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Liu Z, Jia J, Lei Q, Wei Y, Hu Y, Lian X, Zhao L, Xie X, Bai H, He X, Si L, Livermore C, Kuang R, Zhang Y, Wang J, Yu Z, Ma X, Huang D. Electrohydrodynamic Direct-Writing Micro/Nanofibrous Architectures: Principle, Materials, and Biomedical Applications. Adv Healthc Mater 2024:e2400930. [PMID: 38847291 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202400930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Electrohydrodynamic (EHD) direct-writing has recently gained attention as a highly promising additive manufacturing strategy for fabricating intricate micro/nanoscale architectures. This technique is particularly well-suited for mimicking the extracellular matrix (ECM) present in biological tissue, which serves a vital function in facilitating cell colonization, migration, and growth. The integration of EHD direct-writing with other techniques has been employed to enhance the biological performance of scaffolds, and significant advancements have been made in the development of tailored scaffold architectures and constituents to meet the specific requirements of various biomedical applications. Here, a comprehensive overview of EHD direct-writing is provided, including its underlying principles, demonstrated materials systems, and biomedical applications. A brief chronology of EHD direct-writing is provided, along with an examination of the observed phenomena that occur during the printing process. The impact of biomaterial selection and architectural topographic cues on biological performance is also highlighted. Finally, the major limitations associated with EHD direct-writing are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengjiang Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Research Center for Nano-biomaterials & Regenerative Medicine, College of biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, P. R. China
| | - Jinqiao Jia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Research Center for Nano-biomaterials & Regenerative Medicine, College of biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, P. R. China
| | - Qi Lei
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Research Center for Nano-biomaterials & Regenerative Medicine, College of biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, P. R. China
- Shanxi-Zheda Institute of advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan, 030032, P. R. China
| | - Yan Wei
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Research Center for Nano-biomaterials & Regenerative Medicine, College of biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, P. R. China
- Shanxi-Zheda Institute of advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan, 030032, P. R. China
| | - Yinchun Hu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Research Center for Nano-biomaterials & Regenerative Medicine, College of biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, P. R. China
- Shanxi-Zheda Institute of advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan, 030032, P. R. China
| | - Xiaojie Lian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Research Center for Nano-biomaterials & Regenerative Medicine, College of biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, P. R. China
- Shanxi-Zheda Institute of advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan, 030032, P. R. China
| | - Liqin Zhao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Research Center for Nano-biomaterials & Regenerative Medicine, College of biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, P. R. China
- Shanxi-Zheda Institute of advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan, 030032, P. R. China
| | - Xin Xie
- Xellar Biosystems, Cambridge, MA, 02458, USA
| | - Haiqing Bai
- Xellar Biosystems, Cambridge, MA, 02458, USA
| | - Xiaomin He
- Xellar Biosystems, Cambridge, MA, 02458, USA
| | - Longlong Si
- Key Laboratory of Quantitative Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Carol Livermore
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Rong Kuang
- Zhejiang Institute for Food and Drug Control, Hangzhou, 310000, P. R. China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Biotherapy Center and Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, P. R. China
| | - Jiucun Wang
- Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Zhaoyan Yu
- Shandong Public Health Clinical Center, Shandong University, Jinan, 250000, P. R. China
| | - Xudong Ma
- Cytori Therapeutics LLC., Shanghai, 201802, P. R. China
| | - Di Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Research Center for Nano-biomaterials & Regenerative Medicine, College of biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, P. R. China
- Shanxi-Zheda Institute of advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan, 030032, P. R. China
