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Chetyrkina MR, Fedorov FS, Nasibulin AG. In vitro toxicity of carbon nanotubes: a systematic review. RSC Adv 2022; 12:16235-16256. [PMID: 35733671 PMCID: PMC9152879 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra02519a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbon nanotube (CNT) toxicity-related issues provoke many debates in the scientific community. The controversial and disputable data about toxicity doses, proposed hazard effects, and human health concerns significantly restrict CNT applications in biomedical studies, laboratory practices, and industry, creating a barrier for mankind in the way of understanding how exactly the material behaves in contact with living systems. Raising the toxicity question again, many research groups conclude low toxicity of the material and its potential safeness at some doses for contact with biological systems. To get new momentum for researchers working on the intersection of the biological field and nanomaterials, i.e., CNT materials, we systematically reviewed existing studies with in vitro toxicological data to propose exact doses that yield toxic effects, summarize studied cell types for a more thorough comparison, the impact of incubation time, and applied toxicity tests. Using several criteria and different scientific databases, we identified and analyzed nearly 200 original publications forming a "golden core" of the field to propose safe doses of the material based on a statistical analysis of retrieved data. We also differentiated the impact of various forms of CNTs: on a substrate and in the form of dispersion because in both cases, some studies demonstrated good biocompatibility of CNTs. We revealed that CNTs located on a substrate had negligible impact, i.e., 90% of studies report good viability and cell behavior similar to control, therefore CNTs could be considered as a prospective conductive substrate for cell cultivation. In the case of dispersions, our analysis revealed mean values of dose/incubation time to be 4-5 μg mL-1 h-1, which suggested the material to be a suitable candidate for further studies to get a more in-depth understanding of its properties in biointerfaces and offer CNTs as a promising platform for fundamental studies in targeted drug delivery, chemotherapy, tissue engineering, biosensing fields, etc. We hope that the present systematic review will shed light on the current knowledge about CNT toxicity, indicate "dark" spots and offer possible directions for the subsequent studies based on the demonstrated here tabulated and statistical data of doses, cell models, toxicity tests, viability, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fedor S Fedorov
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology Nobel Str. 3 143026 Moscow Russia
| | - Albert G Nasibulin
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology Nobel Str. 3 143026 Moscow Russia
- Aalto University FI-00076 15100 Espoo Finland
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Aimonen K, Suhonen S, Hartikainen M, Lopes VR, Norppa H, Ferraz N, Catalán J. Role of Surface Chemistry in the In Vitro Lung Response to Nanofibrillated Cellulose. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:389. [PMID: 33546402 PMCID: PMC7913598 DOI: 10.3390/nano11020389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Wood-derived nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) has emerged as a sustainable material with a wide range of applications and increasing presence in the market. Surface charges are introduced during the preparation of NFC to facilitate the defibrillation process, which may also alter the toxicological properties of NFC. In the present study, we examined the in vitro toxicity of NFCs with five surface chemistries: nonfunctionalized, carboxymethylated, phosphorylated, sulfoethylated, and hydroxypropyltrimethylammonium-substituted. The NFC samples were characterized for surface functional group density, surface charge, and fiber morphology. Fibril aggregates predominated in the nonfunctionalized NFC, while individual nanofibrils were observed in the functionalized NFCs. Differences in surface group density among the functionalized NFCs were reflected in the fiber thickness of these samples. In human bronchial epithelial (BEAS-2B) cells, all NFCs showed low cytotoxicity (CellTiter-GloVR luminescent cell viability assay) which never exceeded 10% at any exposure time. None of the NFCs induced genotoxic effects, as evaluated by the alkaline comet assay and the cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay. The nonfunctionalized and carboxymethylated NFCs were able to increase intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation (chloromethyl derivative of 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate assay). However, ROS induction did not result in increased DNA or chromosome damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kukka Aimonen
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Box 40, Työterveyslaitos, 00032 Helsinki, Finland; (K.A.); (S.S.); (M.H.); (H.N.)
| | - Satu Suhonen
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Box 40, Työterveyslaitos, 00032 Helsinki, Finland; (K.A.); (S.S.); (M.H.); (H.N.)
| | - Mira Hartikainen
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Box 40, Työterveyslaitos, 00032 Helsinki, Finland; (K.A.); (S.S.); (M.H.); (H.N.)
| | - Viviana R. Lopes
- Nanotechnology and Functional Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Uppsala University, Box 35, 751 03 Uppsala, Sweden; (V.R.L.); (N.F.)
| | - Hannu Norppa
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Box 40, Työterveyslaitos, 00032 Helsinki, Finland; (K.A.); (S.S.); (M.H.); (H.N.)
| | - Natalia Ferraz
- Nanotechnology and Functional Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Uppsala University, Box 35, 751 03 Uppsala, Sweden; (V.R.L.); (N.F.)
| | - Julia Catalán
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Box 40, Työterveyslaitos, 00032 Helsinki, Finland; (K.A.); (S.S.); (M.H.); (H.N.)
