toxicity analysis identified drug-like properties and no toxicity properties of the compounds, where 500 ns MD simulation confirmed structural stability of the two compounds to the targeted proteins. Therefore, we can conclude that the compounds dasatinib and bortezomib can inhibit the activity of the MCM7 and can be developed as a treatment option against human cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdus Samad
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, 7408, Bangladesh
- Bioinformatics and Microbial Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, 7408, Bangladesh
| | - Md Amdadul Huq
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Biotechnology and Natural Resource, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Gyeonggi-do, 17546, Republic of Korea.
| | - Md Shahedur Rahman
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, 7408, Bangladesh.
- Bioinformatics and Microbial Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, 7408, Bangladesh.
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Patil AG. Facile one pot microbe-mediated in situsynthesis and antibacterial activity of reduced graphene oxide-silver nanocomposite. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 33:135603. [PMID: 34933299 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac4521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The present research deals with the development of a novel bioinspiredin situfabrication of reduced graphene oxide (rGO)-silver nanoparticle (AgNPs) nanocomposite (rGO@AgNCs) using microbes namelyPseudomonas aeruginosa(PA) andStaphylococcus aureus(SA). The fabricated rGO@AgNCs were characterized using Ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), particle size analysis, polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential analysis, energy dispersive x-ray analysis (EDAX), Raman spectroscopy, powder x-ray diffraction (PXRD), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) analysis, etc. Furthermore, the rGO@AgNCs-PA and rGO@AgNCs-SA interaction with serum protein, pH stability study, andin vitrodissolution of AgNPs were also performed. The research findings of the proposed study demonstrated the simultaneous reduction of graphene oxide (GO) and AgNPs and the formation of rGO@AgNCs in the presence of microbes. Thein vitrodissolution studies of rGO@AgNCs composites showed better AgNPs dissolution with controlled release and offered remarkable matrix integrity throughout the dissolution period. The size and stability of rGO@AgNCs-PA and rGO@AgNCs-SA had no significant changes at physiological pH 7.4. A minimal decrease in the zeta potential of rGO@AgNCs was observed, which may be due to the weak interaction of nanocomposites and albumin. The antibacterial application of the synthesized nanocomposite was evaluated against a pathogenic mastitis-forming bacterium. The obtained results suggested an admirable antibacterial activity of synthesized nanocomposites against the tested microbes. This knowledge will assist the scientific fraternity in designing novel antibacterial agents with enhanced antibacterial activity against various veterinary pathogens in near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwini G Patil
- Department of Microbiology, R. C. Patel Arts, Science and Commerce College, Shirpur, 425405, Maharashtra, India
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Sridhar K, Inbaraj BS, Chen BH. Recent Advances on Nanoparticle Based Strategies for Improving Carotenoid Stability and Biological Activity. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:713. [PMID: 33946470 PMCID: PMC8147144 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10050713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Carotenoids are natural pigments widely used in food industries due to their health-promoting properties. However, the presence of long-chain conjugated double bonds are responsible for chemical instability, poor water solubility, low bioavailability and high susceptibility to oxidation. The application of a nanoencapsulation technique has thus become a vital means to enhance stability of carotenoids under physiological conditions due to their small particle size, high aqueous solubility and improved bioavailability. This review intends to overview the advances in preparation, characterization, biocompatibility and application of nanocarotenoids reported in research/review papers published in peer-reviewed journals over the last five years. More specifically, nanocarotenoids were prepared from both carotenoid extracts and standards by employing various preparation techniques to yield different nanostructures including nanoemulsions, nanoliposomes, polymeric/biopolymeric nanoparticles, solid lipid nanoparticles, nanostructured lipid nanoparticles, supercritical fluid-based nanoparticles and metal/metal oxide nanoparticles. Stability studies involved evaluation of physical stability and/or chemical stability under different storage conditions and heating temperatures for varied lengths of time, while the release behavior and bioaccessibility were determined by various in vitro digestion and absorption models as well as bioavailability through elucidating pharmacokinetics in an animal model. Moreover, application of nanocarotenoids for various biological applications including antioxidant, anticancer, antibacterial, antiaging, cosmetics, diabetic wound healing and hepatic steatosis were summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Bing-Huei Chen
- Department of Food Science, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 24205, Taiwan; (K.S.); or (B.S.I.)
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11
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Recent Advances in Nanotechnology with Nano-Phytochemicals: Molecular Mechanisms and Clinical Implications in Cancer Progression. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073571. [PMID: 33808235 PMCID: PMC8036762 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Biocompatible nanoparticles (NPs) containing polymers, lipids (liposomes and micelles), dendrimers, ferritin, carbon nanotubes, quantum dots, ceramic, magnetic materials, and gold/silver have contributed to imaging diagnosis and targeted cancer therapy. However, only some NP drugs, including Doxil® (liposome-encapsulated doxorubicin), Abraxane® (albumin-bound paclitaxel), and Oncaspar® (PEG-Asparaginase), have emerged on the pharmaceutical market to date. By contrast, several phytochemicals that were found to be effective in cultured cancer cells and animal studies have not shown significant efficacy in humans due to poor bioavailability and absorption, rapid clearance, resistance, and toxicity. Research to overcome these drawbacks by using phytochemical NPs remains in the early stages of clinical translation. Thus, in the current review, we discuss the progress in nanotechnology, research milestones, the molecular mechanisms of phytochemicals encapsulated in NPs, and clinical implications. Several challenges that must be overcome and future research perspectives are also described.
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Yuan YG, Cai HQ, Wang JL, Mesalam A, Md Talimur Reza AM, Li L, Chen L, Qian C. Graphene Oxide-Silver Nanoparticle Nanocomposites Induce Oxidative Stress and Aberrant Methylation in Caprine Fetal Fibroblast Cells. Cells 2021; 10:cells10030682. [PMID: 33808775 PMCID: PMC8003532 DOI: 10.3390/cells10030682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Graphene oxide–silver nanoparticle (GO-AgNPs) nanocomposites have drawn much attention for their potential in biomedical uses. However, the potential toxicity of GO-AgNPs in animals and humans remains unknown, particularly in the developing fetus. Here, we reported the GO-AgNP-mediated cytotoxicity and epigenetic alteration status in caprine fetal fibroblast cells (CFFCs). In brief, the proliferation and apoptosis rate of GO-AgNP-treated CFFCs (4 and 8 µg/mL of GO-AgNPs) were measured using the cell-counting kit (CCK-8) assay and the annexin V/propidium iodide (PI) assay, respectively. In addition, the oxidative stress induced by GO-AgNPs and detailed mechanisms were studied by evaluating the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), superoxide dismutase (SOD), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), malondialdehyde (MDA), and caspase-3 and abnormal methylation. The expression of pro- and anti-apoptotic genes and DNA methyltransferases was measured using reverse transcription followed by RT-qPCR. Our data indicated that GO-AgNPs cause cytotoxicity in a dose-dependent manner. GO-AgNPs induced significant cytotoxicity by the loss of cell viability, production of ROS, increasing leakage of LDH and level of MDA, increasing expression of pro-apoptotic genes, and decreasing expression of anti-apoptotic genes. GO-AgNPs incited DNA hypomethylation and the decreased expression of DNMT3A. Taken together, this study showed that GO-AgNPs increase the generation of ROS and cause apoptosis and DNA hypomethylation in CFFCs. Therefore, the potential applications of GO-AgNPs in biomedicine should be re-evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Guo Yuan
- College of Veterinary Medicine/Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (H.-Q.C.); (J.-L.W.); (L.L.); (L.C.); (C.Q.)
