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Bai Y, Liu F, Wan Y, Wu X, Luo S, Zhang L, Tang H, Li T, Tang X, Qin W, Gan W, Yang Y, Yin Z, Xie Y, Guo P. Network pharmacology combined with experimental validation reveals the mechanism of action of erpixing granules on functional dyspepsia. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 334:118553. [PMID: 38992401 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Functional dyspepsia (FD) is a prevalent gastrointestinal disorder characterised by high incidence and recurrence rates, posing significant health risks. Erpixing Granules (EPX), approved by the National Food and Drug Administration in 2002, are known for their spleen and stomach invigorating properties, effectively treating FD. However, its mechanism of action remains unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aims to elucidate EPX's mechanism of treating FD through network pharmacology, and experimental validation using FD animal models. METHODS In this study, the chemical composition of EPX in positive and negative ion modes was analyzed by UHPLC-Q-TOF MS. The mass spectral data were processed and analyzed using MS-DIAL software to automatically match compound fragment information and identify the known components with the compound database to obtain the active components of EPX. SwissTargetPrediction was used to obtain EPX targets, while FD-related targets were sourced from GeneCards, OMIM and DisGeNET databases. A protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed using the STRING platform, and potential signalling pathways of EPX were determined through Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis. Finally, an FD model was established in rates by administering a 0.1% iodoacetamide sucrose solution, followed by tail clamp stimulation to experimentally validate the network pharmacology findings. RESULTS Our results revealed 139 effective ingredients in EPX, targeting 60 core FD-related genes. PPI network analysis identified EGFR, CTNNB1 and NFκB1 as core target genes. The KEGG pathway analysis indicated that EPX can modulate FD progression through the PI3K/AKT signalling pathway. Animal experiments demonstrated EPX's capacity to increase body mass, food intake and food utilisation efficiency in FD rats, alongside increased gastric juice secretion, pepsin activity, trypsin activity, cholesterol, bile acid and bilirubin activity. HE examination revealed that EPX improved the inflammatory infiltration of gastric mucosal cells in rats. Furthermore, EPX also promoted gastric emptying and intestinal propulsion in mice. These results suggest that EPX improves spleen and stomach function, enhances the protective effect on the spleen and stomach and promotes food digestion and absorption. Immunofluorescence studies revealed upregulated expression of PI3K, AKT and ANO1 proteins in gastric tissue following EPX administration, while Western blotting indicated increased expression of SCF and C-kit proteins. CONCLUSION Suggesting EPX's anti-FD effect may involve the regulation of the SCF/C-kit signalling pathway and activation of downstream PI3K/AKT signalling pathway, thereby promoting gastrointestinal motility and improving FD symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanmei Bai
- College of Ethnic Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Yunnan, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Feifan Liu
- College of Ethnic Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Yunnan, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Yan Wan
- College of Ethnic Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Yunnan, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Xue Wu
- College of Chinese Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Yunnan, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Shifang Luo
- College of Ethnic Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Yunnan, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Linao Zhang
- College of Chinese Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Yunnan, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Hua Tang
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Yunnan, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Tao Li
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Yunnan, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Xianjin Tang
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Yunnan, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Wen Qin
- Guizhou Runsheng Pharmaceutical Co., LTD, Guizhou, 558000, China
| | - Wanling Gan
- Guizhou Runsheng Pharmaceutical Co., LTD, Guizhou, 558000, China
| | - Ying Yang
- Guizhou Runsheng Pharmaceutical Co., LTD, Guizhou, 558000, China
| | - Zili Yin
- College of Ethnic Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Yunnan, Kunming, 650500, China.
| | - Yuhuan Xie
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Yunnan, Kunming, 650500, China.
| | - Peixin Guo
- College of Ethnic Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Yunnan, Kunming, 650500, China.
