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Jamshaid U, Anton N, Elhassan M, Conzatti G, Vandamme TF. Novel Hydrogels Based on the Nano-Emulsion Formulation Process: Development, Rheological Characterization, and Study as a Drug Delivery System. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:812. [PMID: 38931933 PMCID: PMC11207514 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16060812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, we present a new type of polymer-free hydrogel made only from nonionic surfactants, oil, and water. Such a system is produced by taking advantage of the physicochemical behavior and interactions between nonionic surfactants and oil and water phases, according to a process close to spontaneous emulsification used in the production of nano-emulsions. Contrary to the classical process of emulsion-based gel formulation, we propose a simple one-step approach. Beyond the originality of the concept, these nanoemulgels appear as very promising systems able to encapsulate and deliver various molecules with different solubilities. In the first section, we propose a comprehensive investigation of the gel formation process and its limits through oscillatory rheological characterization, characterization of the sol/gel transitions, and gel strength. The second section is focused on the follow-up of the release of an encapsulated model hydrophilic molecule and on the impact of the rheological gel properties on the release profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usama Jamshaid
- INSERM (French National Institute of Health and Medical Research), UMR 1260, Regenerative Nanomedicine (RNM), FMTS, Université de Strasbourg, F-67000 Strasbourg, France; (U.J.); (M.E.); (G.C.)
- Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
| | - Nicolas Anton
- INSERM (French National Institute of Health and Medical Research), UMR 1260, Regenerative Nanomedicine (RNM), FMTS, Université de Strasbourg, F-67000 Strasbourg, France; (U.J.); (M.E.); (G.C.)
| | - Mohamed Elhassan
- INSERM (French National Institute of Health and Medical Research), UMR 1260, Regenerative Nanomedicine (RNM), FMTS, Université de Strasbourg, F-67000 Strasbourg, France; (U.J.); (M.E.); (G.C.)
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Gezira, Wad Medani 21111, Sudan
| | - Guillaume Conzatti
- INSERM (French National Institute of Health and Medical Research), UMR 1260, Regenerative Nanomedicine (RNM), FMTS, Université de Strasbourg, F-67000 Strasbourg, France; (U.J.); (M.E.); (G.C.)
| | - Thierry F. Vandamme
- INSERM (French National Institute of Health and Medical Research), UMR 1260, Regenerative Nanomedicine (RNM), FMTS, Université de Strasbourg, F-67000 Strasbourg, France; (U.J.); (M.E.); (G.C.)
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Ara N, Hafeez A. Nanocarrier-Mediated Drug Delivery via Inhalational Route for Lung Cancer Therapy: A Systematic and Updated Review. AAPS PharmSciTech 2024; 25:47. [PMID: 38424367 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-024-02758-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is one of the most severe lethal malignancies, with approximately 1.6 million deaths every year. Lung cancer can be broadly categorised into small and non-small-cell lung cancer. The traditional chemotherapy is nonspecific, destroys healthy cells and produces systemic toxicity; targeted inhalation drug delivery in conjunction with nanoformulations has piqued interest as an approach for improving chemotherapeutic drug activity in the treatment of lung cancer. Our aim is to discuss the impact of polymer and lipid-based nanocarriers (polymeric nanoparticles, liposomes, niosomes, nanostructured lipid carriers, etc.) to treat lung cancer via the inhalational route of drug administration. This review also highlights the clinical studies, patent reports and latest investigations related to lung cancer treatment through the pulmonary route. In accordance with the PRISMA guideline, a systematic literature search was carried out for published works between 2005 and 2023. The keywords used were lung cancer, pulmonary delivery, inhalational drug delivery, liposomes in lung cancer, nanotechnology in lung cancer, etc. Several articles were searched, screened, reviewed and included. The analysis demonstrated the potential of polymer and lipid-based nanocarriers to improve the entrapment of drugs, sustained release, enhanced permeability, targeted drug delivery and retention impact in lung tissues. Patents and clinical observations further strengthen the translational potential of these carrier systems for human use in lung cancer. This systematic review demonstrated the potential of pulmonary (inhalational) drug delivery approaches based on nanocarriers for lung cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nargis Ara
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Lucknow, 226026, India
| | - Abdul Hafeez
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Lucknow, 226026, India.