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-514-87979228
| | - He-Qing Cai
- College of Veterinary Medicine/Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (H.-Q.C.); (J.-L.W.); (L.L.); (L.C.); (C.Q.)
| | - Jia-Lin Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine/Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (H.-Q.C.); (J.-L.W.); (L.L.); (L.C.); (C.Q.)
| | - Ayman Mesalam
- Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt;
| | - Abu Musa Md Talimur Reza
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5a, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Ling Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine/Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (H.-Q.C.); (J.-L.W.); (L.L.); (L.C.); (C.Q.)
| | - Li Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine/Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (H.-Q.C.); (J.-L.W.); (L.L.); (L.C.); (C.Q.)
| | - Chen Qian
- College of Veterinary Medicine/Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (H.-Q.C.); (J.-L.W.); (L.L.); (L.C.); (C.Q.)
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13
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Chowdhury S, Ghosh S. Nanoparticles and Stem Cells. Stem Cells 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-16-1638-9_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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14
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Sanità G, Carrese B, Lamberti A. Nanoparticle Surface Functionalization: How to Improve Biocompatibility and Cellular Internalization. Front Mol Biosci 2020; 7:587012. [PMID: 33324678 PMCID: PMC7726445 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2020.587012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of nanoparticles (NP) in diagnosis and treatment of many human diseases, including cancer, is of increasing interest. However, cytotoxic effects of NPs on cells and the uptake efficiency significantly limit their use in clinical practice. The physico-chemical properties of NPs including surface composition, superficial charge, size and shape are considered the key factors that affect the biocompatibility and uptake efficiency of these nanoplatforms. Thanks to the possibility of modifying physico-chemical properties of NPs, it is possible to improve their biocompatibility and uptake efficiency through the functionalization of the NP surface. In this review, we summarize some of the most recent studies in which NP surface modification enhances biocompatibility and uptake. Furthermore, the most used techniques used to assess biocompatibility and uptake are also reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gennaro Sanità
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Annalisa Lamberti
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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15
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Feng G, Zhang XF. Production of a codonopsis polysaccharide iron complex and evaluation of its properties. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 162:1227-1240. [PMID: 32615228 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.06.210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A water extraction and alcohol precipitation method was applied to extract polysaccharides from Codonopsis pilosula (CPP), response surface methodology was used to optimize the extraction conditions and synthesis of C. pilosula polysaccharide iron (CPPI), and the properties of CPPI were evaluated. The optimum extraction conditions for CPP were as follows: liquid-solid ratio of 29.39 mL/g, time of 1.25 h and temperature of 62.84 °C. The optimum synthesis conditions for CPPI were pH 8.9, temperature 70.30 °C and the ratio of citric acid to CPP1 of 2.95. An HPSEC-MALLS-RID system, UV spectroscopy, FT-IR spectroscopy and NMR were used for characterization of the polysaccharide. CPPI exhibited antioxidant activity in vitro and a relatively strong inhibitory effect on A2780 cells growth. After CPPI treatment, the reactive oxygen species increased, the mitochondrial membrane potential decreased, and DNA damage was observed in A2780 cells. Therefore, CPPI should be explored as a potential antioxidant and an antitumor drug in a clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Feng
- College of Veterinary medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, People's Republic of China; College of Biology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi-Feng Zhang
- College of Veterinary medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, People's Republic of China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, People's Republic of China.
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16
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Miller EM, Samec TM, Alexander-Bryant AA. Nanoparticle delivery systems to combat drug resistance in ovarian cancer. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2020; 31:102309. [PMID: 32992019 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2020.102309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Due to the lack of early symptoms and difficulty of accurate diagnosis, ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecological cancer faced by women. First-line therapy includes a combination of tumor resection surgery and chemotherapy regimen. However, treatment becomes more complex upon recurrence due to development of drug resistance. Drug resistance has been linked to many mechanisms, including efflux transporters, apoptosis dysregulation, autophagy, cancer stem cells, epigenetics, and the epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Thus, developing and choosing effective therapies is exceptionally complex. There is a need for increased specificity and efficacy in therapies for drug-resistant ovarian cancer, and research in targeted nanoparticle delivery systems aims to fulfill this challenge. Although recent research has focused on targeted nanoparticle-based therapies, few of these therapies have been clinically translated. In this review, non-viral nanoparticle delivery systems developed to overcome drug-resistance in ovarian cancer were analyzed, including their structural components, surface modifications, and drug-resistance targeted mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily M Miller
- Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC
| | - Timothy M Samec
- Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC
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17
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Anticancer Properties of Platinum Nanoparticles and Retinoic Acid: Combination Therapy for the Treatment of Human Neuroblastoma Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186792. [PMID: 32947930 PMCID: PMC7554966 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma is the most common extracranial solid tumor in childhood. The different treatments available for neuroblastoma are challenged by high rates of resistance, recurrence, and progression, most notably in advanced cases and highly malignant tumors. Therefore, the development of more targeted therapies, which are biocompatible and without undesired side effects, is highly desirable. The mechanisms of actions of platinum nanoparticles (PtNPs) and retinoic acid (RA) in neuroblastoma have remained unclear. In this study, the anticancer effects of PtNPs and RA on neuroblastoma were assessed. We demonstrated that treatment of SH-SY5Y cells with the combination of PtNPs and RA resulted in improved anticancer effects. The anticancer effects of the two compounds were mediated by cytotoxicity, oxidative stress (OS), mitochondrial dysfunction, endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS), and apoptosis-associated networks. Cytotoxicity was confirmed by leakage of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and intracellular protease, and oxidative stress increased the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS), 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE), malondialdehyde (MDA), and nitric oxide (NO), and protein carbonyl content (PCC). The combination of PtNPs and RA caused mitochondrial dysfunction by decreasing the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), adenosine triphosphate (ATP) content, number of mitochondria, and expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α). Endoplasmic reticulum-mediated stress and apoptosis were confirmed by upregulation of protein kinase RNA-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK), inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1), activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6), activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4), p53, Bax, and caspase-3 and down regulation of B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCl-2). PtNPs and RA induced apoptosis, and oxidative DNA damage was evident by the accumulation of 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and 8-hydroxyguanosine (8-OHG). Finally, PtNPs and RA increased the differentiation and expression of differentiation markers. Differentiated SH-SY5Y cells pre-treated with PtNPs or RA or the combination of both were more sensitive to the cytotoxic effect of cisplatin than undifferentiated cells. To our knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate the effect of the combination of PtNPs and RA in neuroblastoma cells. PtNPs may be a potential preconditioning or adjuvant compound in chemotherapeutic treatment. The results of this study provide a rationale for clinical evaluation of the combination of PtNPs and RA for the treatment of children suffering from high-risk neuroblastoma.