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Yu F, Liu Z, Feng J, Man Y, Zhang H, Shi J, Pang X, Yu Y, Bi Y. Hyaluronic acid modified extracellular vesicles targeting hepatic stellate cells to attenuate hepatic fibrosis. Eur J Pharm Sci 2024; 198:106783. [PMID: 38703918 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2024.106783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
RATIONALE Transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-β1) plays a pivotal role in promoting hepatic fibrosis, pirfenidone (PFD) could inhibit TGF-β1 signaling pathway to alleviate hepatic stellate cells (HSC) activation mediated hepatic fibrosis. The targeting delivery strategy of PFD to hepatic stellate cells is a challenge. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), cell-derived membranous particles are intraluminal nano-vesicles that play a vital role in intercellular communication, they also be considered as an ideal nano-carrier. METHODS In this study, we developed a target strategy to deliver PFD to HSC with CD44 over-expression by EVs, hyaluronic acid (HA) modified DSPE-PEG2000 endows the active targeting ability of activated HSCs to PFD-loaded EVs. RESULTS In both rat hepatic stellate cell line HSC-T6 and rat hepatocyte cell line BRL, HA@EVs-PFD demonstrated the capacity to down-regulate the expression of collagen-synthesis-related proteins and showed superior inhibition efficacy of HSC-T6 activation compared to free PFD. In hepatic fibrosis model, 4 weeks of HA@EVs-PFD treatment resulted in a reduction in liver collagen fibers, significant improvement in hepatic cell morphology, and amelioration of hepatic fibrosis. CONCLUSIONS HA@EVs-PFD, as a drug delivery system that effectively targets and inhibits activated HSCs to treat hepatic fibrosis, holds promise as a potential therapeutic agent against hepatic fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Zongyu Liu
- Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Jie Feng
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Yuhong Man
- Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Huan Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Jingying Shi
- Peking University Shougang Hospital, Beijing 100144, China.
| | - Xiang Pang
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
| | - Yang Yu
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
| | - Ye Bi
- Practice Training Center, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China.
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3
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Wang H, Yang Y, Xu Y, Chen Y, Zhang W, Liu T, Chen G, Wang K. Phage-based delivery systems: engineering, applications, and challenges in nanomedicines. J Nanobiotechnology 2024; 22:365. [PMID: 38918839 PMCID: PMC11197292 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-024-02576-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Bacteriophages (phages) represent a unique category of viruses with a remarkable ability to selectively infect host bacteria, characterized by their assembly from proteins and nucleic acids. Leveraging their exceptional biological properties and modifiable characteristics, phages emerge as innovative, safe, and efficient delivery vectors. The potential drawbacks associated with conventional nanocarriers in the realms of drug and gene delivery include a lack of cell-specific targeting, cytotoxicity, and diminished in vivo transfection efficiency. In contrast, engineered phages, when employed as cargo delivery vectors, hold the promise to surmount these limitations and attain enhanced delivery efficacy. This review comprehensively outlines current strategies for the engineering of phages, delineates the principal types of phages utilized as nanocarriers in drug and gene delivery, and explores the application of phage-based delivery systems in disease therapy. Additionally, an incisive analysis is provided, critically examining the challenges confronted by phage-based delivery systems within the domain of nanotechnology. The primary objective of this article is to furnish a theoretical reference that contributes to the reasoned design and development of potent phage-based delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
- Qingdao Central Hospital, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences (Qingdao Central Medical Group), Qingdao, 266024, China
- School of Rehabilitation Sciences and Engineering, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, 266024, China
| | - Ying Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Yan Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Yi Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Wenjie Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Tianqing Liu
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, 2145, Australia.
| | - Gang Chen
- Qingdao Central Hospital, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences (Qingdao Central Medical Group), Qingdao, 266024, China.
- School of Rehabilitation Sciences and Engineering, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, 266024, China.
| | - Kaikai Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China.
