1
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Emzhik M, Qaribnejad A, Haeri A, Dadashzadeh S. Bile salt-enriched vs. non-enriched nanoparticles: comparison of their physicochemical characteristics and release pattern. Pharm Dev Technol 2024; 29:187-211. [PMID: 38369965 DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2024.2320279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Bile salts were first used in the preparation of nanoparticles due to their stabilizing effects. As time went by, they attracted much attention and were increasingly employed in fabricating nanoparticles. It is well accepted that the physicochemical properties of nanoparticles are influential factors in their permeation, distribution, elimination and degree of effectiveness as well as toxicity. The review of articles shows that the use of bile salts in the structure of nanocarriers may cause significant changes in their physicochemical properties. Hence, having information about the effect of bile salts on the properties of nanoparticles could be valuable in the design of optimal carriers. Herein, we review studies in which bile salts were used in preparing liposomes, niosomes and other nanocarriers. Furthermore, the effects of bile salts on entrapment efficiency, particle size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, release profile and stability of nanoparticles are pointed out. Finally, we debate how to take advantage of bile salts potential for preparing desirable nanocarriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjan Emzhik
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirsajad Qaribnejad
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azadeh Haeri
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Protein Technology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Simin Dadashzadeh
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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2
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Liu Y, Xu H, Yan N, Tang Z, Wang Q. Research progress of ophthalmic preparations of immunosuppressants. Drug Deliv 2023; 30:2175925. [PMID: 36762580 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2023.2175925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune ophthalmopathy is a collection of autoimmune eye diseases. Immunosuppressants are drugs that can inhibit the body's immune response. Considering drug side effects such as hepatorenal toxicity and the unique structure of the eye, incorporating immunosuppressants into ophthalmic nanodrug delivery systems, such as microparticles, nanoparticles, liposomes, micelles, implants, and in situ gels, has the advantages of improving solubility, increasing bioavailability, high eye-target specificity, and reducing side effects. This study reviews recent research and applications of this aspect to provide a reference for the development of an ophthalmic drug delivery system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310013, China
| | - Haonan Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310013, China
| | - Na Yan
- Department of Pharmacy, Jin Hua Municipal Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Jinhua, Zhejiang, 321000, China
| | - Zhan Tang
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310013, China.,Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Drug Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310013, China
| | - Qiao Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310013, China.,Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Drug Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310013, China
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3
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Kumar P, Mehta D, Bissler JJ. Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Modeling of Extracellular Vesicles. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1178. [PMID: 37759578 PMCID: PMC10525702 DOI: 10.3390/biology12091178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are lipid membrane bound-cell-derived structures that are a key player in intercellular communication and facilitate numerous cellular functions such as tumor growth, metastasis, immunosuppression, and angiogenesis. They can be used as a drug delivery platform because they can protect drugs from degradation and target specific cells or tissues. With the advancement in the technologies and methods in EV research, EV-therapeutics are one of the fast-growing domains in the human health sector. Therapeutic translation of EVs in clinics requires assessing the quality, safety, and efficacy of the EVs, in which pharmacokinetics is very crucial. We report here the application of physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling as a principal tool for the prediction of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of EVs. To create a PBPK model of EVs, researchers would need to gather data on the size, shape, and composition of the EVs, as well as the physiological processes that affect their behavior in the body. The PBPK model would then be used to predict the pharmacokinetics of drugs delivered via EVs, such as the rate at which the drug is absorbed and distributed throughout the body, the rate at which it is metabolized and eliminated, and the maximum concentration of the drug in the body. This information can be used to optimize the design of EV-based drug delivery systems, including the size and composition of the EVs, the route of administration, and the dose of the drug. There has not been any dedicated review article that describes the PBPK modeling of EV. This review provides an overview of the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) phenomena of EVs. In addition, we will briefly describe the different computer-based modeling approaches that may help in the future of EV-based therapeutic research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashant Kumar
- Division of Biochemical Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, United States Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA;
| | - Darshan Mehta
- Division of Biochemical Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, United States Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA;
| | - John J. Bissler
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatrics Nephrology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38103, USA;
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4
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Hydroxyethylcellulose-Based Hydrogels Containing Liposomes Functionalized with Cell-Penetrating Peptides for Nasal Delivery of Insulin in the Treatment of Diabetes. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14112492. [PMID: 36432681 PMCID: PMC9699037 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14112492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Liposomes functionalized with cell-penetrating peptides are a promising strategy to deliver insulin through the nasal route. A hydrogel based on hydroxyethylcellulose (HEC) aqueous solution was prepared, followed by a subsequent addition of liposomes containing insulin solution functionalized with trans-activator of transcription protein of HIV-1 (TAT) or Penetratin (PNT). The formulations were characterized for rheological behavior, mucoadhesion, syringeability, in vitro release and in vivo efficacy. Rheological tests revealed non-Newtonian fluids with pseudoplastic behavior, and the incorporation of liposomes (HLI, HLITAT and HLIPNT) in hydrogels did not alter the behavior original pseudoplastic characteristic of the HEC hydrogel. Pseudoplastic flow behavior is a desirable property for formulations intended for the administration of drugs via the nasal route. The results of syringeability and mucoadhesive strength from HEC hydrogels suggest a viable vehicle for nasal delivery. Comparing the insulin release profile, it is observed that HI was the system that released the greatest amount while the liposomal gel promoted greater drug retention, since the liposomal system provides an extra barrier for the release through the hydrogel. Additionally, it is observed that both peptides tested had an impact on the insulin release profile, promoting a slower release, due to complexation with insulin. The in vitro release kinetics of insulin from all formulations followed Weibull's mathematical model, reaching approximately 90% of release in the formulation prepared with HEC-based hydrogels. Serum insulin levels and the antihyperglycemic effects suggested that formulations HI and HLI have potential as carriers for insulin delivery by the nasal pathway, a profile not observed when insulin was administered by subcutaneous injection or by the nasal route in saline. Furthermore, formulations functionalized with TAT and PNT can be considered promoters of late and early absorption, respectively.
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5
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M Soliman S, Mosallam S, Mamdouh MA, Hussein MA, M Abd El-Halim S. Design and optimization of cranberry extract loaded bile salt augmented liposomes for targeting of MCP-1/STAT3/VEGF signaling pathway in DMN-intoxicated liver in rats. Drug Deliv 2022; 29:427-439. [PMID: 35098843 PMCID: PMC8812757 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2022.2032875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cranberry extract (CBE) is a major source of the antioxidant polyphenolics but suffers from limited bioavailability. The goal of this research was to encapsulate the nutraceutical (CBE), into bile salt augmented liposomes (BSALs) as a promising oral delivery system to potentiate its hepatoprotective impact against dimethylnitrosamine (DMN) induced liver injury in rats. The inclusion of bile salt in the liposomal structure can enhance their stability within the gastrointestinal tract and promote CBE permeability. CBE loaded BSALs formulations were fabricated utilizing a (23) factorial design to explore the impact of phospholipid type (X1), phospholipid amount (X2), and sodium glycocholate (SGC) amount (X3) on BSALs properties, namely; entrapment efficiency percent, (EE%); vesicle size, (VS); polydispersity index; (PDI); zeta potential, (ZP); and release efficiency percent, (RE%). The optimum formulation (F1) exhibited spherical vesicles with EE% of 71.27 ± 0.32%, VS; 148.60 ± 6.46 nm, PDI; 0.38 ± 0.02, ZP; −18.27 ± 0.67 mV and RE%; 61.96 ± 1.07%. Compared to CBE solution, F1 had attenuated DMN-induced hepatic injury, as evidenced by the significant decrease in serum level of ALT, AST, ALP, MDA, and elevation of GSH level, as well as SOD and GPX activities. Furthermore, F1 exhibited an anti-inflammatory character by suppressing TNF-α, MCP-1, and IL-6, as well as downregulation of VEGF-C, STAT-3, and IFN-γ mRNA levels. This study verified that when CBE was integrated into BSALs, F1, its hepatoprotective effect was significantly potentiated to protect the liver against DMN-induced damage. Therefore, F1 could be deliberated as an antioxidant, antiproliferative, and antifibrotic therapy to slow down the progression of hepatic damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara M Soliman
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, October 6 University, 6th of October City, Giza, 12585, Egypt
| | - Shaimaa Mosallam
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, October 6 University, 6th of October City, Giza, 12585, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Mamdouh
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, October 6 University, 6th of October City, Giza, 12585, Egypt
| | - Mohammed Abdalla Hussein
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, October 6 University, 6th of October City, Giza, 12585, Egypt
| | - Shady M Abd El-Halim
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, October 6 University, 6th of October City, Giza, 12585, Egypt
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6
