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Yu X, Xu R, Huang X, Chen H, Zhang Z, Wong I, Chen Z, Deng F. Size-Dependent Effect of Titania Nanotubes on Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress to Re-establish Diabetic Macrophages Homeostasis. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2024; 10:4323-4335. [PMID: 38860558 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.4c00549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
In patients with diabetes, endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) is a crucial disrupting factor of macrophage homeostasis surrounding implants, which remains an obstacle to oral implantation success. Notably, the ERS might be modulated by the implant surface morphology. Titania nanotubes (TNTs) may enhance diabetic osseointegration. However, a consensus has not been achieved regarding the tube-size-dependent effect and the underlying mechanism of TNTs on diabetic macrophage ERS. We manufactured TNTs with small (30 nm) and large diameters (100 nm). Next, we assessed how the different titanium surfaces affected diabetic macrophages and regulated ERS and Ca2+ homeostasis. TNTs alleviated the inflammatory response, oxidative stress, and ERS in diabetic macrophages. Furthermore, TNT30 was superior to TNT100. Inhibiting ERS abolished the positive effect of TNT30. Mechanistically, topography-induced extracellular Ca2+ influx might mitigate excessive ERS in macrophages by alleviating ER Ca2+ depletion and IP3R activation. Furthermore, TNT30 attenuated the peri-implant inflammatory response and promoted osseointegration in diabetic rats. TNTs with small nanodiameters attenuated ERS and re-established diabetic macrophage hemostasis by inhibiting IP3R-induced ER Ca2+ depletion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoran Yu
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, PR China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510080, PR China
| | - Ruogu Xu
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, PR China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510080, PR China
| | - Xiaoqiong Huang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, PR China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510080, PR China
| | - Hongcheng Chen
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, PR China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510080, PR China
| | - Zhengchuan Zhang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, PR China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510080, PR China
| | - Iohong Wong
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, PR China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510080, PR China
| | - Zetao Chen
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, PR China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510080, PR China
| | - Feilong Deng
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, PR China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510080, PR China
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Marasli C, Katifelis H, Gazouli M, Lagopati N. Nano-Based Approaches in Surface Modifications of Dental Implants: A Literature Review. Molecules 2024; 29:3061. [PMID: 38999015 PMCID: PMC11243276 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29133061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Rehabilitation of fully or partially edentulous patients with dental implants represents one of the most frequently used surgical procedures. The work of Branemark, who observed that a piece of titanium embedded in rabbit bone became firmly attached and difficult to remove, introduced the concept of osseointegration and revolutionized modern dentistry. Since then, an ever-growing need for improved implant materials towards enhanced material-tissue integration has emerged. There is a strong belief that nanoscale materials will produce a superior generation of implants with high efficiency, low cost, and high volume. The aim of this review is to explore the contribution of nanomaterials in implantology. A variety of nanomaterials have been proposed as potential candidates for implant surface customization. They can have inherent antibacterial properties, provide enhanced conditions for osseointegration, or act as reservoirs for biomolecules and drugs. Titania nanotubes alone or in combination with biological agents or drugs are used for enhanced tissue integration in dental implants. Regarding immunomodulation and in order to avoid implant rejection, titania nanotubes, graphene, and biopolymers have successfully been utilized, sometimes loaded with anti-inflammatory agents and extracellular vesicles. Peri-implantitis prevention can be achieved through the inherent antibacterial properties of metal nanoparticles and chitosan or hybrid coatings bearing antibiotic substances. For improved corrosion resistance various materials have been explored. However, even though these modifications have shown promising results, future research is necessary to assess their clinical behavior in humans and proceed to widespread commercialization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chrysa Marasli
- Laboratory of Biology, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece (M.G.)
| | - Hector Katifelis
- Laboratory of Biology, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece (M.G.)
| | - Maria Gazouli
- Laboratory of Biology, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece (M.G.)
- School of Science and Technology, Hellenic Open University, 26335 Patra, Greece
| | - Nefeli Lagopati
- Laboratory of Biology, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece (M.G.)
- Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
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Deng J, Van Duyn C, Cohen DJ, Schwartz Z, Boyan BD. Strategies for Improving Impaired Osseointegration in Compromised Animal Models. J Dent Res 2024; 103:467-476. [PMID: 38616679 PMCID: PMC11055505 DOI: 10.1177/00220345241231777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Implant osseointegration is reduced in patients with systemic conditions that compromise bone quality, such as osteoporosis, disuse syndrome, and type 2 diabetes. Studies using rodent models designed to mimic these compromised conditions demonstrated reduced bone-to-implant contact (BIC) or a decline in bone mineral density. These adverse effects are a consequence of disrupted intercellular communication. A variety of approaches have been developed to compensate for the altered microenvironment inherent in compromised conditions, including the use of biologics and implant surface modification. Chemical and physical modification of surface properties at the microscale, mesoscale, and nanoscale levels to closely resemble the surface topography of osteoclast resorption pits found in bone has proven to be a highly effective strategy for improving implant osseointegration. The addition of hydrophilicity to the surface further enhances osteoblast response at the bone-implant interface. These surface modifications, applied either alone or in combination, improve osseointegration by increasing proliferation and osteoblastic differentiation of osteoprogenitor cells and enhancing angiogenesis while modulating osteoclast activity to achieve net new bone formation, although the specific effects vary with surface treatment. In addition to direct effects on surface-attached cells, the communication between bone marrow stromal cells and immunomodulatory cells is sensitive to these surface properties. This article reports on the advances in titanium surface modifications, alone and in combination with novel therapeutics in animal models of human disease affecting bone quality. It offers clinically translatable perspectives for clinicians to consider when using different surface modification strategies to improve long-term implant performance in compromised patients. This review supports the use of surface modifications, bioactive coatings, and localized therapeutics as pragmatic approaches to improve BIC and enhance osteogenic activity from both structural and molecular standpoints.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Deng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - C. Van Duyn
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - D. J. Cohen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Z. Schwartz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
- Department of Periodontics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - B. D. Boyan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Valdez-Salas B, Castillo-Uribe S, Beltran-Partida E, Curiel-Alvarez M, Perez-Landeros O, Guerra-Balcazar M, Cheng N, Gonzalez-Mendoza D, Flores-Peñaloza O. Recovering Osteoblast Functionality on TiO2 Nanotube Surfaces Under Diabetic Conditions. Int J Nanomedicine 2022; 17:5469-5488. [PMID: 36426372 PMCID: PMC9680990 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s387386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Titanium (Ti) and its alloys (eg, Ti6Al4V) are exceptional treatments for replacing or repairing bones and damaged surrounding tissues. Although Ti-based implants exhibit excellent osteoconductive performance under healthy conditions, the effectiveness and successful clinical achievements are negatively altered in diabetic patients. Concernedly, diabetes mellitus (DM) contributes to osteoblastic dysfunctionality, altering efficient osseointegration. This work investigates the beneficial osteogenic activity conducted by nanostructured TiO2 under detrimental microenvironment conditions, simulated by human diabetic serum. Methods We evaluated the bone-forming functional properties of osteoblasts on synthesized TiO2 nanotubes (NTs) by anodization and Ti6Al4V non-modified alloy surfaces under detrimental diabetic conditions. To simulate the detrimental environment, MC3T3E-1 preosteoblasts were cultured under human diabetic serum (DS) of two diagnosed and metabolically controlled patients. Normal human serum (HS) was used to mimic health conditions and fetal bovine serum (FBS) as the control culture environment. We characterized the matrix mineralization under the detrimental conditions on the control alloy and the NTs. Moreover, we applied immunofluorescence of osteoblasts differentiation markers on the NTs to understand the bone-expression stimulated by the biochemical medium conditions. Results The diabetic conditions depressed the initial osteoblast growth ability, as evidenced by altered early cell adhesion and reduced proliferation. Nonetheless, after three days, the diabetic damage was suppressed by the NTs, enhancing the osteoblast activity. Therefore, the osteogenic markers of bone formation and the differentiation of osteoblasts were reactivated by the nanoconfigured surfaces. Far more importantly, collagen secretion and bone-matrix mineralization were stimulated and conducted to levels similar to those of the control of FBS conditions, in comparison to the control alloy, which was not able to reach similar levels of bone functionality than the NTs. Conclusion Our study brings knowledge for the potential application of nanostructured biomaterials to work as an integrative platform under the detrimental metabolic status present in diabetic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Valdez-Salas