- Department of Anatomy, Embryology and Genetics, University of Zaragoza, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
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Sano M, Izumiya M, Haniu H, Ueda K, Konishi K, Ishida H, Kuroda C, Uemura T, Aoki K, Matsuda Y, Saito N. Cellular Responses of Human Lymphatic Endothelial Cells to Carbon Nanomaterials. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10071374. [PMID: 32674394 PMCID: PMC7407296 DOI: 10.3390/nano10071374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
One of the greatest challenges to overcome in the pursuit of the medical application of carbon nanomaterials (CNMs) is safety. Particularly, when considering the use of CNMs in drug delivery systems (DDSs), evaluation of safety at the accumulation site is an essential step. In this study, we evaluated the toxicity of carbon nanohorns (CNHs), which are potential DDSs, using human lymph node endothelial cells that have been reported to accumulate CNMs, as a comparison to fibrous, multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and particulate carbon black (CB). The effect of different surface characteristics was also evaluated using two types of CNHs (untreated and oxidized). In the fibrous MWCNT, cell growth suppression, as well as expression of inflammatory cytokine genes was observed, as in previous reports. In contrast, no significant toxicity was observed for particulate CB and CNHs, which was different from the report of CB cytotoxicity in vascular endothelial cells. These results show that (1) lymph endothelial cells need to be tested separately from other endothelial cells for safety evaluation of nanomaterials, and (2) the potential of CNHs as DDSs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahoko Sano
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research, Shinshu University, Nagano 390-8621, Japan; (M.S.); (M.I.); (K.U.); (K.K.); (H.I.); (C.K.); (T.U.); (N.S.)
- Biomedical Engineering Division, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Nagano 390-8621, Japan
| | - Makoto Izumiya
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research, Shinshu University, Nagano 390-8621, Japan; (M.S.); (M.I.); (K.U.); (K.K.); (H.I.); (C.K.); (T.U.); (N.S.)
- Biomedical Engineering Division, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Nagano 390-8621, Japan
| | - Hisao Haniu
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research, Shinshu University, Nagano 390-8621, Japan; (M.S.); (M.I.); (K.U.); (K.K.); (H.I.); (C.K.); (T.U.); (N.S.)
- Biomedical Engineering Division, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Nagano 390-8621, Japan
- Biomedical Engineering Division, Graduate School of Medicine, Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Nagano 390-8621, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-263-37-3555
| | - Katsuya Ueda
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research, Shinshu University, Nagano 390-8621, Japan; (M.S.); (M.I.); (K.U.); (K.K.); (H.I.); (C.K.); (T.U.); (N.S.)
- Biomedical Engineering Division, Graduate School of Medicine, Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Nagano 390-8621, Japan
| | - Kosuke Konishi
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research, Shinshu University, Nagano 390-8621, Japan; (M.S.); (M.I.); (K.U.); (K.K.); (H.I.); (C.K.); (T.U.); (N.S.)
- Biomedical Engineering Division, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Nagano 390-8621, Japan
| | - Haruka Ishida
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research, Shinshu University, Nagano 390-8621, Japan; (M.S.); (M.I.); (K.U.); (K.K.); (H.I.); (C.K.); (T.U.); (N.S.)
- Biomedical Engineering Division, Graduate School of Medicine, Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Nagano 390-8621, Japan
| | - Chika Kuroda
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research, Shinshu University, Nagano 390-8621, Japan; (M.S.); (M.I.); (K.U.); (K.K.); (H.I.); (C.K.); (T.U.); (N.S.)
| | - Takeshi Uemura
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research, Shinshu University, Nagano 390-8621, Japan; (M.S.); (M.I.); (K.U.); (K.K.); (H.I.); (C.K.); (T.U.); (N.S.)
- Division of Gene Research, Research Center for Supports to Advanced Science, Shinshu University, Nagano 390-8621, Japan
| | - Kaoru Aoki
- Physical and Occupational Therapy Division, Graduate School of Medicine, Shinshu University, Nagano 390-8621, Japan;
| | - Yoshikazu Matsuda
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmaceutics, Nihon Pharmaceutical University, Saitama 362-0806, Japan;
| | - Naoto Saito
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research, Shinshu University, Nagano 390-8621, Japan; (M.S.); (M.I.); (K.U.); (K.K.); (H.I.); (C.K.); (T.U.); (N.S.)