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Ou S, Fang Y, Tang H, Wu T, Chen L, Jiang M, Zhou L, Xu J, Guo K. Lycopene protects neuroblastoma cells against oxidative damage via depression of ER stress. J Food Sci 2020; 85:3552-3561. [PMID: 32885410 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.15419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Lycopene is a pigment derived from tomatoes and other red fruits, and has potent antioxidant and antitumor effects. However, its potential role in alleviating oxidative damage in neuronal cells is not well defined. In this study, we investigated the effects of lycopene on H2 O2 -induced damage in neuroblastoma cells, as well as the underlying mechanisms. Exposure to H2 O2 markedly decreased the viability of SH-SY5Y cells and increased LDH release, both of which were reversed by lycopene pretreatment. Lycopene also ameliorated H2 O2 -induced damage and reduced the expression of apoptotic markers, such as Bcl-2, Bax, and cleaved caspase 3. In addition, the H2 O2 -induced oxidative markers, including MDA, 8-OHdG, and protein carbonyls, were also downregulated by lycopene. Exogenous H2 O2 activated the GRP78/PERK/eIF2α signaling pathway, which was inhibited by pretreatment with lycopene. Finally, lycopene significantly ameliorated ER stress-induced activation and nuclear translocation of CHOP. Overexpression of CHOP markedly reversed the antiapoptotic effects of lycopene, indicating that it is essential for the latter's protective effects. Taken together, lycopene protects neuroblastoma cells from oxidative stress and ER stress-induced damage by inhibiting the PERK-CHOP signaling pathway, which is a potential therapeutic target in neurodegenerative diseases. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Lycopene demonstrated antioxidative damage properties in protecting the neural system in vitro. The present study provides a novel preventive strategy against neurodegenerative diseases. Increased consumption of lycopene-based products and lycopene-rich fruits and vegetables may result in a lower risk for neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Ou
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.,The 5th Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, China
| | - Yinchao Fang
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Hai Tang
- Guangdong Jiangmen Chinese Medical College, Jiangmen, Guangdong, 529000, China
| | - Tong Wu
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Lizhi Chen
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Mei Jiang
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Lingqi Zhou
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Jie Xu
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Kaihua Guo
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
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19
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Koklesova L, Liskova A, Samec M, Buhrmann C, Samuel SM, Varghese E, Ashrafizadeh M, Najafi M, Shakibaei M, Büsselberg D, Giordano FA, Golubnitschaja O, Kubatka P. Carotenoids in Cancer Apoptosis-The Road from Bench to Bedside and Back. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2425. [PMID: 32859058 PMCID: PMC7563597 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12092425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
An incidence and mortality of cancer are rapidly growing worldwide, especially due to heterogeneous character of the disease that is associated with irreversible impairment of cellular homeostasis and function. Targeting apoptosis, one of cancer hallmarks, represents a potent cancer treatment strategy. Carotenoids are phytochemicals represented by carotenes, xanthophylls, and derived compounds such as apocarotenoids that demonstrate a broad spectrum of anti-cancer effects involving pro-apoptotic signaling through extrinsic and intrinsic pathways. As demonstrated in preclinical oncology research, the apoptotic modulation is performed at post-genomic levels. Further, carotenoids demonstrate additive/synergistic action in combination with conventional oncostatic agents. In addition, a sensitization of tumor cells to anti-cancer conventional treatment can be achieved by carotenoids. The disadvantage of anti-cancer application of carotenoids is associated with their low solubility and, therefore, poor bioavailability. However, this deficiency can be improved by using nanotechnological approaches, solid dispersions, microemulsions or biofortification that significantly increase the anti-cancer and pro-apoptotic efficacy of carotenoids. Only limited number of studies dealing with apoptotic potential of carotenoids has been published in clinical sphere. Pro-apoptotic effects of carotenoids should be beneficial for individuals at high risk of cancer development. The article considers the utility of carotenoids in the framework of 3P medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenka Koklesova
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia; (L.K.); (A.L.); (M.S.)
| | - Alena Liskova
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia; (L.K.); (A.L.); (M.S.)
| | - Marek Samec
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia; (L.K.); (A.L.); (M.S.)
| | - Constanze Buhrmann
- Musculoskeletal Research Group and Tumour Biology, Chair of Vegetative Anatomy, Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich, D-80336 Munich, Germany; (C.B.); (M.S.)
| | - Samson Mathews Samuel
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine in Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha 24144, Qatar; (S.M.S.); (E.V.); (D.B.)
| | - Elizabeth Varghese
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine in Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha 24144, Qatar; (S.M.S.); (E.V.); (D.B.)
| | - Milad Ashrafizadeh
- Department of Basic Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, 51368 Tabriz, Iran;
| | - Masoud Najafi
- Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Department, School of Paramedical Sciences, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, 67146 Kermanshah, Iran;
| | - Mehdi Shakibaei
- Musculoskeletal Research Group and Tumour Biology, Chair of Vegetative Anatomy, Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich, D-80336 Munich, Germany; (C.B.); (M.S.)
| | - Dietrich Büsselberg
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine in Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha 24144, Qatar; (S.M.S.); (E.V.); (D.B.)