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular y Cáncer, Instituto de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Mexicali, Baja California, México
| | - Sandra Castillo-Uribe
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular y Cáncer, Instituto de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Mexicali, Baja California, México
| | - Ernesto Beltran-Partida
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular y Cáncer, Instituto de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Mexicali, Baja California, México
- Correspondence: Ernesto Beltran-Partida, Laboratorio de Biología Molecular y Cáncer, Instituto de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Blvd. Benito Juárez y Calle de la Normal, Mexicali, Baja California, C.P. 21280, México, Email
| | - Mario Curiel-Alvarez
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular y Cáncer, Instituto de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Mexicali, Baja California, México
| | - Oscar Perez-Landeros
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular y Cáncer, Instituto de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Mexicali, Baja California, México
| | - Minerva Guerra-Balcazar
- Facultad de Ingeniería, División de Investigación y Posgrado, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Querétaro, México
| | | | - Daniel Gonzalez-Mendoza
- Instituto de Ciencias Agrícolas, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Mexicali, Baja California, México
| | - Olivia Flores-Peñaloza
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular y Cáncer, Instituto de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Mexicali, Baja California, México
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Lee Y, Huang J, Bing Z, Yuan K, Yang J, Cai M, Zhou S, Yang B, Teng W, Li W, Wang Y. pH-responsive cinnamaldehyde-TiO 2 nanotube coating: fabrication and functions in a simulated diabetes condition. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2022; 33:63. [PMID: 36065035 PMCID: PMC9444834 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-022-06683-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Current evidence has suggested that diabetes increases the risk of implanting failure, and therefore, appropriate surface modification of dental implants in patients with diabetes is crucial. TiO2 nanotube (TNT) has an osteogenic nanotopography, and its osteogenic properties can be further improved by loading appropriate drugs. Cinnamaldehyde (CIN) has been proven to have osteogenic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-bacterial effects. We fabricated a pH-responsive cinnamaldehyde-TiO2 nanotube coating (TNT-CIN) and hypothesized that this coating will exert osteogenic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-bacterial functions in a simulated diabetes condition. TNT-CIN was constructed by anodic oxidation, hydroxylation, silylation, and Schiff base reaction to bind CIN, and its surface characteristics were determined. Conditions of diabetes and diabetes with a concurrent infection were simulated using 22-mM glucose without and with 1-μg/mL lipopolysaccharide, respectively. The viability and osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, polarization and secretion of macrophages, and resistance to Porphyromonas gingivalis and Streptococcus mutans were evaluated. CIN was bound to the TNT surface successfully and released better in low pH condition. TNT-CIN showed better osteogenic and anti-inflammatory effects and superior bacterial resistance than TNT in a simulated diabetes condition. These findings indicated that TNT-CIN is a promising, multifunctional surface coating for patients with diabetes needing dental implants. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichen Lee
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510055, PR China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, 510055, PR China
| | - Jingyan Huang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510055, PR China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, 510055, PR China
| | - Zhaoxia Bing
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510055, PR China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, 510055, PR China
| | - Kaiting Yuan
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510055, PR China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, 510055, PR China
| | - Jinghong Yang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510055, PR China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, 510055, PR China
| | - Min Cai
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510055, PR China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, 510055, PR China
| | - Shiqi Zhou
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510055, PR China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, 510055, PR China
| | - Bo Yang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510055, PR China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, 510055, PR China
| | - Wei Teng
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510055, PR China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, 510055, PR China
| | - Weichang Li
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510055, PR China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, 510055, PR China.
| | - Yan Wang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510055, PR China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, 510055, PR China.