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4
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Wang K, Chen H, Qin S, Chen S, Zhang Q, Chen J, Di D, Su G, Yuan Y. Co-delivery of pirfenidone and siRNA in ZIF-based nanoparticles for dual inhibition of hepatic stellate cell activation in liver fibrotic therapy. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2023; 231:113567. [PMID: 37797465 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2023.113567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Hepatic fibrosis, as a destructive liver disease, occurs due to activated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) producing excessive extracellular matrix deposition. If left untreated, it could further deteriorate into cirrhosis and hepatoma with high morbidity and mortality. Currently, to break the dilemma of poor targeting efficiency on HSCs and limited effect of monotherapy, it is urgent to explore a precise and efficient treatment against liver fibrosis. In the present work, a novel multifunctional nanoplatform based on vitamin A (VA) modified zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) nanoparticles was designed for co-delivery of chemical drug (Pirfenidone) and genetic drug (TGF-β1 siRNA) to achieve HSCs targeting mediated synergistic chemo-gene therapy against liver fibrosis. With the large specific surface area and acid-responsive degradation characteristics, ZIF-8 nanoparticles have great advantages to achieve high loading efficiency of Pirfenidone and enable acid-reactive drug release. After complexing siRNA, the prepared chemo-gene drug co-delivered nanocomplex (GP@ZIF-VL) proved excellent serum stability and effectively protected siRNA from degradation. Importantly, in vitro cell uptake and in vivo biodistribution demonstrated that VA functionalization markedly enhanced the delivery efficiency of GP@ZIF-VL nanocomplex into HSCs. As expected, GP@ZIF-VL significantly reduced extracellular matrix deposition and ameliorated hepatic fibrosis, as evidenced by decreased levels of liver enzymes in serum and a reduction in the hydroxyproline content in liver tissue. Therefore, GP@ZIF-VL nanocomplex displayed a bright future on the treatment of liver fibrosis with HSCs-targeting mediated chemo-gene synergetic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaili Wang
- Shenyang Key Laboratory of Functional Drug Carrier Materials, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Hao Chen
- Shenyang Key Laboratory of Functional Drug Carrier Materials, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Si Qin
- Shenyang Key Laboratory of Functional Drug Carrier Materials, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Shuhui Chen
- Shenyang Key Laboratory of Functional Drug Carrier Materials, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Shenyang Key Laboratory of Functional Drug Carrier Materials, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Jiali Chen
- Shenyang Key Laboratory of Functional Drug Carrier Materials, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Donghua Di
- Shenyang Key Laboratory of Functional Drug Carrier Materials, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Guangyue Su
- Shenyang Key Laboratory of Functional Drug Carrier Materials, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, PR China.
| | - Yue Yuan
- Shenyang Key Laboratory of Functional Drug Carrier Materials, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, PR China.
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5
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Zhao R, Liu J, Li Z, Zhang W, Wang F, Zhang B. Recent Advances in CXCL12/CXCR4 Antagonists and Nano-Based Drug Delivery Systems for Cancer Therapy. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14081541. [PMID: 35893797 PMCID: PMC9332179 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14081541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemokines can induce chemotactic cell migration by interacting with G protein-coupled receptors to play a significant regulatory role in the development of cancer. CXC chemokine-12 (CXCL12) can specifically bind to CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) and is closely associated with the progression of cancer via multiple signaling pathways. Over recent years, many CXCR4 antagonists have been tested in clinical trials; however, Plerixafor (AMD3100) is the only drug that has been approved for marketing thus far. In this review, we first summarize the mechanisms that mediate the physiological effects of the CXCL12/CXCR4 axis. Then, we describe the use of CXCL12/CXCR4 antagonists. Finally, we discuss the use of nano-based drug delivery systems that exert action on the CXCL12/CXCR4 biological axis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Feng Wang
- Correspondence: (F.W.); (B.Z.); Tel.: +86-536-8462490 (B.Z.)
| | - Bo Zhang
- Correspondence: (F.W.); (B.Z.); Tel.: +86-536-8462490 (B.Z.)