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Primavera R, Bellotti E, Di Mascolo D, Di Francesco M, Wang J, Kevadiya BD, De Pascale A, Thakor AS, Decuzzi P. Insulin Granule-Loaded MicroPlates for Modulating Blood Glucose Levels in Type-1 Diabetes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:53618-53629. [PMID: 34751556 PMCID: PMC8603355 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c16768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Type-1 diabetes (T1DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder resulting from the autoimmune destruction of β cells. The current standard of care requires multiple, daily injections of insulin and accurate monitoring of blood glucose levels (BGLs); in some cases, this results in diminished patient compliance and increased risk of hypoglycemia. Herein, we engineered hierarchically structured particles comprising a poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA) prismatic matrix, with a 20 × 20 μm base, encapsulating 200 nm insulin granules. Five configurations of these insulin-microPlates (INS-μPLs) were realized with different heights (5, 10, and 20 μm) and PLGA contents (10, 40, and, 60 mg). After detailed physicochemical and biopharmacological characterizations, the tissue-compliant 10H INS-μPL, realized with 10 mg of PLGA, presented the most effective release profile with ∼50% of the loaded insulin delivered at 4 weeks. In diabetic mice, a single 10H INS-μPL intraperitoneal deposition reduced BGLs to that of healthy mice within 1 h post-implantation (167.4 ± 49.0 vs 140.0 ± 9.2 mg/dL, respectively) and supported normoglycemic conditions for about 2 weeks. Furthermore, following the glucose challenge, diabetic mice implanted with 10H INS-μPL successfully regained glycemic control with a significant reduction in AUC0-120min (799.9 ± 134.83 vs 2234.60 ± 82.72 mg/dL) and increased insulin levels at 7 days post-implantation (1.14 ± 0.11 vs 0.38 ± 0.02 ng/mL), as compared to untreated diabetic mice. Collectively, these results demonstrate that INS-μPLs are a promising platform for the treatment of T1DM to be further optimized with the integration of smart glucose sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosita Primavera
- Laboratory
of Nanotechnology for Precision Medicine, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, Genoa 16163, Italy
- Interventional
Regenerative Medicine and Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California 94304, United States
| | - Elena Bellotti
- Laboratory
of Nanotechnology for Precision Medicine, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, Genoa 16163, Italy
| | - Daniele Di Mascolo
- Laboratory
of Nanotechnology for Precision Medicine, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, Genoa 16163, Italy
| | - Martina Di Francesco
- Laboratory
of Nanotechnology for Precision Medicine, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, Genoa 16163, Italy
| | - Jing Wang
- Interventional
Regenerative Medicine and Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California 94304, United States
| | - Bhavesh D. Kevadiya
- Interventional
Regenerative Medicine and Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California 94304, United States
| | - Angelo De Pascale
- Unit
of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine & Medical Specialist
(DIMI), University of Genoa, 16136 Genoa, Italy
| | - Avnesh S. Thakor
- Interventional
Regenerative Medicine and Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California 94304, United States
| | - Paolo Decuzzi
- Laboratory
of Nanotechnology for Precision Medicine, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, Genoa 16163, Italy
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7
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Morita A, Ouchi M, Satoh K, Kobayashi S, Terada M, Wakashin H, Kon H, Hayashi K, Anzai N, Shimizu A, Sugihara H, Oba K, Fujita T. The Effects of Trypsin Inhibitor on Insulin Secretion Using Rat Pancreas in an Organ Bath. In Vivo 2021; 35:2551-2558. [PMID: 34410942 PMCID: PMC8408692 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.12537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM We developed an experimental method to reproduce insulin secretion from isolated rat pancreas preparations using an organ bath system. However, secretion of trypsin, another pancreatic enzyme, interferes with insulin production in such systems. We aimed to ascertain the minimum trypsin inhibitor (TI), dose for obtaining a sustained, stable rate of insulin secretion. MATERIALS AND METHODS The action of TI (1-10 μg/ml) on pancreatic preparations of male Wistar-Imamichi rats in organ bath experiments was assessed by measuring insulin, amylase, and trypsin activity. RESULTS The level of insulin outflow remained steady in the TI-treated samples, in contrast to that in the untreated control, where insulin secretion decreased over time. The level of amylase outflow did not change significantly. Trypsin activity was significantly lower in the TI-treated samples than in the control. CONCLUSION Even low concentrations of TI can maintain insulin secretion by inhibiting trypsin activity in organ bath experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asuka Morita
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Motoshi Ouchi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Tochigi, Japan;
| | - Keitaro Satoh
- Department of Pharmacology, Meikai University School of Dentistry, Saitama, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Kobayashi
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Misao Terada
- Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Hidefumi Wakashin
- Department of Regulatory Physiology, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Hiroe Kon
- Research Center for Laboratory Animals, Dokkyo Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Keitaro Hayashi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Naohiko Anzai
- Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Tochigi, Japan
- Department of Pharmacology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Akira Shimizu
- Department of Analytic Human Pathology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Sugihara
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenzo Oba
- Kawaguchi Sakura Clinic, Saitama, Japan
| | - Tomoe Fujita
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Tochigi, Japan
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8
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Zhu Q, Chen Z, Paul PK, Lu Y, Wu W, Qi J. Oral delivery of proteins and peptides: Challenges, status quo and future perspectives. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 11:2416-2448. [PMID: 34522593 PMCID: PMC8424290 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteins and peptides (PPs) have gradually become more attractive therapeutic molecules than small molecular drugs due to their high selectivity and efficacy, but fewer side effects. Owing to the poor stability and limited permeability through gastrointestinal (GI) tract and epithelia, the therapeutic PPs are usually administered by parenteral route. Given the big demand for oral administration in clinical use, a variety of researches focused on developing new technologies to overcome GI barriers of PPs, such as enteric coating, enzyme inhibitors, permeation enhancers, nanoparticles, as well as intestinal microdevices. Some new technologies have been developed under clinical trials and even on the market. This review summarizes the history, the physiological barriers and the overcoming approaches, current clinical and preclinical technologies, and future prospects of oral delivery of PPs.
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Key Words
- ASBT, apical sodium-dependent bile acid transporter
- BSA, bovine serum albumin
- CAGR, compound annual growth
- CD, Crohn's disease
- COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
- CPP, cell penetrating peptide
- CaP, calcium phosphate
- Clinical
- DCs, dendritic cells
- DDVAP, desmopressin acetate
- DTPA, diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid
- EDTA, ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid
- EPD, empirical phase diagrams
- EPR, electron paramagnetic resonance
- Enzyme inhibitor
- FA, folic acid
- FDA, U.S. Food and Drug Administration
- FcRn, Fc receptor
- GALT, gut-associated lymphoid tissue
- GI, gastrointestinal
- GIPET, gastrointestinal permeation enhancement technology
- GLP-1, glucagon-like peptide 1
- GRAS, generally recognized as safe
- HBsAg, hepatitis B surface antigen
- HPMCP, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose phthalate
- IBD, inflammatory bowel disease
- ILs, ionic liquids
- LBNs, lipid-based nanoparticles
- LMWP, low molecular weight protamine
- MCT-1, monocarborxylate transporter 1
- MSNs, mesoporous silica nanoparticles
- NAC, N-acetyl-l-cysteine
- NLCs, nanostructured lipid carriers
- Oral delivery
- PAA, polyacrylic acid
- PBPK, physiologically based pharmacokinetics
- PCA, principal component analysis
- PCL, polycarprolacton
- PGA, poly-γ-glutamic acid
- PLA, poly(latic acid)
- PLGA, poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)
- PPs, proteins and peptides
- PVA, poly vinyl alcohol
- Peptides
- Permeation enhancer
- Proteins
- RGD, Arg-Gly-Asp
- RTILs, room temperature ionic liquids
- SAR, structure–activity relationship
- SDC, sodium deoxycholate
- SGC, sodium glycocholate
- SGF, simulated gastric fluids
- SIF, simulated intestinal fluids
- SLNs, solid lipid nanoparticles
- SNAC, sodium N-[8-(2-hydroxybenzoyl)amino]caprylate
- SNEDDS, self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery systems
- STC, sodium taurocholate
- Stability
- TAT, trans-activating transcriptional peptide
- TMC, N-trimethyl chitosan
- Tf, transferrin
- TfR, transferrin receptors
- UC, ulcerative colitis
- UEA1, ulex europaeus agglutinin 1
- VB12, vitamin B12
- WGA, wheat germ agglutinin
- pHPMA, N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide
- pI, isoelectric point
- sCT, salmon calcitonin
- sc, subcutaneous
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Affiliation(s)
- Quangang Zhu
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200443, China
| | - Zhongjian Chen
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200443, China
| | - Pijush Kumar Paul
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200443, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Gono Bishwabidyalay (University), Mirzanagar Savar, Dhaka 1344, Bangladesh
| | - Yi Lu
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200443, China
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery of MOE, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200443, China
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery of MOE, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jianping Qi
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200443, China
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery of MOE, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
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9
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Bashyal S, Seo JE, Keum T, Noh G, Lamichhane S, Lee S. Development, Characterization, and Ex Vivo Assessment of Elastic Liposomes for Enhancing the Buccal Delivery of Insulin. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13040565. [PMID: 33923670 PMCID: PMC8073108 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13040565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Buccal drug delivery is a suitable alternative to invasive routes of drug administration. The buccal administration of insulin for the management of diabetes has received substantial attention worldwide. The main aim of this study was to develop and characterize elastic liposomes and assess their permeability across porcine buccal tissues. Sodium-cholate-incorporated elastic liposomes (SC-EL) and sodium-glycodeoxycholate-incorporated elastic liposomes (SGDC-EL) were prepared using the thin-film hydration method. The prepared liposomes were characterized and their ex vivo permeability attributes were investigated. The distribution of the SC-EL and SGDC-EL across porcine buccal tissues was evaluated using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). The SGDC-EL were the most superior nanocarriers since they significantly enhanced the permeation of insulin across porcine buccal tissues, displaying a 4.33-fold increase in the permeability coefficient compared with the insulin solution. Compared with the SC-EL, the SGDC-EL were better at facilitating insulin permeability, with a 3.70-fold increase in the permeability coefficient across porcine buccal tissue. These findings were further corroborated based on bioimaging analysis using CLSM. SGDC-ELs showed the greatest fluorescence intensity in buccal tissues, as evidenced by the greater shift of fluorescence intensity toward the inner buccal tissue over time. The fluorescence intensity ranked as follows: SGDC-EL > SC-EL > FITC–insulin solution. Conclusively, this study highlighted the potential nanocarriers for enhancing the buccal permeability of insulin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh Bashyal
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, 1095 Dalgubeol-daero, Dalseo-gu, Daegu 42601, Korea; (S.B.); (J.-E.S.); (T.K.); (G.N.); (S.L.)
