1
|
Aneheim E, Hansson E, Timperanza C, Jensen H, Lindegren S. Behaviour, use and safety aspects of astatine-211 solvated in chloroform after dry distillation recovery. Sci Rep 2024; 14:9698. [PMID: 38678056 PMCID: PMC11055885 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-60615-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Targeted alpha therapy of disseminated cancer is an emerging technique where astatine-211 is one of the most promising candidate nuclides. Astatine-211 can be produced in medium energy cyclotrons by alpha particle bombardment of natural bismuth. The produced astatine is then commonly recovered from the irradiated solid target material through dry distillation. The dry distillation process often includes elution and solvation of condensed astatine with chloroform, forming Chloroform Eluate. In this work the handling and safe use of the high activity concentration Chloroform Eluate has been investigated. Correctly performed, evaporation of Chloroform Eluate results in a dry residue with complete recovery of the astatine. The dry residue can then serve as a versatile starting material, using appropriate oxidizing or reducing conditions, for subsequent downstream chemistry. However, it has been found that when evaporating the Chloroform Eluate, astatine can be volatilized if continuing the process beyond the point of dryness. This behavior is more pronounced when the Chloroform Eluate has received a higher absorbed dose. Upon water phase contact of the Chloroform Eluate, a major part of the astatine activity becomes water soluble, leaving the organic phase. A behavior which is also dependent on dose to the solvent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emma Aneheim
- Department of Medical Radiation Sciences, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 41345, Gothenburg, Sweden.
- Department of Oncology, Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, 41345, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Ellinor Hansson
- Department of Medical Radiation Sciences, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 41345, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Atley Solutions AB, 41327, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Chiara Timperanza
- Department of Medical Radiation Sciences, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 41345, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Holger Jensen
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Cyclotron and Radiochemistry unit, Copenhagen University Hospital, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sture Lindegren
- Department of Medical Radiation Sciences, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 41345, Gothenburg, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kappel AD, Jha R, Guggilapu S, Smith WJ, Feroze AH, Dmytriw AA, Vicenty-Padilla J, Alcedo Guardia RE, Gessler FA, Patel NJ, Du R, See AP, Peruzzi PP, Aziz-Sultan MA, Bernstock JD. Endovascular Applications for the Management of High-Grade Gliomas in the Modern Era. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1594. [PMID: 38672676 PMCID: PMC11049132 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16081594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
High-grade gliomas (HGGs) have a poor prognosis and are difficult to treat. This review examines the evolving landscape of endovascular therapies for HGGs. Recent advances in endovascular catheter technology and delivery methods allow for super-selective intra-arterial cerebral infusion (SSIACI) with increasing precision. This treatment modality may offer the ability to deliver anti-tumoral therapies directly to tumor regions while minimizing systemic toxicity. However, challenges persist, including blood-brain barrier (BBB) penetration, hemodynamic complexities, and drug-tumor residence time. Innovative adjunct techniques, such as focused ultrasound (FUS) and hyperosmotic disruption, may facilitate BBB disruption and enhance drug penetration. However, hemodynamic factors that limit drug residence time remain a limitation. Expanding therapeutic options beyond chemotherapy, including radiotherapy and immunobiologics, may motivate future investigations. While preclinical and clinical studies demonstrate moderate efficacy, larger randomized trials are needed to validate the clinical benefits. Additionally, future directions may involve endovascular sampling for peri-tumoral surveillance; changes in drug formulations to prolong residence time; and the exploration of non-pharmaceutical therapies, like radioembolization and photodynamic therapy. Endovascular strategies hold immense potential in reshaping HGG treatment paradigms, offering targeted and minimally invasive approaches. However, overcoming technical challenges and validating clinical efficacy remain paramount for translating these advancements into clinical care.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ari D. Kappel
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (A.D.K.); (S.G.); (R.D.); (A.P.S.)
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Rohan Jha
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (A.D.K.); (S.G.); (R.D.); (A.P.S.)
| | - Saibaba Guggilapu
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (A.D.K.); (S.G.); (R.D.); (A.P.S.)
| | - William J. Smith
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (A.D.K.); (S.G.); (R.D.); (A.P.S.)
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Abdullah H. Feroze
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (A.D.K.); (S.G.); (R.D.); (A.P.S.)
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Adam A. Dmytriw
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (A.D.K.); (S.G.); (R.D.); (A.P.S.)
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Juan Vicenty-Padilla
- Neurosurgery Section, School of Medicine University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan P.O. Box 365067, Puerto Rico (R.E.A.G.)
| | - Rodolfo E. Alcedo Guardia
- Neurosurgery Section, School of Medicine University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan P.O. Box 365067, Puerto Rico (R.E.A.G.)
| | - Florian A. Gessler
- Department of Neurosurgery, Rostock University Hospital, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Nirav J. Patel
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (A.D.K.); (S.G.); (R.D.); (A.P.S.)
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Rose Du
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (A.D.K.); (S.G.); (R.D.); (A.P.S.)
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Alfred P. See
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (A.D.K.); (S.G.); (R.D.); (A.P.S.)
- Department of Neurosurgery, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Pier Paolo Peruzzi
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (A.D.K.); (S.G.); (R.D.); (A.P.S.)
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Mohammad A. Aziz-Sultan
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (A.D.K.); (S.G.); (R.D.); (A.P.S.)
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Joshua D. Bernstock
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (A.D.K.); (S.G.); (R.D.); (A.P.S.)
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Arjuna A, Milborne B, Putra AR, Mulyaningsih TR, Setiawan H, Islam MT, Felfel R, Ahmed I. Development of samarium-doped phosphate glass microspheres for internal radiotheranostic applications. Int J Pharm 2024; 653:123919. [PMID: 38373598 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.123919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Internal radiotherapy delivers radioactive sources inside the body, near to or into malignant tumours, which may be particularly effective when malignancies are not responding to external beam radiotherapy. A pure beta emitter, 90Y, is currently used for internal radiotherapy. However, theranostic radionuclide-doped microspheres can be developed by incorporating 153Sm, which emits therapeutic beta and diagnostic gamma energies. This study investigated the production of high concentrations of samarium-content doped phosphate-based glass microspheres. The glass P60 (i.e. 60P2O5-25CaO-15Na2O) was mixed with Sm2O3 at ratios of 75:25 (G75:Sm25), 50:50 (G50:Sm50) and 25:75 (G25:Sm75) and processed via flame spheroidisation. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) confirmed the microsphere uniformity with significantly high samarium content up to 44 % in G25:Sm75. Via X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, samarium-doped microspheres appeared to be glass-ceramic in nature. Mass-loss, size and pH changes were performed over 28 days, revealing a significant increase in samarium microsphere stability. After 15 min of neutron activation (neutron flux 3.01 × 1013 n.cm-2.s-1), the specific activity of the microspheres (G75:Sm25, G50:Sm50 and G25:Sm75) was 0.28, 0.54 and 0.58 GBq.g-1, respectively. Therefore, the samarium microspheres produced in this study provide great potential for improving internal radiotherapy treatment for liver cancer by avoiding complex procedures and using less microspheres with shorter irradiation time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andi Arjuna
- Advanced Materials Research Group, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar 90245, Indonesia
| | - Ben Milborne
- Advanced Materials Research Group, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Amal Rezka Putra
- Research Organization for Nuclear Energy (ORTN), National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Tangerang Selatan, Banten 15314, Indonesia
| | - Theresia Rina Mulyaningsih
- Research Organization for Nuclear Energy (ORTN), National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Tangerang Selatan, Banten 15314, Indonesia
| | - Herlan Setiawan
- Research Organization for Nuclear Energy (ORTN), National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Tangerang Selatan, Banten 15314, Indonesia
| | - Md Towhidul Islam
- Advanced Materials Research Group, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Reda Felfel
- Advanced Materials Research Group, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Ifty Ahmed
- Advanced Materials Research Group, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Bauckneht M, Ciccarese C, Laudicella R, Mosillo C, D'Amico F, Anghelone A, Strusi A, Beccia V, Bracarda S, Fornarini G, Tortora G, Iacovelli R. Theranostics revolution in prostate cancer: Basics, clinical applications, open issues and future perspectives. Cancer Treat Rev 2024; 124:102698. [PMID: 38359590 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2024.102698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
In the last years, theranostics has expanded the therapeutic options available for prostate cancer patients. In this review, we explore this dynamic field and its potential to revolutionize precision medicine for prostate cancer. We delve into the foundational principles, clinical applications, and emerging opportunities, emphasizing the potential synergy between radioligand therapy and other systemic treatments. Additionally, we address the ongoing challenges, including optimizing patient selection, assessing treatment responses, and determining the role of theranostics within the broader landscape of prostate cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Bauckneht
- Nuclear Medicine, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genova, Genova, Italy.