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Elaiophylin Inhibits Tumorigenesis of Human Lung Adenocarcinoma by Inhibiting Mitophagy via Suppression of SIRT1/Nrf2 Signaling. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14235812. [PMID: 36497294 PMCID: PMC9737501 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14235812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung adenocarcinoma (LADC), the most common type of lung cancer, is still one of the most aggressive and rapidly fatal tumor types, even though achievements in new therapeutic approaches have been developed. Elaiophylin as a C2 symmetrically glycosylated 16 macrolides has been reported to be a late-stage autophagy inhibitor with a potent anti-tumor effect on various cancers. This study investigated the anti-tumor effect of elaiophylin on human LADC for the first time in in vitro and in vivo models. The in vitro study in LADC A549 cells showed that elaiophylin significantly inhibited cell viability and induced cell apoptosis through the suppression of mitophagy and induction of cellular and mitochondrial oxidative stress. Proteomic analysis and molecular docking assay implicated that SIRT1 was likely the direct target of elaiophylin in A549 cells. Further mechanistic study verified that elaiophylin reduced Nrf2 deacetylation, expression, and transcriptional activity as well as cytoplasm translocation by downregulating SIRT1 expression and deacetylase activity. Additionally, SIRT1/Nrf2 activation could attenuate elaiophylin-induced mitophagy inhibition and oxidative stress. The in vivo study in the A549-xenograft mice model showed that the anti-tumor effect of elaiophylin was accompanied by the decreased expressions of SIRT1, Nrf2, Parkin, and PINK1. Thus, the present study reports that elaiophylin has potent anti-tumor properties in LADC, which effect is likely mediated through suppressing the SIRT1/Nrf2 signaling. In conclusion, elaiophylin may be a novel drug candidate for LADC and SIRT1 may be a new therapeutic target for such devastating malignancy.
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Sanarova EV, Lantsova AV, Nikolaeva LL, Oborotova NA. Using Polysorbates to Create Parenteral Dosage Forms of Hydrophobic Substances (A Review). Pharm Chem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11094-022-02735-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Baba Shekh AO, Abdul Wahab R, Yahya NA. Formulation of roselle extract water-in-oil nanoemulsion for controlled pulmonary delivery. J DISPER SCI TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/01932691.2022.2046044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adil Omer Baba Shekh
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Baharu, Malaysia
- Enzyme Technology and Green Synthesis Group, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Malaysia
| | - Roswanira Abdul Wahab
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Baharu, Malaysia
- Enzyme Technology and Green Synthesis Group, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Malaysia
| | - Nur Azzanizawaty Yahya
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Baharu, Malaysia
- Enzyme Technology and Green Synthesis Group, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Malaysia
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Kaplan A. The nanocomposites designs of phytomolecules from medicinal and aromatic plants: promising anticancer-antiviral applications. BENI-SUEF UNIVERSITY JOURNAL OF BASIC AND APPLIED SCIENCES 2022; 11:17. [PMID: 35127958 PMCID: PMC8799966 DOI: 10.1186/s43088-022-00198-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Nowadays, researchers are moving toward a herbal approach to cancer treatment because of the harmful effects of synthetic anti-tumor drugs. The evaluation of active compounds with plant origin may help in the remedy of human illnesses in the future. These active compounds have direct or indirect curative efficacies on difficult to cure diseases such as cancer. Investigation of nanoforms of these active compounds is one of the curious topics of the scientific community.
Main body
Saffron and its components obtained from Crocus sativa, essential oils obtained from lavender, Syzygium aromaticum called cloves and Beta vulgaris are known for their anticancer effects. Nano-drugs are designed to increase the anticancer activity of plant-derived drugs. Herbal extracts operate very great in the production of nanoparticles. The aim is to ensure that only the nano-drug is delivered to the tumor site. Furthermore, nanoparticles have hazardous effects when analyzed at elevated doses, but this issue can be doped together with plant extracts.
Short conclusions
The nanocomposites (graphene oxide, solid lipid nano and nanoemulsion) of phytomolecules obtained from saffron, clove, lavender and red beet may be effective in minimizing these toxic effects. In the near future, detecting the anticancer molecular mechanisms of these naturally derived compounds and nanocomposites could contribute to further cancer research. Apart from these, these compounds and its nanocomposites could have antiviral effects against today's threat covid-19 virus. Consequently, more promising anticancer and antiviral agents would be discovered.