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Kuroda C, Ueda K, Haniu H, Ishida H, Okano S, Takizawa T, Sobajima A, Kamanaka T, Yoshida K, Okamoto M, Tsukahara T, Matsuda Y, Aoki K, Kato H, Saito N. Different aggregation and shape characteristics of carbon materials affect biological responses in RAW264 cells. Int J Nanomedicine 2018; 13:6079-6088. [PMID: 30323595 PMCID: PMC6179726 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s172493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have various shapes, including needle-like shapes and curled shapes, and the cytotoxicity and carcinogenicity of CNTs differ depending on their shapes and surface modifications. However, the biological responses induced by CNTs and related mechanisms according to the dispersion state of CNTs have not been extensively studied. Materials and methods We prepared multiwalled CNTs (MWCNTs) showing different dispersions and evaluated these MWCNTs in RAW264 cells to determine cytotoxicity, cellular uptake, and immune responses. Furthermore, RAW264 cells were also used to compare the cellular uptake and cytotoxicity of fibrous MWCNTs and spherical carbon nanohorns (CNHs) exhibiting the same degree of dispersion. Results Our analysis showed that the cellular uptake, localization, and inflammatory responses of MWCNTs differed depending on the dispersion state. Moreover, there were differences in uptake between MWCNTs and CNHs, even showing the same degree of dispersion. These findings suggested that receptors related to cytotoxicity and immune responses differed depending on the aggregated state of MWCNTs and surface modification with a dispersant. Furthermore, our results suggested that the receptors recognized by the cells differed depending on the particle shape. Conclusion Therefore, to apply MWCNTs as a biomaterial, it is important to determine the carcinogenicity and toxicity of the CNTs and to examine different biological responses induced by varying shapes, dispersion states, and surface modifications of particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chika Kuroda
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research, Shinshu University, Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan, .,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Shinshu University, Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan
| | - Katsuya Ueda
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research, Shinshu University, Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan, .,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan,
| | - Hisao Haniu
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research, Shinshu University, Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan, .,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan, .,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Graduate School of Medicine, Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan, .,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan,
| | - Haruka Ishida
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research, Shinshu University, Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan, .,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Graduate School of Medicine, Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan,
| | - Satomi Okano
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research, Shinshu University, Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan, .,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Graduate School of Medicine, Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan,
| | - Takashi Takizawa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan,
| | - Atsushi Sobajima
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan,
| | - Takayuki Kamanaka
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan,
| | - Kazushige Yoshida
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan,
| | - Masanori Okamoto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan,
| | - Tamotsu Tsukahara
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Matsuda
- Clinical Pharmacology Educational Center, Nihon Pharmaceutical University, Komuro, Ina-machi, Saitama, Japan
| | - Kaoru Aoki
- Physical Therapy Division, School of Health Sciences, Shinshu University, Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kato
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan,
| | - Naoto Saito
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research, Shinshu University, Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan, .,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan, .,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Graduate School of Medicine, Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan, .,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan,
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5
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Sinis SI, Hatzoglou C, Gourgoulianis KI, Zarogiannis SG. Carbon Nanotubes and Other Engineered Nanoparticles Induced Pathophysiology on Mesothelial Cells and Mesothelial Membranes. Front Physiol 2018; 9:295. [PMID: 29651248 PMCID: PMC5884948 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanoparticles have great potential for numerous applications due to their unique physicochemical properties. However, concerns have been raised that they may induce deleterious effects on biological systems. There is accumulating evidence that, like asbestos, inhaled nanomaterials of >5 μm and high aspect ratio (3:1), particularly rod-like carbon nanotubes, may inflict pleural disease including mesothelioma. Additionally, a recent set of case reports suggests that inhalation of polyacrylate/nanosilica could in part be associated with inflammation and fibrosis of the pleura of factory workers. However, the adverse outcomes of nanoparticle exposure to mesothelial tissues are still largely unexplored. In that context, the present review aims to provide an overview of the relevant pathophysiological implications involving toxicological studies describing effects of engineered nanoparticles on mesothelial cells and membranes. In vitro studies primarily emphasize on simulating cellular uptake and toxicity of nanotubes on benign or malignant cell lines. On the other hand, in vivo studies focus on illustrating endpoints of serosal pathology in rodent animal models. From a molecular aspect, some nanoparticle categories are shown to be cytotoxic and genotoxic after acute treatment, whereas chronic incubation may lead to malignant-like transformation. At an organism level, a number of fibrous shaped nanotubes are related with features of chronic inflammation and MWCNT-7 is the only type to consistently inflict mesothelioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sotirios I Sinis
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Chrissi Hatzoglou
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Konstantinos I Gourgoulianis
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Sotirios G Zarogiannis
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
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Kuroda C, Haniu H, Ajima K, Tanaka M, Sobajima A, Ishida H, Tsukahara T, Matsuda Y, Aoki K, Kato H, Saito N. The Dispersion State of Tangled Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Affects Their Cytotoxicity. NANOMATERIALS 2016; 6:nano6110219. [PMID: 28335347 PMCID: PMC5245756 DOI: 10.3390/nano6110219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Revised: 11/05/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The medical applications of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have garnered much attention. However, evaluating the safety of CNTs remains difficult, and no consensus has been reached. Moreover, assessing the biosafety of multi-walled CNTs (MWCNTs), which can become tangled during manufacturing, is challenging because they do not readily disperse. We studied how the dispersion state of tangled MWCNTs affects their cytotoxicity, using three sonicators. Flotube 9110 (FT9110), tangled MWCNTs, were dispersed in two dispersants (fetal bovine serum and polysorbate 80) using a new type of sonicator (PR-1) and two conventional sonicators. The size and cytotoxicity of the dispersed FT9110 were measured using the BEAS-2B human bronchial epithelial cell line. The PR-1 dispersed the FT9110 to agglomerates <200 nm in diameter; FT9110 dispersed with the PR-1 did not show cytotoxicity regardless of dispersant. The other sonicators dispersed the FT9110 to particles >1000 nm in diameter, and cytotoxicity depended on the dispersant. We found that excluding cells adhered to agglomerated FT9110 before evaluating cytotoxicity can lead to false-positive results. The PR-1 sonicator dispersed tangled FT9110 to many single fibers, which showed lower cytotoxicity than conventionally-sonicated MWCNTs. We suggest that dispersion state should be accounted for when evaluating the cytotoxicity of MWCNTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chika Kuroda
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research, Shinshu University, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan.
- Physical and Occupational Therapy Division, Graduate School of Medicine, Shinshu University, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan.
| | - Hisao Haniu
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research, Shinshu University, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan.
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan.