| | - Chiara Ciccarese
- Medical Oncology, Fondazione Policlinico A. Gemelli IRCCS, Largo Agostino Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Riccardo Laudicella
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morpho-Functional Imaging, University of Messina, 98124 Messina, Italy
| | - Claudia Mosillo
- Oncologia Medica e Traslazionale, Azienda Ospedaliera Santa Maria di Terni, Terni, Italy
| | - Francesca D'Amico
- Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Annunziato Anghelone
- Medical Oncology, Fondazione Policlinico A. Gemelli IRCCS, Largo Agostino Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Strusi
- Medical Oncology, Fondazione Policlinico A. Gemelli IRCCS, Largo Agostino Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Viria Beccia
- Medical Oncology, Fondazione Policlinico A. Gemelli IRCCS, Largo Agostino Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Sergio Bracarda
- Oncologia Medica e Traslazionale, Azienda Ospedaliera Santa Maria di Terni, Terni, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Fornarini
- Medical Oncology 1, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Giampaolo Tortora
- Medical Oncology, Fondazione Policlinico A. Gemelli IRCCS, Largo Agostino Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy; Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Iacovelli
- Medical Oncology, Fondazione Policlinico A. Gemelli IRCCS, Largo Agostino Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy; Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kalaba P, Sanchez de la Rosa C, Möller A, Alewood PF, Muttenthaler M. Targeting the Oxytocin Receptor for Breast Cancer Management: A Niche for Peptide Tracers. J Med Chem 2024; 67:1625-1640. [PMID: 38235665 PMCID: PMC10859963 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c01089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Breast cancer is a leading cause of death in women, and its management highly depends on early disease diagnosis and monitoring. This remains challenging due to breast cancer's heterogeneity and a scarcity of specific biomarkers that could predict responses to therapy and enable personalized treatment. This Perspective describes the diagnostic landscape for breast cancer management, molecular strategies targeting receptors overexpressed in tumors, the theranostic potential of the oxytocin receptor (OTR) as an emerging breast cancer target, and the development of OTR-specific optical and nuclear tracers to study, visualize, and treat tumors. A special focus is on the chemistry and pharmacology underpinning OTR tracer development, preclinical in vitro and in vivo studies, challenges, and future directions. The use of peptide-based tracers targeting upregulated receptors in cancer is a highly promising strategy complementing current diagnostics and therapies and providing new opportunities to improve cancer management and patient survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Predrag Kalaba
- Institute
of Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Andreas Möller
- QIMR
Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland 4006, Australia
- The
Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Paul F. Alewood
- Institute
for Molecular Bioscience, The University
of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Markus Muttenthaler
- Institute
of Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Institute
for Molecular Bioscience, The University
of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Akhmetova DR, Mitusova KA, Postovalova AS, Ivkina AS, Muslimov AR, Zyuzin MV, Shipilovskikh SA, Timin AS. Size-dependent therapeutic efficiency of 223Ra-labeled calcium carbonate carriers for internal radionuclide therapy of breast cancer. Biomater Sci 2024; 12:453-467. [PMID: 38059526 DOI: 10.1039/d3bm01651j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
The size of drug carriers strongly affects their biodistribution, tissue penetration, and cellular uptake in vivo. As a result, when such carriers are loaded with therapeutic compounds, their size can influence the treatment outcomes. For internal α-radionuclide therapy, the carrier size is particularly important, because short-range α-emitters should be delivered to tumor volumes at a high dose rate without any side effects, i.e. off-target irradiation and toxicity. In this work, we aim to evaluate and compare the therapeutic efficiency of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) microparticles (MPs, >2 μm) and nanoparticles (NPs, <100 nm) labeled with radium-223 (223Ra) for internal α-radionuclide therapy against 4T1 breast cancer. To do this, we comprehensively study the internalization and penetration efficiency of these MPs and NPs, using 2D and 3D cell cultures. For further therapeutic tests, we develop and modify a chelator-free method for radiolabeling of CaCO3 MPs and NPs with 223Ra, improving their radiolabeling efficiency (>97%) and radiochemical stability (>97%). After intratumoral injection of 223Ra-labeled MPs and NPs, we demonstrate their different therapeutic efficiencies against a 4T1 tumor. In particular, 223Ra-labeled NPs show a tumor inhibition of approximately 85%, which is higher compared to 60% for 223Ra-labeled MPs. As a result, we can conclude that 223Ra-labeled NPs have a more suitable biodistribution within 4T1 tumors compared to 223Ra-labeled MPs. Thus, our study reveals that 223Ra-labeled CaCO3 NPs are highly promising for internal α-radionuclide therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Darya R Akhmetova
- ITMO University, Lomonosova 9, St. Petersburg 191002, Russian Federation.
- Laboratory of nano- and microencapsulation of biologically active compounds, Peter The Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, Polytechnicheskaya 29, St. Petersburg 195251, Russian Federation
| | - Kseniya A Mitusova
- ITMO University, Lomonosova 9, St. Petersburg 191002, Russian Federation.
- Laboratory of nano- and microencapsulation of biologically active compounds, Peter The Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, Polytechnicheskaya 29, St. Petersburg 195251, Russian Federation
| | - Alisa S Postovalova
- ITMO University, Lomonosova 9, St. Petersburg 191002, Russian Federation.
- Granov Russian Research Center of Radiology & Surgical Technologies, Leningradskaya 70, St. Petersburg 197758, Russian Federation
| | - Arina S Ivkina
- Saint-Petersburg State Chemical-Pharmaceutical University, Professora Popova street 14, St. Petersburg 197376, Russian Federation
| | - Albert R Muslimov
- Laboratory of nano- and microencapsulation of biologically active compounds, Peter The Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, Polytechnicheskaya 29, St. Petersburg 195251, Russian Federation
- Scientific Center for Translational Medicine, Sirius University of Science and Technology, Olympic Ave 1, Sirius 354340, Russian Federation
- Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Akkuratova 2, St. Petersburg 197341, Russia
- RM Gorbacheva Research Institute, Pavlov University, L'va Tolstogo 6-8, St. Petersburg 197022, Russia
| | - Mikhail V Zyuzin
- ITMO University, Lomonosova 9, St. Petersburg 191002, Russian Federation.
| | | | - Alexander S Timin
- ITMO University, Lomonosova 9, St. Petersburg 191002, Russian Federation.
- Laboratory of nano- and microencapsulation of biologically active compounds, Peter The Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, Polytechnicheskaya 29, St. Petersburg 195251, Russian Federation
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Trencsényi G, Csikos C, Képes Z. Targeted Radium Alpha Therapy in the Era of Nanomedicine: In Vivo Results. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:664. [PMID: 38203834 PMCID: PMC10779852 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Targeted alpha-particle therapy using radionuclides with alpha emission is a rapidly developing area in modern cancer treatment. To selectively deliver alpha-emitting isotopes to tumors, targeting vectors, including monoclonal antibodies, peptides, small molecule inhibitors, or other biomolecules, are attached to them, which ensures specific binding to tumor-related antigens and cell surface receptors. Although earlier studies have already demonstrated the anti-tumor potential of alpha-emitting radium (Ra) isotopes-Radium-223 and Radium-224 (223/224Ra)-in the treatment of skeletal metastases, their inability to complex with target-specific moieties hindered application beyond bone targeting. To exploit the therapeutic gains of Ra across a wider spectrum of cancers, nanoparticles have recently been embraced as carriers to ensure the linkage of 223/224Ra to target-affine vectors. Exemplified by prior findings, Ra was successfully bound to several nano/microparticles, including lanthanum phosphate, nanozeolites, barium sulfate, hydroxyapatite, calcium carbonate, gypsum, celestine, or liposomes. Despite the lengthened tumor retention and the related improvement in the radiotherapeutic effect of 223/224Ra coupled to nanoparticles, the in vivo assessment of the radiolabeled nanoprobes is a prerequisite prior to clinical usage. For this purpose, experimental xenotransplant models of different cancers provide a well-suited scenario. Herein, we summarize the latest achievements with 223/224Ra-doped nanoparticles and related advances in targeted alpha radiotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- György Trencsényi
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Translational Imaging, Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei St. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (G.T.); (C.C.)
| | - Csaba Csikos
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Translational Imaging, Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei St. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (G.T.); (C.C.)
- Gyula Petrányi Doctoral School of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei St. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Zita Képes
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Translational Imaging, Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei St. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (G.T.); (C.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Sharma S, Pandey MK. Radiometals in Imaging and Therapy: Highlighting Two Decades of Research. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1460. [PMID: 37895931 PMCID: PMC10610335 DOI: 10.3390/ph16101460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The present article highlights the important progress made in the last two decades in the fields of molecular imaging and radionuclide therapy. Advancements in radiometal-based positron emission tomography, single photon emission computerized tomography, and radionuclide therapy are illustrated in terms of their production routes and ease of radiolabeling. Applications in clinical diagnostic and radionuclide therapy are considered, including human studies under clinical trials; their current stages of clinical translations and findings are summarized. Because the metalloid astatine is used for imaging and radionuclide therapy, it is included in this review. In regard to radionuclide therapy, both beta-minus (β-) and alpha (α)-emitting radionuclides are discussed by highlighting their production routes, targeted radiopharmaceuticals, and current clinical translation stage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mukesh K. Pandey
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Da Ros V, Oddo L, Toumia Y, Guida E, Minosse S, Strigari L, Strolin S, Paolani G, Di Giuliano F, Floris R, Garaci F, Dolci S, Paradossi G, Domenici F. PVA-Microbubbles as a Radioembolization Platform: Formulation and the In Vitro Proof of Concept. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15010217. [PMID: 36678846 PMCID: PMC9862136 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15010217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
This proof-of-concept study lays the foundations for the development of a delivery strategy for radioactive lanthanides, such as Yttrium-90, against recurrent glioblastoma. Our appealing hypothesis is that by taking advantage of the combination of biocompatible polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) microbubbles (MBs) and endovascular radiopharmaceutical infusion, a minimally invasive selective radioembolization can be achieved, which can lead to personalized treatments limiting off-target toxicities for the normal brain. The results show the successful formulation strategy that turns the ultrasound contrast PVA-shelled microbubbles into a microdevice, exhibiting good loading efficiency of Yttrium cargo by complexation with a bifunctional chelator. The selective targeting of Yttrium-loaded MBs on the glioblastoma-associated tumor endothelial cells can be unlocked by the biorecognition between the overexpressed αVβ3 integrin and the ligand Cyclo(Arg-Gly-Asp-D-Phe-Lys) at the PVA microbubble surface. Hence, we show the suitability of PVA MBs as selective Y-microdevices for in situ injection via the smallest (i.e., 1.2F) neurointerventional microcatheter available on the market and the accumulation of PVA MBs on the HUVEC cell line model of integrin overexpression, thereby providing ~6 × 10-15 moles of Y90 per HUVEC cell. We further discuss the potential impact of using such versatile PVA MBs as a new therapeutic chance for treating glioblastoma multiforme recurrence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valerio Da Ros
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University Hospital of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Letizia Oddo
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Yosra Toumia
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Eugenia Guida
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University Hospital of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Minosse
- UOC Diagnostica per Immagini, University Hospital of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Lidia Strigari
- Department of Medical Physics, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero—Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Silvia Strolin
- Department of Medical Physics, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero—Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Giulia Paolani
- Department of Medical Physics, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero—Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesca Di Giuliano
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University Hospital of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Floris
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University Hospital of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Garaci
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University Hospital of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Susanna Dolci
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University Hospital of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Gaio Paradossi
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Domenici
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Katugampola S, Wang J, Prasad A, Sofou S, Howell RW. Predicting response of micrometastases with MIRDcell V3: proof of principle with 225Ac-DOTA encapsulating liposomes that produce different activity distributions in tumor spheroids. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2022; 49:3989-3999. [PMID: 35802160 PMCID: PMC9529908 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-022-05878-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The spatial distribution of radiopharmaceuticals within multicellular clusters is known to have a significant effect on their biological response. Most therapeutic radiopharmaceuticals distribute nonuniformly in tissues which makes predicting responses of micrometastases challenging. The work presented here analyzes published temporally dependent nonuniform activity distributions within tumor spheroids treated with actinium-225-DOTA encapsulating liposomes (225Ac-liposomes) and uses these data in MIRDcell V3.11 to calculate absorbed dose distributions and predict biological response. The predicted responses are compared with experimental responses. METHODS Four types of liposomes were prepared having membranes with different combinations of release (R) and adhesion (A) properties. The combinations were R-A-, R-A+, R+A-, and R+A+. These afford different penetrating properties into tissue. The liposomes were loaded with either carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester (CFDA-SE) or 225Ac. MDA-MB-231 spheroids were treated with the CFDA-SE-liposomes, harvested at different times, and the time-integrated CFDA-SE concentration at each radial position within the spheroid was determined. This was translated into mean 225Ac decays/cell versus radial position, uploaded to MIRDcell, and the surviving fraction of cells in spherical multicellular clusters was simulated. The MIRDcell-predicted surviving fractions were compared with experimental fractional-outgrowths of the spheroids following treatment with 225Ac-liposomes. RESULTS The biological responses of the multicellular clusters treated with 225Ac-liposomes with physicochemical properties R+A+, R-A+, and R-A- were predicted by MIRDcell with statistically significant accuracy. The prediction for R+A- was not predicted accurately. CONCLUSION In most instances, MIRDcell predicts responses of spheroids treated with 225Ac-liposomes that result in different tissue-penetrating profiles of the delivered radionuclides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sumudu Katugampola
- Division of Radiation Research, Department of Radiology and Center for Cell Signaling, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, 205 S. Orange Avenue, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
| | - Jianchao Wang
- Division of Radiation Research, Department of Radiology and Center for Cell Signaling, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, 205 S. Orange Avenue, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
| | - Aprameya Prasad
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Stavroula Sofou
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Roger W Howell
- Division of Radiation Research, Department of Radiology and Center for Cell Signaling, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, 205 S. Orange Avenue, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Xue A, Fan S. Matrices and Affinity Ligands for Antibody Purification and Corresponding Applications in Radiotherapy. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12060821. [PMID: 35740946 PMCID: PMC9221399 DOI: 10.3390/biom12060821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibodies have become an important class of biological products in cancer treatments such as radiotherapy. The growing therapeutic applications have driven a demand for high-purity antibodies. Affinity chromatography with a high affinity and specificity has always been utilized to separate antibodies from complex mixtures. Quality chromatographic components (matrices and affinity ligands) have either been found or generated to increase the purity and yield of antibodies. More importantly, some matrices (mainly particles) and affinity ligands (including design protocols) for antibody purification can act as radiosensitizers or carriers for therapeutic radionuclides (or for radiosensitizers) either directly or indirectly to improve the therapeutic efficiency of radiotherapy. This paper provides a brief overview on the matrices and ligands used in affinity chromatography that are involved in antibody purification and emphasizes their applications in radiotherapy to enrich potential approaches for improving the efficacy of radiotherapy.