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Zahran EM, Mohamad SA, Elsayed MM, Hisham M, Maher SA, Abdelmohsen UR, Elrehany M, Desoukey SY, Kamel MS. Ursolic acid inhibits NF-κB signaling and attenuates MMP-9/TIMP-1 in progressive osteoarthritis: a network pharmacology-based analysis. RSC Adv 2024; 14:18296-18310. [PMID: 38863821 PMCID: PMC11165403 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra02780a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease, characterized by infiltration of monocytes into the synovial joint which promotes inflammation, stiffness, joint swelling, cartilage degradation and further bone destruction. The leaves of Ocimum forskolei have been used for inflammation-related disease management in traditional medicine. Additionally, the downregulation of NF-κB and the MMP/TIMP-1 ratio has been shown to protect against OA. The LC-HR-MS metabolic analysis of Ocimum yielded 19 putative compounds, among which ursolic acid (UA) was detected. Ursolic acid possesses significant anti-inflammatory effects and has been reported to downregulate oxidative stress and inflammatory biomarkers. It was tested on rats in a model of intra-articular carrageenan injection to investigate its efficacy on osteoarthritis progression. The UA emulgel exerted chondroprotective, analgesic and local anaesthetic efficacies confirmed via histopathological investigation and radiographical imaging. A network pharmacology followed by molecular docking highlighted TNF-α, TGF-β and NF-κB as the top filtered genes. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis showed that UA significantly attenuated serum levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, NF-κB, MMP-9/TIMP-1 and elevated levels of TGF-β. Taken together, these results suggest that UA could serve as a functional food-derived phytochemical with a multi-targeted efficacy on progression of OA, regulating the immune and inflammatory responses, particularly, attenuating chondrocytes degeneration via suppression of NF-κB and MMP-9/TIMP-1. Accordingly, UA might be a promising alternative to conventional therapy for safe, easily applicable and effective management of OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman Maher Zahran
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University Universities Zone New Minia City 61111 Egypt
| | - Soad A Mohamad
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University Universities Zone New Minia City 61111 Egypt
| | - Mohamed M Elsayed
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University Universities Zone New Minia City 61111 Egypt
| | - Mohamed Hisham
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University Universities Zone New Minia City 61111 Egypt
| | - Sherif A Maher
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, New Valley University New Valley Elkharga 71511 Egypt
| | - Usama Ramadan Abdelmohsen
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University Universities Zone New Minia City 61111 Egypt
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University 61519 Minia Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Elrehany
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University Universities Zone New Minia City 61111 Egypt
| | - Samar Yehia Desoukey
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University 61519 Minia Egypt
| | - Mohamed Salah Kamel
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University 61519 Minia Egypt
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Elmaidomy AH, Abdel-Maqsoud NMR, Tammam OY, Abdel-Rahman IM, Elrehany MA, Bakhsh HT, Altemani FH, Algehainy NA, Alzubaidi MA, Alsenani F, Sayed AM, Abdelmohsen UR, Zahran EM. Egyptian mandarin peel oil's anti-scabies potential via downregulation-of-inflammatory/immune-cross-talk: GC-MS and PPI network studies. Sci Rep 2023; 13:14192. [PMID: 37648727 PMCID: PMC10469216 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38390-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The current study investigated the scabicidal potential of Egyptian mandarin peel oil (Citrus reticulata Blanco, F. Rutaceae) against sarcoptic mange-in-rabbits. Analysis of the oil's GC-MS identified a total of 20 compounds, accounting for 98.91% of all compounds found. Mandarin peel oil topical application improved all signs of infection, causing a scabicidal effect three days later, whereas in vitro application caused complete mite mortality one day later. In comparison to ivermectin, histopathological analysis showed that the epidermis' inflammatory-infiltration/hyperkeratosis-had disappeared. In addition to TIMP-1, the results of the mRNA gene expression analysis showed upregulation of I-CAM-1-and-KGF and downregulation of ILs-1, 6, 10, VEGF, MMP-9, and MCP-1. The scabies network was constructed and subjected to a comprehensive bioinformatic evaluation. TNF-, IL-1B, and IL-6, the top three hub protein-coding genes, have been identified as key therapeutic targets for scabies. From molecular docking data, compounds 15 and 16 acquired sufficient affinity towards the three screened proteins, particularly both possessing higher affinity towards the IL-6 receptor. Interestingly, it achieved a higher binding energy score than the ligand of the docked protein rather than displaying proper binding interactions like those of the ligand. Meanwhile, geraniol (15) showed the highest affinity towards the GST protein, suggesting its contribution to the acaricidal effect of the extract. The subsequent, MD simulations revealed that geraniol can achieve stable binding inside the binding site of both GST and IL-6. Our findings collectively revealed the scabicidal ability of mandarin peel extract for the first time, paving the way for an efficient, economical, and environmentally friendly herbal alternative for treating rabbits with Sarcoptes mange.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abeer H Elmaidomy
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt.