- Biomedical Engineering Division, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan.
| | - Kumiko Ajima
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research, Shinshu University, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan.
| | - Manabu Tanaka
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan.
| | - Atsushi Sobajima
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan.
| | - Haruka Ishida
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research, Shinshu University, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan.
- Biomedical Engineering Division, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan.
| | - Tamotsu Tsukahara
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan.
| | - Yoshikazu Matsuda
- Clinical Pharmacology Educational Center, Nihon Pharmaceutical University, 10281 Komuro, Ina-machi, Saitama 362-0806, Japan.
| | - Kaoru Aoki
- Physical and Occupational Therapy Division, Graduate School of Medicine, Shinshu University, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan.
| | - Hiroyuki Kato
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan.
| | - Naoto Saito
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research, Shinshu University, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan.
- Physical and Occupational Therapy Division, Graduate School of Medicine, Shinshu University, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan.
- Biomedical Engineering Division, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan.
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7
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Biological effects of double-walled carbon nanotubes on the innate immune system: An in vitro study on THP-1 human monocytes. Toxicology 2016; 365:1-8. [PMID: 27475286 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2016.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Revised: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
DWCNTs have numerous industrial and biomedical applications and several studies reported that they could act as immunomodulator systems. The immune system is the first line of defence of the human body when exposed to particulate matter. In order to investigate DWCNTs' role on innate immunity, we used THP-1 monocytic cells for the purpose of this study. We showed that DWCNTs were not cytotoxic until 6h, 24h, 48h and 72h of incubation with THP-1 monocytic cells (concentrations tested from 10 to 50μg/mL). From 6h to 72h of incubation of THP-1 cells with DWCNTs, we measured a significant increase of the baseline cell index using xCELLigence(®) technology showing cell adhesion. After 24h of exposure, DWCNTs agglomerates were localized in THP-1 monocyte cytoplasm and cell adhesion was observed simultaneously with a significant increase in the expression of CD11b and CD14 cell surface proteins. Pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α and IL-10) was also measured in supernatants after 6h or 24h of exposure to DWCNTs. This pro-inflammatory response was increased in THP-1 monocytic cells pre-treated with LPS. Altogether, our data indicate that DWCNTs induce an increased pro-inflammatory response of THP-1 monocytes and seem to modulate cell surface protein expression confirming that DWCNTs could act as stimulators of innate immunity.
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Endocytosis of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes in Bronchial Epithelial and Mesothelial Cells. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:793186. [PMID: 26090445 PMCID: PMC4450259 DOI: 10.1155/2015/793186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2014] [Accepted: 12/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Bronchial epithelial cells and mesothelial cells are crucial targets for the safety assessment of inhalation of carbon nanotubes (CNTs), which resemble asbestos particles in shape. Intrinsic properties of multiwalled CNTs (MWCNTs) are known to cause potentially hazardous effects on intracellular and extracellular pathways. These interactions alter cellular signaling and affect major cell functions, resulting in cell death, lysosome injury, reactive oxygen species production, apoptosis, and cytokine release. Furthermore, CNTs are emerging as a novel class of autophagy inducers. Thus, in this study, we focused on the mechanisms of MWCNT uptake into the human bronchial epithelial cells (HBECs) and human mesothelial cells (HMCs). We verified that MWCNTs are actively internalized into HBECs and HMCs and were accumulated in the lysosomes of the cells after 24-hour treatment. Next, we determined which endocytosis pathways (clathrin-mediated, caveolae-mediated, and macropinocytosis) were associated with MWCNT internalization by using corresponding endocytosis inhibitors, in two nonphagocytic cell lines derived from bronchial epithelial cells and mesothelioma cells. Clathrin-mediated endocytosis inhibitors significantly suppressed MWCNT uptake, whereas caveolae-mediated endocytosis and macropinocytosis were also found to be involved in MWCNT uptake. Thus, MWCNTs were positively taken up by nonphagocytic cells, and their cytotoxicity was closely related to these three endocytosis pathways.