Collapse
|
12
|
Stenberg VY, Tornes AJK, Nilsen HR, Revheim ME, Bruland ØS, Larsen RH, Juzeniene A. Factors Influencing the Therapeutic Efficacy of the PSMA Targeting Radioligand 212Pb-NG001. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14112784. [PMID: 35681766 PMCID: PMC9179904 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14112784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is a protein overexpressed in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer and a promising target for targeted radionuclide therapy. PSMA-targeted alpha therapy is of growing interest due to the high-emission energy and short range of alpha particles, resulting in a prominent cytotoxic potency. This study assesses the influence of various factors on the in vitro and in vivo therapeutic efficacy of the alpha particle generating PSMA-targeting radioligand 212Pb-NG001. Abstract This study aimed to determine the influence of cellular PSMA expression, radioligand binding and internalization, and repeated administrations on the therapeutic effects of the PSMA-targeting radioligand 212Pb-NG001. Cellular binding and internalization, cytotoxicity, biodistribution, and the therapeutic efficacy of 212Pb-NG001 were investigated in two human prostate cancer cell lines with different PSMA levels: C4-2 (PSMA+) and PC-3 PIP (PSMA+++). Despite 10-fold higher PSMA expression on PC-3 PIP cells, cytotoxicity and therapeutic efficacy of the radioligand was only 1.8-fold better than for the C4-2 model, possibly explained by lower cellular internalization and less blood-rich stroma in PC-3 PIP xenografts. Mice bearing subcutaneous PC-3 PIP xenografts were treated with 0.2, 0.4, and 0.8 MBq of 212Pb-NG001 that resulted in therapeutic indexes of 2.7, 3.0, and 3.5, respectively. A significant increase in treatment response was observed in mice that received repeated injections compared to the corresponding single dose (therapeutic indexes of 3.6 for 2 × 0.2 MBq and 4.4 for 2 × 0.4 MBq). The results indicate that 212Pb-NG001 can induce therapeutic effects at clinically transferrable doses, both in the C4-2 model that resembles solid tumors and micrometastases with natural PSMA expression and in the PC-3 PIP model that mimics poorly vascularized metastases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vilde Yuli Stenberg
- Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, 0379 Oslo, Norway; (A.J.K.T.); (A.J.)
- Nucligen AS, 0379 Oslo, Norway;
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0318 Oslo, Norway; (M.-E.R.); (Ø.S.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +47-9012-8434
| | - Anna Julie Kjøl Tornes
- Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, 0379 Oslo, Norway; (A.J.K.T.); (A.J.)
- Nucligen AS, 0379 Oslo, Norway;
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0318 Oslo, Norway; (M.-E.R.); (Ø.S.B.)
| | - Hogne Røed Nilsen
- Department of Pathology, Rikshospitalet, Oslo University Hospital, 0372 Oslo, Norway;
| | - Mona-Elisabeth Revheim
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0318 Oslo, Norway; (M.-E.R.); (Ø.S.B.)
- Division of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, 0379 Oslo, Norway
| | - Øyvind Sverre Bruland
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0318 Oslo, Norway; (M.-E.R.); (Ø.S.B.)
- Department of Oncology, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, 0379 Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Asta Juzeniene
- Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, 0379 Oslo, Norway; (A.J.K.T.); (A.J.)
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
An alternative radiochemical separation strategy for isolation of Ac and Ra isotopes from high energy proton irradiated thorium targets for further application in Targeted Alpha Therapy (TAT). Nucl Med Biol 2022; 112-113:35-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2022.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
14
|
Du Y, Cortez A, Josefsson A, Zarisfi M, Krimins R, Liapi E, Nedrow JR. Preliminary evaluation of alpha-emitting radioembolization in animal models of hepatocellular carcinoma. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0261982. [PMID: 35061763 PMCID: PMC8782514 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0261982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma is the most common primary liver cancer and the fifth most frequently diagnosed cancer worldwide. Most patients with advanced disease are offered non-surgical palliative treatment options. This work explores the first alpha-particle emitting radioembolization for the treatment and monitoring of hepatic tumors. Furthermore, this works demonstrates the first in vivo simultaneous multiple-radionuclide SPECT-images of the complex decay chain of an [225Ac]Ac-labeled agent using a clinical SPECT system to monitor the temporal distribution. A DOTA chelator was modified with a lipophilic moiety and radiolabeled with the α-particle emitter Actinium-225. The resulting agent, [225Ac]Ac-DOTA-TDA, was emulsified in ethiodized oil and evaluated in vivo in mouse model and the VX2 rabbit technical model of liver cancer. SPECT imaging was performed to monitor distribution of the TAT agent and the free daughters. The [225Ac]Ac-DOTA-TDA emulsion was shown to retain within the HEP2G tumors and VX2 tumor, with minimal uptake within normal tissue. In the mouse model, significant improvements in overall survival were observed. SPECT-imaging was able to distinguish between the Actinium-225 agent (Francium-221) and the loss of the longer lived daughter, Bismuth-213. An α-particle emitting TARE agent is capable of targeting liver tumors with minimal accumulation in normal tissue, providing a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma as well as a variety of hepatic tumors. In addition, SPECT-imaging presented here supports the further development of imaging methodology and protocols that can be incorporated into the clinic to monitor Actinium-225-labeled agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Du
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology & Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Angel Cortez
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Anders Josefsson
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Mohammadreza Zarisfi
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Rebecca Krimins
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology & Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Eleni Liapi
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology & Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Jessie R. Nedrow
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Farzipour S, Shaghaghi Z, Abbasi S, Albooyeh H, Alvandi M. Recent Achievements about Targeted Alpha Therapy-Based Targeting Vectors and Chelating Agents. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2021; 22:1496-1510. [PMID: 34315393 DOI: 10.2174/1871520621666210727120308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
One of the most rapidly growing options in the management of cancer therapy is Targeted Alpha Therapy (TAT) through which lethal α-emitting radionuclides conjugated to tumor-targeting vectors selectively deliver high amount of radiation to cancer cells.225Ac, 212Bi, 211At, 213Bi, and 223Ra have been investigated by plenty of clinical trials and preclinical researches for the treatment of smaller tumor burdens, micro-metastatic disease, and post-surgery residual disease. In order to send maximum radiation to tumor cells while minimizing toxicity in normal cells, a high affinity of targeting vectors to cancer tissue is essential. Besides that, the stable and specific complex between chelating agent and α-emitters was found as a crucial parameter. The present review was planned to highlight recent achievements about TAT-based targeting vectors and chelating agents and provide further insight for future researches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soghra Farzipour
- Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, Department of Cardiology, Heshmat Hospital, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Zahra Shaghaghi
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Clinical Development Research Unit of Farshchian Heart Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Sahar Abbasi
- Department of Radiology, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hajar Albooyeh
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Alvandi
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Clinical Development Research Unit of Farshchian Heart Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Simon S, Cavalu S, Eniu D, Simon V. Surface properties of collagen-functionalized aluminosilicate particles embedding iron and dysprosium designed for cancer therapy. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.130341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
|
17
|
d’Abadie P, Hesse M, Louppe A, Lhommel R, Walrand S, Jamar F. Microspheres Used in Liver Radioembolization: From Conception to Clinical Effects. Molecules 2021; 26:3966. [PMID: 34209590 PMCID: PMC8271370 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26133966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Inert microspheres, labeled with several radionuclides, have been developed during the last two decades for the intra-arterial treatment of liver tumors, generally called Selective Intrahepatic radiotherapy (SIRT). The aim is to embolize microspheres into the hepatic capillaries, accessible through the hepatic artery, to deliver high levels of local radiation to primary (such as hepatocarcinoma, HCC) or secondary (metastases from several primary cancers, e.g., colorectal, melanoma, neuro-endocrine tumors) liver tumors. Several types of microspheres were designed as medical devices, using different vehicles (glass, resin, poly-lactic acid) and labeled with different radionuclides, 90Y and 166Ho. The relationship between the microspheres' properties and the internal dosimetry parameters have been well studied over the last decade. This includes data derived from the clinics, but also computational data with various millimetric dosimetry and radiobiology models. The main purpose of this paper is to define the characteristics of these radiolabeled microspheres and explain their association with the microsphere distribution in the tissues and with the clinical efficacy and toxicity. This review focuses on avenues to follow in the future to optimize such particle therapy and benefit to patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philippe d’Abadie
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Cliniques Universitaires Saint Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium; (M.H.); (A.L.); (R.L.); (S.W.); (F.J.)