| | - Frank A. Giordano
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Bonn, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany;
| | - Olga Golubnitschaja
- Predictive, Preventive Personalised (3P) Medicine, Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Bonn, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Peter Kubatka
- Department of Medical Biology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia
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20
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Cui L, Xu F, Wu K, Li L, Qiao T, Li Z, Chen T, Sun C. Anticancer effects and possible mechanisms of lycopene intervention on N-methylbenzylnitrosamine induced esophageal cancer in F344 rats based on PPARγ 1. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 881:173230. [PMID: 32553810 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Lycopene, a natural carotenoid, has potential chemopreventive effects in many cancers. This study aimed to examine the effects of lycopene on regulating the inflammation and apoptosis of N-nitrosomethylbenzylamine(NMBzA) induced esophageal cancer in F344 rats. After the rats were fed normal diets containing different concentrations of lycopene for 25 weeks (10, 25, 50 mg/kg·d of lycopene, respectively), the incidence of tumors in the rats treated with lycopene was significantly lower than that in the simple exposed group (P < 0.05). The antioxidant activity of lycopene was exerted by measuring the levels of GSH-PX, SOD and MDA activity by oxidative stress kits. Furthermore, through western blotting analysis lycopene intervention was found to have significantly improved apoptosis cytokines by increasing the protein expression levels of PPARγ and caspase-3, and also significantly reduced inflammatory cytokines by decreasing the protein expression of NF-κB and COX-2 in the esophagus tissue, especially in the 25 mg/kg of lycopene intervention group (all P < 0.05). These results demonstrated that appropriate dose of lycopene intervention could inhibit the carcinogenesis of esophageal in F344 rats through the possible mechanisms of anti-inflammatory and pro-apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Cui
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China.
| | - Fan Xu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China.
| | - Kai Wu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
| | - Li Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China.
| | - Tianyi Qiao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China.
| | - Zhonglei Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China.
| | - Tingting Chen
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China.
| | - Changqing Sun
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China.
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21
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Curcio M, Farfalla A, Saletta F, Valli E, Pantuso E, Nicoletta FP, Iemma F, Vittorio O, Cirillo G. Functionalized Carbon Nanostructures Versus Drug Resistance: Promising Scenarios in Cancer Treatment. Molecules 2020; 25:E2102. [PMID: 32365886 PMCID: PMC7249046 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25092102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbon nanostructures (CN) are emerging valuable materials for the assembly of highly engineered multifunctional nanovehicles for cancer therapy, in particular for counteracting the insurgence of multi-drug resistance (MDR). In this regard, carbon nanotubes (CNT), graphene oxide (GO), and fullerenes (F) have been proposed as promising materials due to their superior physical, chemical, and biological features. The possibility to easily modify their surface, conferring tailored properties, allows different CN derivatives to be synthesized. Although many studies have explored this topic, a comprehensive review evaluating the beneficial use of functionalized CNT vs G or F is still missing. Within this paper, the most relevant examples of CN-based nanosystems proposed for MDR reversal are reviewed, taking into consideration the functionalization routes, as well as the biological mechanisms involved and the possible toxicity concerns. The main aim is to understand which functional CN represents the most promising strategy to be further investigated for overcoming MDR in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Curcio
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy; (M.C.); (A.F.); (E.P.); (F.P.N.); (F.I.)
| | - Annafranca Farfalla
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy; (M.C.); (A.F.); (E.P.); (F.P.N.); (F.I.)
| | - Federica Saletta
- Lowy Cancer Research Centre, Children’s Cancer Institute, UNSW Sydney, NSW 2031, Australia; (F.S.); (E.V.)
- School of Women’s and Children’s Health, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Convergent BioNano Science and Technology, Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, UNSW Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Emanuele Valli
- Lowy Cancer Research Centre, Children’s Cancer Institute, UNSW Sydney, NSW 2031, Australia; (F.S.); (E.V.)
- School of Women’s and Children’s Health, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Elvira Pantuso
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy; (M.C.); (A.F.); (E.P.); (F.P.N.); (F.I.)
| | - Fiore Pasquale Nicoletta
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy; (M.C.); (A.F.); (E.P.); (F.P.N.); (F.I.)
| | - Francesca Iemma
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy; (M.C.); (A.F.); (E.P.); (F.P.N.); (F.I.)
| | - Orazio Vittorio
- Lowy Cancer Research Centre, Children’s Cancer Institute, UNSW Sydney, NSW 2031, Australia; (F.S.); (E.V.)
- School of Women’s and Children’s Health, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Convergent BioNano Science and Technology, Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, UNSW Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Giuseppe Cirillo
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy; (M.C.); (A.F.); (E.P.); (F.P.N.); (F.I.)
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22
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Hussain Z, Thu HE, Sohail M, Khan S. Hybridization and functionalization with biological macromolecules synergistically improve biomedical efficacy of silver nanoparticles: Reconceptualization of in-vitro, in-vivo and clinical studies. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2019.101169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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23
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Sanaei M, Kavoosi F. Effect of 5-Aza-2'-Deoxycytidine in Comparison to Valproic Acid and Trichostatin A on Histone Deacetylase 1, DNA Methyltransferase 1, and CIP/KIP Family (p21, p27, and p57) Genes Expression, Cell Growth Inhibition, and Apoptosis Induction in Colon Cancer SW480 Cell Line. Adv Biomed Res 2019; 8:52. [PMID: 31516890 PMCID: PMC6712896 DOI: 10.4103/abr.abr_91_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer initiation and progression depends on genetic and epigenetic alterations such as DNA methylation and histone modifications. Hypermethylation and deacetylation of the CIP/KIP family (p21, p27, and p57) lead to tumorigenesis. Our previous study indicated that DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) inhibitor and histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors can inhibit cell growth and induce apoptosis. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of 5-Aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-Aza-CdR) in comparison to valproic acid (VPA) and trichostatin A (TSA) on HDAC1, DNMT1, and CIP/KIP family (p21, p27, and p57) genes expression, cell growth inhibition, and apoptosis induction in colon cancer SW480 cell line. MATERIALS AND METHODS The effect of the compounds on the cell viability was measured by MTT assay. The expression of HDAC1, DNMT1, and CIP/KIP family (p21, p27, and p57) genes was evaluated by real-time quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). For the detection of cell apoptosis, apoptotic cells were examined by the Annexin V-FITC/PI detection kit. RESULTS The results of MTT assay indicated that 5-Aza-CdR, VPA, and TSA significantly inhibited cell growth (P < 0.002, P < 0.001, and P < 0.001, respectively). The results of real-time RT-PCR demonstrated that all compounds significantly down-regulated DNMT1 and HDAC1, and up-regulated p21, p27, and p57 genes expression. The result of flow cytometry assay revealed that all agents induced apoptosis significantly. CONCLUSION 5-Aza-CdR, VPA, and TSA can significantly downregulate DNMT1 and HDAC1 and up-regulate p21, p27, and p57 genes expression through which enhance cell apoptosis and cell growth inhibition in colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masumeh Sanaei