Graphical abstract
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Polysorbate-Based Drug Formulations for Brain-Targeted Drug Delivery and Anticancer Therapy. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11199336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Polysorbates (PSs) are synthetic nonionic surfactants consisting of polyethoxy sorbitan fatty acid esters. PSs have been widely employed as emulsifiers and stabilizers in various drug formulations and food additives. Recently, various PS-based formulations have been developed for safe and efficient drug delivery. This review introduces the general features of PSs and PS-based drug carriers, summarizes recent progress in the development of PS-based drug formulations, and discusses the physicochemical properties, biological safety, P-glycoprotein inhibitory properties, and therapeutic applications of PS-based drug formulations. Additionally, recent advances in brain-targeted drug delivery using PS-based drug formulations have been highlighted. This review will help researchers understand the potential of PSs as effective drug formulation agents.
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Date Palm Extract ( Phoenix dactylifera) PEGylated Nanoemulsion: Development, Optimization and Cytotoxicity Evaluation. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10040735. [PMID: 33918742 PMCID: PMC8069845 DOI: 10.3390/plants10040735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Date palm fruit (Phoenix dactylifera) is reputed to have numerous biological activities, including anticancer properties. To utilize the great fortune of this fruit, the current study aimed to maximize its pharmacological activity. Date palm extract (DPE) of Khalas cultivar was obtained in powder form and then was formulated into nanoemulsion (NE). The optimized DPE-NE was formulated along with its naked counterpart followed by studying their physical and chemical properties. A qualitative assessment of total serum protein associated with the surface of formulations was implemented. Studies for the in vitro release of DPE from developed NE before and after incubation with serum were investigated. Eventually, an MTT assay was conducted. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents were 22.89 ± 0.013 mg GAE/g of dry DPE and 9.90 ± 0.03 mg QE/g of dry DPE, respectively. Homogenous NE formulations were attained with appropriate particle size and viscosity that could be administered intravenously. The optimized PEGylated NE exhibited a proper particle size, PDI, and zeta potential. Total serum protein adsorbed on PEG-NE surface was significantly low. The release of the drug through in vitro study was effectively extended for 24 h. Ultimately; PEGylated NE of DPE attained significant inhibition for cancer cell viability with IC50 values of 18.6 ± 2.4 and 13.5 ± 1.8 µg/mL for MCF-7 and HepG2 cell lines, respectively. PEGylated NE of DPE of Khalas cultivar will open the gate for future adjuvants for cancer therapy.
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Wang W, Huang Z, Li Y, Wang W, Shi J, Fu F, Huang Y, Pan X, Wu C. Impact of particle size and pH on protein corona formation of solid lipid nanoparticles: A proof-of-concept study. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 11:1030-1046. [PMID: 33996415 PMCID: PMC8105779 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2020.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
When nanoparticles were introduced into the biological media, the protein corona would be formed, which endowed the nanoparticles with new bio-identities. Thus, controlling protein corona formation is critical to in vivo therapeutic effect. Controlling the particle size is the most feasible method during design, and the influence of media pH which varies with disease condition is quite important. The impact of particle size and pH on bovine serum albumin (BSA) corona formation of solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) was studied here. The BSA corona formation of SLNs with increasing particle size (120-480 nm) in pH 6.0 and 7.4 was investigated. Multiple techniques were employed for visualization study, conformational structure study and mechanism study, etc. "BSA corona-caused aggregation" of SLN2‒3 was revealed in pH 6.0 while the dispersed state of SLNs was maintained in pH 7.4, which significantly affected the secondary structure of BSA and cell uptake of SLNs. The main interaction was driven by van der Waals force plus hydrogen bonding in pH 7.4, while by electrostatic attraction in pH 6.0, and size-dependent adsorption was confirmed. This study provides a systematic insight to the understanding of protein corona formation of SLNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhao Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhengwei Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yanbei Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Wenhua Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jiayu Shi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Fangqin Fu
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Ying Huang