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Calderon LE, Black CA, Rollins JD, Overbay B, Shiferawe S, Elliott A, Reitz S, Liu S, Li J, Ng CK, Ndinguri MW. Synthesis of Radiolabeled Technetium- and Rhenium-Luteinizing Hormone-Releasing Hormone ( 99mTc/Re-Acdien-LHRH) Conjugates for Targeted Detection of Breast Cancer Cells Overexpressing the LHRH Receptor. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:1846-1856. [PMID: 33521425 PMCID: PMC7841779 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c03991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Currently, 186/188Re and 99mTc are widely used radionuclides for cancer detection and diagnosis. New advancements in modalities and targeting strategies of radiopharmaceuticals will provide an opportunity to enhance imagery and detection of smaller colonies of cancer cells while lowering false-positive diagnoses. To understand the chemistry of agents derived from fac-[99mTc(CO)3(H2O)3]+ species, the nonradioactive [Re(CO)3(H2O)3]+ analogue was used. We have designed and synthesized Re-Acdien-LHRH, Re-Acdien-peg-LHRH, and a radiolabeled 99mTc-Acdien-LHRH (rhenium- and technetium-luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone) conjugates using a tridentate linker to detect cancers overexpressing the LHRH receptor. Re-Acdien-LHRH and Re-Acdien-peg-LHRH were synthesized from non-PEGylated and PEGylated LHRH-Acdien, respectively. Cellular uptake of the compounds 99mTc-Acdien-LHRH, Re-Acdien-LHRH, and Re-Acdien-peg-LHRH was found to be significantly enhanced compared to that of untargeted 99mTc alone and unlabeled [Re(CO)3(H2O)3]+. In addition, the conjugate compounds showed no difference in cellular toxicity compared to untargeted 99mTc alone or unlabeled [Re(CO)3(H2O)3]+. Further, a competition assay using LHRH indicated selective targeting of Re-Acdien-peg-LHRH toward the LHRH receptor (p < 0.05) compared to that of [Re(CO)3(H2O)3]+ alone. Together, our data show the design paradigm and synthesis of targeting radionuclides using the LHRH peptide. Our data suggests that utilizing the LHRH peptide can lead to selective targeting and diagnosis of breast cancers expressing the LHRH receptor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay E. Calderon
- Department
of Biology, Eastern Kentucky University, Richmond, Kentucky 40475, United States
| | - Carrie A. Black
- Department
of Chemistry, Eastern Kentucky University, Richmond, Kentucky 40475, United States
| | - Joseph D. Rollins
- Department
of Biology, Eastern Kentucky University, Richmond, Kentucky 40475, United States
| | - Brittany Overbay
- Department
of Chemistry, Eastern Kentucky University, Richmond, Kentucky 40475, United States
| | - Semekidus Shiferawe
- Department
of Biology, Eastern Kentucky University, Richmond, Kentucky 40475, United States
| | - Andrew Elliott
- Department
of Chemistry, Eastern Kentucky University, Richmond, Kentucky 40475, United States
| | - Sara Reitz
- Department
of Chemistry, Eastern Kentucky University, Richmond, Kentucky 40475, United States
| | - Shu Liu
- Department
of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, United States
| | - Junling Li
- Department
of Radiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, United States
| | - Chin K. Ng
- Department
of Radiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, United States
| | - Margaret W. Ndinguri
- Department
of Chemistry, Eastern Kentucky University, Richmond, Kentucky 40475, United States
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Chang Z, Ye JH, Qi F, Fang H, Lin F, Wang S, Mu C, Zhang W, He W. A PEGylated photosensitizer-core pH-responsive polymeric nanocarrier for imaging-guided combination chemotherapy and photodynamic therapy. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj04461j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A novel chemo-photodynamic combined therapeutic self-assembly polymeric platform (MPEG-Hyd-Br2-BODIPY) was constructed which can encapsulate DOX and exhibited an accelerated release rate with decreasing pH value which results in considerable time/dose-dependent cytotoxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhijian Chang
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology
- Nanjing
- P. R. China
| | - Jia-Hai Ye
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology
- Nanjing
- P. R. China
| | - Fen Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing
- P. R. China
| | - Hongbao Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing
- P. R. China
| | - Fuyan Lin
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology
- Nanjing
- P. R. China
| | - Shuai Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology
- Nanjing
- P. R. China
| | - Cancan Mu
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology
- Nanjing
- P. R. China
| | - Wenchao Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology
- Nanjing
- P. R. China
| | - Weijiang He
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing
- P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Mechanistic Insights into Synergy between Melanin-Targeting Radioimmunotherapy and Immunotherapy in Experimental Melanoma. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21228721. [PMID: 33218169 PMCID: PMC7698872 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanoma incidence continues to rise, and while therapeutic approaches for early stage cases are effective, metastatic melanoma continues to be associated with high mortality. Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) has demonstrated clinical success with approved drugs in cohorts of patients with metastatic melanoma and targeted radionuclide therapy strategies showed promise in several clinical trials against various cancers including metastatic melanoma. This led our group to investigate the combination of these two treatments which could be potentially offered to patients with metastatic melanoma not responsive to ICB alone. Previously, we have demonstrated that a combination of humanized anti-melanin antibody conjugated to 213Bismuth and anti-PD-1 ICB reduced tumor growth and increased survival in the Cloudman S91 murine melanoma DBA/2 mouse model. In the current study, we sought to improve the tumoricidal effect by using the long-lived radionuclides 177Lutetium and 225Actinium. Male Cloudman S91-bearing DBA/2 mice were treated intraperitoneally with PBS (Sham), unlabeled antibody to melanin, anti-PD-1 ICB, 177Lutetium or 225Actinium RIT, or a combination of ICB and RIT. Treatment with anti-PD-1 alone or low-dose 177Lutetium RIT alone resulted in modest tumor reduction, while their combination significantly reduced tumor growth and increased survival, suggesting synergy. 225Actinium RIT, alone or in combination with ICB, showed no therapeutic benefit, suggesting that the two radionuclides with different energetic properties work in distinct ways. We did not detect an increase in tumor-infiltrating T cells in the tumor microenvironment, which suggests the involvement of alternative mechanisms that improve the effect of combination therapy beyond that observed in the single therapies.
Collapse
|
21
|
Dosimetry of tumor targeting imaging by convergent X-ray beam as compared with nuclear medicine. Appl Radiat Isot 2020; 167:109451. [PMID: 33059189 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2020.109451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
During decades nuclear medicine procedures, based on radiolabeled agents, have proved to be efficient for diseases diagnosis and treatment. Radiation emerging from patient is detected aimed at localizing radiotracer distribution that is further correlated with biochemical/metabolic physiological processes. However, a significant drawback associated with current nuclear medicine procedures implementing radionuclide infusion regards to the inherent absorbed dose as well as radiopharmaceuticals' production, storage and elimination from patient body, thus representing a risk at patient and public health level. In the recent years, alternative methods have been proposed to reduce/eliminate radionuclides in some nuclear medicine procedures. The combination of high atomic number nanoparticles infused within patient body with incident X-ray beam, like tumor targeting and treatment, appears as a potential alternative method capable of theranostics. The process is based on inducing X-ray fluorescence and secondary electrons emission in high atomic number nanoparticles by means of excitation with an external X-ray beam, avoiding employing radioactive substances. The present work reports on the dosimetry performance of both methods, comparing whenever the external convergent X-ray beam alternative may involve less or larger radiation dose levels, according to comparable signal/image quality during the procedure. To this aim, a simplified theoretical model is proposed and associated Monte Carlo simulations are performed in order to compare typical case of nuclear medicine imaging with potential performance of an innovative method, called OXIRIS (Orthovoltage X-ray Induced Radiation and Integrated System), based on convergent X-ray beam exciting high atomic number nanoparticles infused in patient. The obtained results support the proposed alternative method's feasibility, once demonstrated that patient absorbed dose levels are relative similar to those currently used by nuclear medicine procedures, whereas dose to targeted region (tumor) are significantly higher, which may be useful for treatment purposes.