- From the Research Center for Noncommunicable Diseases, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Fars Province, Iran
| | - Fraidoon Kavoosi
- From the Research Center for Noncommunicable Diseases, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Fars Province, Iran
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24
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Tangeretin-Assisted Platinum Nanoparticles Enhance the Apoptotic Properties of Doxorubicin: Combination Therapy for Osteosarcoma Treatment. NANOMATERIALS 2019; 9:nano9081089. [PMID: 31362420 PMCID: PMC6723885 DOI: 10.3390/nano9081089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common type of cancer and the most frequent malignant bone tumor in childhood and adolescence. Nanomedicine has become an indispensable field in biomedical and clinical research, with nanoparticles (NPs) promising to increase the therapeutic efficacy of anticancer drugs. Doxorubicin (DOX) is a commonly used chemotherapeutic drug against OS; however, it causes severe side effects that restrict its clinical applications. Here, we investigated whether combining platinum NPs (PtNPs) and DOX could increase their anticancer activity in human bone OS epithelial cells (U2OS). PtNPs with nontoxic, effective, thermally stable, and thermoplasmonic properties were synthesized and characterized using tangeretin. We examined the combined effects of PtNPs and DOX on cell viability, proliferation, and morphology, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, lipid peroxidation, nitric oxide, protein carbonyl content, antioxidants, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), adenosine tri phosphate (ATP) level, apoptotic and antiapoptotic gene expression, oxidative stress-induced DNA damage, and DNA repair genes. PtNPs and DOX significantly inhibited U2OS viability and proliferation in a dose-dependent manner, increasing lactate dehydrogenase leakage, ROS generation, and malondialdehyde, nitric oxide, and carbonylated protein levels. Mitochondrial dysfunction was confirmed by reduced MMP, decreased ATP levels, and upregulated apoptotic/downregulated antiapoptotic gene expression. Oxidative stress was a major cause of cytotoxicity and genotoxicity, confirmed by decreased levels of various antioxidants. Furthermore, PtNPs and DOX increased 8-oxo-dG and 8-oxo-G levels and induced DNA damage and repair gene expression. Combination of cisplatin and DOX potentially induce apoptosis comparable to PtNPs and DOX. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report to describe the combined effects of PtNPs and DOX in OS.
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25
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Li X, Jia P, Huang Z, Liu S, Miao J, Guo Y, Wu N, Jia D. Lycopene protects against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury by inhibiting mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening. Drug Des Devel Ther 2019; 13:2331-2342. [PMID: 31371925 PMCID: PMC6635826 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s194753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitochondria permeability transition pore (MPTP) is an important therapeutic target for myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI). Lycopene (LP) is a potent antioxidant extracted from the mature fruits of plants and has been reported to protect against MIRI; however, its mechanism of action has yet to be completely elucidated. The present study aimed to investigate the role of MPTP in the cardioprotection of LP. METHODS H9c2 cells were pretreated with LP for 12 hrs and were subjected to 12-hr hypoxia/1-hr re-oxygenation, and cell viability was measured by a Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay. Male rats were subsequently intraperitoneally injected with LP for 5 consecutive days. At 24 hrs following the final injection, the rat hearts were isolated and subjected to 30-min ischemia/120-min reperfusion using Langendorff apparatus. The myocardial infarct size was measured by a TTC stain. Opening of the MPTP was induced by CaCl2 and measured by colorimetry. The change in mitochondrial transmembrane potential (ΔΨm) was observed under a fluorescence microscope. Apoptosis was measured by flow cytometry and a TUNEL stain, and the expression of apoptosis-related proteins was detected by Western blotting. RESULTS LP pretreatment significantly increased cell viability, reduced myocardial infarct size and decreased the apoptosis rate. In addition, opening and the decrease of ΔΨm were attenuated by LP and the expressions of cytochrome c, APAF-1, cleaved caspase-9 and cleaved caspase-3 were also decreased by LP. However, these beneficial effects on MIRI were abrogated by the MPTP opener (atractyloside). Furthermore, LP treatment markedly increased Bcl-2 expression, decreased Bax expression and the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio. CONCLUSION The results of the present study demonstrated that LP protects against MIRI by inhibiting MPTP opening, partly through the modulation of Bax and Bcl-2.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Nan Wu
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The Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning110001, People’s Republic of China
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Evaluation of Graphene Oxide Induced Cellular Toxicity and Transcriptome Analysis in Human Embryonic Kidney Cells. NANOMATERIALS 2019; 9:nano9070969. [PMID: 31269699 PMCID: PMC6669460 DOI: 10.3390/nano9070969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Graphene, a two-dimensional carbon sheet with single-atom thickness, shows immense promise in several nanoscientific and nanotechnological applications, including in sensors, catalysis, and biomedicine. Although several studies have shown the cytotoxicity of graphene oxide in different cell types, there are no comprehensive studies on human embryonic kidney (HEK293) cells that include transcriptomic analysis and an in vitro investigation into the mechanisms of cytotoxicity following exposure to graphene oxide. Therefore, we exposed HEK293 cells to different concentrations of graphene oxide for 24 h and performed several cellular assays. Cell viability and proliferation assays revealed a significant dose-dependent cytotoxic effect on HEK293 cells. Cytotoxicity assays showed increased lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and decreased levels of reduced glutathione (GSH) and increased level of oxidized glutathione indicative of oxidative stress. This detailed mechanistic approach showed that graphene oxide exposure elicits significant decreases in mitochondrial membrane potential and ATP synthesis, as well as in DNA damage and caspase 3 activity. Furthermore, our RNA-Seq analysis revealed that HEK293 cells exposed to graphene oxide significantly altered the expression of genes involved in multiple apoptosis-related biological pathways. Moreover, graphene oxide exposure perturbed the expression of key transcription factors, promoting these apoptosis-related pathways by regulating their downstream genes. Our analysis provides mechanistic insights into how exposure to graphene oxide induces changes in cellular responses and massive cell death in HEK293 cells. To our knowledge, this is the first study describing a combination of cellular responses and transcriptome in HEK293 cells exposed to graphene oxide nanoparticles, providing a foundation for understanding the molecular mechanisms of graphene oxide-induced cytotoxicity and for the development of new therapeutic strategies.