- Center for Forensic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Keimyung University, 1095 Dalgubeol-daero, Dalseo-gu, Daegu 42601, Korea
| | - Jo-Eun Seo
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, 1095 Dalgubeol-daero, Dalseo-gu, Daegu 42601, Korea; (S.B.); (J.-E.S.); (T.K.); (G.N.); (S.L.)
| | - Taekwang Keum
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, 1095 Dalgubeol-daero, Dalseo-gu, Daegu 42601, Korea; (S.B.); (J.-E.S.); (T.K.); (G.N.); (S.L.)
- Center for Forensic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Keimyung University, 1095 Dalgubeol-daero, Dalseo-gu, Daegu 42601, Korea
| | - Gyubin Noh
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, 1095 Dalgubeol-daero, Dalseo-gu, Daegu 42601, Korea; (S.B.); (J.-E.S.); (T.K.); (G.N.); (S.L.)
- Center for Forensic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Keimyung University, 1095 Dalgubeol-daero, Dalseo-gu, Daegu 42601, Korea
| | - Shrawani Lamichhane
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, 1095 Dalgubeol-daero, Dalseo-gu, Daegu 42601, Korea; (S.B.); (J.-E.S.); (T.K.); (G.N.); (S.L.)
- Center for Forensic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Keimyung University, 1095 Dalgubeol-daero, Dalseo-gu, Daegu 42601, Korea
| | - Sangkil Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, 1095 Dalgubeol-daero, Dalseo-gu, Daegu 42601, Korea; (S.B.); (J.-E.S.); (T.K.); (G.N.); (S.L.)
- Center for Forensic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Keimyung University, 1095 Dalgubeol-daero, Dalseo-gu, Daegu 42601, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-53-580-6655; Fax: +82-53-580-5164
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10
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Pandya AK, Patravale VB. Computational avenues in oral protein and peptide therapeutics. Drug Discov Today 2021; 26:1510-1520. [PMID: 33684525 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2021.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Proteins and peptides are amongst the most sought-after biomolecules because of their exceptional potential to cater to a vast range of diseases. Although widely studied and researched, the oral delivery of these biomolecules remains a challenge. Alongside formulation strategies, approaches to overcome the inherent barriers for peptide absorption are being designed at the molecular level to establish a sound rationale and to achieve higher bioavailability. Computer-aided drug design (CADD) is a modern in silico approach for developing successful bio-formulations. CADD enables intricate study of the biomolecules in conjunction with their target sites or receptors at the molecular level. Knowledge of the molecular interactions of proteins and peptides makes way for the pre-screening of suitable formulation components and facilitates their delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjali K Pandya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai, 400019, India
| | - Vandana B Patravale
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai, 400019, India.
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11
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Self-assembled phospholipid-based mixed micelles for improving the solubility, bioavailability and anticancer activity of lenvatinib. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2021; 201:111644. [PMID: 33639512 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2021.111644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The clinical efficacy of lenvatinib (LFT) is limited by its poor aqueous solubility and low bioavailability. In this work, LFT-loaded soy phospholipid and sodium glycocholate mixed micelles (LFT-MMs) were prepared through classical co-precipitation. And it was served as an oral administration to address these shortcomings. The preparation conditions were optimized by single-factor experiments. The mass ratio of PC, SGC and LFT, and the species of dispersing media were proved to be decisive factors in controlling the properties of LFT-MMs. The optimal LFT-MMs presented prominent enhancement (500-fold) in LFT solubility, high encapsulation efficiency (87.6 %) as well as suitable stability (>1 month at 4 °C). The biocompatibility of LFT-MMs was estimated by in vitro serum stability measurement and hemolysis test. It showed that serum proteins hardly adhered to the surface of LFT-MMs, and insignificant hemolytic rate (<0.5 %) was observed at the micelles concentration below 1 mg/mL. Cytotoxicity test (MTT assay) was carried out to judge the in vitro antitumor activity. LFT-MMs showed an enhanced inhibitory activity against two main kinds of differentiated thyroid cancer cells over LFT and LFT Mesylate. To estimate the in vivo oral bioavailability of LFT-MMs, SD rats were used as animal model. Notably, the relative bioavailability of LFT-MMs compared with the original form of LFT was 176.7 %. These superior characteristics indicated that the mixed micelles are promising water-soluble formulations suitable for LFT oral delivery.
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Mosallam S, Sheta NM, Elshafeey AH, Abdelbary AA. Fabrication of Highly Deformable Bilosomes for Enhancing the Topical Delivery of Terconazole: In Vitro Characterization, Microbiological Evaluation, and In Vivo Skin Deposition Study. AAPS PharmSciTech 2021; 22:74. [PMID: 33586022 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-021-01924-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The current study aimed to load terconazole (TCZ), an antifungal agent with low permeability characteristics, into highly deformable bilosomes (HBs) for augmenting its topical delivery. HBs contain edge activator in addition to the constituents of traditional bilosomes (Span 60, cholesterol, and bile salts). More elasticity is provided to the membrane of vesicles by the existence of edge activator and is expected to increase the topical permeation of TCZ. HBs were formulated using ethanol injection technique based on 24 complete factorial design to inspect the impact of various formulation variables (bile salt type and amount, edge activator type, and sonication time) on HBs characteristics (entrapment efficiency percent (EE%), particle size (PS), polydispersity index (PDI), and zeta potential (ZP)). The optimum formula (HB14) was decided based on Design-Expert® software and was utilized for further explorations. HB14 exhibited EE% = 84.25 ± 0.49%, PS = 400.10 ± 1.69 nm, PDI = 0.23 ± 0.01, and ZP = - 56.20 ± 0.00 mV. HB14 showed spherical vesicles with higher deformability index (9.94 ± 1.91 g) compared to traditional bilosomal formula (3.49 ± 0.49 g). Furthermore, HB14 showed superior inhibition of Candida albicans growth relative to TCZ suspension using XTT (2,3-bis(2-methyloxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium-5-carboxanilide) reduction assay. Moreover, in vivo skin deposition studies revealed superior TCZ deposition inside the skin from HB14 compared to traditional bilosomal formula and TCZ suspension. Moreover, histopathological examination in rats assured the safety of HB14 for topical use. Concisely, the obtained outcomes confirmed the pronounced efficacy of HBs for topical delivery of TCZ.
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Abstract
Lipid-based nanocarriers have gained much interest as carriers of drugs with poor oral bioavailability because of their remarkable advantages like low toxicity, affordable scale-up manufacture, strong biocompatibility or high drug loading efficiency. The potential of these nanocarriers lies in their ability to improve the gastrointestinal stability, solubility and permeability of their cargo drugs. However, achieving efficient oral drug delivery through lipid-based nanocarriers is a challenging task, since they encounter multiple physicochemical barriers along the gastrointestinal tract, e.g. the gastric acidic content, the intestinal mucus layer or the enzymatic degradation, that they must surmount to reach their target. These limitations may be turned into opportunities through a rational design of lipid-based nanocarriers. For that purpose, this review focuses on the main challenges of the oral route indicating the strategies undertaken for lipid-based nanocarriers in order to overcome them. Understanding their shortcomings and identifying their strengths will determine the future clinical success of lipid-based nanocarriers.