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6
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Shan L, Wang F, Zhai D, Meng X, Liu J, Lv X. New Drugs for Hepatic Fibrosis. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:874408. [PMID: 35770089 PMCID: PMC9234287 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.874408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The morbidity and mortality of hepatic fibrosis caused by various etiologies are high worldwide, and the trend is increasing annually. At present, there is no effective method to cure hepatic fibrosis except liver transplantation, and its serious complications threaten the health of patients and cause serious medical burdens. Additionally, there is no specific drug for the treatment of hepatic fibrosis, and many drugs with anti-hepatic fibrosis effects are in the research and development stage. Recently, remarkable progress has been made in the research and development of anti-hepatic fibrosis drugs targeting different targets. We searched websites such as PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Home-ClinicalTrials.gov and found approximately 120 drugs with anti-fibrosis properties, some of which are in phase Ⅱ or Ⅲ clinical trials. Additionally, although these drugs are effective against hepatic fibrosis in animal models, most clinical trials have shown poor results, mainly because animal models do not capture the complexity of human hepatic fibrosis. Besides, the effect of natural products on hepatic fibrosis has not been widely recognized at home and abroad. Furthermore, drugs targeting a single anti-hepatic fibrosis target are prone to adverse reactions. Therefore, currently, the treatment of hepatic fibrosis requires a combination of drugs that target multiple targets. Ten new drugs with potential for development against hepatic fibrosis were selected and highlighted in this mini-review, which provides a reference for clinical drug use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Shan
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second People's Hospital of Hefei, Hefei Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, China
- The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Hefei, China
| | - Fengling Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second People's Hospital of Hefei, Hefei Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Dandan Zhai
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second People's Hospital of Hefei, Hefei Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xiangyun Meng
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second People's Hospital of Hefei, Hefei Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Jianjun Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second People's Hospital of Hefei, Hefei Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- *Correspondence: Jianjun Liu, ; Xiongwen Lv,
| | - Xiongwen Lv
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, China
- The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Hefei, China
- *Correspondence: Jianjun Liu, ; Xiongwen Lv,
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7
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Ullah A, Chen G, Yibang Z, Hussain A, Shafiq M, Raza F, Liu D, Wang K, Cao J, Qi X. A new approach based on CXCR4-targeted combination liposomes for the treatment of liver fibrosis. Biomater Sci 2022; 10:2650-2664. [PMID: 35420075 DOI: 10.1039/d2bm00242f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Liver fibrosis results from excessive extracellular matrix accumulation due to injury and leads to cirrhosis, cancer, and death. Herein, we propose a chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4)-targeted combination (CTC) liposomal therapy to treat carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver fibrosis in a mouse model. This study aims to combine small molecules such as pirfenidone and AMD3100 in a single nanoplatform to investigate their synergistic antifibrotic effects in a setting of CCl4-induced liver fibrosis. CTC liposomes (CTC lipo) were prepared using the thin-film hydration method. CTC lipo exhibited a spherical shape, and the particle size was recorded at the nanoscale which confirms its appropriateness for in vitro and in vivo applications. CTC lipo had good storage and serum stability. The entrapped drugs in CTC lipo showed reduced toxicity at higher concentrations. CTC lipo displayed CXCR4 mediated cell uptake and were internalized by caveolae-mediated endocytosis. CTC lipo showed CXCR4 targeting and stromal cell-derived factor 1α (SDF1-α)/CXCR4 axis blocking activity. CTC lipo reduced the elevated serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), and hydroxyproline (HYP) levels. The histological studies showed improved liver architecture and reduced collagen deposition after treatment. Transforming growth factor β (TGFβ), alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), and collagen I were elevated by CCl4 in comparison with the Sham. Upon CTC liposomal treatment, the quantitative score for the elevated fibrotic proteins such as TGFβ, α-SMA, and collagen I was normalized. CTC lipo displayed significant downregulation of the upregulated TGFβ, α-SMA, collagen I, and P-p38 expressions at the molecular level. The CXCR4 targeted liposomes showed prolonged biodistribution at 24 h. Our findings indicated that CTC lipo might be an alternative antifibrotic therapy that may offer new access to research and development. In a nutshell, the present study suggests that systemic administration of CTC lipo has efficient antifibrotic potential and deserves to be investigated for further clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aftab Ullah
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China.
| | - Gang Chen
- Institute of Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhang Yibang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China.
| | - Abid Hussain
- School of Life Science, Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, Institute of Engineering Medicine, Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Muhammad Shafiq
- Department of Pharmacy, Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xinling Road, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Faisal Raza
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200240, Shanghai, China
| | - Daojun Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xinling Road, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Kaikai Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Jin Cao
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China.
| | - Xueyong Qi
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China.