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Gurunathan S, Qasim M, Park CH, Arsalan Iqbal M, Yoo H, Hwang JH, Uhm SJ, Song H, Park C, Choi Y, Kim JH, Hong K. Cytotoxicity and Transcriptomic Analyses of Biogenic Palladium Nanoparticles in Human Ovarian Cancer Cells (SKOV3). NANOMATERIALS 2019; 9:nano9050787. [PMID: 31121951 PMCID: PMC6566439 DOI: 10.3390/nano9050787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer incidence continues to increase at an alarming rate. Although various therapeutic approaches exist for ovarian cancer, they have limitations, including undesired side effects. Therefore, nanoparticle (NP)-mediated therapy may be a viable, biocompatible, and suitable alternative. To the best of our knowledge, no comprehensive analysis has been undertaken on the cytotoxicity and cellular pathways involved in ovarian cancer cells, particularly SKOV3 cells. Here, we investigated the effect of palladium NPs (PdNPs) and the molecular mechanisms and cellular pathways involved in ovarian cancer. We assayed cell viability, proliferation, cytotoxicity, oxidative stress, DNA damage, and apoptosis and performed an RNA-Seq analysis. The results showed that PdNPs elicited concentration-dependent decreases in cell viability and proliferation and induced increasing cytotoxicity at increasing concentrations, as determined by leakage of lactate dehydrogenase, increased levels of reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde, and decreased levels of antioxidants like glutathione and superoxide dismutase. Furthermore, our study revealed that PdNPs induce mitochondrial dysfunction by altering mitochondrial membrane potential, reducing adenosine triphosphate levels, inducing DNA damage, and activating caspase 3, all of which significantly induced apoptosis in SKOV3 cells following PdNPs treatment. Gene ontology (GO) term analysis of PdNPs-exposed SKOV3 cells showed various dysregulated pathways, particularly nucleosome assembly, telomere organization, and rDNA chromatin silencing. When genes downregulated by PdNPs were applied to GO term enrichment analysis, nucleosome assembly was the top-ranked biological pathway. We also provide evidence for an association between PdNPs exposure and multiple layers of epigenetic transcriptional control and establish a molecular basis for NP-mediated apoptosis. These findings provide a foundation, potential targets, and novel insights into the mechanism underlying toxicity and pathways in SKOV3 cells, and open new avenues to identify novel targets for ovarian cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangiliyandi Gurunathan
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology and Humanized Pig Center (SRC), Konkuk Institute of Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
| | - Muhammad Qasim
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology and Humanized Pig Center (SRC), Konkuk Institute of Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
| | - Chan Hyeok Park
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology and Humanized Pig Center (SRC), Konkuk Institute of Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
| | - Muhammad Arsalan Iqbal
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology and Humanized Pig Center (SRC), Konkuk Institute of Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
| | - Hyunjin Yoo
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology and Humanized Pig Center (SRC), Konkuk Institute of Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
| | - Jeong Ho Hwang
- Animal Model Research Group, Jeonbuk Department of Inhalation Research, Korea Institute of Toxicology, 30 Baekhak1-gil, Jeongeup, Jeollabuk-do 56212, Korea.
| | - Sang Jun Uhm
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Sangji Youngseo College, Wonju 26339, Korea.
| | - Hyuk Song
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology and Humanized Pig Center (SRC), Konkuk Institute of Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
| | - Chankyu Park
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology and Humanized Pig Center (SRC), Konkuk Institute of Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
| | - Youngsok Choi
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology and Humanized Pig Center (SRC), Konkuk Institute of Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
| | - Jin-Hoi Kim
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology and Humanized Pig Center (SRC), Konkuk Institute of Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
| | - Kwonho Hong
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology and Humanized Pig Center (SRC), Konkuk Institute of Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
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Gurunathan S, Jeyaraj M, Kang MH, Kim JH. The Effects of Apigenin-Biosynthesized Ultra-Small Platinum Nanoparticles on the Human Monocytic THP-1 Cell Line. Cells 2019; 8:E444. [PMID: 31083475 PMCID: PMC6562931 DOI: 10.3390/cells8050444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Generally, platinum nanoparticles (PtNPs) are considered non-toxic; however, toxicity depends on the size, dose, and physico-chemical properties of materials. Owing to unique physico-chemical properties, PtNPs have emerged as a material of interest for several biomedical applications, particularly therapeutics. The adverse effect of PtNPs on the human monocytic cell line (THP-1) is not well-established and remains elusive. Exposure to PtNPs may trigger oxidative stress and eventually lead to inflammation. To further understand the toxicological properties of PtNPs, we studied the effect of biologically synthesized ultra-small PtNPs on cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, and proinflammatory responses in the human monocytic cell line (THP-1). Our observations clearly indicated that PtNPs induce cytotoxicity in a dose-dependent manner by reducing cell viability and proliferation. The cytotoxicity of THP-1 cells correlated with an increase in the leakage of lactate dehydrogenase, generation of reactive oxygen species, and production of malondialdehyde, nitric oxide, and carbonylated proteins. The involvement of mitochondria in cytotoxicity and genotoxicity was confirmed by loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, lower ATP level, and upregulation of proapoptotic and downregulation of antiapoptotic genes. Decreases in the levels of antioxidants such as reduced glutathione (GSH), oxidized glutathione (GSH: GSSG), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and thioredoxin (TRX) were indicative of oxidative stress. Apoptosis was confirmed with the significant upregulation of key apoptosis-regulating genes. Oxidative DNA damage was confirmed by the increase in the levels of 8-oxodG and 8-oxoG and upregulation of DNA damage and repair genes. Finally, the proinflammatory responses to PtNPs was determined by assessing the levels of multiple cytokines such as interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, IL-8, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1). All the cytokines were significantly upregulated in a dose-dependent manner. Collectively, these observations suggest that THP-1 cells were vulnerable to biologically synthesized ultra-small PtNPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangiliyandi Gurunathan
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul -05029, Korea.
| | - Muniyandi Jeyaraj
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul -05029, Korea.
| | - Min-Hee Kang
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul -05029, Korea.
| | - Jin-Hoi Kim
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul -05029, Korea.