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Hu W, Yie KHR, Liu C, Zhu J, Huang Z, Zhu B, Zheng D, Yang B, Huang B, Yao L, Liu J, Shen X, Deng Z. Improving the valence self-reversible conversion of cerium nanoparticles on titanium implants by lanthanum doping to enhance ROS elimination and osteogenesis. Dent Mater 2022; 38:1362-1375. [PMID: 35752471 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2022.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Equipped with anti-oxidative properties, cerium oxide nanoparticles (CNPs) are gradually being adopted over the years in the field of oxidative stress research. However, the effects of CNPs may be diminished when under the influence of prolonged and substantially elevated levels of oxidative stress. Therefore, it is imperative to enhance the efficacy of CNPs to resist oxidative stress. In this study, our approach involves the fabrication of titanium surface CNPs coatings doped with different concentrations of lanthanum ions (La3+) and the investigation of their local anti-oxidative stress potential. The physicochemical characterization showed that the La-CNPs groups had a substantial increase in the generation of oxygen vacancies within the CNPs structure with the increase of La doping concentration. In vitro findings proofed that the cytocompatibility of different La-CNPs coatings showed a trend of increasing first and then decreasing with the increase of La doping concentration under oxidative stress microenvironment. Among these groups, the 30 % La-CNPs group presented the best cell proliferation and osteogenic differentiation which could activate the FoxO1 pathway, then upregulated the expression of SOD1 and CAT, and finally resulted in the inhibition of ROS production. In vivo results further confirmed that the 30 % La-CNPs group showed significant osteogenic effects in two rat models (osteoporosis and diabetes models). In conclusion, we believe that the 30 % La-CNPs coating holds promising potential for its implant applications in patients with oxidative stress-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjia Hu
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Kendrick Hii Ru Yie
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Chongxing Liu
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Jinlei Zhu
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Zhuo Huang
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Bingbing Zhu
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Dongyang Zheng
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Bingqian Yang
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Benheng Huang
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Lili Yao
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Jinsong Liu
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China.
| | - Xinkun Shen
- Science and Education Division, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University (Ruian People's Hospital), Wenzhou 325016, China.
| | - Zhennan Deng
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China.
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Liu S, Chen X, Yu M, Li J, Liu J, Xie Z, Gao F, Liu Y. Applications of Titanium Dioxide Nanostructure in Stomatology. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27123881. [PMID: 35745007 PMCID: PMC9229536 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27123881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Breakthroughs in the field of nanotechnology, especially in nanochemistry and nanofabrication technologies, have been attracting much attention, and various nanomaterials have recently been developed for biomedical applications. Among these nanomaterials, nanoscale titanium dioxide (nano-TiO2) has been widely valued in stomatology due to the fact of its excellent biocompatibility, antibacterial activity, and photocatalytic activity as well as its potential use for applications such as dental implant surface modification, tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, drug delivery carrier, dental material additives, and oral tumor diagnosis and treatment. However, the biosafety of nano-TiO2 is controversial and has become a key constraint in the development of nano-TiO2 applications in stomatology. Therefore, in this review, we summarize recent research regarding the applications of nano-TiO2 in stomatology, with an emphasis on its performance characteristics in different fields, and evaluations of the biological security of nano-TiO2 applications. In addition, we discuss the challenges, prospects, and future research directions regarding applications of nano-TiO2 in stomatology that are significant and worthy of further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Liu
- Department of Endodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun 130000, China; (S.L.); (X.C.); (M.Y.); (J.L.); (J.L.); (Z.X.)
| | - Xingzhu Chen
- Department of Endodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun 130000, China; (S.L.); (X.C.); (M.Y.); (J.L.); (J.L.); (Z.X.)
| | - Mingyue Yu
- Department of Endodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun 130000, China; (S.L.); (X.C.); (M.Y.); (J.L.); (J.L.); (Z.X.)
| | - Jianing Li
- Department of Endodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun 130000, China; (S.L.); (X.C.); (M.Y.); (J.L.); (J.L.); (Z.X.)
| | - Jinyao Liu
- Department of Endodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun 130000, China; (S.L.); (X.C.); (M.Y.); (J.L.); (J.L.); (Z.X.)
| | - Zunxuan Xie
- Department of Endodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun 130000, China; (S.L.); (X.C.); (M.Y.); (J.L.); (J.L.); (Z.X.)
| | - Fengxiang Gao
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130000, China
- Correspondence: (F.G.); (Y.L.); Tel.: +86-13756189633 (F.G.); +86-13756466950 (Y.L.)
| | - Yuyan Liu
- Department of Endodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun 130000, China; (S.L.); (X.C.); (M.Y.); (J.L.); (J.L.); (Z.X.)