Collapse
|
22
|
Gupta A, Lee MS, Kim JH, Lee DS, Lee JS. Preclinical Voxel-Based Dosimetry in Theranostics: a Review. Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2020; 54:86-97. [PMID: 32377260 DOI: 10.1007/s13139-020-00640-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the increasing use of preclinical targeted radionuclide therapy (TRT) studies for the development of novel theranostic agents, several studies have been performed to accurately estimate absorbed doses to mice at the voxel level using reference mouse phantoms and Monte Carlo (MC) simulations. Accurate dosimetry is important in preclinical theranostics to interpret radiobiological dose-response relationships and to translate results for clinical use. Direct MC (DMC) simulation is believed to produce more realistic voxel-level dose distribution with high precision because tissue heterogeneities and nonuniform source distributions in patients or animals are considered. Although MC simulation is considered to be an accurate method for voxel-based absorbed dose calculations, it is time-consuming, computationally demanding, and often impractical in daily practice. In this review, we focus on the current status of voxel-based dosimetry methods applied in preclinical theranostics and discuss the need for accurate and fast voxel-based dosimetry methods for pretherapy absorbed dose calculations to optimize the dose computation time in preclinical TRT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arun Gupta
- 1Department of Radiology & Imaging, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal
| | - Min Sun Lee
- 2Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA USA
| | - Joong Hyun Kim
- 3Center for Ionizing Radiation, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Dong Soo Lee
- 4Department of Nuclear Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080 South Korea
| | - Jae Sung Lee
- 4Department of Nuclear Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080 South Korea.,5Interdisciplinary Program in Radiation Applied Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.,6Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Zhang Y, Wu Z, Takashima I, Nguyen KU, Matsumoto N, Lindsey JS. Engineering of an archaeal phosphodiesterase to trigger aggregation-induced emission (AIE) of synthetic substrates. NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj03208e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Aggregation-induced emission (AIE) probes that can be triggered by enzymatic activity are valuable for applications across the life sciences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yunlong Zhang
- Department of Chemistry
- North Carolina State University
- Raleigh
- USA
| | - Zhiyuan Wu
- Department of Chemistry
- North Carolina State University
- Raleigh
- USA
| | - Ippei Takashima
- Department of Chemistry
- North Carolina State University
- Raleigh
- USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Aneheim E, Palm S, Jensen H, Ekberg C, Albertsson P, Lindegren S. Towards elucidating the radiochemistry of astatine - Behavior in chloroform. Sci Rep 2019; 9:15900. [PMID: 31685874 PMCID: PMC6828679 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-52365-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Targeted alpha therapy of disseminated cancer is an emerging technique where astatine-211 is one of the most promising candidate nuclides. Although astatine has been known for over 70 years, its chemistry is still largely unexplored, mainly due to the lack of stable or long-lived isotopes. However, substantial amounts of astatine-211 can be produced in cyclotrons by the bombardment of natural bismuth. The astatine can be recovered from the resulting irradiated target material through either wet extraction or dry-distillation. Chloroform has become an important intermediate solvent for the recovery of astatine after production, especially following dry distillation. In this work, the radiochemistry of astatine in chloroform was investigated using evaporation, solvent extraction, chromatographic methods and molecular modeling. The extraction of astatine in chloroform led to the formation of multiple astatine species, allowing for evaporation of the solvent to dryness without any loss of activity. Radiolysis products of chloroform were shown to play an important role in the speciation of astatine forming both reactive and kinetically stable compounds. It was hypothesized that reactions with chlorine, as well as trichloromethyl hydroperoxide, forming polar astatine compounds are important reactions under the current experimental conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emma Aneheim
- Department of Radiation Physics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy,University of Gothenburg, SE41345, Gothenburg, Sweden. .,Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Department of Oncology, SE41345, Gothenburg, Sweden. .,Department of Energy and Materials - Nuclear Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE41296, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Stig Palm
- Department of Radiation Physics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy,University of Gothenburg, SE41345, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Holger Jensen
- PET and Cyclotron Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital, KF3982, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian Ekberg
- Department of Energy and Materials - Nuclear Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE41296, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Per Albertsson
- Department of Oncology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE41345, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Department of Oncology, SE41345, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Sture Lindegren
- Department of Radiation Physics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy,University of Gothenburg, SE41345, Gothenburg, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Radium-223 dichloride in prostate cancer: proof of principle for the use of targeted alpha treatment in clinical practice. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2019; 47:192-217. [PMID: 31471713 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-019-04475-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To summarise data with radium-223 dichloride (223RaCl2), a mechanism-mediated targeted alpha therapy (TAT), in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) and to chart the development of TAT in mCRPC and in other tumour types. METHODS Literature for this systematic review was identified using a PubMed search: ("targeted alpha therapy" or "targeted alpha particle therapy") or (213-bismuth or bismuth-213 or 213Bi) or (225-actinium or actinium-225 or 225Ac) or (211-astatine or astatine-211 or 211At) or (212-lead or lead-212 or 212Pb) or (227-thorium or thorium-227 or 227Th) or (223-radium or radium-223 or 223Ra or alpharadin) and (malignancy or cancer). Results were limited to English-language publications in humans, with the article type "clinical trial". RESULTS Forty-one publications were included (30 from the literature search and 11 from manual searches/reviews). In clinical trials in mCRPC, 223RaCl2 monotherapy is well tolerated, with significantly longer overall survival than placebo and improved quality of life. Clinical trial data have been reinforced by findings from real-world studies. 223RaCl2 has also shown promise in other tumour types with bone metastases, including advanced breast cancer and advanced renal cell carcinoma (in combination with anti-vascular endothelial growth factor). Several astatine-211- and bismuth-213-labelled molecules have demonstrated anti-tumour activity and acceptable toxicity in other tumour types. CONCLUSIONS 223RaCl2 has demonstrated "proof of concept" for use of TAT in cancer in clinical practice. The efficacy and safety of 223RaCl2 monotherapy have been demonstrated in mCRPC, and 223RaCl2 combination therapies are under investigation in various tumours. TAT has broad applicability across tumour types.
Collapse
|
26
|
Puttemans J, Lahoutte T, D'Huyvetter M, Devoogdt N. Beyond the Barrier: Targeted Radionuclide Therapy in Brain Tumors and Metastases. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:pharmaceutics11080376. [PMID: 31374991 PMCID: PMC6723032 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11080376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain tumors are notoriously difficult to treat. The blood-brain barrier provides a sanctuary site where residual and metastatic cancer cells can evade most therapeutic modalities. The delicate nature of the brain further complicates the decision of eliminating as much tumorous tissue as possible while protecting healthy tissue. Despite recent advances in immunotherapy, radiotherapy and systemic treatments, prognosis of newly diagnosed patients remains dismal, and recurrence is still a universal problem. Several strategies are now under preclinical and clinical investigation to optimize delivery and maximize the cytotoxic potential of pharmaceuticals with regards to brain tumors. This review provides an overview of targeted radionuclide therapy approaches for the treatment of primary brain tumors and brain metastases, with an emphasis on biological targeting moieties that specifically target key biomarkers involved in cancer development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Janik Puttemans
- In Vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging Lab, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Tony Lahoutte
- In Vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging Lab, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
- Nuclear Medicine Department, UZ Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Matthias D'Huyvetter
- In Vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging Lab, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nick Devoogdt
- In Vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging Lab, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Yang G, Wu F, Chen M, Jin J, Wang R, Yuan Y. Formulation design, characterization, and in vitro and in vivo evaluation of nanostructured lipid carriers containing a bile salt for oral delivery of gypenosides. Int J Nanomedicine 2019; 14:2267-2280. [PMID: 31015758 PMCID: PMC6448534 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s194934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Gypenosides (GPS) have been used as traditional medicine for centuries with various pharmacological effects. However, its therapeutic effects were restricted owing to the poor lipid and water solubility and low absorption. This study aimed to develop nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) containing a bile salt formulation (sodium glycocholate, SGC) for GPS, and to evaluate the potential of the GPS-SGC-NLCs as an oral delivery system. Methods The preparation of GPS-SGC-NLCs was investigated using a single-factor test and a central composite design of response surface methodology. In vitro release and pharmacokinetics studies were used to evaluate the dissolution and bioavailability of GPS. Furthermore, In vivo imaging and in situ intestinal perfusion studies were performed to investigate the absorption of the preparations in the gastrointestinal tract. Results The optimised formulation yielded nanoparticles with an approximate diameter of 146.7 nm, polydispersity of 0.137, zeta potential of -56.0 mV, entrapment efficiency of 74.22% and drug loading of 4.89%. An in vitro dissolution analysis revealed the sustained release of contents from GPS-SGC-NLCs over 48 h with 56.4% of the drug released. A pharmacokinetic analysis revealed an 8.5-fold increase of bioavailability of the GPS-SGC-NLCs compared with GPS powder. In vivo imaging and in situ intestinal perfusion studies showed that SGC-NLCs could significantly increase the absorption of GPS in intestinal tract. In vitro cytotoxicity evaluated using Caco-2 cells demonstrated that GPS-SGC-NLCs decrease the cytotoxicity of the drug. Conclusion The SGC-NLC formulation can significantly improve the absorption of GPS, which provides an effective approach for enhancing the oral absorption of drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gang Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China,
| | - Feihua Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China,
| | - Minyan Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China,
| | - Jian Jin
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China,
| | - Rong Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China,
| | - Yongfang Yuan
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China,
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Abstract
α-Particle irradiation of cancerous tissue is increasingly recognized as a potent therapeutic option. We briefly review the physics, radiobiology, and dosimetry of α-particle emitters, as well as the distinguishing features that make them unique for radiopharmaceutical therapy. We also review the emerging clinical role of α-particle therapy in managing cancer and recent studies on in vitro and preclinical α-particle therapy delivered by antibodies, other small molecules, and nanometer-sized particles. In addition to their unique radiopharmaceutical characteristics, the increased availability and improved radiochemistry of α-particle radionuclides have contributed to the growing recent interest in α-particle radiotherapy. Targeted therapy strategies have presented novel possibilities for the use of α-particles in the treatment of cancer. Clinical experience has already demonstrated the safe and effective use of α-particle emitters as potent tumor-selective drugs for the treatment of leukemia and metastatic disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael R McDevitt
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - George Sgouros
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
| | - Stavroula Sofou
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Puente PDL, Fettig N, Luderer MJ, Jin A, Shah S, Muz B, Kapoor V, Goddu SM, Salama NN, Tsien C, Thotala D, Shoghi K, Rogers B, Azab AK. Injectable Hydrogels for Localized Chemotherapy and Radiotherapy in Brain Tumors. J Pharm Sci 2017; 107:922-933. [PMID: 29162424 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2017.10.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Revised: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Overall survival of patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma (GBM) remains dismal at 16 months with state-of-the-art treatment that includes surgical resection, radiation, and chemotherapy. GBM tumors are highly heterogeneous, and mechanisms for overcoming tumor resistance have not yet fully been elucidated. An injectable chitosan hydrogel capable of releasing chemotherapy (temozolomide [TMZ]) while retaining radioactive isotopes agents (iodine, [131I]) was used as a vehicle for localized radiation and chemotherapy, within the surgical cavity. Release from hydrogels loaded with TMZ or 131I was characterized in vitro and in vivo and their efficacy on tumor progression and survival on GBM tumors was also measured. The in vitro release of 131I was negligible over 42 days, whereas the TMZ was completely released over the first 48 h. 131I was completely retained in the tumor bed with negligible distribution in other tissues and that when delivered locally, the chemotherapy accumulated in the tumor at 10-fold higher concentrations than when delivered systemically. We found that the tumors were significantly decreased, and survival was improved in both treatment groups compared to the control group. Novel injectable chemo-radio-hydrogel implants may potentially improve the local control and overall outcome of aggressive, poor prognosis brain tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pilar de la Puente