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Nymark P, Wijshoff P, Cavill R, van Herwijnen M, Coonen MLJ, Claessen S, Catalán J, Norppa H, Kleinjans JCS, Briedé JJ. Extensive temporal transcriptome and microRNA analyses identify molecular mechanisms underlying mitochondrial dysfunction induced by multi-walled carbon nanotubes in human lung cells. Nanotoxicology 2015; 9:624-35. [PMID: 25831214 DOI: 10.3109/17435390.2015.1017022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Understanding toxicity pathways of engineered nanomaterials (ENM) has recently been brought forward as a key step in twenty-first century ENM risk assessment. Molecular mechanisms linked to phenotypic end points is a step towards the development of toxicity tests based on key events, which may allow for grouping of ENM according to their modes of action. This study identified molecular mechanisms underlying mitochondrial dysfunction in human bronchial epithelial BEAS 2B cells following exposure to one of the most studied multi-walled carbon nanotubes (Mitsui MWCNT-7). Asbestos was used as a positive control and a non-carcinogenic glass wool material was included as a negative fibre control. Decreased mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP↓) was observed for MWCNTs at a biologically relevant dose (0.25 μg/cm(2)) and for asbestos at 2 μg/cm(2), but not for glass wool. Extensive temporal transcriptomic and microRNA expression analyses identified a 330-gene signature (including 26 genes with known mitochondrial function) related to MWCNT- and asbestos-induced MMP↓. Forty-nine of the MMP↓-associated genes showed highly similar expression patterns over time (six time points) and the majority was found to be regulated by two transcription factors strongly involved in mitochondrial homeostasis, APP and NRF1. In addition, four miRNAs were correlated with MMP↓ and one of them, miR-1275, was found to negatively correlate with a large part of the MMP↓-associated genes. Cellular processes such as gluconeogenesis, mitochondrial LC-fatty acid β-oxidation and spindle microtubule function were enriched among the MMP↓-associated genes and miRNAs. These results are expected to be useful in the identification of key events in ENM-related toxicity pathways for the development of molecular screening techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penny Nymark
- Department of Toxicogenomics, Maastricht University , Maastricht , The Netherlands
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10
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Tsukahara T, Matsuda Y, Haniu H. The role of autophagy as a mechanism of toxicity induced by multi-walled carbon nanotubes in human lung cells. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 16:40-8. [PMID: 25546386 PMCID: PMC4307234 DOI: 10.3390/ijms16010040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are promising nanomaterials having unique physical and chemical properties, with applications in a variety of fields. In this review, we briefly summarize the intrinsic properties of highly purified multi-walled CNTs (MWCNTs, HTT2800) and their potential hazardous effects on intracellular and extracellular pathways, which alter cellular signaling and impact major cell functions such as differentiation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, apoptosis, and autophagy. A recent study suggested that the induction of autophagy by CNTs causes nanotoxicity. Autophagy was recently recognized as a critical cell death pathway, and autophagosome accumulation has been found to be associated with exposure to CNTs. Although autophagy is considered as a cytoprotective process, it is often observed in association with cell death, and the relationship between autophagy and cell death remains unclear. Our recent study suggests that the levels of autophagy-related genes (LC3B) and autophagosome formation are clearly up-regulated, along with an increase in numbers of autophagosome vacuoles. This review highlights the importance of autophagy as an emerging mechanism of CNT toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamotsu Tsukahara
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan.
| | - Yoshikaszu Matsuda
- Clinical Pharmacology Educational Center, Nihon Pharmaceutical University, Ina-machi, Saitama 362-0806, Japan.
| | - Hisao Haniu
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research, Shinshu University, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan.
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11
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Snyder RJ, Hussain S, Rice AB, Garantziotis S. Multiwalled carbon nanotubes induce altered morphology and loss of barrier function in human bronchial epithelium at noncytotoxic doses. Int J Nanomedicine 2014; 9:4093-105. [PMID: 25187712 PMCID: PMC4149455 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s65567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) have seen increasing application in consumer products over the past decade, resulting in an increasing risk of human exposure. While numerous toxicological studies have been performed using acute high doses of various carbonaceous nanomaterials, the effects of longer-term, low doses of MWCNTs remain relatively unexplored. This study examined bronchoscopy-derived healthy human bronchial epithelial cells exposed in submerged culture to noncytotoxic doses of MWCNTs over 7 days. Under these conditions, doses as low as 3 μg/mL caused altered cell morphology, superficially resembling fibroblasts. Electrical impedance of the epithelial monolayer was greatly reduced following MWCNT exposure. However, Western blot and polymerase chain reaction showed no elevated expression of the fibroblast markers, vimentin, α-smooth muscle actin, or fibronectin, indicating that a mechanism other than epithelial-mesenchymal transition may be responsible for the changes. Phalloidin and tubulin immunostaining showed disruption of the cytoskeleton, and confocal imaging showed a reduction of the tight junction proteins, zona occludens 1 and occludin. We propose that MWCNTs interfere with the cytoskeleton of the lung epithelium, which can result in a harmful reduction in barrier function over time, even at noncytotoxic doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan J Snyder
- Clinical Research Unit, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences/National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Salik Hussain
- Clinical Research Unit, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences/National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Annette B Rice
- Clinical Research Unit, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences/National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Stavros Garantziotis
- Clinical Research Unit, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences/National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