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Xin Pan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Chuanbin Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
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Kamal NAMA, Abdulmalek E, Fakurazi S, Cordova KE, Abdul Rahman MB. Surface peptide functionalization of zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 for autonomous homing and enhanced delivery of chemotherapeutic agent to lung tumor cells. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:2375-2386. [PMID: 33555001 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt00116g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Chemotherapeutic agents used in treating certain cancer types operate in a non-selective manner tending to accumulate in normal, healthy tissue when high doses are used. To mitigate the toxicity effect resulting from this, there is an urgent need to develop active nano delivery systems capable of regulating optimal doses specifically to cancer cells without harming adjacent normal cells. Herein, we report a versatile nanoparticle - zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (nZIF-8) - that is loaded with a chemotherapeutic agent (gemcitabine; GEM) and surface-functionalized with an autonomous homing system (Arg-Gly-Asp peptide ligand; RGD) via a straightforward, one-pot solvothermal reaction. Successful functionalization of the surface of nZIF-8 loaded GEM (GEM⊂nZIF-8) with RGD was proven by spectroscopic and electron microscopy techniques. This surface-functionalized nanoparticle (GEM⊂RGD@nZIF-8) exhibited enhanced uptake in human lung cancer cells (A549), compared with non-functionalized GEM⊂nZIF-8. The GEM⊂RGD@nZIF-8, experienced not only efficient uptake within A549, but also induced obvious cytotoxicity (75% at a concentration of 10 μg mL-1) and apoptosis (62%) after 48 h treatment when compared to the nanoparticle absent of the RGD homing system (GEM⊂nZIF-8). Most importantly, this surface-functionalized nanoparticle was more selective towards lung cancer cells (A549) than normal human lung fibroblast cells (MRC-5) with a selectivity index (SI) of 3.98. This work demonstrates a new one-pot strategy for realizing a surface-functionalized zeolitic imidazolate framework that actively targets cancer cells via an autonomous homing peptide system to deliver a chemotherapeutic payload effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurul Akmarina Mohd Abdul Kamal
- Integrated Chemical BioPhysics Research, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia. and UPM-MAKNA Cancer Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, UPM, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia and Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang (UMP), Pekan 26600, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Emilia Abdulmalek
- Integrated Chemical BioPhysics Research, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Sharida Fakurazi
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, UPM, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Kyle E Cordova
- Materials Discovery Research Unit, Advanced Research Centre, Royal Scientific Society, Amman 11941, Jordan.
| | - Mohd Basyaruddin Abdul Rahman
- Integrated Chemical BioPhysics Research, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia. and UPM-MAKNA Cancer Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, UPM, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
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Aerosolized Niosome Formulation Containing Gemcitabine and Cisplatin for Lung Cancer Treatment: Optimization, Characterization and In Vitro Evaluation. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13010059. [PMID: 33466428 PMCID: PMC7824823 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13010059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Gemcitabine (Gem) and cisplatin (Cis) are currently being used for lung cancer treatment, but they are highly toxic in high dosages. This research aimed to develop a niosome formulation containing a low-dosage Gem and Cis (NGC), as an alternative formulation for lung cancer treatment. NGC was prepared using a very simple heating method and was further optimized by D-optimal mixture design. The optimum NGC formulation with particle size, polydispersity index (PDI), and zeta potential of 166.45 nm, 0.16, and −15.28 mV, respectively, was obtained and remained stable at 27 °C with no phase separation for up to 90 days. The aerosol output was 96.22%, which indicates its suitability as aerosolized formulation. An in vitro drug release study using the dialysis bag diffusion technique showed controlled release for both drugs up to 24 h penetration. A cytotoxicity study against normal lung (MRC5) and lung cancer (A549) cell lines was investigated. The results showed that the optimized NGC had reduced cytotoxicity effects against both MRC5 and A549 when compared with the control (Gem + Cis alone) from very toxic (IC50 < 1.56 µg/mL) to weakly toxic (IC50 280.00 µg/mL) and moderately toxic (IC50 = 46.00 µg/mL), respectively, after 72 h of treatment. These findings revealed that the optimized NGC has excellent potential and is a promising prospect in aerosolized delivery systems to treat lung cancer that warrants further investigation.