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110
| | - Nicole Fettig
- Radiology and Biomedical Engineering Department, Preclinical PET/CT Imaging Facility, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110
| | - Micah J Luderer
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110
| | - Abbey Jin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110; Department of Pharmaceutical and Administrative Sciences, St. Louis College of Pharmacy, St. Louis, Missouri 63110
| | - Shruti Shah
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110
| | - Barbara Muz
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110
| | - Vaishali Kapoor
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110
| | - Sreekrishna M Goddu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110
| | - Noha Nabil Salama
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Administrative Sciences, St. Louis College of Pharmacy, St. Louis, Missouri 63110; Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Cairo University Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Christina Tsien
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110; Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110
| | - Dinesh Thotala
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110; Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110
| | - Kooresh Shoghi
- Radiology and Biomedical Engineering Department, Preclinical PET/CT Imaging Facility, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110; Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110
| | - Buck Rogers
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110; Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110
| | - Abdel Kareem Azab
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110; Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Das S, Haedicke K, Grimm J. Cerenkov-Activated Sticky Tag for In Vivo Fluorescence Imaging. J Nucl Med 2017; 59:58-65. [PMID: 28912146 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.117.198549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A big challenge in the clinical use of Cerenkov luminescence (CL) imaging is its low signal intensity, which is several orders of magnitude below ambient light. Consequently, highly sensitive cameras, sufficient shielding from background light, and long acquisition times are required. To alleviate this problem, we hypothesized a strategy to convert the weak CL signal into a stronger fluorescence signal by using CL-activated formation of nitrenes from azides to locally fix a fluorescent probe in tissue by the formation of a covalent bond. CL-activated drug delivery was also evaluated using the same azide chemistry. The specific delivery of the CL-activated drug to cancer cells could reduce systemic toxicity, which is a limitation in chemotherapy. Methods: A cyanine-class near-infrared fluorescent dye, Cy7, and doxorubicin were synthetically attached to polyfluorinated aryl azide to form Cy7 azide and DOX azide, respectively. Fibrosarcoma cells were incubated with 18F-FDG and exposed to Cy7 azide with subsequent fluorescence imaging. For CL-activated tagging in vivo, tumor-bearing mice were injected first with 90Y-DOTA-RGD, targeting αvβ3 integrins, and then with the Cy7 azide. Fluorescence signal was imaged over time. Breast cancer cells were incubated with DOX azide and 68Ga, after which cell viability was quantified using an assay. Results: CL photoactivation of Cy7 azide in vitro showed significantly higher fluorescence signal from 18F-FDG-treated than untreated cells. In vivo, CL photoactivation could be shown by using the tumor-specific, integrin-targeting 90Y-DOTA-RGD and the localized activation of Cy7 azide. Here, localized CL-induced fluorescence was detected in the tumors and remained significantly higher over several days than in tumors without CL. We also established as a next step CL-activated drug delivery of DOX azide by showing significantly decreasing cell viability of breast cancer cells in a CL dose-dependent manner in vitro using CL photoactivation of DOX azide. Conclusion: We were able to develop a CL-activated "sticky tag" that converts the low CL signal into a stable and long-lasting, highly intense fluorescence signal. This fluorescent footprint of the radioactive signal might be clinically used for intraoperative surgery. The CL-targeted drug delivery strategy may potentially be used for dual-step targeted therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sudeep Das
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Katja Haedicke
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Jan Grimm
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York .,Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Pharmacology Program, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York; and.,Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Alpha-particle radiotherapy: For large solid tumors diffusion trumps targeting. Biomaterials 2017; 130:67-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2017.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Revised: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
|
32
|
Nováková Z, Foss CA, Copeland BT, Morath V, Baranová P, Havlínová B, Skerra A, Pomper MG, Barinka C. Novel Monoclonal Antibodies Recognizing Human Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen (PSMA) as Research and Theranostic Tools. Prostate 2017; 77:749-764. [PMID: 28247415 PMCID: PMC7061361 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is a validated target for the imaging and therapy of prostate cancer. Here, we report the detailed characterization of four novel murine monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) recognizing human PSMA as well as PSMA orthologs from different species. METHODS Performance of purified mAbs was assayed using a comprehensive panel of in vitro experimental setups including Western blotting, immunofluorescence, immunohistochemistry, ELISA, flow cytometry, and surface-plasmon resonance. Furthermore, a mouse xenograft model of prostate cancer was used to compare the suitability of the mAbs for in vivo applications. RESULTS All mAbs demonstrate high specificity for PSMA as documented by the lack of cross-reactivity to unrelated human proteins. The 3F11 and 1A11 mAbs bind linear epitopes spanning residues 226-243 and 271-288 of human PSMA, respectively. 3F11 is also suitable for the detection of PSMA orthologs from mouse, pig, dog, and rat in experimental setups where the denatured form of PSMA is used. 5D3 and 5B1 mAbs recognize distinct surface-exposed conformational epitopes and are useful for targeting PSMA in its native conformation. Most importantly, using a mouse xenograft model of prostate cancer we show that both the intact 5D3 and its Fab fragment are suitable for in vivo imaging. CONCLUSIONS With apparent affinities of 0.14 and 1.2 nM as determined by ELISA and flow cytometry, respectively, 5D3 has approximately 10-fold higher affinity for PSMA than the clinically validated mAb J591 and, therefore, is a prime candidate for the development of next-generation theranostics to target PSMA. Prostate 77:749-764, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zora Nováková
- Laboratory of Structural Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Catherine A. Foss
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Benjamin T. Copeland
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Volker Morath
- Munich Center for Integrated Protein Science (CIPS-M) and Lehrstuhl für Biologische Chemie, Technische Universität München, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Petra Baranová
- Laboratory of Structural Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Barbora Havlínová
- Laboratory of Structural Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Arne Skerra
- Munich Center for Integrated Protein Science (CIPS-M) and Lehrstuhl für Biologische Chemie, Technische Universität München, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Martin G. Pomper
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Cyril Barinka
- Laboratory of Structural Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vestec, Czech Republic
- Correspondence to: Dr. Cyril Barinka, Institute of Biotechnology CAS, v.v.i., Laboratory of Structural Biology, Prumyslova 595, 25250 Vestec, Czech Republic.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Gupta B, Ramasamy T, Poudel BK, Pathak S, Regmi S, Choi JY, Son Y, Thapa RK, Jeong JH, Kim JR, Choi HG, Yong CS, Kim JO. Development of Bioactive PEGylated Nanostructured Platforms for Sequential Delivery of Doxorubicin and Imatinib to Overcome Drug Resistance in Metastatic Tumors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:9280-9290. [PMID: 28240860 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b09163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Metastasis of cancers accounts for almost all cancer-related deaths. In this study, we report a PEGylated nanostructured platform for coadministration of doxorubicin (DOX) and imatinib (IMT) intended to effectively inhibit metastatic tumors. The DOX and IMT coloaded nanostructured system (DOX/IMT-N) is characterized by an excellent encapsulation potential for both drugs and shows sequential and sustained drug release in vitro. DOX/IMT-N significantly inhibited the in vitro proliferation of MDA-MB-231 and SK-MEL-28 cells. The inhibitory effect on in vitro proliferation of the cells was significantly greater than the effect of free DOX, DOX/IMT cocktail, or the nanostructured system housing DOX only (DOX-N). DOX/IMT-N remarkably enhanced cellular drug uptake, resulting in enhanced apoptosis, caused by significant increases in the expression levels of apoptotic marker proteins. Intravenous administration of DOX/IMT-N to MBA-MB-231 xenograft tumor-bearing mice resulted in significantly improved inhibition of tumor progression compared to that with DOX, DOX/IMT, or DOX-N. Therefore, the nanostructured DOX/IMT-N system could potentially aid in overcoming drug resistance in metastatic tumors and improve the effectiveness of metastatic tumor therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Biki Gupta
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University , 214-1 Dae-Dong, Gyeongsan 712-749, South Korea
| | - Thiruganesh Ramasamy
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University , 214-1 Dae-Dong, Gyeongsan 712-749, South Korea
| | - Bijay Kumar Poudel
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University , 214-1 Dae-Dong, Gyeongsan 712-749, South Korea
| | - Shiva Pathak
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University , 214-1 Dae-Dong, Gyeongsan 712-749, South Korea
| | - Shobha Regmi
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University , 214-1 Dae-Dong, Gyeongsan 712-749, South Korea
| | - Ju Yeon Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University , 214-1 Dae-Dong, Gyeongsan 712-749, South Korea
| | - Youlim Son
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University , Daegu 705-717, Republic of Korea
| | - Raj Kumar Thapa
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University , 214-1 Dae-Dong, Gyeongsan 712-749, South Korea
| | - Jee-Heon Jeong
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University , 214-1 Dae-Dong, Gyeongsan 712-749, South Korea
| | - Jae Ryong Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University , Daegu 705-717, Republic of Korea
| | - Han-Gon Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hanyang University , 55 Hanyangdaehak-ro, Sangnok-gu, Ansan 426-791, South Korea
| | - Chul Soon Yong
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University , 214-1 Dae-Dong, Gyeongsan 712-749, South Korea
| | - Jong Oh Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University , 214-1 Dae-Dong, Gyeongsan 712-749, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Li T, Dorn HC. Biomedical Applications of Metal-Encapsulated Fullerene Nanoparticles. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2017; 13:1603152. [PMID: 28026111 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201603152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Revised: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The carbonaceous nanomaterials known as metallofullerenes have attracted considerable attention due to their attractive properties. The robust nature of the "Trojan Horse" fullerene cage provides an important structural component, which isolates the metal cluster from the bioenvironment. The large carbon surface area is ideally suited for multiple exo-functionalization approaches to modify the hydrophobic cage for a more hydrophilic bioenvironment. Additionally, peptides and other agents are readily covalently attached to this nanoprobe for targeting applications. The recent progress in developing metallofullerenes for next-generation biomedical applications is described. Of special interest are magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents. Several recent studies reported cumulative gadolinium deposition in the brain and bones of individuals using commercial clinical MRI contrast agents. Gadolinium-based metallofullerenes provide 2-3 orders of magnitude improvement in MRI relaxivity and potentially lower clinical levels of toxic Gd3+ ions deposited. Other potential biomedical applications are also reviewed herein.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tinghui Li
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, 24061, United States
| | - Harry C Dorn
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, 24061, United States
- Virginia Tech Carilion Research Institute, Roanoke, Virginia, 24016, United States
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Satterlee AB, Rojas JD, Dayton PA, Huang L. Enhancing Nanoparticle Accumulation and Retention in Desmoplastic Tumors via Vascular Disruption for Internal Radiation Therapy. Am J Cancer Res 2017; 7:253-269. [PMID: 28042332 PMCID: PMC5197062 DOI: 10.7150/thno.16681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aggressive, desmoplastic tumors are notoriously difficult to treat because of their extensive stroma, high interstitial pressure, and resistant tumor microenvironment. We have developed a combination therapy that can significantly slow the growth of large, stroma-rich tumors by causing massive apoptosis in the tumor center while simultaneously increasing nanoparticle uptake through a treatment-induced increase in the accumulation and retention of nanoparticles in the tumor. The vascular disrupting agent Combretastatin A-4 Phosphate (CA4P) is able to increase the accumulation of radiation-containing nanoparticles for internal radiation therapy, and the retention of these delivered radioisotopes is maintained over several days. We use ultrasound to measure the effect of CA4P in live tumor-bearing mice, and we encapsulate the radio-theranostic isotope 177Lutetium as a therapeutic agent as well as a means to measure nanoparticle accumulation and retention in the tumor. This combination therapy induces prolonged apoptosis in the tumor, decreasing both the fibroblast and total cell density and allowing further tumor growth inhibition using a cisplatin-containing nanoparticle.