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Abo El-Enin HA, Elkomy MH, Naguib IA, Ahmed MF, Alsaidan OA, Alsalahat I, Ghoneim MM, Eid HM. Lipid Nanocarriers Overlaid with Chitosan for Brain Delivery of Berberine via the Nasal Route. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15030281. [PMID: 35337079 PMCID: PMC8955068 DOI: 10.3390/ph15030281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
This research aimed to design, optimize, and evaluate berberine-laden nanostructured lipid carriers overlaid with chitosan (BER-CTS-NLCs) for efficient brain delivery via the intranasal route. The nanostructured lipid carriers containing berberine (BER-NLCs) were formulated via hot homogenization and ultrasonication strategy and optimized for the influence of a variety of causal variables, including the amount of glycerol monostearate (solid lipid), poloxamer 407 (surfactant) concentration, and oleic acid (liquid lipid) amount, on size of the particles, entrapment, and the total drug release after 24 h. The optimal BER-NLCs formulation was then coated with chitosan. Their diameter, in vitro release, surface charge, morphology, ex vivo permeability, pH, histological, and in vivo (pharmacokinetics and brain uptake) parameters were estimated. BER-CTS-NLCs had a size of 180.9 ± 4.3 nm, sustained-release properties, positive surface charge of 36.8 mV, and augmented ex-vivo permeation via nasal mucosa. The histopathological assessment revealed that the BER-CTS-NLCs system is safe for nasal delivery. Pharmacokinetic and brain accumulation experiments showed that animals treated intranasally with BER-CTS-NLCs had substantially greater drug levels in the brain. The ratios of BER brain/blood levels at 30 min, AUCbrain/AUCblood, drug transport percentage, and drug targeting efficiency for BER-CTS-NLCs (IN) were higher compared to BER solution (IN), suggesting enhanced brain targeting. The optimized nanoparticulate system is speculated to be a successful approach for boosting the effect of BER in treating CNS diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease, through intranasal therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadel A. Abo El-Enin
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohammed H. Elkomy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, P.O. Box 2014, Sakaka 72341, Saudi Arabia;
- Correspondence: (M.H.E.); (I.A.N.)
| | - Ibrahim A. Naguib
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia;
- Correspondence: (M.H.E.); (I.A.N.)
| | - Marwa F. Ahmed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Omar A. Alsaidan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, P.O. Box 2014, Sakaka 72341, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Izzeddin Alsalahat
- Complement Biology Group, Systems Immunity Research Institute, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XW, UK;
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Applied Science Private University, Amman 11931, Jordan
| | - Mohammed M. Ghoneim
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, AlMaarefa University, P.O. Box 71666, Ad Diriyah 13713, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Hussein M. Eid
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62521, Egypt;
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Wang S, Gao S, Li Y, Qian X, Luan J, Lv X. Emerging Importance of Chemokine Receptor CXCR4 and Its Ligand in Liver Disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:716842. [PMID: 34386499 PMCID: PMC8353181 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.716842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemokine receptors are members of the G protein-coupled receptor superfamily, which together with chemokine ligands form chemokine networks to regulate various cellular functions, immune and physiological processes. These receptors are closely related to cell movement and thus play a vital role in several physiological and pathological processes that require regulation of cell migration. CXCR4, one of the most intensively studied chemokine receptors, is involved in many functions in addition to immune cells recruitment and plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of liver disease. Aberrant CXCR4 expression pattern is related to the migration and movement of liver specific cells in liver disease through its cross-talk with a variety of significant cell signaling pathways. An in-depth understanding of CXCR4-mediated signaling pathway and its role in liver disease is critical to identifying potential therapeutic strategies. Current therapeutic strategies for liver disease mainly focus on regulating the key functions of specific cells in the liver, in which the CXCR4 pathway plays a crucial role. Multiple challenges remain to be overcome in order to more effectively target CXCR4 pathway and identify novel combination therapies with existing strategies. This review emphasizes the role of CXCR4 and its important cell signaling pathways in the pathogenesis of liver disease and summarizes the targeted therapeutic studies conducted to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China.,The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Institute for Liver Disease of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Songsen Gao
- Department of Orthopedics (Spinal Surgery), The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yueran Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Xueyi Qian
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Jiajie Luan
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Xiongwen Lv
- The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Institute for Liver Disease of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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Salunkhe SA, Chitkara D, Mahato RI, Mittal A. Lipid based nanocarriers for effective drug delivery and treatment of diabetes associated liver fibrosis. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 173:394-415. [PMID: 33831474 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a cluster of several liver diseases like hepatic steatosis, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFL), liver fibrosis, and cirrhosis which may eventually progress to liver carcinoma. One of the primary key factors associated with the development and pathogenesis of NAFLD is diabetes mellitus. The present review emphasizes on diabetes-associated development of liver fibrosis and its treatment using different lipid nanoparticles such as stable nucleic acid lipid nanoparticles, liposomes, solid lipid nanoparticles, nanostructured lipid carriers, self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery systems, and conjugates including phospholipid, fatty acid and steroid-based. We have comprehensively described the various pathological and molecular events linking effects of elevated free fatty acid levels, insulin resistance, and diabetes with the pathogenesis of liver fibrosis. Various passive and active targeting strategies explored for targeting hepatic stellate cells, a key target in liver fibrosis, have also been discussed in detail in this review.