- Correspondence: (F.G.); (Y.L.); Tel.: +86-13756189633 (F.G.); +86-13756466950 (Y.L.)
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A two-phase and long-lasting multi-antibacterial coating enables titanium biomaterials to prevent implants-related infections. Mater Today Bio 2022; 15:100330. [PMID: 35789634 PMCID: PMC9250043 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2022.100330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In clinical work, the main challenges for titanium (Ti) implantation are bacterial infection and aseptic loosening, which severely affect the survival rate of implants. The first 4 weeks post-operation is the infection peak phase of implants. Inhibiting implant infection caused by bacteria adhesion and proliferation during the early phase as well as promoting subsequent osteointegration is essential for implant success. Herein, we constructed a quaternary ammonium carboxymethyl chitosan (QCMC), collagen (COL Ⅰ) and hydroxyapatite (HAP) multilayers coating on Ti substrates via a modified layer-by-layer (LBL) technique and polymerization of dopamine. The QCMC/COL/HAP coating exhibited a multi-antibacterial property with a two-phase function: (1) At the first 4 weeks post-operation, the covalently bonded QCMC could be slowly degraded and demonstrated both contact-killing and release-killing properties during the infection peak phase; (2) At the second phase, osteogenesis and osseointegration-promotion capabilities were enhanced by HAP under the effective control of infection. The multifilm coating was degraded for more than 45 days under the action of collagenase Ⅰ, and displayed good biocompatibility in vivo and in vitro. Most importantly, the coating exhibited a long-lasting antibacterial activity for more than 3 months, against the main pathogenic bacteria of peri-implant infections. Both in vitro studies and in vivo animal models revealed a desirable osteogenic differentiation capacity of Ti-CCH. Therefore, our study reports a two-phase, long-lasting multi-antibacterial coating on Ti-CCH and indicates potential applications of the modified LBL strategy in orthopaedic fields, which is enlightening for developing practical implant and scaffold materials. Developing a QCMC/COL/HAP multifilm coating via modified layer-by-layer technique and self-polymerization of dopamine. The QCMC/COL/HAP coating exhibited desirable mechanical properties and excellent biocompatibility. The release kinetics endowed the QCMC/COL/HAP coating with multi-antibacterial activity at the first phase after operation. The QCMC/COL/HAP coating could improve osseointegration at the second phase of post-operation.