Collapse
|
36
|
Radović M, Mirković M, Perić M, Janković D, Vukadinović A, Stanković D, Petrović Đ, Bošković M, Antić B, Marković M, Vranješ-Đurić S. Design and preparation of 90Y-labeled imidodiphosphate- and inositol hexaphosphate-coated magnetic nanoparticles for possible medical applications. J Mater Chem B 2017; 5:8738-8747. [DOI: 10.1039/c7tb02075a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Radiolabeled MNPs for radiotherapy–hyperthermia cancer treatment were designed.
Collapse
|
37
|
Gupta B, Poudel BK, Pathak S, Tak JW, Lee HH, Jeong JH, Choi HG, Yong CS, Kim JO. Effects of Formulation Variables on the Particle Size and Drug Encapsulation of Imatinib-Loaded Solid Lipid Nanoparticles. AAPS PharmSciTech 2016; 17:652-62. [PMID: 26304931 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-015-0384-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Imatinib (IMT), an anticancer agent, inhibits receptor tyrosine kinases and is characterized by poor aqueous solubility, extensive first-pass metabolism, and rapid clearance. The aims of the current study are to prepare imatinib-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (IMT-SLN) and study the effects of associated formulation variables on particle size and drug encapsulation on IMT-SLN using an experimental design. IMT-SLN was optimized by use of a "combo" approach involving Plackett-Burman design (PBD) and Box-Behnken design (BBD). PBD screening resulted in the determination of organic-to-aqueous phase ratio (O/A), drug-to-lipid ratio (D/L), and amount of Tween® 20 (Tw20) as three significant variables for particle size (S z), drug loading (DL), and encapsulation efficiency (EE) of IMT-SLN, which were used for optimization by BBD, yielding an optimized criteria of O/A = 0.04, D/L = 0.03, and Tw20 = 2.50% w/v. The optimized IMT-SLN exhibited monodispersed particles with a size range of 69.0 ± 0.9 nm, ζ-potential of -24.2 ± 1.2 mV, and DL and EE of 2.9 ± 0.1 and 97.6 ± 0.1% w/w, respectively. Results of in vitro release study showed a sustained release pattern, presumably by diffusion and erosion, with a higher release rate at pH 5.0, compared to pH 7.4. In conclusion, use of the combo experimental design approach enabled clear understanding of the effects of various formulation variables on IMT-SLN and aided in the preparation of a system which exhibited desirable physicochemical and release characteristics.
Collapse
|
38
|
Li JJ, Lan KL, Chang SF, Chen YF, Tsai WC, Chiang PH, Lin MH, Fischer WB, Shih YS, Yen SH, Liu RS, Tsay YG, Wang HE, Chang CA. Development and Characterization of the Recombinant Human VEGF-EGF Dual-Targeting Fusion Protein as a Drug Delivery System. Bioconjug Chem 2015; 26:2481-96. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.5b00509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Je Li
- Program
in Molecular Medicine, National Yang-Ming University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, 112
| | | | - Shun-Fu Chang
- Department
of Medical Research and Development, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Chiayi Branch, Chiayi 613, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Hsin-Ell Wang
- Program
in Molecular Medicine, National Yang-Ming University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, 112
| | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Satterlee AB, Yuan H, Huang L. A radio-theranostic nanoparticle with high specific drug loading for cancer therapy and imaging. J Control Release 2015; 217:170-82. [PMID: 26341695 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.08.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Revised: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
We have developed a theranostic nanoparticle delivering the model radionuclide (177)Lu based on the versatile lipid-calcium-phosphate (LCP) nanoparticle delivery platform. Characterization of (177)Lu-LCP has shown that radionuclide loading can be increased by several orders of magnitude without affecting the encapsulation efficiency or the morphology of (177)Lu-LCP, allowing consistency during fabrication and overcoming scale-up barriers typical of nanotherapeutics. The choice of (177)Lu as a model radionuclide has allowed in vivo anticancer therapy in addition to radiographic imaging via the dual decay modes of (177)Lu. Tumor accumulation of (177)Lu-LCP was measured using both SPECT and Cerenkov imaging modalities in live mice, and treatment with just one dose of (177)Lu-LCP showed significant in vivo tumor inhibition in two subcutaneous xenograft tumor models. Microenvironment and cytotoxicity studies suggest that (177)Lu-LCP inhibits tumor growth by causing apoptotic cell death via double-stranded DNA breaks while causing a remodeling of the tumor microenvironment to a more disordered and less malignant phenotype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew B Satterlee
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7571, USA; UNC and NCSU Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Hong Yuan
- Biomedical Research Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7571, USA
| | - Leaf Huang
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7571, USA; UNC and NCSU Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Vectors for the delivery of radiopharmaceuticals in cancer therapeutics. Ther Deliv 2015; 5:893-912. [PMID: 25337647 DOI: 10.4155/tde.14.57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Internal radiation using radiopharmaceuticals promises efficient cancer therapeutics. The specificity and selectivity required for screening and pinpointing tumor cells for cell-kill has been made possible by targeted ligands based on 'magic bullet' and tracer principle- theories nearing a century. Overexpression of certain receptors has been exploited using biomolecules for targeting. The pragmatic analysis, however, is not as promising compared with the theoretical knowledge of available gamut of vectors and targets. The complex interplay of in vitro and in vivo parameters, and the effect of radionuclides involve a systematic assessment of radiopharmaceuticals as diagnostic and therapeutic agent. This review presents different vectors with their pros and cons, present status and recent design variations followed by a future perspective based on novel approaches.
Collapse
|
41
|
Li H, Rychahou PG, Cui Z, Pi F, Evers BM, Shu D, Guo P, Luo W. RNA Nanoparticles Derived from Three-Way Junction of Phi29 Motor pRNA Are Resistant to I-125 and Cs-131 Radiation. Nucleic Acid Ther 2015; 25:188-97. [PMID: 26017686 DOI: 10.1089/nat.2014.0525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation reagents that specifically target tumors are in high demand for the treatment of cancer. The emerging field of RNA nanotechnology might provide new opportunities for targeted radiation therapy. This study investigates whether chemically modified RNA nanoparticles derived from the packaging RNA (pRNA) three-way junction (3WJ) of phi29 DNA-packaging motor are resistant to potent I-125 and Cs-131 radiation, which is a prerequisite for utilizing these RNA nanoparticles as carriers for targeted radiation therapy. pRNA 3WJ nanoparticles were constructed and characterized, and the stability of these nanoparticles under I-125 and Cs-131 irradiation with clinically relevant doses was examined. RNA nanoparticles derived from the pRNA 3WJ targeted tumors specifically and they were stable under irradiation of I-125 and Cs-131 with clinically relevant doses ranging from 1 to 90 Gy over a significantly long time up to 20 days, while control plasmid DNA was damaged at 20 Gy or higher.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- 1 Nanobiotechnology Center, University of Kentucky , Lexington, Kentucky.,2 Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky , Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Piotr G Rychahou
- 3 Department of Surgery, Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky , Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Zheng Cui
- 2 Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky , Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Fengmei Pi
- 1 Nanobiotechnology Center, University of Kentucky , Lexington, Kentucky.,2 Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky , Lexington, Kentucky
| | - B Mark Evers
- 4 Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky , Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Dan Shu
- 1 Nanobiotechnology Center, University of Kentucky , Lexington, Kentucky.,2 Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky , Lexington, Kentucky.,4 Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky , Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Peixuan Guo
- 1 Nanobiotechnology Center, University of Kentucky , Lexington, Kentucky.,2 Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky , Lexington, Kentucky.,4 Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky , Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Wei Luo
- 5 Department of Radiation Medicine, Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky , Lexington, Kentucky
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Gupta B, Poudel BK, Tran TH, Pradhan R, Cho HJ, Jeong JH, Shin BS, Choi HG, Yong CS, Kim JO. Modulation of Pharmacokinetic and Cytotoxicity Profile of Imatinib Base by Employing Optimized Nanostructured Lipid Carriers. Pharm Res 2015; 32:2912-27. [PMID: 25939551 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-015-1673-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2014] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To prepare, optimize and characterize imatinib-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers (IMT-NLC), and evaluate their pharmacokinetic and cytotoxicity characteristics. METHODS IMT-NLC was prepared by hot homogenization method, and optimized by an approach involving Plackett-Burman design (PBD) and central composite design (CCD). An in vivo pharmacokinetic study was conducted in rats after both oral and intravenous administration. The in vitro cytotoxicity was evaluated by MTT assay on NCI-H727 cell-lines. RESULTS PBD screening, followed by optimization by CCD and desirability function, yielded an optimized condition of 0.054, 6% w/w, 2.5% w/w and 1.25% w/v for organic-to-aqueous phase ratio (O/A), drug-to-lipid ratio (D/L), amount of lecithin (Lec) and amount of Tween® 20 (Tw20) respectively. The optimized IMT-NLC exhibited a particle size (Sz) of 148.80 ± 1.37 nm, polydispersity index (PDI) 0.191 ± 0.017 of and ζ-potential of -23.0 ± 1.5 mV, with a drug loading (DL) of 5.48 ± 0.01% and encapsulation efficiency (EE) of 97.93 ± 0.03%. IMT-NLC displayed sustained IMT release in vitro, significantly enhanced in vivo bioavailability of IMT after intravenous and oral administration, and greater in vitro cytotoxicity on NCI-H727 cells, compared with free IMT. CONCLUSION A combined DoE approach enabled accurate optimization and successful preparation of IMT-NLC with enhanced in vivo pharmacokinetic and in vitro cytotoxicity characteristics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Biki Gupta
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, 214-1, Dae-Dong, Gyeongsan, 712-749, South Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Turner PG, O'Sullivan JM. (223)Ra and other bone-targeting radiopharmaceuticals-the translation of radiation biology into clinical practice. Br J Radiol 2015; 88:20140752. [PMID: 25811095 DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20140752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Osseous metastases are a source of significant morbidity for patients with a variety of cancers. Radiotherapy is well established as an effective means of palliating symptoms associated with such metastases. The role of external beam radiotherapy is limited where sites of metastases are numerous and widespread. Low linear energy transfer (LET) radionuclides have been utilized to allow targeted delivery of radiotherapy to disparate sites of disease, with evidence of palliative benefit. More recently, the bone targeting, high LET radionuclide (223)Ra has been shown to not only have a palliative effect but also a survival prolonging effect in metastatic, castration-resistant prostate cancer with bone metastases. This article reviews the different radionuclide-based approaches for targeting bone metastases, with an emphasis on (223)Ra, and key elements of the underlying radiobiology of these that will impact their clinical effectiveness. Consideration is given to the remaining unknowns of both the basic radiobiological and applied clinical effects of (223)Ra as targets for future research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P G Turner
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Nanomedicine to overcome radioresistance in glioblastoma stem-like cells and surviving clones. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2015; 36:236-52. [PMID: 25799457 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2015.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Revised: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Radiotherapy is one of the standard treatments for glioblastoma, but its effectiveness often encounters the phenomenon of radioresistance. This resistance was recently attributed to distinct cell contingents known as glioblastoma stem-like cells (GSCs) and dominant clones. It is characterized in particular by the activation of signaling pathways and DNA repair mechanisms. Recent advances in the field of nanomedicine offer new possibilities for radiosensitizing these cell populations. Several strategies have been developed in this direction, the first consisting of encapsulating a contrast agent or synthesizing metal-based nanocarriers to concentrate the dose gradient at the level of the target tissue. In the second strategy the physicochemical properties of the vectors are used to encapsulate a wide range of pharmacological agents which act in synergy with the ionizing radiation to destroy the cancerous cells. This review reports on the various molecular anomalies present in GSCs and the predominant role of nanomedicines in the development of radiosensitization strategies.