| | | | - Omar Y Tammam
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, New Valley University, Kharga, New Valley, Egypt
| | - Islam M Abdel-Rahman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University, Minya, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud A Elrehany
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University, New Minya, Egypt
| | - Hussain T Bakhsh
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faisal H Altemani
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naseh A Algehainy
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mubarak A Alzubaidi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faisal Alsenani
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Mecca, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed M Sayed
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nahda University, Beni-Suef, 62513, Egypt
| | | | - Eman Maher Zahran
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University, Minya, Egypt
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Sabry MM, Abdel-Rahman RF, Fayed HM, Taher AT, Ogaly HA, Albohy A, El-Gayed SH, Ibrahim RM. Impact of Eucalyptus maculata Hook resin exudate constituents on reducing COX-2 gene expression: In-vivo anti-inflammatory, molecular docking and dynamics studies. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 314:116631. [PMID: 37172920 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Eucalyptus maculata Hook from the Myrtaceae family is a native Australian plant that is frequently cultivated in Egypt. Many Eucalyptus species, including E. maculata, were widely used by the Dharawal, the indigenous Australian people, for their anti-inflammatory properties. AIM OF THE STUDY The purpose of this study was to determine the anti-inflammatory activity of the ethanol extract of E. maculata resin exudate, its methylene chloride and n-butanol fractions, as well as the isolated compounds. MATERIALS AND METHODS the ethanol extract was partitioned by methylene chloride, and n-butanol saturated with water. The fractions were chromatographed to isolate pure compounds. In-vivo anti-inflammatory activity of the ethanol extract, the fractions at a dose of 200 mg/Kg, and the isolated compounds (20 mg/Kg) was estimated using carrageenan-induced rat paws edema method against indomethacin (20 mg/Kg). The activity was supported by histopathological and biochemical parameters. RESULTS Three isolated compounds were identified as aromadendrin (C1), 7-O-methyl aromadendrin (C2), and naringenin (C3). Our findings demonstrated that the tested fractions significantly reduced the paw edema starting from the 3rd to the 5th hour as compared to the positive control, compounds C2 and C3 showed the greatest significant reduction in paw edema. The ethanol extract, fractions, C2, and C3 demonstrated an anti-inflammatory potential through reducing the levels of TNF-α, IL-6, and PGE2, as well as COX-2 protein expression compared to the negative control. These results were supported by molecular docking, which revealed that the isolated compounds had high affinity to target COX-1 and COX-2 active sites with docking scores ranging from -7.3 to -9.6 kcal mol-1 when compared to ibubrofen (-7.8 and -7.4 kcal mol-1, respectively). Molecular dynamics simulations were also performed and confirmed the docking results. CONCLUSION The results supported the traditional anti-inflammatory potency of E. maculata Hook, and the biochemical mechanisms underlying this activity were highlighted, opening up new paths for the development of potent herbal anti-inflammatory medicine. Finally, our findings revealed that E. maculata resin constituents could be considered as promising anti-inflammatory drug candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manal M Sabry
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy Cairo University, Cairo, 11562, Egypt.
| | - Rehab F Abdel-Rahman
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre, Giza, 12622, Egypt.
| | - Hany M Fayed
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre, Giza, 12622, Egypt.
| | - Azza T Taher
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy Cairo University, Cairo, 11562, Egypt; Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, 6 October University, 6th October, Giza, 12585, Egypt.
| | - Hanan A Ogaly
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt.
| | - Amgad Albohy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt, El-Sherouk City, Cairo, 11837, Egypt; Center for Drug Research and Development (CDRD), Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt, El-Sherouk City, Cairo, 11837, Egypt.
| | - Sabah H El-Gayed
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy Cairo University, Cairo, 11562, Egypt; Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, 6 October University, 6th October, Giza, 12585, Egypt.
| | - Rana M Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy Cairo University, Cairo, 11562, Egypt.