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12
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Simon A, Maletz SX, Hollert H, Schäffer A, Maes HM. Effects of multiwalled carbon nanotubes and triclocarban on several eukaryotic cell lines: elucidating cytotoxicity, endocrine disruption, and reactive oxygen species generation. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2014; 9:396. [PMID: 25170332 PMCID: PMC4142056 DOI: 10.1186/1556-276x-9-396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Accepted: 08/09/2014] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
To date, only a few reports about studies on toxic effects of carbon nanotubes (CNT) are available, and their results are often controversial. Three different cell lines (rainbow trout liver cells (RTL-W1), human adrenocortical carcinoma cells (T47Dluc), and human adrenocarcinoma cells (H295R)) were exposed to multiwalled carbon nanotubes, the antimicrobial agent triclocarban (TCC) as well as the mixture of both substances in a concentration range of 3.13 to 50 mg CNT/L, 31.25 to 500 μg TCC/L, and 3.13 to 50 mg CNT/L + 1% TCC (percentage relative to carbon nanotubes concentration), respectively. Triclocarban is a high-production volume chemical that is widely used as an antimicrobial compound and is known for its toxicity, hydrophobicity, endocrine disruption, bioaccumulation potential, and environmental persistence. Carbon nanotubes are known to interact with hydrophobic organic compounds. Therefore, triclocarban was selected as a model substance to examine mixture toxicity in this study. The influence of multiwalled carbon nanotubes and triclocarban on various toxicological endpoints was specified: neither cytotoxicity nor endocrine disruption could be observed after exposure of the three cell lines to carbon nanotubes, but the nanomaterial caused intracellular generation of reactive oxygen species in all cell types. For TCC on the other hand, cell vitality of 80% could be observed at a concentration of 2.1 mg/L for treated RTL-W1 cells. A decrease of luciferase activity in the ER Calux assay at a triclocarban concentration of 125 μg/L and higher was observed. This effect was less pronounced when multiwalled carbon nanotubes were present in the medium. Taken together, these results demonstrate that multiwalled carbon nanotubes induce the production of reactive oxygen species in RTL-W1, T47Dluc, and H295R cells, reveal no cytotoxicity, and reduce the bioavailability and toxicity of the biocide triclocarban.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Simon
- Institute for Environmental Research (Biology V), RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - Sibylle X Maletz
- Institute for Environmental Research (Biology V), RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - Henner Hollert
- Institute for Environmental Research (Biology V), RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, Aachen 52074, Germany
- School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Environment of Education Ministry of China, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Andreas Schäffer
- Institute for Environmental Research (Biology V), RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, Aachen 52074, Germany
- School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Environment of Education Ministry of China, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Hanna M Maes
- Institute for Environmental Research (Biology V), RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, Aachen 52074, Germany
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Differences in cytotoxic, genotoxic, and inflammatory response of bronchial and alveolar human lung epithelial cells to pristine and COOH-functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:359506. [PMID: 25147797 PMCID: PMC4131553 DOI: 10.1155/2014/359506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2014] [Accepted: 07/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Functionalized MWCNTs are used in many commercial and biomedical applications, but their potential health effects are not well defined. We investigated and compared cytotoxic, genotoxic/oxidative, and inflammatory effects of pristine and carboxyl MWCNTs exposing human respiratory (A549 and BEAS-2B) cells to 1-40 μg/mL of CNTs for 24 h. Both MWCNTs induced low viability reduction (by WST1 assay) in A549 cells and only MWCNTs-COOH caused high viability reduction in BEAS-2B cells reaching 28.5% viability at 40 μg/mL. Both CNTs induced membrane damage (by LDH assay) with higher effects in BEAS-2B cells at the highest concentrations reaching 20% cytotoxicity at 40 μg/mL. DNA damage (by Fpg-comet assay) was induced by pristine MWCNTs in A549 cells and by both MWCNTs in BEAS-2B cells reaching for MWCNTs-COOH a tail moment of 22.2 at 40 μg/mL versus 10.2 of unexposed cells. Increases of IL-6 and IL-8 release (by ELISA) were detected in A549 cells exposed to MWCNTs-COOH from 10 μg/mL while IL-8 increased in BEAS-2B cells exposed to pristine MWCNTs at 20 and 40 μg/mL. The results show higher cytogenotoxicity of MWCNTs-COOH in bronchial and of pristine MWCNTs in alveolar cells. Different inflammatory response was also found. The findings suggest the use of in vitro models with different end points and cells to study CNT toxicity.
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14
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Mechanisms Underlying Cytotoxicity Induced by Engineered Nanomaterials: A Review of In Vitro Studies. NANOMATERIALS 2014; 4:454-484. [PMID: 28344232 PMCID: PMC5304664 DOI: 10.3390/nano4020454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2014] [Revised: 05/28/2014] [Accepted: 06/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Engineered nanomaterials are emerging functional materials with technologically interesting properties and a wide range of promising applications, such as drug delivery devices, medical imaging and diagnostics, and various other industrial products. However, concerns have been expressed about the risks of such materials and whether they can cause adverse effects. Studies of the potential hazards of nanomaterials have been widely performed using cell models and a range of in vitro approaches. In the present review, we provide a comprehensive and critical literature overview on current in vitro toxicity test methods that have been applied to determine the mechanisms underlying the cytotoxic effects induced by the nanostructures. The small size, surface charge, hydrophobicity and high adsorption capacity of nanomaterial allow for specific interactions within cell membrane and subcellular organelles, which in turn could lead to cytotoxicity through a range of different mechanisms. Finally, aggregating the given information on the relationships of nanomaterial cytotoxic responses with an understanding of its structure and physicochemical properties may promote the design of biologically safe nanostructures.