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Abdulhameed EA, Al-Rawi NH, Omar M, Khalifa N, Samsudin AR. Titanium dioxide dental implants surfaces related oxidative stress in bone remodeling: a systematic review. PeerJ 2022; 10:e12951. [PMID: 35261818 PMCID: PMC8898546 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Titanium dioxide dental implants have a controversial effect on reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. ROS is necessary for cellular signal transmission and proper metabolism, but also has the ability to cause cell death as well as DNA, RNA, and proteins damage by excessive oxidative stress. This study aimed to systematically review the effect of titanium dioxide dental implant-induced oxidative stress and its role on the osteogenesis-angiogenesis coupling in bone remodeling. Methods This systematic review was performed conforming to preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis (PRISMA) model. Four different databases (PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus and Medline databases) as well as manual searching were adopted. Relevant studies from January 2000 till September 2021 were retrieved. Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) was used to assess the quality of the selected studies. Results Out of 755 articles, only 14 which met the eligibility criteria were included. Six studies found that titanium dioxide nanotube (TNT) reduced oxidative stress and promoted osteoblastic activity through its effect on Wnt, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and forkhead box protein O1 (FoxO1) signaling pathways. On the other hand, three studies confirmed that titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2NPs) induce oxidative stress, reduce ostegenesis and impair antioxidant defense system as a significant negative correlation was found between decreased SIR3 protein level and increased superoxide (O2 •-). Moreover, five studies proved that titanium implant alloy enhances the generation of ROS and induces cytotoxicity of osteoblast cells via its effect on NOX pathway. Conclusion TiO2NPs stimulate a wide array of oxidative stress related pathways. Scientific evidence are in favor to support the use of TiO2 nanotube-coated titanium implants to reduce oxidative stress and promote osteogenesis in bone remodeling. To validate the cellular and molecular cross talk in bone remodeling of the present review, well-controlled clinical trials with a large sample size are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaf Akram Abdulhameed
- School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia,Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Natheer H. Al-Rawi
- Oral and Craniofacial Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Marzuki Omar
- School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Nadia Khalifa
- Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - A.B. Rani Samsudin
- Oral and Craniofacial Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
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10
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Li Y, He Y, Chen G, Huang Z, Yi C, Zhang X, Deng F, Yu D. Selenomethionine protects oxidative-stress-damaged bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells via an antioxidant effect and the PTEN/PI3K/AKT pathway. Exp Cell Res 2021; 408:112864. [PMID: 34626586 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2021.112864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Dental implant surgery is currently a routine therapy for the repair of missing dentition or dentition defects. Both clinical and basic research have elucidated that oxidative stress caused by the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) for various reasons impairs the process of osteointegration after dental implantation. Therefore, the osteogenic micro-environment must be ameliorated to decrease the damage caused by oxidative stress. Selenomethionine (SEMET) has been reported to play an important role in alleviating oxidative stress and accelerating cell viability and growth. However, it remains unclear whether it exerts protective effects on bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) under oxidative stress. In this study, we explored the influence of selenomethionine on the viability and osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs under oxidative stress and the underlying mechanisms. Results showed that 1 μM selenomethionine was the optimum concentration for BMSCs under H2O2 stimulation. H2O2-induced oxidative stress suppressed the viability and osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs, manifested by the increases in ROS production and cell apoptosis rates, and by the decrease of osteogenic differentiation-related markers. Notably, the aforementioned oxidative damage and osteogenic dysfunction induced by H2O2 were rescued by selenomethionine. Furthermore, we found that the PTEN expression level was suppressed and its downstream PI3K/AKT pathway was activated by selenomethionine. However, when PTEN was stimulated, the PI3K/AKT pathway was down-regulated, and the protective effects of selenomethionine on BMSC osteogenic differentiation diminished, while the inhibition of PTEN up-regulated the protective effects of selenomethionine. Together, these results revealed that selenomethionine could attenuate H2O2-induced BMSC dysfunction through an antioxidant effect, modulated via the PTEN/PI3K/AKT pathway, suggesting that selenomethionine is a promising antioxidant candidate for reducing oxidative stress during the process of dental implant osteointegration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Li
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, 510055, PR China
| | - Yi He
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, 510055, PR China
| | - Guanhui Chen
- Department of Stomatology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518107, China
| | - Ziqing Huang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, 510055, PR China
| | - Chen Yi
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, 510055, PR China
| | - Xiliu Zhang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, 510055, PR China
| | - Feilong Deng
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, 510055, PR China.
| | - Dongsheng Yu
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, 510055, PR China.
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11
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Vijay R, Mendhi J, Prasad K, Xiao Y, MacLeod J, Ostrikov K(K, Zhou Y. Carbon Nanomaterials Modified Biomimetic Dental Implants for Diabetic Patients. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:2977. [PMID: 34835740 PMCID: PMC8625459 DOI: 10.3390/nano11112977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Dental implants are used broadly in dental clinics as the most natural-looking restoration option for replacing missing or highly diseased teeth. However, dental implant failure is a crucial issue for diabetic patients in need of dentition restoration, particularly when a lack of osseointegration and immunoregulatory incompetency occur during the healing phase, resulting in infection and fibrous encapsulation. Bio-inspired or biomimetic materials, which can mimic the characteristics of natural elements, are being investigated for use in the implant industry. This review discusses different biomimetic dental implants in terms of structural changes that enable antibacterial properties, drug delivery, immunomodulation, and osseointegration. We subsequently summarize the modification of dental implants for diabetes patients utilizing carbon nanomaterials, which have been recently found to improve the characteristics of biomimetic dental implants, including through antibacterial and anti-inflammatory capabilities, and by offering drug delivery properties that are essential for the success of dental implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renjini Vijay
- School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia; (R.V.); (J.M.); (K.P.); (Y.X.)