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Khanam A, Saleeb PG, Kottilil S. Pathophysiology and Treatment Options for Hepatic Fibrosis: Can It Be Completely Cured? Cells 2021; 10:cells10051097. [PMID: 34064375 PMCID: PMC8147843 DOI: 10.3390/cells10051097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatic fibrosis is a dynamic process that occurs as a wound healing response against liver injury. During fibrosis, crosstalk between parenchymal and non-parenchymal cells, activation of different immune cells and signaling pathways, as well as a release of several inflammatory mediators take place, resulting in inflammation. Excessive inflammation drives hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation, which then encounters various morphological and functional changes before transforming into proliferative and extracellular matrix (ECM)-producing myofibroblasts. Finally, enormous ECM accumulation interferes with hepatic function and leads to liver failure. To overcome this condition, several therapeutic approaches have been developed to inhibit inflammatory responses, HSC proliferation and activation. Preclinical studies also suggest several targets for the development of anti-fibrotic therapies; however, very few advanced to clinical trials. The pathophysiology of hepatic fibrosis is extremely complex and requires comprehensive understanding to identify effective therapeutic targets; therefore, in this review, we focus on the various cellular and molecular mechanisms associated with the pathophysiology of hepatic fibrosis and discuss potential strategies to control or reverse the fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arshi Khanam
- Division of Clinical Care and Research, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA;
| | - Paul G. Saleeb
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA;
| | - Shyam Kottilil
- Division of Clinical Care and Research, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-410-706-4872
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Poelstra K. Innovative Nanotechnological Formulations to Reach the Hepatic Stellate Cell. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s43152-020-00004-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Purpose of Review
Treatment of liver fibrosis benefits from hepatic stellate cell (HSC)-specific delivery. Since the description of first carrier to HSC, many developments have taken place in this area. The purpose is to give an overview of the different carriers and homing moieties that are available for HSC targeting and illustrate the opportunities and hurdles they provide.
Recent Findings
There is a growing number of homing devices to deliver drugs to HSC, and options to deliver siRNA to HSC have emerged. Other developments include controlling corona formation, development of linker technology, and design of theranostic approaches. We are on the eve of reaching the clinic with innovative HSC-specific compounds.
Summary
An overview of different core molecules is presented together with an overview of targeting strategies toward different receptors on HSC, providing a versatile toolbox. Many therapeutics, ranging from small chemical entities and proteins to RNA- or DNA-modulating substances, have already been incorporated in these constructs in the recent years.