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Jiang R, Yan T, Wang Y, Pan Z. The preparation of PA6/CS‐NPs nanofiber filaments with excellent antibacterial activity via a one‐step multineedle electrospinning method with liquid bath circling system. J Appl Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/app.49053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Jiang
- College of Textile and Clothing EngineeringSoochow University Suzhou China
| | - Tao Yan
- College of Textile and Clothing EngineeringSoochow University Suzhou China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk (Suzhou)Soochow University Suzhou China
| | - Yi‐Qi Wang
- JF R & D Center Laboratory, JF Polymers (Suzhou) Co., Ltd Suzhou China
| | - Zhi‐Juan Pan
- College of Textile and Clothing EngineeringSoochow University Suzhou China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk (Suzhou)Soochow University Suzhou China
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Asmawi AA, Salim N, Abdulmalek E, Abdul Rahman MB. Modeling the Effect of Composition on Formation of Aerosolized Nanoemulsion System Encapsulating Docetaxel and Curcumin Using D-Optimal Mixture Experimental Design. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E4357. [PMID: 32575390 PMCID: PMC7352744 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The synergistic anticancer effect of docetaxel (DTX) and curcumin (CCM) has emerged as an attractive therapeutic candidate for lung cancer treatment. However, the lack of optimal bioavailability because of high toxicity, low stability, and poor solubility has limited their clinical success. Given this, an aerosolized nanoemulsion system for pulmonary delivery is recommended to mitigate these drawbacks. In this study, DTX- and CCM-loaded nanoemulsions were optimized using the D-optimal mixture experimental design (MED). The effect of nanoemulsion compositions towards two response variables, namely, particle size and aerosol size, was studied. The optimized formulations for both DTX- and CCM-loaded nanoemulsions were determined, and their physicochemical and aerodynamic properties were evaluated as well. The MED models achieved the optimum formulation for DTX- and CCM-loaded nanoemulsions containing a 6.0 wt% mixture of palm kernel oil ester (PKOE) and safflower seed oils (1:1), 2.5 wt% of lecithin, 2.0 wt% mixture of Tween 85 and Span 85 (9:1), and 2.5 wt% of glycerol in the aqueous phase. The actual values of the optimized formulations were in line with the predicted values obtained from the MED, and they exhibited desirable attributes of physicochemical and aerodynamic properties for inhalation therapy. Thus, the optimized formulations have potential use as a drug delivery system for a pulmonary application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azren Aida Asmawi
- Integrated Chemical BioPhysics Research, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (A.A.A.); (N.S.); (E.A.)
| | - Norazlinaliza Salim
- Integrated Chemical BioPhysics Research, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (A.A.A.); (N.S.); (E.A.)
| | - Emilia Abdulmalek
- Integrated Chemical BioPhysics Research, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (A.A.A.); (N.S.); (E.A.)
| | - Mohd Basyaruddin Abdul Rahman
- Integrated Chemical BioPhysics Research, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (A.A.A.); (N.S.); (E.A.)
- UPM-MAKNA Cancer Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
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Roselan MA, Ashari SE, Faujan NH, Mohd Faudzi SM, Mohamad R. An Improved Nanoemulsion Formulation Containing Kojic Monooleate: Optimization, Characterization and In Vitro Studies. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25112616. [PMID: 32512808 PMCID: PMC7321202 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25112616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Tyrosinase inhibitors have become increasingly important targets for hyperpigmentation disease treatment. Kojic monooleate (KMO), synthesized from the esterification of kojic acid and oleic acid, has shown a better depigmenting effect than kojic acid. In this study, the process parameters include the speed of high shear, the time of high shear and the speed of the stirrer in the production of nanoemulsion containing KMO was optimized using Response Surface Methodology (RSM), as well as evaluated in terms of its physicochemical properties, safety and efficacy. The optimized condition for the formulation of KMO nanoemulsion was 8.04 min (time of high shear), 4905.42 rpm (speed of high shear), and 271.77 rpm (speed of stirrer), which resulted in a droplet size of 103.97 nm. An analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that the fitness of the quadratic polynomial fit the experimental data with large F-values (148.79) and small p-values (p < 0.0001) and an insignificant lack of fit. The optimized nanoemulsion containing KMO with a pH value of 5.75, showed a high conductivity value (3.98 mS/cm), which indicated that the nanoemulsion containing KMO was identified as an oil-in-water type of nanoemulsion. The nanoemulsion remains stable (no phase separation) under a centrifugation test and displays accelerated stability during storage at 4, 25 and 45 °C over 90 days. The cytotoxicity assay showed that the optimized nanoemulsion was less toxic, with a 50% inhibition of cell viability (IC50) > 500 μg/mL, and that it can inhibit 67.12% of tyrosinase activity. This study reveals that KMO is a promising candidate for the development of a safe cosmetic agent to prevent hyperpigmentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Azimuddin Roselan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (M.A.R.); (N.H.F.); (S.M.M.F.)
- Integrated Chemical BioPhysics Research, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Siti Efliza Ashari
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (M.A.R.); (N.H.F.); (S.M.M.F.)
- Integrated Chemical BioPhysics Research, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
- Centre of Foundation Studies for Agricultural Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
- Correspondence:
| | - Nur Hana Faujan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (M.A.R.); (N.H.F.); (S.M.M.F.)
- Integrated Chemical BioPhysics Research, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
- Centre of Foundation Studies for Agricultural Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Siti Munirah Mohd Faudzi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (M.A.R.); (N.H.F.); (S.M.M.F.)
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Rosfarizan Mohamad
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
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