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14
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Ahmed S, Kassem MA, Sayed S. Bilosomes as Promising Nanovesicular Carriers for Improved Transdermal Delivery: Construction, in vitro Optimization, ex vivo Permeation and in vivo Evaluation. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:9783-9798. [PMID: 33324052 PMCID: PMC7733410 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s278688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The goal of this research was to enhance the transdermal delivery of lornoxicam (LX), using nanovesicular carriers composed of the bile salt sodium deoxycholate (SDC), soybean phosphatidyl choline (SPC) and a permeation enhancer limonene. Methods Thin-film hydration was the technique employed for the fabrication using a Box–Behnken design with three central points. The investigated factors were SPC molar concentration, SDC amount in mg and limonene percentage (%). The studied responses were percent entrapment efficiency (%EE), particle size (PS), polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential (ZP), and in vitro drug release (after 2, 10 h). In order to obtain the optimum formula, numerical optimization by Design-Expert® software was used. Electing the optimized bilosomal formula was based on boosting %EE, ZP (as absolute value) and in vitro drug release, taking in consideration diminishing PS and PDI. Further assessment of the selected formula was achieved by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), stability testing, ex vivo skin permeation and deposition. The in vivo pharmacodynamics activities of the optimized formula were examined on male rats and mice and compared to that of the oral market product. Results The optimized bilosomal formula demonstrated to be nonirritant, with noticeably enhanced anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activities. Superior in vivo permeation was proved by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Conclusion The outcomes demonstrated that bilosomes could improve transdermal delivery of lornoxicam. ![]()
Point your SmartPhone at the code above. If you have a QR code reader the video abstract will appear. Or use: https://youtu.be/G8p7XhM43Og
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadek Ahmed
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Aly Kassem
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sinar Sayed
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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15
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Economic Analysis of a New Business for Liposome Manufacturing Using a High-Pressure System. Processes (Basel) 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/pr8121604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Supercritical assisted Liposome formation (SuperLip) is a lab-scale process for the production of liposomes. SuperLip was recognized as being a versatile supercritical assisted technique for the encapsulation of molecules for different industrial applications, such as pharmaceutic, cosmetic, textile, and nutraceutic purposes. The aim of this work was to perform an economic analysis to assess the profitability of the SuperLip process. The liposomes market was analyzed and the SuperLip process was compared to other techniques in terms of manufacturing advantages using the Canvas and Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Treats (S.W.O.T.) models. SuperLip Plant Capital Expenditures (CAPEX) were estimated, and plant Operating Expenditures (OPEX) were also evaluated and integrated with personnel cost and other plant goods and services. A profit and loss statement was generated, together with a cash flow analysis. According to the market average selling price, liposome price is 1.8 €/mL; in order to join the market rapidly, the selling price of liposomes produced using SuperLip was set at 1.1 €/mL. A payback time has been identified at the fourth year of business. Economic indexes such as ROI and ROS were calculated on a 10-year business prospect, obtaining about a 230% return on investment and a 26.7% return on sales.
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An Underestimated Factor: The Extent of Cross-Reactions Modifying APIs in Surface-Modified Liposomal Preparations Caused by Comprised Activated Lipids. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25194436. [PMID: 32992540 PMCID: PMC7582356 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25194436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the nowadays available plentitude of strategies to selectively introduce functional surface modification of liposomes, in preclinical research this process is still primarily performed after liposomal preparation utilizing comprised activated phospholipids with functionalized head groups. However, because these activated lipids are present during the liposomal preparation process, they can cross-react with incorporated drugs, especially the particularly often utilized active esters and maleimide groups. Macromolecular drugs, being composed of amino acids, are particularly prone to such cross-reactions due to their often multiple reactive functionalities such as amino and disulfide groups. To demonstrate this impact on the formulation in liposomal surface modification, we assessed the extent of cross-reaction during the liposomal preparation of two activated phospholipids with typically used head group functionalized phospholipids, with the two peptide drugs vancomycin and insulin comprising disulfide and amino functionalities. Both drugs revealed a considerable fraction of covalent modification (estimated 2 to 12%) generated during the liposome preparation process with comprised activated lipids. Modification of the active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) was determined by high-resolution mass spectrometric analysis. These findings clearly demonstrate the non-negligibility of potential cross reactions using the post preparation liposomal surface modification strategy in preclinical research.
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17
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Micro and nanoscale technologies in oral drug delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2020; 157:37-62. [PMID: 32707147 PMCID: PMC7374157 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2020.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Oral administration is a pillar of the pharmaceutical industry and yet it remains challenging to administer hydrophilic therapeutics by the oral route. Smart and controlled oral drug delivery could bypass the physiological barriers that limit the oral delivery of these therapeutics. Micro- and nanoscale technologies, with an unprecedented ability to create, control, and measure micro- or nanoenvironments, have found tremendous applications in biology and medicine. In particular, significant advances have been made in using these technologies for oral drug delivery. In this review, we briefly describe biological barriers to oral drug delivery and micro and nanoscale fabrication technologies. Micro and nanoscale drug carriers fabricated using these technologies, including bioadhesives, microparticles, micropatches, and nanoparticles, are described. Other applications of micro and nanoscale technologies are discussed, including fabrication of devices and tissue engineering models to precisely control or assess oral drug delivery in vivo and in vitro, respectively. Strategies to advance translation of micro and nanotechnologies into clinical trials for oral drug delivery are mentioned. Finally, challenges and future prospects on further integration of micro and nanoscale technologies with oral drug delivery systems are highlighted.
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18
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Han Y, Gao Z, Chen L, Kang L, Huang W, Jin M, Wang Q, Bae YH. Multifunctional oral delivery systems for enhanced bioavailability of therapeutic peptides/proteins. Acta Pharm Sin B 2019; 9:902-922. [PMID: 31649842 PMCID: PMC6804447 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2019.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 10/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In last few years, therapeutic peptides/proteins are rapidly growing in drug market considering their higher efficiency and lower toxicity than chemical drugs. However, the administration of therapeutic peptides/proteins is mainly limited in parenteral approach. Oral therapy which was hampered by harsh gastrointestinal environment and poorly penetrating epithelial barriers often results in low bioavailability (less than 1%-2%). Therefore, delivery systems that are rationally designed to overcome these challenges in gastrointestinal tract and ameliorate the oral bioavailability of therapeutic peptides/proteins are seriously promising. In this review, we summarized various multifunctional delivery systems, including lipid-based particles, polysaccharide-based particles, inorganic particles, and synthetic multifunctional particles that achieved effective oral delivery of therapeutic peptides/proteins.
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Lauriello M, Di Rubbo V, Sinatti G, Pasqua M, Tucci C, di Marco GP, Necozione S, Eibenstein A. Correlation Between SNOT-22, Nasal Cytology, and Mood Disorders in Patients With Allergic Rhinitis Treated With a Liposomal Nasal Spray. ALLERGY & RHINOLOGY 2019; 10:2152656719866809. [PMID: 31413887 PMCID: PMC6676260 DOI: 10.1177/2152656719866809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Patients with allergic rhinitis (AR) can suffer from mood disorders. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical effect of a liposomal nasal spray (LN) containing vitamins A and E on the nasal mucosa in patients suffering from AR who had refused any type of anti-allergic treatment. For this purpose, the results of nasal cytology, Visual Analog Scale (VAS), Sino-Nasal Outcome Test-22 (SNOT-22), and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) test were analyzed. Moreover, we evaluated the relationship between SNOT-22 and nasal cytology and between nasal symptoms and HADS scores. Statistical analysis revealed a significant decrease of scores at T1 in the LN treatment group as concerns VAS, SNOT-22, HADS-Anxiety test and a remarkable reduction of inflammatory cells detected with nasal cytology. Our study showed that higher levels of SNOT-22 corresponded to a higher level of HADS-Anxiety. The mechanisms underlying this relationship in AR patients are currently unknown, but we can suppose that improving mucosal trophism may contribute to the decrease of nasal symptoms and anxiety scores. The improvement of nasal symptoms, as measured by SNOT-22, was significantly correlated with the objective results of nasal cytology. These relationships between SNOT-22 and nasal cytology and between anxiety and cytology were investigated for the first time in our research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Lauriello
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Vittoria Di Rubbo
- Specialty School of ENT, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Gaia Sinatti
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Marina Pasqua
- Specialty School of ENT, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Cinzia Tucci
- Specialty School of ENT, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Stefano Necozione
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Alberto Eibenstein
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
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20
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Yang G, Wu F, Chen M, Jin J, Wang R, Yuan Y. Formulation design, characterization, and in vitro and in vivo evaluation of nanostructured lipid carriers containing a bile salt for oral delivery of gypenosides. Int J Nanomedicine 2019; 14:2267-2280. [PMID: 31015758 PMCID: PMC6448534 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s194934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Gypenosides (GPS) have been used as traditional medicine for centuries with various pharmacological effects. However, its therapeutic effects were restricted owing to the poor lipid and water solubility and low absorption. This study aimed to develop nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) containing a bile salt formulation (sodium glycocholate, SGC) for GPS, and to evaluate the potential of the GPS-SGC-NLCs as an oral delivery system. Methods The preparation of GPS-SGC-NLCs was investigated using a single-factor test and a central composite design of response surface methodology. In vitro release and pharmacokinetics studies were used to evaluate the dissolution and bioavailability of GPS. Furthermore, In vivo imaging and in situ intestinal perfusion studies were performed to investigate the absorption of the preparations in the gastrointestinal tract. Results The optimised formulation yielded nanoparticles with an approximate diameter of 146.7 nm, polydispersity of 0.137, zeta potential of -56.0 mV, entrapment efficiency of 74.22% and drug loading of 4.89%. An in vitro dissolution analysis revealed the sustained release of contents from GPS-SGC-NLCs over 48 h with 56.4% of the drug released. A pharmacokinetic analysis revealed an 8.5-fold increase of bioavailability of the GPS-SGC-NLCs compared with GPS powder. In vivo imaging and in situ intestinal perfusion studies showed that SGC-NLCs could significantly increase the absorption of GPS in intestinal tract. In vitro cytotoxicity evaluated using Caco-2 cells demonstrated that GPS-SGC-NLCs decrease the cytotoxicity of the drug. Conclusion The SGC-NLC formulation can significantly improve the absorption of GPS, which provides an effective approach for enhancing the oral absorption of drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China,
| | - Feihua Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China,
| | - Minyan Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China,
| | - Jian Jin
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China,
| | - Rong Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China,
| | - Yongfang Yuan
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China,
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21
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He H, Lu Y, Qi J, Zhu Q, Chen Z, Wu W. Adapting liposomes for oral drug delivery. Acta Pharm Sin B 2019; 9:36-48. [PMID: 30766776 PMCID: PMC6362257 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2018.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 328] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Revised: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Liposomes mimic natural cell membranes and have long been investigated as drug carriers due to excellent entrapment capacity, biocompatibility and safety. Despite the success of parenteral liposomes, oral delivery of liposomes is impeded by various barriers such as instability in the gastrointestinal tract, difficulties in crossing biomembranes, and mass production problems. By modulating the compositions of the lipid bilayers and adding polymers or ligands, both the stability and permeability of liposomes can be greatly improved for oral drug delivery. This review provides an overview of the challenges and current approaches toward the oral delivery of liposomes.