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Shen D, Zhu L, Liu Y, Peng Y, Lan M, Fang K, Guo Y. Efficacy evaluation and mechanism study on inhibition of breast cancer cell growth by multimodal targeted nanobubbles carrying AMD070 and ICG. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 31:245102. [PMID: 32155591 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab7e73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
To construct targeted nanobubbles carrying both small-molecule CXCR4 antagonist AMD070 and light-absorbing material indocyanine green (ICG), and to study their in vitro multimodal imaging, as well as their mechanism and efficacy of inhibition of breast cancer cell growth. Nanobubbles carrying AMD070 and ICG (ICG-TNBs) were constructed by carbodiimide reaction and mechanical oscillation. The physical characteristics and in vitro multimodal imaging were determined. The binding potential of ICG-TNBs to human breast cancer cells were observed by laser confocal microscopy. CCK-8 and flow cytometry were used to analyze the role of ICG-TNBs + US in inhibiting proliferation and inducing apoptosis of tumor cells. Flow cytometry and Western blotting are used to analyse the ROS generation and molecular mechanisms. ICG-TNBs had a particle size of 497.0 ± 29.2 nm and a Zeta potential of -8.05 ± 0.73 mV. In vitro multimodal imaging showed that the image signal intensity of ICG-TNBs increased with concentration. Targeted binding assay confirmed that ICG-TNBs could specifically bind to MCF-7 cells (CXCR4 positive), but not to MDA-MB-468 cells (CXCR4 negative). CCK-8 assay and flow cytometry analysis showed that ICG-TNBs + US could significantly inhibit the growth of MCF-7 breast cancer cells and promote their apoptosis. Flow cytometry and Western blotting showed that ICG-TNBs + US could significantly raise generation of ROS, reduce the expression of CXCR4, inhibit phosphorylation of Akt, and increase the expression of Caspase3 and Cleaved-caspase3. This indicated that ICG-TNBs could effectively inhibit and block the SDF-1/CXCR4 pathway, thus leading to the apoptosis of MCF-7 cells. ICG-TNBs can specifically bind to CXCR4 positive breast cancer cells, furthermore inhibit growth and promote apoptosis of breast cancer cells combined with ultrasonic irradiation by blocking the SDF-1/CXCR4 pathway. This study introduces a novel concept, method and mechanism for integration of targeted diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daijia Shen
- Department of Ultrasound, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), 30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing 400038, People's Republic of China
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Leitão MM, de Melo‐Diogo D, Alves CG, Lima‐Sousa R, Correia IJ. Prototypic Heptamethine Cyanine Incorporating Nanomaterials for Cancer Phototheragnostic. Adv Healthc Mater 2020; 9:e1901665. [PMID: 31994354 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201901665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Developing technologies that allow the simultaneous diagnosis and treatment of cancer (theragnostic) has been the quest of numerous interdisciplinary research teams. In this context, nanomaterials incorporating prototypic near infrared (NIR)-light responsive heptamethine cyanines have been showing very promising results for cancer theragnostic. The precisely engineered features of these nanomaterials endow them with the ability to achieve a high tumor accumulation, enabling a tumor's visualization by NIR fluorescence and photoacoustic imaging modalities. Upon interaction with NIR light, the tumor-homed heptamethine cyanine-incorporating nanomaterials can also produce a photothermal/photodynamic effect with a high spatio-temporal resolution and minimal side effects, leading to an improved therapeutic outcome. This progress report analyses the application of nanomaterials incorporating prototypic NIR-light responsive heptamethine cyanines (IR775, IR780, IR783, IR797, IR806, IR808, IR820, IR825, IRDye 800CW, and Cypate) for cancer photothermal therapy, photodynamic therapy, and imaging. Overall, the continuous development of nanomaterials incorporating the prototypic NIR absorbing heptamethine cyanines will cement their phototheragnostic capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel M. Leitão
- CICS‐UBI‐Centro de Investigação em Ciências da SaúdeUniversidade da Beira Interior 6200‐506 Covilhã Portugal
| | - Duarte de Melo‐Diogo
- CICS‐UBI‐Centro de Investigação em Ciências da SaúdeUniversidade da Beira Interior 6200‐506 Covilhã Portugal
| | - Cátia G. Alves
- CICS‐UBI‐Centro de Investigação em Ciências da SaúdeUniversidade da Beira Interior 6200‐506 Covilhã Portugal
| | - Rita Lima‐Sousa
- CICS‐UBI‐Centro de Investigação em Ciências da SaúdeUniversidade da Beira Interior 6200‐506 Covilhã Portugal
| | - Ilídio J. Correia
- CICS‐UBI‐Centro de Investigação em Ciências da SaúdeUniversidade da Beira Interior 6200‐506 Covilhã Portugal
- CIEPQPF‐Departamento de Engenharia QuímicaUniversidade de CoimbraRua Sílvio Lima 3030‐790 Coimbra Portugal
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