- Centre for Biomedical Technologies, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia;
| | - Jayanti Mendhi
- School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia; (R.V.); (J.M.); (K.P.); (Y.X.)
- Centre for Biomedical Technologies, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia;
| | - Karthika Prasad
- School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia; (R.V.); (J.M.); (K.P.); (Y.X.)
- School of Engineering, College of Engineering and Computer Science, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia
| | - Yin Xiao
- School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia; (R.V.); (J.M.); (K.P.); (Y.X.)
- Centre for Biomedical Technologies, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia;
- The Australia-China Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine (ACCTERM), Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
| | - Jennifer MacLeod
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Faculty of Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia;
- Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
| | - Kostya (Ken) Ostrikov
- Centre for Biomedical Technologies, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia;
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Faculty of Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia;
- Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
| | - Yinghong Zhou
- School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia; (R.V.); (J.M.); (K.P.); (Y.X.)
- Centre for Biomedical Technologies, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia;
- The Australia-China Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine (ACCTERM), Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
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12
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Gulati K, Zhang Y, Di P, Liu Y, Ivanovski S. Research to Clinics: Clinical Translation Considerations for Anodized Nano-Engineered Titanium Implants. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2021; 8:4077-4091. [PMID: 34313123 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.1c00529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Titania nanotubes (TNTs) fabricated on titanium orthopedic and dental implants have shown significant potential in "proof of concept" in vitro, ex vivo, and short-term in vivo studies. However, most studies do not focus on a clear direction for future research towards clinical translation, and there exists a knowledge gap in identifying key research challenges that must be addressed to progress to the clinical setting. This review focuses on such challenges with respect to anodized titanium implants modified with TNTs, including optimized fabrication on clinically utilized microrough surfaces, clinically relevant bioactivity assessments, and controlled/tailored local release of therapeutics. Further, long-term in vivo investigations in compromised animal models under loading conditions are needed. We also discuss and detail challenges and progress related to the mechanical stability of TNT-based implants, corrosion resistance/electrochemical stability, optimized cleaning/sterilization, packaging/aging, and nanotoxicity concerns. This extensive, clinical translation focused review of TNTs modified Ti implants aims to foster improved understanding of key research gaps and advances, informing future research in this domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karan Gulati
- The University of Queensland, School of Dentistry, Herston, Queensland 4006, Australia
| | - Yifan Zhang
- Department of Oral Implantology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology and National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Diseases and National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology and Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Di
- Department of Oral Implantology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology and National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Diseases and National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology and Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Laboratory of Biomimetic Nanomaterials, Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Sašo Ivanovski
- The University of Queensland, School of Dentistry, Herston, Queensland 4006, Australia
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13
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Huang J, Li R, Yang J, Cai M, Lee Y, Wang A, Cheng B, Wang Y. Bioadaptation of implants to In vitro and In vivo oxidative stress pathological conditions via nanotopography-induced FoxO1 signaling pathways to enhance Osteoimmunal regeneration. Bioact Mater 2021; 6:3164-3176. [PMID: 33778196 PMCID: PMC7970012 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Varieties of pathological conditions, including diabetes, are closely related to oxidative stress (OS), but the osseointegration or bioadaptation of implants to OS and the related mechanism remain poorly explored. In this study, the antioxidation and osteoimmune regeneration of titanium implants with micro/nanotopographies were evaluated under H2O2-, lipopolysaccharide (LPS)- and hyperglycemia-mediated cellular OS models and in diabetic rats as a representative animal model of OS. TiO2 nanotube (TNT) coating on titanium implants directly induced