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Key Words
- APC, antigen-presenting cell
- AUC, area under curve
- Absorption
- BSA, bovine serum albumin
- Bioavailability
- DC, dendritic cells
- DMPC, dimyristoyl phosphatidyl choline
- DPPC, dipalmitoyl phosphotidylcholine
- Drug delivery
- FAE, follicle-associated epithelia
- FITC, fluorescein isothiocyannate
- GIT, gastrointestinal tract
- LUV, large unilamellar vesicles
- Liposomes
- MLV, multilamellar vesicles
- MRT, mean residence time
- MVL, multivesicular liposomes
- Oral
- PC, phosphatidylcholine
- PEG, polyethylene glycol
- RES, reticulo-endothelial
- SC, sodium cholate
- SDC, sodium deoxycholate
- SGC, sodium glycocholate
- SPC, soy phosphatidylcholine
- STC, sodium taurocholate
- SUV, small unilamellar vesicles
- Stability
- TPGS, tocopherol polyethylene glycol succinate
- Tgel, gelling temperature
- Tp, phase transition temperature
- UEA 1, ulex europaeus agglutinin 1
- WGA, wheat germ agglutinin
- rhEGF, recombinant human epithelial growth factor
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Affiliation(s)
- Haisheng He
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery of MOE and PLA, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yi Lu
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery of MOE and PLA, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
- Shanghai Dermatology Hospital, Shanghai 200443, China
| | - Jianping Qi
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery of MOE and PLA, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
- Shanghai Dermatology Hospital, Shanghai 200443, China
| | - Quangang Zhu
- Shanghai Dermatology Hospital, Shanghai 200443, China
| | | | - Wei Wu
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery of MOE and PLA, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
- Shanghai Dermatology Hospital, Shanghai 200443, China
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Potential Applications of Gliclazide in Treating Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: Formulation with Bile Acids and Probiotics. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2018; 43:269-280. [PMID: 29039071 DOI: 10.1007/s13318-017-0441-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A major advancement in therapy of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is the discovery of new treatment which avoids and even replaces the absolute requirement for injected insulin. The need for multiple drug therapy of comorbidities associated with T1DM increases demand for developing novel therapeutic alternatives with new mechanisms of actions. Compared to other sulphonylurea drugs used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus, gliclazide exhibits a pleiotropic action outside pancreatic β cells, the so-called extrapancreatic effects, such as antiinflammatory and cellular protective effects, which might be beneficial in the treatment of T1DM. Results from in vivo experiments confirmed the positive effects of gliclazide in T1DM that are even more pronounced when combined with other hypoglycaemic agents such as probiotics and bile acids. Even though the exact mechanism of interaction at the molecular level is still unknown, there is a clear synergistic effect between gliclazide, bile acids and probiotics illustrated by the reduction of blood glucose levels and improvement of diabetic complications. Therefore, the manipulation of bile acid pool and intestinal microbiota composition in combination with old drug gliclazide could be a novel therapeutic approach for patients with T1DM.
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Bashyal S, Seo JE, Keum T, Noh G, Choi YW, Lee S. Facilitated permeation of insulin across TR146 cells by cholic acid derivatives-modified elastic bilosomes. Int J Nanomedicine 2018; 13:5173-5186. [PMID: 30233179 PMCID: PMC6135218 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s168310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Buccal delivery of insulin is still a challenging issue for the researchers due to the presence of permeability barrier (buccal mucosa) in the buccal cavity. The main objective of this study was to investigate the safety, effectiveness, and potential of various liposomes containing different bile salts to improve the permeation of insulin across in vitro TR146 buccal cell layers. METHODS Elastic bilosomes containing soy lecithin and bile salt edge activators (sodium cholate [SC], sodium taurocholate [STC], sodium glycocholate [SGC], sodium deoxyglycocholate [SDGC], or sodium deoxytaurocholate [SDTC]) were fabricated by thin-film hydration method. The prepared liposomes were characterized, and in vitro permeation studies were performed. The fluorescein isothiocyanate-insulin-loaded elastic bilosomes were used to evaluate the quantitative and qualitative cellular uptake studies. RESULTS The prepared elastic bilosomes had a particle size and an entrapment efficiency of ~140-150 nm and 66%-78%, respectively. SDGC-lipo (SDGC-incorporated liposome) was observed to be the most superior with an enhancement ratio (ER) of 5.24 (P<0.001). The SC-incorporated liposome (SC-lipo) and SDTC-incorporated liposome (SDTC-lipo) also led to a significant enhancement with ERs of 3.20 and 3.10 (P<0.05), respectively, compared with insulin solution. These results were further supported by quantitative and qualitative cellular uptake studies performed employing fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis and confocal microscopy, respectively. The relative median fluorescence intensity values of elastic bilosomes were counted in the order of SDGC-lipo > SC-lipo > SDTC-lipo > SGC-incorporated liposome > STC-incorporated liposome, and similarity in the permeability profile of the employed elastic bilosomes was noted. CONCLUSION This study presents the employment of various derivatives of cholic acid-loaded elastic bilosomes as a promising strategy to enhance the permeation of insulin through buccal route.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh Bashyal
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Daegu, Republic of Korea,
| | - Jo-Eun Seo
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Daegu, Republic of Korea,
| | - Taekwang Keum
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Daegu, Republic of Korea,
| | - Gyubin Noh
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Daegu, Republic of Korea,
| | - Young Wook Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangkil Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Daegu, Republic of Korea,
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24
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Janga KY, Tatke A, Balguri SP, Lamichanne SP, Ibrahim MM, Maria DN, Jablonski MM, Majumdar S. Ion-sensitive in situ hydrogels of natamycin bilosomes for enhanced and prolonged ocular pharmacotherapy: in vitro permeability, cytotoxicity and in vivo evaluation. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 46:1039-1050. [PMID: 29475386 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2018.1443117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Delivery of therapeutic molecules into the deeper ocular compartments is mainly hampered by short precorneal residence and limited transmembrane permeability of topically administered drugs. Hence, the current study was undertaken to fabricate the ion-sensitive in situ gels of natamycin (NT) bilosomes (NB) for efficient ocular delivery. The effect of cholesterol and sodium taurocholate proportion on the properties of the bilosomes were studied and the formulation with better physicochemical properties was optimized and utilized to derive the in situ gelling system (IG). The impact of type/composition of gelling agent on the formation and characteristics of the hydrogel was investigated. The hydrogel formed from IG with 0.3% w/v gellan gum showed optimal viscoelastic and adhesive characteristics. The ocular safety and cytocompatibility of NB and its IG was confirmed by corneal histology and in vitro cytotoxicity evaluation. A 6- to 9-fold enhancement in the transcorneal flux of NB demonstrated efficient ocular penetration of bilosomes. Moreover, the superior mean dose normalized NT levels in the ocular tissues of rabbits treated with optimized NB and IG illustrated the effectiveness of bilosomes loaded ion-sensitive in situ hydrogels as a potential platform for the improved and prolonged ocular pharmacotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karthik Yadav Janga
- a Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy , The University of Mississippi , Oxford , MS , USA
| | - Akshaya Tatke
- a Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy , The University of Mississippi , Oxford , MS , USA
| | - Sai Prachetan Balguri
- a Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy , The University of Mississippi , Oxford , MS , USA
| | - Surya P Lamichanne
- a Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy , The University of Mississippi , Oxford , MS , USA
| | - Mohamed Moustafa Ibrahim
- b Department of Ophthalmology , The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Hamilton Eye Institute , Memphis , TN , USA.,c Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy , Mansoura University , Mansoura , Egypt
| | - Doaa Nabih Maria
- b Department of Ophthalmology , The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Hamilton Eye Institute , Memphis , TN , USA.,c Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy , Mansoura University , Mansoura , Egypt
| | - Monica M Jablonski
- b Department of Ophthalmology , The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Hamilton Eye Institute , Memphis , TN , USA
| | - Soumyajit Majumdar
- a Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy , The University of Mississippi , Oxford , MS , USA.,d Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences , The University of Mississippi , Oxford , MS , USA