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Saito N, Haniu H, Usui Y, Aoki K, Hara K, Takanashi S, Shimizu M, Narita N, Okamoto M, Kobayashi S, Nomura H, Kato H, Nishimura N, Taruta S, Endo M. Safe clinical use of carbon nanotubes as innovative biomaterials. Chem Rev 2014; 114:6040-79. [PMID: 24720563 PMCID: PMC4059771 DOI: 10.1021/cr400341h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Naoto Saito
- Institute
for Biomedical Sciences, Shinshu University, Asahi 3-1-1, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan
| | - Hisao Haniu
- Department
of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shinshu University
School of Medicine, Asahi
3-1-1, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan
| | - Yuki Usui
- Department
of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shinshu University
School of Medicine, Asahi
3-1-1, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan
- Research Center for Exotic Nanocarbons, and Faculty of Engineering, Shinshu University, Wakasato 4-17-1, Nagano 380-8553, Japan
| | - Kaoru Aoki
- Department
of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shinshu University
School of Medicine, Asahi
3-1-1, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan
| | - Kazuo Hara
- Department
of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shinshu University
School of Medicine, Asahi
3-1-1, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan
| | - Seiji Takanashi
- Department
of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shinshu University
School of Medicine, Asahi
3-1-1, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan
| | - Masayuki Shimizu
- Department
of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shinshu University
School of Medicine, Asahi
3-1-1, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan
| | - Nobuyo Narita
- Department
of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shinshu University
School of Medicine, Asahi
3-1-1, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan
| | - Masanori Okamoto
- Department
of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shinshu University
School of Medicine, Asahi
3-1-1, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Kobayashi
- Department
of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shinshu University
School of Medicine, Asahi
3-1-1, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan
| | - Hiroki Nomura
- Department
of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shinshu University
School of Medicine, Asahi
3-1-1, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kato
- Department
of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shinshu University
School of Medicine, Asahi
3-1-1, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Nishimura
- R&D
Center, Nakashima Medical Co. Ltd., Haga 5322, Kita-ku, Okayama 701-1221, Japan
| | - Seiichi Taruta
- Research Center for Exotic Nanocarbons, and Faculty of Engineering, Shinshu University, Wakasato 4-17-1, Nagano 380-8553, Japan
| | - Morinobu Endo
- Research Center for Exotic Nanocarbons, and Faculty of Engineering, Shinshu University, Wakasato 4-17-1, Nagano 380-8553, Japan
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16
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Haniu H, Saito N, Matsuda Y, Tsukahara T, Usui Y, Maruyama K, Takanashi S, Aoki K, Kobayashi S, Nomura H, Tanaka M, Okamoto M, Kato H. Biological responses according to the shape and size of carbon nanotubes in BEAS-2B and MESO-1 cells. Int J Nanomedicine 2014; 9:1979-90. [PMID: 24790438 PMCID: PMC4000181 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s58661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the influence of the shape and size of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and cup-stacked carbon nanotubes (CSCNTs) on biological responses in vitro. Three types of MWCNTs – VGCF®-X, VGCF®-S, and VGCF® (vapor grown carbon fibers; with diameters of 15, 80, and 150 nm, respectively) – and three CSCNTs of different lengths (CS-L, 20–80 μm; CS-S, 0.5–20 μm; and CS-M, of intermediate length) were tested. Human bronchial epithelial (BEAS-2B) and malignant pleural mesothelioma cells were exposed to the CNTs (1–50 μg/mL), and cell viability, permeability, uptake, total reactive oxygen species/superoxide production, and intracellular acidity were measured. CSCNTs were less toxic than MWCNTs in both cell types over a 24-hour exposure period. The cytotoxicity of endocytosed MWCNTs varied according to cell type/size, while that of CSCNTs depended on tube length irrespective of cell type. CNT diameter and length influenced cell aggregation and injury extent. Intracellular acidity increased independently of lysosomal activity along with the number of vacuoles in BEAS-2B cells exposed for 24 hours to either CNT (concentration, 10 μg/mL). However, total reactive oxygen species/superoxide generation did not contribute to cytotoxicity. The results demonstrate that CSCNTs could be suitable for biological applications and that CNT shape and size can have differential effects depending on cell type, which can be exploited in the development of highly specialized, biocompatible CNTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisao Haniu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Nagano, Japan ; Insutitute for Biomedical Sciences, Shinshu University, Nagano, Japan
| | - Naoto Saito
- Insutitute for Biomedical Sciences, Shinshu University, Nagano, Japan ; Department of Applied Physical Therapy, Shinshu University School of Health Sciences, Nagano, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Matsuda
- Clinical Pharmacology Educational Center, Nihon Pharmaceutical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Tamotsu Tsukahara
- Department of Hematology and Immunology, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Yuki Usui
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Nagano, Japan ; Research Center for Exotic Nanocarbons, Shinshu University, Nagano, Japan ; Aizawa Hospital, Sports Medicine Center, Nagano, Japan
| | - Kayo Maruyama
- Insutitute for Biomedical Sciences, Shinshu University, Nagano, Japan ; Department of Applied Physical Therapy, Shinshu University School of Health Sciences, Nagano, Japan
| | - Seiji Takanashi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Nagano, Japan
| | - Kaoru Aoki
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Nagano, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Kobayashi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Nagano, Japan
| | - Hiroki Nomura
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Nagano, Japan
| | - Manabu Tanaka
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Nagano, Japan
| | - Masanori Okamoto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Nagano, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kato
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Nagano, Japan
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Highly purified, multi-wall carbon nanotubes induce light-chain 3B expression in human lung cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2013; 440:348-53. [PMID: 24076389 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.09.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2013] [Accepted: 09/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Bronchial epithelial cells are targets of inhalation and play a critical role in the maintenance of mucosal integrity as mechanical barriers against various particles. Our previous result suggest that vapor-grown carbon fiber, HTT2800, which is one of the most highly purified multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) showed cellular uptake of the carbon nanotube, increased cell death, enhanced DNA damage, and induced cytokine release. Increasing evidence suggests that autophagy may critically influence vital cellular processes such as apoptosis, cell proliferation and inflammation and thereby may play a critical role in pulmonary diseases. Autophagy was recently recognized as a critical cell death pathway, and autophagosome accumulation has been found to be associated with the exposure of various nanoparticles. In this study, the authors focus on the autophagic responses of HTT2800 exposure. The HTT2800-exposed cells induced LC3B expression and induced cell growth inhibition.