superior osteogenic differentiation of bone mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and osseointegration compared with microscale sand blasted-acid etched topography (SLA) under OS, attributed to higher superoxide dismutase 2 activity, the neutralization of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), and less apoptosis. Mechanistically, the oxidation resistance on TNT is driven by upregulated forkhead box transcription factor O1 (FoxO1), which is abolished after knockdown of FoxO1 via shRNA in MSCs. Indirectly, TNT also alleviates OS in macrophages, therefore inducing a higher portion of the M2 phenotype under OS with increased secretion of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10, further promoting the osseoimmunity capacity compared with SLA. The current study not only suggests the potential application of TiO2 nanotube-coated titanium implants in compromised conditions but also provides a systematic evaluation strategy for the future development of bone biomaterials. H2O2, lipopolysaccharide and hyperglycemia induced cellular oxidative stress models. TiO2 nanotubes promote oxidation resistance and osteogenesis under oxidative stress. TiO2 nanotubes activate forkhead box transcription factor O1 to enhance osteogenesis. TiO2-nanotube-coated implants promote osseointegration in diabetic rats. TiO2 nanotubes induce anti-inflammatory osteoimmunity under oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyan Huang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510055, China
| | - Ruoqi Li
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510055, China
| | - Jinghong Yang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510055, China
| | - Min Cai
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510055, China
| | - Yichen Lee
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510055, China
| | - Anxun Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Bin Cheng
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510055, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510055, China
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14
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Yu M, Wan Y, Ren B, Wang H, Zhang X, Qiu C, Liu A, Liu Z. 3D Printed Ti-6Al-4V Implant with a Micro/Nanostructured Surface and Its Cellular Responses. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:31738-31743. [PMID: 33344827 PMCID: PMC7745418 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c04373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) printing technology has been proved to be a powerful tool for the free-form fabrication of titanium (Ti) implants. However, the surface quality of 3D printed Ti implants is not suitable for clinical application directly. Therefore, surface modification of 3D printed Ti implants is required in order to achieve good biocompatibility and osseointegration. In this study, a novel surface modification method of 3D printed Ti-6Al-4V implants has been proposed, which combined acid etching with hydrothermal treatment to construct micro/nanostructures. Polished TC4 sheets (P), electron beam melting Ti sheets (AE), and micro/nanostructured Ti sheets (AMH) were used in this study to evaluate the effects of different surface morphologies on cellular responses. The surface morphology and 3D topography after treatment were detected via scanning electron microscopy and laser scanning microscopy. The results illustrated that a hierarchical structure comprising micro-valleys and nanowires with a surface roughness of 14.388 μm was successfully constructed. Compared with group P samples, the hydrophilicity of group AMH samples significantly increased with a reduced water contact angle from 54.9° to 4.5°. Cell culture experiments indicated that the micro/nanostructures on the material surface could enhance the cell adhesion and proliferation of MC3T3s. The microstructure could enhance bone-to-implant contact, and the nanostructure could directly interact with some cell membrane receptors. Overall, this study proposes a new strategy to construct micro/nanostructures on the surface of 3D printed Ti-6Al-4V implants and may further serve as a potential modification method for better osteogenesis ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhi Yu
- Key
Laboratory of High Efficiency and Clean Manufacturing, School of Mechanical
Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China
| | - Yi Wan
- Key
Laboratory of High Efficiency and Clean Manufacturing, School of Mechanical
Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China
| | - Bing Ren
- Department
of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Hongwei Wang
- Key
Laboratory of High Efficiency and Clean Manufacturing, School of Mechanical
Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Key
Laboratory of High Efficiency and Clean Manufacturing, School of Mechanical
Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China
| | - Cheng Qiu
- Cheeloo
College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Anqi Liu
- Key
Laboratory of High Efficiency and Clean Manufacturing, School of Mechanical
Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China
| | - Zhanqiang Liu
- Key
Laboratory of High Efficiency and Clean Manufacturing, School of Mechanical
Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China
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