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Gurunathan S, Jeyaraj M, Kang MH, Kim JH. Graphene Oxide⁻Platinum Nanoparticle Nanocomposites: A Suitable Biocompatible Therapeutic Agent for Prostate Cancer. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:E733. [PMID: 31018506 PMCID: PMC6523086 DOI: 10.3390/polym11040733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 04/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Metal nanoparticles and the combination of metal nanoparticles with graphene oxide are widely used in environmental, agriculture, textile, and therapeutic applications. The effect of graphene oxide-green platinum nanoparticles (GO-PtNPs) on human prostate cancer cells (LNCaP) is unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to synthesize a nanocomposite of GO-PtNPs and evaluate their effect on prostate cancer cells. Herein, we synthesized GO-PtNPs using vanillin and characterized GO-PtNPs. GO-PtNP cytotoxicity in LNCaP cells was demonstrated by measuring cell viability and proliferation. Both decreased in a dose-dependent manner compared to that by GO or PtNPs alone. GO-PtNP cytotoxicity was confirmed by increased lactate dehydrogenase release and membrane integrity loss. Oxidative stress induced by GO-PtNPs increased malondialdehyde, nitric oxide, and protein carbonyl contents. The effective reactive oxygen species generation impaired the cellular redox balance and eventually impaired mitochondria by decreasing the membrane potential and ATP level. The cytotoxicity to LNCaP cells was correlated with increased expression of proapoptotic genes (p53, p21, Bax, Bak, caspase 9, and caspase 3) and decreased levels of antiapoptotic genes (Bcl2 and Bcl-xl). Activation of the key regulators p53 and p21 inhibited the cyclin-dependent kinases Cdk2 and Cdk4, suggesting that p53 and p21 activation in GO-PtNP-treated cells caused genotoxic stress and apoptosis. The increased expression of genes involved in cell cycle arrest and DNA damage and repair, and increased levels of 8-oxo-deoxyguanosine and 8-oxoguanine suggested that GO-PtNPs potentially induce oxidative damage to DNA. Thus, GO-PtNPs are both cytotoxic and genotoxic. LNCaP cells appear to be more susceptible to GO-PtNPs than to GO or PtNPs. Therefore, GO-PtNPs have potential as an alternate and effective cancer therapeutic agent. Finally, this work shows that the combination of graphene oxide with platinum nanoparticles opens new perspectives in cancer therapy. However further detailed mechanistic studies are required to elucidate the molecular mechanism of GO-PtNPs induced cytotoxicity in prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangiliyandi Gurunathan
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
| | - Muniyandi Jeyaraj
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
| | - Min-Hee Kang
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
| | - Jin-Hoi Kim
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
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Joshi K, Mazumder B, Chattopadhyay P, Bora NS, Goyary D, Karmakar S. Graphene Family of Nanomaterials: Reviewing Advanced Applications in Drug delivery and Medicine. Curr Drug Deliv 2019; 16:195-214. [DOI: 10.2174/1567201815666181031162208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Graphene in nano form has proven to be one of the most remarkable materials. It has a single
atom thick molecular structure and it possesses exceptional physical strength, electrical and electronic
properties. Applications of the Graphene Family of Nanomaterials (GFNs) in different fields of therapy
have emerged, including for targeted drug delivery in cancer, gene delivery, antimicrobial therapy, tissue
engineering and more recently in more diseases including HIV. This review seeks to analyze current
advances of potential applications of graphene and its family of nano-materials for drug delivery and
other major biomedical purposes. Moreover, safety and toxicity are the major roadblocks preventing the
use of GFNs in therapeutics. This review intends to analyze the safety and biocompatibility of GFNs
along with the discussion on the latest techniques developed for toxicity reduction and biocompatibility
enhancement of GFNs. This review seeks to evaluate how GFNs in future will serve as biocompatible
and useful biomaterials in therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bhaskar Mazumder
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, Assam, India
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Silver Nanoparticles Potentiates Cytotoxicity and Apoptotic Potential of Camptothecin in Human Cervical Cancer Cells. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:6121328. [PMID: 30647812 PMCID: PMC6311846 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6121328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are widely used metal nanoparticles in health care industries, particularly due to its unique physical, chemical, optical, and biological properties. It is used as an antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal, and anticancer agent. Camptothecin (CPT) and its derivatives function as inhibitors of topoisomerase and as potent anticancer agents against a variety of cancers. Nevertheless, the combined actions of CPT and AgNPs in apoptosis in human cervical cancer cells (HeLa) have not been elucidated. Hence, we investigated the synergistic combinatorial effect of CPT and AgNPs in human cervical cancer cells. We synthesized AgNPs using sinigrin as a reducing and stabilizing agent. The synthesized AgNPs were characterized using various analytical techniques. The anticancer effects of a combined treatment with CPT and AgNPs were evaluated using a series of cellular and biochemical assays. The expression of pro- and antiapoptotic genes was measured using real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. The findings from this study revealed that the combination of CPT and AgNPs treatment significantly inhibited cell viability and proliferation of HeLa cells. Moreover, the combination effect significantly increases the levels of oxidative stress markers and decreases antioxidative stress markers compared to single treatment. Further, the combined treatment upregulate various proapoptotic gene expression and downregulate antiapoptotic gene expression. Interestingly, the combined treatment modulates various cellular signaling molecules involved in cell survival, cytotoxicity, and apoptosis. Overall, these results suggest that CPT and AgNPs cause cell death by inducing the mitochondrial membrane permeability change and activation of caspase 9, 6, and 3. The synergistic cytotoxicity and apoptosis effect seems to be associated with increased ROS formation and depletion of antioxidant. Certainly, a combination of CPT and AgNPs could provide a beneficial effect in the treatment of cervical cancer compared with monotherapy.