Collapse
|
45
|
Chi HT, Ly BTK, Vu HA, Sato Y, Dung PC, Xinh PT. Synergistic effect of all‑trans retinoic acid in combination with protein kinase C 412 in FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3-mutated acute myeloid leukemia cells. Mol Med Rep 2015; 11:3969-75. [PMID: 25592076 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.3203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Accepted: 11/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogeneous disease. Numerous molecular abnormalities have been identified in AML and, amongst these, FMS‑like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) mutations are one of the most common somatic alterations detected. In the present study, an in vitro investigation was performed to evaluate the effects of all‑trans retinoic acid (ATRA) and PKC412, alone and in combination, in FLT3‑mutated AML cell lines. Trypan blue exclusion test, as well as morphological, western blot and isobologram analyses were conducted. The results indicated that the combined ATRA and PKC412 treatment exhibited additive or synergistic effects in FLT3‑mutated AML cell lines. These results provided in vitro evidence for the future clinical trials evaluating the effects of a combination treatment using PKC412 and ATRA on AML patients with FLT3‑mutations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hoang Thanh Chi
- Department of Molecular Cytogenetics, Blood Transfusion and Hematology Hospital Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City 711512, Vietnam
| | - Bui Thi Kim Ly
- Department of Medical Genome Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108‑8639, Japan
| | - Hoang Anh Vu
- Center for Molecular Biomedicine, The University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City 748908, Vietnam
| | - Yuko Sato
- Japanese Red Cross College of Nursing, Tokyo 150‑0012, Japan
| | - Phu Chi Dung
- Department of First Pediatric Hematology, Blood Transfusion and Hematology Hospital Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City 711512, Vietnam
| | - Phan Thi Xinh
- Department of Molecular Cytogenetics, Blood Transfusion and Hematology Hospital Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City 711512, Vietnam
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Huang FYJ, Lee TW, Chang CH, Chen LC, Hsu WH, Chang CW, Lo JM. Evaluation of 188Re-labeled PEGylated nanoliposome as a radionuclide therapeutic agent in an orthotopic glioma-bearing rat model. Int J Nanomedicine 2015; 10:463-73. [PMID: 25624760 PMCID: PMC4296959 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s75955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE In this study, the (188)Re-labeled PEGylated nanoliposome ((188)Re-liposome) was prepared and evaluated as a therapeutic agent for glioma. MATERIALS AND METHODS The reporter cell line, F98(luc) was prepared via Lentivector expression kit system and used to set up the orthotopic glioma-bearing rat model for non-invasive bioluminescent imaging. The maximum tolerated dose applicable in Fischer344 rats was explored via body weight monitoring of the rats after single intravenous injection of (188)Re-liposome with varying dosages before the treatment study. The OLINDA/EXM 1.1 software was utilized for estimating the radiation dosimetry. To assess the therapeutic efficacy, tumor-bearing rats were intravenously administered (188)Re-liposome or normal saline followed by monitoring of the tumor growth and animal survival time. In addition, the histopathological examinations of tumors were conducted on the (188)Re-liposome-treated rats. RESULTS By using bioluminescent imaging, the well-established reporter cell line (F98(luc)) showed a high relationship between cell number and its bioluminescent intensity (R(2)=0.99) in vitro; furthermore, it could also provide clear tumor imaging for monitoring tumor growth in vivo. The maximum tolerated dose of (188)Re-liposome in Fischer344 rats was estimated to be 333 MBq. According to the dosimetry results, higher equivalent doses were observed in spleen and kidneys while very less were in normal brain, red marrow, and thyroid. For therapeutic efficacy study, the progression of tumor growth in terms of tumor volume and/or tumor weight was significantly slower for the (188)Re-liposome-treated group than the control group (P<0.05). As a result, the lifespan of glioma-bearing rats treated with (188)Re-liposome was prolonged 10.67% compared to the control group. CONCLUSION The radiotherapeutic evaluation by dosimetry and survival studies have demonstrated that passive targeting (188)Re-liposome via systemic administration can significantly prolong the lifespan of orthotopic glioma-bearing rats while maintaining reasonable systemic radiation safety. Therefore, (188)Re-liposome could be a potential therapeutic agent for glioblastoma multiforme treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Yun J Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Te-Wei Lee
- Institute of Nuclear Energy Research, Longtan, Taiwan
| | | | | | - Wei-Hsin Hsu
- Institute of Nuclear Energy Research, Longtan, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Wen Chang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Jem-Mau Lo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Turner PG, O'Sullivan J. Radium-223 dichloride for the treatment of metastatic prostate cancer. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2014; 15:2105-11. [PMID: 25186336 DOI: 10.1517/14656566.2014.955016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Bone metastases are a frequent complication of many malignancies and are particularly common in metastatic prostate cancer, where they are associated with a high degree of morbidity. Until recently, treatments relied on palliative bone targeting measures with no proven survival-prolonging action or on systemic agents with general anti-prostate cancer activity but significant toxicities. Radium-223 dichloride is a bone-seeking, α-emitting, radionuclide that has recently been licensed in the US and Europe for the treatment of men with castration-resistant prostate cancer, bone metastases and no known visceral metastases. Radium-223 is the first bone-seeking radionuclide therapy proven to result in increased overall survival versus placebo. AREAS COVERED The existing market of bone-targeted agents is reviewed before considering what radium-223 adds by examining its pharmacology, pharmacokinetics and clinical efficacy and safety data. Initial relevant papers were identified by searching PubMed using combinations of the terms, 'Radium', 'Prostatic neoplasms', 'Bone', 'Neoplasm metastasis'. EXPERT OPINION Consideration is given to further preclinical work needed into the mechanism of action of radium-223 and future clinical directions of the drug including combinations with other agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philip Geoffrey Turner
- Clinical Research Fellow, Northern Ireland Cancer Centre , 51 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT97AB , UK +44 0 7825871500 ; +44 0 28 90699214 ;
| | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Popwell SJ, Schulz MD, Wagener KB, Batich CD, Milner RJ, Lagmay J, Bolch WE. Synthesis of polymeric phosphonates for selective delivery of radionuclides to osteosarcoma. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2014; 29:273-82. [PMID: 25111903 DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2014.1615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Discussed in detail is the synthesis and primary structure characterization of two polymers aimed at advancing the treatment of pediatric osteosarcoma. These polymers are designed to systemically deliver radiometals specifically to osteosarcomas using the passive targeting mechanism of enhanced permeability and retention (the EPR effect). The approach begins with the synthesis of a polymer capable of binding radiometals, for which prior data show improved site-specific targeting of solid tumors. Building on this success, a second polymer has been designed for improving the efficacy of currently available radionuclide therapies by incorporating the FDA-approved small-molecule ligand Quadramet directly onto the polymer structure. Time-activity curves of the phosphonate-functionalized polymers show rapid clearance from the central compartment and nontargeted organs, with up to 65% of injected activity being excreted within 3 hours. Both polymer ligands demonstrate good osteosarcoma targeting capability with little to no uptake in organs associated with the dose-limiting bone marrow. Additionally, biodistribution studies in nonosseous tumor models demonstrate the tumor targeting mechanism of the polymer ligands, which appears to be influenced by the high affinity of the phosphonate functionality for the positively charged hydroxyapatite mineral found in bone tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sam J Popwell
- 1 Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Florida , Gainesville, FL
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Munley MT, Kagadis GC, McGee KP, Kirov AS, Jang S, Mutic S, Jeraj R, Xing L, Bourland JD. An introduction to molecular imaging in radiation oncology: a report by the AAPM Working Group on Molecular Imaging in Radiation Oncology (WGMIR). Med Phys 2014; 40:101501. [PMID: 24089890 DOI: 10.1118/1.4819818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular imaging is the direct or indirect noninvasive monitoring and recording of the spatial and temporal distribution of in vivo molecular, genetic, and/or cellular processes for biochemical, biological, diagnostic, or therapeutic applications. Molecular images that indicate the presence of malignancy can be acquired using optical, ultrasonic, radiologic, radionuclide, and magnetic resonance techniques. For the radiation oncology physicist in particular, these methods and their roles in molecular imaging of oncologic processes are reviewed with respect to their physical bases and imaging characteristics, including signal intensity, spatial scale, and spatial resolution. Relevant molecular terminology is defined as an educational assist. Current and future clinical applications in oncologic diagnosis and treatment are discussed. National initiatives for the development of basic science and clinical molecular imaging techniques and expertise are reviewed, illustrating research opportunities in as well as the importance of this growing field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael T Munley
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Cornelissen B. Imaging the inside of a tumour: a review of radionuclide imaging and theranostics targeting intracellular epitopes. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2014; 57:310-6. [PMID: 24395330 DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2013] [Accepted: 10/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Molecular imaging of tumour tissue focusses mainly on extracellular epitopes such as tumour angiogenesis or signal transduction receptors expressed on the cell membrane. However, most biological processes that define tumour phenotype occur within the cell. In this mini-review, an overview is given of the various techniques to interrogate intracellular events using molecular imaging with radiolabelled compounds. Additionally, similar targeting techniques can be employed for radionuclide therapy using Auger electron emitters, and recent advances in Auger electron therapy are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bart Cornelissen
- MRC/CRUK Gray Institute for Radiation Oncology and Biology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, UK
| |
Collapse
|