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He H, Lu Y, Qi J, Zhao W, Dong X, Wu W. Biomimetic thiamine- and niacin-decorated liposomes for enhanced oral delivery of insulin. Acta Pharm Sin B 2018; 8:97-105. [PMID: 29872626 PMCID: PMC5985626 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2017.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Revised: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomimetic nanocarriers are emerging as efficient vehicles to facilitate dietary absorption of biomacromolecules. In this study, two vitamins, thiamine and niacin, are employed to decorate liposomes loaded with insulin, thus facilitating oral absorption via vitamin ligand-receptor interactions. Both vitamins are conjugated with stearamine, which works to anchor the ligands to the surface of liposomes. Liposomes prepared under optimum conditions have a mean particle size of 125-150 nm and an insulin entrapment efficiency of approximately 30%-36%. Encapsulation into liposomes helps to stabilize insulin due to improved resistance against enzymatic disruption, with 60% and 80% of the insulin left after 4 h when incubated in simulated gastric and intestinal fluids, respectively, whereas non-encapsulated insulin is broken down completely at 0.5 h. Preservation of insulin bioactivity against preparative stresses is validated by intra-peritoneal injection of insulin after release from various liposomes using the surfactant Triton X-100. In a diabetic rat model chemically induced by streptozotocin, both thiamine- and niacin-decorated liposomes showed a comparable and sustained mild hypoglycemic effect. The superiority of decorated liposomes over conventional liposomes highlights the contribution of vitamin ligands. It is concluded that decoration of liposomes with thiamine or niacin facilitates interactions with gastrointestinal vitamin receptors and thereby facilitates oral absorption of insulin-loaded liposomes.
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Key Words
- 1H NMR, 1H nuclear magnetic resonance
- AAC, area above the curve
- Biomimetic
- CDI, N,Nʹ-carbonyldiimidazole
- CH, cholesterol
- CH-Lip, conventional (cholesterol) liposomes
- DMAP, dimethylaminopyridine
- DMF, dimethylformamide
- Drug delivery
- EDC, N-ethyl-Nʹ-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide
- EE, entrapment efficiency
- ESI-MS, electrospray ionization mass spectrometry
- FAE, follicle-associated epithelia
- GIT, gastrointestinal tract
- HPLC/UV, high-performance liquid chromatography/ultraviolet
- INS, insulin
- Insulin
- Liposomes
- NA, niacin
- NA-Lip, niacin liposomes
- Niacin
- Oral
- SGF, simulated gastric fluid
- SIF, simulated intestinal fluid
- SPC, soybean phosphatidylcholine
- TH, thiamine
- TH-Lip, thiamine-decorated liposomes
- Thiamine
- USP, United States Pharmacopeia
- VB1, vitamin B1
- Vitamin
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Wei Wu
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery of MOE and PLA, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
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Liu X, Zheng S, Qin Y, Ding W, Tu Y, Chen X, Wu Y, Yanhua L, Cai X. Experimental Evaluation of the Transport Mechanisms of PoIFN-α in Caco-2 Cells. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:781. [PMID: 29163167 PMCID: PMC5681924 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
For the development of an efficient intestinal delivery system for Porcine interferon-α (PoIFN-α), the understanding of transport mechanisms of which in the intestinal cell is essential. In this study, we investigated the absorption mechanisms of PoIFN-α in intestine cells. Caco-2 cells and fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled (FITC)-PoIFN-α were used to explore the whole transport process, including endocytosis, intracellular trafficking, exocytosis, and transcytosis. Via various techniques, the transport pathways of PoIFN-α in Caco-2 cells and the mechanisms were clarified. Firstly, the endocytosis of PoIFN-α by Caco-2 cells was time, concentration and temperature dependence. And the lipid raft/caveolae endocytosis was the most likely endocytic pathway for PoIFN-α. Secondly, both Golgi apparatus and lysosome were involved in the intracellular trafficking of PoIFN-α. Thirdly, the treatment of indomethacin resulted in a significant decrease of exocytosis of PoIFN-α, indicating the participation of cyclooxygenase. Finally, to evaluate the efficiency of PoIFN-α transport, the transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) value was measured to investigate the tight junctional integrity of the cell monolayers. The fluorescence microscope results revealed that the transport of PoIFN-α across the Caco-2 cell monolayers was restricted. In conclusion, this study depicts a probable picture of PoIFN-α transport in Caco-2 cells characterized by non-specificity, partial energy-dependency and low transcytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Harbin, China
| | - Sidi Zheng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Harbin, China
| | - Yue Qin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Harbin, China
| | - Wenya Ding
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Harbin, China
| | - Yabin Tu
- Harbin Veterinary Institute of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Xingru Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Harbin, China
| | - Yunzhou Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Harbin, China
| | - Li Yanhua
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Harbin, China
| | - Xuehui Cai
- Harbin Veterinary Institute of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, China
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27
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Ma Y, He H, Fan W, Li Y, Zhang W, Zhao W, Qi J, Lu Y, Dong X, Wu W. In Vivo Fate of Biomimetic Mixed Micelles as Nanocarriers for Bioavailability Enhancement of Lipid-Drug Conjugates. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2017; 3:2399-2409. [PMID: 33445298 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.7b00380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The transformation of lipid-based nanovehicles into mixed micelles (MMs) upon lipolysis plays an indispensable role in enhancement of the oral bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs. Therefore, this study employs biomimetic MMs as functional vehicles to enhance the oral bioavailability of the lipid conjugates of a model drug silybin. The main objective is to explore the in vivo fate and underlying mechanisms of facilitated absorption by MMs. Pharmacokinetics in rats indicate bioavailability enhancement by 7-9 folds as compared to a fast-release silybin solid dispersion formulation. Confocal laser scanning microscopy reveals evidence of cellular uptake of integral MMs into the cytoplasm of both Caco-2 and Caco-2/HT29-MTX coculture cells lines. The recovery of a definite amount of prototype silybin but negligible or traces of lipid-silybin conjugates from the cells, as well as the limited trans-monolayer transport, confirms fast disruption of MMs and fast degradation of the conjugates as well. The MMs survive the gastrointestinal environment with relatively high integrity for about 4 h, and are found accumulating in intestinal villi surface layers in higher density but in lower density to the basolateral tissues. By scanning the organs, a small amount of integral MMs are observed to distribute mainly to the livers with peak time around 4-8 h. The total amount of lymphatic absorption monitored by cannulation is negligible. It is concluded that biomimetic MMs might be taken up by enterocytes and be digested there to release the prototype drug, which is further transported to the circulation, and only a limited amount of integral MMs could be absorbed into the circulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhua Ma
- Key Laboratory for Tibet Plateau Phytochemistry of Qinghai Province, School of Pharmacy, Qinghai Nationalities University, Xining 810007, China.,Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery of MOE and PLA, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Haisheng He
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery of MOE and PLA, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Wufa Fan
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery of MOE and PLA, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yingxia Li
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery of MOE and PLA, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery of MOE and PLA, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Weili Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery of MOE and PLA, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jianping Qi
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery of MOE and PLA, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yi Lu
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery of MOE and PLA, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xiaochun Dong
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery of MOE and PLA, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery of MOE and PLA, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
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Li Z, Li H, Wang C, Xu J, Singh V, Chen D, Zhang J. Sodium dodecyl sulfate/β-cyclodextrin vesicles embedded in chitosan gel for insulin delivery with pH-selective release. Acta Pharm Sin B 2016; 6:344-51. [PMID: 27471675 PMCID: PMC4951593 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2016.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Revised: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In an answer to the challenge of enzymatic instability and low oral bioavailability of proteins/peptides, a new type of drug-delivery vesicle has been developed. The preparation, based on sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) embedded in chitosan gel, was used to successfully deliver the model drug-insulin. The self-assembled SDS/β-CD vesicles were prepared and characterized by particle size, zeta potential, appearance, microscopic morphology and entrapment efficiency. In addition, both the interaction of insulin with vesicles and the stability of insulin loaded in vesicles in the presence of pepsin were investigated. The vesicles were crosslinked into thermo-sensitive chitosan/β-glycerol phosphate solution for an in-situ gel to enhance the dilution stability. The in vitro release characteristics of insulin from gels in media at different pH values were investigated. The insulin loaded vesicles–chitosan hydrogel (IVG) improved the dilution stability of the vesicles and provided pH-selective sustained release compared with insulin solution–chitosan hydrogel (ISG). In vitro, IVG exhibited slow release in acidic solution and relatively quick release in neutral solutions to provide drug efficacy. In simulated digestive fluid, IVG showed better sustained release and insulin protection properties compared with ISG. Thus IVG might improve the stability of insulin during its transport in vivo and contribute to the bioavailability and therapeutic effect of insulin.