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Gurunathan S, Qasim M, Park C, Yoo H, Choi DY, Song H, Park C, Kim JH, Hong K. Cytotoxicity and Transcriptomic Analysis of Silver Nanoparticles in Mouse Embryonic Fibroblast Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19113618. [PMID: 30453526 PMCID: PMC6275036 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 10/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The rapid development of nanotechnology has led to the use of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in biomedical applications, including antibacterial, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer therapies. The molecular mechanism of AgNPs-induced cytotoxicity has not been studied thoroughly using a combination of cellular assays and RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) analysis. In this study, we prepared AgNPs using myricetin, an anti-oxidant polyphenol, and studied their effects on NIH3T3 mouse embryonic fibroblasts as an in vitro model system to explore the potential biomedical applications of AgNPs. AgNPs induced loss of cell viability and cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner, as evident by increased leakage of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) from cells. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) were a potential source of cytotoxicity. AgNPs also incrementally increased oxidative stress and the level of malondialdehyde, depleted glutathione and superoxide dismutase, reduced mitochondrial membrane potential and adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and caused DNA damage by increasing the level of 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine and the expressions of the p53 and p21 genes in NIH3T3 cells. Thus, activation of oxidative stress may be crucial for NIH3T3 cytotoxicity. Interestingly, gene ontology (GO) term analysis revealed alterations in epigenetics-related biological processes including nucleosome assembly and DNA methylation due to AgNPs exposure. This study is the first demonstration that AgNPs can alter bulk histone gene expression. Therefore, our genome-scale study suggests that the apoptosis observed in NIH3T3 cells treated with AgNPs is mediated by the repression of genes required for cell survival and the aberrant enhancement of nucleosome assembly components to induce apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangiliyandi Gurunathan
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology and Humanized Pig Center (SRC), Konkuk Institute of Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
| | - Muhammad Qasim
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology and Humanized Pig Center (SRC), Konkuk Institute of Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
| | - Chanhyeok Park
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology and Humanized Pig Center (SRC), Konkuk Institute of Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
| | - Hyunjin Yoo
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology and Humanized Pig Center (SRC), Konkuk Institute of Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
| | - Dong Yoon Choi
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology and Humanized Pig Center (SRC), Konkuk Institute of Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
| | - Hyuk Song
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology and Humanized Pig Center (SRC), Konkuk Institute of Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
| | - Chankyu Park
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology and Humanized Pig Center (SRC), Konkuk Institute of Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
| | - Jin-Hoi Kim
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology and Humanized Pig Center (SRC), Konkuk Institute of Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
| | - Kwonho Hong
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology and Humanized Pig Center (SRC), Konkuk Institute of Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
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Gurunathan S, Kang MH, Qasim M, Kim JH. Nanoparticle-Mediated Combination Therapy: Two-in-One Approach for Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E3264. [PMID: 30347840 PMCID: PMC6214025 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19103264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer represents a group of heterogeneous diseases characterized by uncontrolledgrowth and spread of abnormal cells, ultimately leading to death. Nanomedicine plays a significantrole in the development of nanodrugs, nanodevices, drug delivery systems and nanocarriers. Someof the major issues in the treatment of cancer are multidrug resistance (MDR), narrow therapeuticwindow and undesired side effects of available anticancer drugs and the limitations of anticancerdrugs. Several nanosystems being utilized for detection, diagnosis and treatment such as theranosticcarriers, liposomes, carbon nanotubes, quantum dots, polymeric micelles, dendrimers and metallicnanoparticles. However, nonbiodegradable nanoparticles causes high tissue accumulation andleads to toxicity. MDR is considered a major impediment to cancer treatment due to metastatictumors that develop resistance to chemotherapy. MDR contributes to the failure of chemotherapiesin various cancers, including breast, ovarian, lung, gastrointestinal and hematological malignancies.Moreover, the therapeutic efficiency of anticancer drugs or nanoparticles (NPs) used alone is lessthan that of the combination of NPs and anticancer drugs. Combination therapy has long beenadopted as the standard first-line treatment of several malignancies to improve the clinical outcome.Combination therapy with anticancer drugs has been shown to generally induce synergistic drugactions and deter the onset of drug resistance. Therefore, this review is designed to report andanalyze the recent progress made to address combination therapy using NPs and anticancer drugs.We first provide a comprehensive overview of the angiogenesis and of the different types of NPscurrently used in treatments of cancer; those emphasized in this review are liposomes, polymericNPs, polymeric micelles (PMs), dendrimers, carbon NPs, nanodiamond (ND), fullerenes, carbonnanotubes (CNTs), graphene oxide (GO), GO nanocomposites and metallic NPs used forcombination therapy with various anticancer agents. Nanotechnology has provided the convenienttools for combination therapy. However, for clinical translation, we need continued improvementsin the field of nanotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangiliyandi Gurunathan
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
| | - Min-Hee Kang
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
| | - Muhammad Qasim
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
| | - Jin-Hoi Kim
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
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Parira T, Figueroa G, Granado S, Napuri J, Castillo-Chabeco B, Nair M, Agudelo M. Trichostatin A Shows Transient Protection from Chronic Alcohol-Induced Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Production in Human Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cells. JOURNAL OF ALCOHOLISM AND DRUG DEPENDENCE 2018; 6:316. [PMID: 30596124 PMCID: PMC6309403 DOI: 10.4172/2329-6488.1000316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to understand whether histone deacetylase (HDACs) inhibitor Trichostatin A or TSA can block and/or reverse chronic alcohol exposure-induced ROS in human monocyte-derived dendritic cells (MDDCs). Additionally, since nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) is a known regulator of antioxidant responses, we studied the effects of alcohol and TSA on ROS production and modulation of Nrf2 by MDDCs. METHODS Intra-cellular, extra-cellular, and total ROS levels were measured in MDDCs treated chronically with alcohol (0.1 and 0.2 % EtOH) using 2',7'-dichlorofluorescin diacetate (DCF-DA) followed by detection of ROS in microplate reader and imaging flow cytometer. Nrf2 expression was analyzed by qRT- PCR and western blot. In addition, NFE2L2 (Nrf2), class I HDAC genes HDAC1, HDAC2, and histone acetyltransferase genes KAT5 were analyzed in silico using the GeneMania prediction server. RESULTS Our results confirmed alcohol's ability to increase intracellular ROS levels in MDDCs within minutes of treatment. Our findings have also demonstrated, for the first time, that TSA has a transient protective effect on MDDCs treated chronically with alcohol since the ability of TSA to reduce intracellular ROS levels is only detected up to 15 minutes post-chronic alcohol treatment with no significant protective effects by 10 hours. In addition, chronic alcohol treatment was able to increase the expression of the antioxidant regulator Nrf2 in a dose dependent manner, and the effect of the higher amount of alcohol (0.2%) on Nrf2 gene expression was significantly enhanced by TSA. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that TSA has a transient protective effect against ROS induced by chronic alcohol exposure of human MDDCs and chronic long-term exposure of MDDCs with alcohol and TSA induces cellular toxicity. It also highlights imaging flow cytometry as a novel tool to detect intracellular ROS levels. Overall, the effect of TSA might be mediated through Nrf2; however, further studies are needed to fully understand the molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiyash Parira
- Department of Immunology and Nano-Medicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Gloria Figueroa
- Department of Immunology and Nano-Medicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Sherly Granado
- Department of Immunology and Nano-Medicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Jacqueline Napuri
- Department of Immunology and Nano-Medicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Boris Castillo-Chabeco
- Department of Immunology and Nano-Medicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Madhavan Nair
- Department of Immunology and Nano-Medicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Marisela Agudelo
- Department of Immunology and Nano-Medicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
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