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18
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Haniu H, Saito N, Matsuda Y, Tsukahara T, Maruyama K, Usui Y, Aoki K, Takanashi S, Kobayashi S, Nomura H, Okamoto M, Shimizu M, Kato H. Culture medium type affects endocytosis of multi-walled carbon nanotubes in BEAS-2B cells and subsequent biological response. Toxicol In Vitro 2013; 27:1679-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2013.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2013] [Revised: 04/08/2013] [Accepted: 04/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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19
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Fonseca-García A, Mota-Morales JD, Quintero-Ortega IA, García-Carvajal ZY, Martínez-López V, Ruvalcaba E, Landa-Solís C, Solis L, Ibarra C, Gutiérrez MC, Terrones M, Sanchez IC, del Monte F, Velasquillo MC, Luna-Bárcenas G. Effect of doping in carbon nanotubes on the viability of biomimetic chitosan-carbon nanotubes-hydroxyapatite scaffolds. J Biomed Mater Res A 2013; 102:3341-51. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.34893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2013] [Revised: 06/20/2013] [Accepted: 07/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abril Fonseca-García
- Polymer & Biopolymer Research Group; Cinvestav Querétaro, Libramiento Norponiente no. 2000 Querétaro QRO 76230 MEXICO
| | - Josué D. Mota-Morales
- Polymer & Biopolymer Research Group; Cinvestav Querétaro, Libramiento Norponiente no. 2000 Querétaro QRO 76230 MEXICO
| | - Iraís A. Quintero-Ortega
- Sciences and Engineering Division; Universidad de Guanajuato; Campus León, Loma del Bosque no. 103, Col. Lomas del Campestre León GTO 37150 MEXICO
| | - Zaira Y. García-Carvajal
- Polymer & Biopolymer Research Group; Cinvestav Querétaro, Libramiento Norponiente no. 2000 Querétaro QRO 76230 MEXICO
| | - V. Martínez-López
- Biotecnología, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación (INR); México DF 14389 MEXICO
| | - Erika Ruvalcaba
- Biotecnología, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación (INR); México DF 14389 MEXICO
| | - Carlos Landa-Solís
- Biotecnología, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación (INR); México DF 14389 MEXICO
| | - Lilia Solis
- Biotecnología, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación (INR); México DF 14389 MEXICO
| | - Clemente Ibarra
- Biotecnología, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación (INR); México DF 14389 MEXICO
| | - María C. Gutiérrez
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC); Cantoblanco 28049 Madrid SPAIN
| | - Mauricio Terrones
- Department of Physics; The Pennsylvania State University; 104 Davey Lab. University Park Pennsylvania 16802
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering & Materials Research Institute; The Pennsylvania State University; 104 Davey Lab. University Park Pennsylvania 16802
- Research Center for Exotic Nanocarbons (JST); Shinshu University; Wakasato 4-17-1 Nagano-city 380-8553 JAPAN
| | - Isaac C. Sanchez
- Department of Chemical Engineering; The University of Texas at Austin; Austin, TX 78712
| | - Francisco del Monte
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC); Cantoblanco 28049 Madrid SPAIN
| | - María C. Velasquillo
- Biotecnología, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación (INR); México DF 14389 MEXICO
| | - G. Luna-Bárcenas
- Polymer & Biopolymer Research Group; Cinvestav Querétaro, Libramiento Norponiente no. 2000 Querétaro QRO 76230 MEXICO
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20
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Nagai H, Toyokuni S. Differences and similarities between carbon nanotubes and asbestos fibers during mesothelial carcinogenesis: shedding light on fiber entry mechanism. Cancer Sci 2012; 103:1378-90. [PMID: 22568550 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2012.02326.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2012] [Accepted: 05/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of nanotechnology represents an important milestone, as it opens the way to a broad spectrum of applications for nanomaterials in the fields of engineering, industry and medicine. One example of nanomaterials that have the potential for widespread use is carbon nanotubes, which have a tubular structure made of graphene sheets. However, there have been concerns that they may pose a potential health risk due to their similarities to asbestos, namely their high biopersistence and needle-like structure. We recently found that despite these similarities, carbon nanotubes and asbestos differ in certain aspects, such as their mechanism of entry into mesothelial cells. In the study, we showed that non-functionalized, multi-walled carbon nanotubes enter mesothelial cells by directly piercing through the cell membrane in a diameter- and rigidity-dependent manner, whereas asbestos mainly enters these cells through the process of endocytosis, which is independent of fiber diameter. In this review, we discuss the key differences, as well as similarities, between asbestos fibers and carbon nanotubes. We also summarize previous reports regarding the mechanism of carbon nanotube entry into non-phagocytic cells. As the entry of fibers into mesothelial cells is a crucial step in mesothelial carcinogenesis, we believe that a comprehensive study on the differences by which carbon nanotubes and asbestos fibers enter into non-phagocytic cells will provide important clues for the safer manufacture of carbon nanotubes through strict regulation on fiber characteristics, such as diameter, surface properties, length and rigidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirotaka Nagai
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
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