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29
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Lee DR, Park JS, Bae IH, Lee Y, Kim BM. Liquid crystal nanoparticle formulation as an oral drug delivery system for liver-specific distribution. Int J Nanomedicine 2016; 11:853-71. [PMID: 27042053 PMCID: PMC4780723 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s97000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Liquid crystal nanoparticles have been utilized as an efficient tool for drug delivery with enhanced bioavailability, drug stability, and targeted drug delivery. However, the high energy requirements and the high cost of the liquid crystal preparation have been obstacles to their widespread use in the pharmaceutical industry. In this study, we prepared liquid crystal nanoparticles using a phase-inversion temperature method, which is a uniquely low energy process. Particles prepared with the above method were estimated to be ~100 nm in size and exhibited a lamellar liquid crystal structure with orthorhombic lateral packing. Pharmacokinetic and tissue distribution studies of a hydrophobic peptide-based drug candidate formulated with the liquid crystal nanoparticles showed a five-fold enhancement of bioavailability, sustained release, and liver-specific drug delivery compared to a host-guest complex formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Ryeol Lee
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Technology Development Center, BASF Company Ltd., Hwaseong, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Su Park
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Il Hak Bae
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yan Lee
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - B Moon Kim
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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30
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Yang G, Zhao Y, Zhang Y, Dang B, Liu Y, Feng N. Enhanced oral bioavailability of silymarin using liposomes containing a bile salt: preparation by supercritical fluid technology and evaluation in vitro and in vivo. Int J Nanomedicine 2015; 10:6633-44. [PMID: 26543366 PMCID: PMC4622520 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s92665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this investigation was to develop a procedure to improve the dissolution and bioavailability of silymarin (SM) by using bile salt-containing liposomes that were prepared by supercritical fluid technology (ie, solution-enhanced dispersion by supercritical fluids [SEDS]). The process for the preparation of SM-loaded liposomes containing a bile salt (SM-Lip-SEDS) was optimized using a central composite design of response surface methodology with the ratio of SM to phospholipids (w/w), flow rate of solution (mL/min), and pressure (MPa) as independent variables. Particle size, entrapment efficiency (EE), and drug loading (DL) were dependent variables for optimization of the process and formulation variables. The particle size, zeta potential, EE, and DL of the optimized SM-Lip-SEDS were 160.5 nm, −62.3 mV, 91.4%, and 4.73%, respectively. Two other methods to produce SM liposomes were compared to the SEDS method. The liposomes obtained by the SEDS method exhibited the highest EE and DL, smallest particle size, and best stability compared to liposomes produced by the thin-film dispersion and reversed-phase evaporation methods. Compared to the SM powder, SM-Lip-SEDS showed increased in vitro drug release. The in vivo AUC0−t of SM-Lip-SEDS was 4.8-fold higher than that of the SM powder. These results illustrate that liposomes containing a bile salt can be used to enhance the oral bioavailability of SM and that supercritical fluid technology is suitable for the preparation of liposomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaping Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongtai Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Beilei Dang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Nianping Feng
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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31
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Ansari M. Oral Delivery of Insulin for Treatment of Diabetes: Classical Challenges and Current Opportunities. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 2015. [DOI: 10.3923/jms.2015.209.220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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32
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Lu R, Liu S, Wang Q, Li X. Nanoemulsions as novel oral carriers of stiripentol: insights into the protective effect and absorption enhancement. Int J Nanomedicine 2015; 10:4937-46. [PMID: 26261418 PMCID: PMC4527565 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s87471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral administration remains a significant challenge in regards to drugs with serious solubility and stability issues. This article aimed to investigate the suitability of nanoemulsions as oral carriers of stiripentol (STP), an acid-labile drug, for enhancement of stability and bioavailability. STP-loaded nanoemulsions (STP-NEs) were prepared by using a solvent-diffusion/ultrasonication technique. STP-NEs were characterized in a variety of ways such as by particle size, entrapment efficiency, in vitro drug release, and transmission electron microscopy. A bioavailability study was performed in rats after oral administration of either STP-NEs, or commercial formulation (Diacomit). The resultant nanoemulsions were 146.6 nm in particle size with an entrapment efficiency of 99.47%. It was demonstrated that nanoemulsions significantly improved the biochemical stability and bioavailability of STP. The bioavailability of STP-NEs was up to 206.2% relative to Diacomit. Nanoemulsions fabricated from poly(ethylene glycol) monooleate/medium-chain triglycerides exhibited excellent performance in drug stabilization and absorption enhancement. The results suggest that STP-NEs are a promising means to solve the problems associated with stability and solubility of STP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Lu
- School of Ocean, Shandong University, Weihai, People's Republic of China
| | - Shan Liu
- School of Ocean, Shandong University, Weihai, People's Republic of China
| | - Qilin Wang
- School of Ocean, Shandong University, Weihai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xia Li
- School of Ocean, Shandong University, Weihai, People's Republic of China ; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
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Abstract
The human body has long provided pharmaceutical science with biomaterials of interesting applications. Bile salts (BSs) are biomaterials reminiscent of traditional surfactants with peculiar structure and self-assembled topologies. In the pharmaceutical field, BSs were employed on the basis of two different concepts. The first concept exploited BSs' metabolic and homeostatic functions in disease modulation, whereas the second one utilized BSs' potential to modify drug-delivery characteristics, which recently involved nanotechnology. This review is the first to gather major pharmaceutical applications of BSs from endogenous organotropism up to integration into nanomedicine, with a greater focus on the latter domain. Endogenous applications highlighted the role of BS in modulating hypercholesterolemia and cancer therapy in view of enterohepatic circulation. In addition, recent BS-integrated nanomedicines have been surveyed, chiefly size-tunable cholate nanoparticles, BS-lecithin mixed micelles, bilosomes, probilosomes, and surface-engineered bilosomes. A greater emphasis has been laid on nanosystems for vaccine and cancer therapy. The comparative advantages of BS-integrated nanomedicines over conventional nanocarriers have been noted. Paradoxical effects, current pitfalls, future perspectives, and opinions have also been outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosra SR Elnaggar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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Abstract
The beginning of the 21st century saw numerous protein and peptide therapeuticals both on the market and entering the final stages of clinical studies. They represent a new category of biologically originated drugs termed biologics or biologicals. Their main advantages over conventional drugs can be summarized by their high selectivity and potent therapeutic efficacy coupled with limited side effects. In addition, they exhibit more predictable behavior under in vivo conditions. However, up to now most of the formulations of biologics are designed and destined for the parenteral route of administration. As a consequence, many suffer from short plasma half-lives, resulting in their frequent administration and ultimately poor patient compliance. This review represents an attempt to address some of the challenges and promises in the product development of biologics both for parenteral and noninvasive administration. Some of the products currently in the pipeline of pharmaceutical development and corresponding perspectives are discussed in more detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nataša Skalko-Basnet
- Drug Transport and Delivery Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway
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35
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Gauttam VK, Kalia AN. Development of polyherbal antidiabetic formulation encapsulated in the phospholipids vesicle system. J Adv Pharm Technol Res 2013; 4:108-17. [PMID: 23833751 PMCID: PMC3696222 DOI: 10.4103/2231-4040.111527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Multifactorial metabolic diseases, for instance diabetes develop several complications like hyperlipidemia, hepatic toxicity, immunodeficiency etc., Hence, instead of mono-drug therapy the management of the disease requires the combination of herbs. Marketed herbal drugs comprise of irrational combinations, which makes their quality control more difficult. Phytoconstituents, despite having excellent bioactivity in vitro demonstrate less or no in vivo actions due to their poor lipid solubility, resulting in high therapeutic dose regimen; phospholipids encapsulation can overcome this problem. Hence, present study was designed to develop a phospholipids encapsulated polyherbal anti-diabetic formulation. In the present study, polyherbal formulation comprises of lyophilized hydro-alcoholic (50% v/v) extracts of Momordica charantia, Trigonella foenum-graecum and Withania somnifera 2:2:1, respectively, named HA, optimized based on oral glucose tolerance test model in normal Wistar rats. The optimized formulation (HA) entrapped in the phosphatidylcholine and cholesterol (8:2) vesicle system is named HA lipids (HAL). The vesicles were characterized for shape, morphology, entrapment efficiency, polar-dispersity index and release profile in the gastric pH. The antidiabetic potential of HA, marketed polyherbal formulation (D-fit) and HAL was compared in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat model of 21 days study. The parameters evaluated were behavioral changes, body weight, serum glucose level, lipid profile and oxidative stress. The antidiabetic potential of HA (1000 mg/kg) was at par with the D-fit (1000 mg/kg). However, the potential was enhanced by phospholipids encapsulation; as HAL (500 mg/kg) has shown more significant (P < 0.05) potential in comparison to HA (1000 mg/kg) and at par with metformin (500 mg/kg).
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36
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Dai Y, Zhou R, Liu L, Lu Y, Qi J, Wu W. Liposomes containing bile salts as novel ocular delivery systems for tacrolimus (FK506): in vitro characterization and improved corneal permeation. Int J Nanomedicine 2013; 8:1921-33. [PMID: 23690687 PMCID: PMC3656938 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s44487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the potential of liposomes containing bile salts as an ophthalmic delivery system for tacrolimus to improve corneal permeability. Liposomes containing bile salts, including sodium taurocholate, sodium deoxycholate, and sodium glycocholate, were produced by the thin-film dispersion method with a particle size of approximately 100 nm and an entrapment efficiency of more than 90%. Less than 5% tacrolimus was released from conventional liposomes and from liposomes containing sodium taurocholate, sodium deoxycholate, or sodium glycocholate over 12 hours. The cellular uptake of conventional liposomes was significantly higher than that of liposomes containing bile salts. However, liposomes containing bile salts exerted a 3–4-fold increase of tacrolimus in ex vivo corneal transport of tacrolimus compared with conventional liposomes. When rabbit eyes were treated with a DiI perchlorate-loaded liposome suspension, liposomes containing bile salts showed fast and sustained penetration across the cornea. Unfortunately, liposomes containing sodium deoxycholate caused toxicity or irritation to both spontaneously derived human corneal epithelial cells and the rabbit cornea. Therefore, liposomes containing sodium taurocholate and sodium glycocholate are potential carriers in ocular drug delivery systems, given their low toxicity and vastly improved permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yikang Dai
- Department of Ophthalmology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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Li X, Qi J, Xie Y, Zhang X, Hu S, Xu Y, Lu Y, Wu W. Nanoemulsions coated with alginate/chitosan as oral insulin delivery systems: preparation, characterization, and hypoglycemic effect in rats. Int J Nanomedicine 2012; 8:23-32. [PMID: 23293517 PMCID: PMC3534302 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s38507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to prepare nanoemulsions coated with alginate/chitosan for oral insulin delivery. Uncoated nanoemulsions were prepared by homogenization of a water in oil in water (w/o/w) multiple emulsion that was composed of Labrafac® CC, phospholipid, Span™ 80 and Cremorphor® EL. Coating of the nanoemulsions was achieved based on polyelectrolyte cross-linking, with sequential addition of calcium chloride and chitosan to the bulk nanoemulsion dispersion that contained alginate. The particle size of the coated nanoemulsions was about 488 nm and the insulin entrapment ratio was 47.3%. Circular dichroism spectroscopy proved conformational stability of insulin against the preparative stress. In vitro leakage study indicated well-preserved integrity of the nanoemulsions in simulated gastric juices. Hypoglycemic effects were observed in both normal and diabetic rats. The relative pharmacological bioavailability of the coated nanoemulsion with 25 and 50 IU/kg insulin were 8.42% and 5.72% in normal rats and 8.19% and 7.84% in diabetic rats, respectively. Moreover, there were significantly prolonged hypoglycemic effects after oral administration of the coated nanoemulsions compared with subcutaneous (sc) insulin. In conclusion, the nanoemulsion coated with alginate/chitosan was a potential delivery system for oral delivery of polypeptides and proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyang Li
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery of Ministry of Education and People's Liberation Army (PLA), School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Li C, Zhang Y, Su T, Feng L, Long Y, Chen Z. Silica-coated flexible liposomes as a nanohybrid delivery system for enhanced oral bioavailability of curcumin. Int J Nanomedicine 2012; 7:5995-6002. [PMID: 23233804 PMCID: PMC3519006 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s38043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated flexible liposomes as a potential oral drug delivery system. However, enhanced membrane fluidity and structural deformability may necessitate liposomal surface modification when facing the harsh environment of the gastrointestinal tract. In the present study, silica-coated flexible liposomes loaded with curcumin (CUR-SLs) having poor water solubility as a model drug were prepared by a thin-film method with homogenization, followed by the formation of a silica shell by the sol-gel process. We systematically investigated the physical properties, drug release behavior, pharmacodynamics, and bioavailability of CUR-SLs. CUR-SLs had a mean diameter of 157 nm and a polydispersity index of 0.14, while the apparent entrapment efficiency was 90.62%. Compared with curcumin-loaded flexible liposomes (CUR-FLs) without silica-coatings, CUR-SLs had significantly higher stability against artificial gastric fluid and showed more sustained drug release in artificial intestinal fluid as determined by in vitro release assays. The bioavailability of CUR-SLs and CUR-FLs was 7.76- and 2.35-fold higher, respectively, than that of curcumin suspensions. Silica coating markedly improved the stability of flexible liposomes, and CUR-SLs exhibited a 3.31-fold increase in bioavailability compared with CUR-FLs, indicating that silica-coated flexible liposomes may be employed as a potential carrier to deliver drugs with poor water solubility via the oral route with improved bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Li
- Key Laboratory on Luminescence and Real-Time Analysis, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, 2 Tiansheng Road, Chongqing, China.
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39
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Li X, Chen D, Le C, Zhu C, Gan Y, Hovgaard L, Yang M. Novel mucus-penetrating liposomes as a potential oral drug delivery system: preparation, in vitro characterization, and enhanced cellular uptake. Int J Nanomedicine 2011; 6:3151-62. [PMID: 22163166 PMCID: PMC3235033 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s25741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to investigate the intestinal mucus-penetrating properties and intestinal cellular uptake of two types of liposomes modified by Pluronic F127 (PF127). Methods The two types of liposomes, ie, PF127-inlaid liposomes and PF127-adsorbed liposomes, were prepared by a thin-film hydration method followed by extrusion, in which coumarin 6 was loaded as a fluorescence marker. A modified Franz diffusion cell mounted with the intestinal mucus of rats was used to study the diffusion characteristics of the two types of PF127 liposomes. Cell uptake studies were conducted in Caco-2 cells and analyzed using confocal laser scanning microcopy as well as flow cytometry. Results The diffusion efficiency of the two types of PF127-modified liposomes through intestinal rat mucus was 5–7-fold higher than that of unmodified liposomes. Compared with unmodified liposomes, PF127-inlaid liposomes showed significantly higher cellular uptake of courmarin 6. PF127-adsorbed liposomes showed a lower cellular uptake. Moreover, and interestingly, the two types of PF127-modified liposomes showed different cellular uptake mechanisms in Caco-2 cells. Conclusion PF127-inlaid liposomes with improved intestinal mucus-penetrating ability and enhanced cellular uptake might be a potential carrier candidate for oral drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuying Li
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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Guan P, Lu Y, Qi J, Niu M, Lian R, Hu F, Wu W. Enhanced oral bioavailability of cyclosporine A by liposomes containing a bile salt. Int J Nanomedicine 2011; 6:965-74. [PMID: 21720508 PMCID: PMC3124400 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s19259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2011] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The main purpose of this study was to evaluate liposomes containing a bile salt, sodium deoxycholate (SDC), as oral drug delivery systems to enhance the oral bioavailability of the poorly water-soluble and poorly permeable drug, cyclosporine A (CyA). Liposomes composed of soybean phosphatidylcholine (SPC) and SDC were prepared by a thin-film dispersion method followed by homogenization. Several properties of the liposomes including particle size, polydispersity index, and entrapment efficiency were characterized. The in vitro release of CyA from these liposomes was less than 5% at 12 hours as measured by a dynamic dialysis method. The pharmacokinetic results in rats showed improved absorption of CyA in SPC/SDC liposomes, compared with CyA-loaded conventional SPC/cholesterol (Chol) liposomes and microemulsion-based Sandimmune Neoral(®). The relative oral bioavailability of CyA-loaded SPC/SDC and SPC/Chol liposomes was 120.3% and 98.6%, respectively, with Sandimmun Neoral as the reference. The enhanced bioavailability of CyA was probably due to facilitated absorption by the liposomes containing SDC rather than improved release rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peipei Guan
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi Lu
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianping Qi
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mengmeng Niu
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ruyue Lian
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fuqiang Hu
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
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