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Scabicidal Potential of Coconut Seed Extract in Rabbits via Downregulating Inflammatory/Immune Cross Talk: A Comprehensive Phytochemical/GC-MS and In Silico Proof. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 12:antibiotics12010043. [PMID: 36671243 PMCID: PMC9854674 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12010043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Scabies is an invasive skin condition caused by Sarcoptes scabiei mites. The present study investigates the antiscabies potential of coconut seed extract (CSE) in rabbits. GC-MS analysis of the seed oil identified 17 known compounds, while CSE phytochemical investigation afforded 4 known ones. The topical application of seed extract improved all signs of infection, and the improvement started 3 days post application. However, in vitro application of the extract caused 99% mortality of mites 1 day post application. Histopathological examination revealed the absence of inflammatory infiltration and hyperkeratosis of the epidermis, compared with ivermectin-treated groups which revealed less improvement. The mRNA gene expression results revealed a suppression of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, MMP-9, VEGF, and MCP-1, and an upregulation of I-CAM-1, KGF as well as TIMP-1. The docking analysis emphasized a strong binding of gondoic acid with IL-1β, IL-6, and VEGF with high binding scores of -5.817, -5.291, and -8.362 kcal/mol, respectively, and a high binding affinity of 3″(1‴-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl)-sucrose with GST with -7.24 kcal/mol. Accordingly, and for the first time, our results highlighted the scabicidal potential of coconut seed extract, which opens the gate for an efficient, cost-effective as well as herbal-based alternative for the control of scabies in rabbits.
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AlTarabeen M, Al-Balas Q, Albohy A, Müller WEG, Proksch P. Marine-Based Candidates as Potential RSK1 Inhibitors: A Computational Study. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 28:molecules28010202. [PMID: 36615396 PMCID: PMC9822162 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28010202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Manzamines are chemically related compounds extracted from the methanolic extract of Acanthostrongylophora ingens species. Seven compounds were identified by our research group and are being characterized. As their biological target is unknown, this work is based on previous screening work performed by Mayer et al., who revealed that manzamine A could be an inhibitor of RSK1 kinase. Within this work, the RSK1 N-terminal kinase domain is exploited as a target for our work and the seven compounds are docked using Autodock Vina software. The results show that one of the most active compounds, Manzamine A N-oxide (5), with an IC50 = 3.1 μM, displayed the highest docking score. In addition, the compounds with docking scores lower than the co-crystalized ligand AMP-PCP (-7.5 and -8.0 kcal/mol) for ircinial E (1) and nakadomarin A (7) were found to be inferior in activity in the biological assay. The docking results successfully managed to predict the activities of four compounds, and their in silico results were in concordance with their biological data. The β-carboline ring showed noticeable receptor binding, which could explain its reported biological activities, while the lipophilic side of the compound was found to fit well inside the hydrophobic active site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mousa AlTarabeen
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Aqaba Medical Sciences University, Aqaba 11191, Jordan
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, Heinrich-Heine University, Universitätsstrasse 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-211-81-14163; Fax: +49-211-81-11923
| | - Qosay Al-Balas
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science & Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan
| | - Amgad Albohy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt, El-Sherouk City, Cairo 11837, Egypt
- The Center for Drug Research and Development (CDRD), Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt, El-Sherouk City, Cairo 11837, Egypt
| | - Werner Ernst Georg Müller
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Peter Proksch
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, Heinrich-Heine University, Universitätsstrasse 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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Mostafavi E, Iravani S, Varma RS. Nanosponges: An overlooked promising strategy to combat SARS-CoV-2. Drug Discov Today 2022; 27:103330. [PMID: 35908684 PMCID: PMC9330373 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2022.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Among explored nanomaterials, nanosponge-based systems have exhibited inhibitory effects for the biological neutralization of, and antiviral delivery against, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). More studies could pave the path for clarification of their biological neutralization mechanisms as well as the assessment of their long-term biocompatibility and biosafety issues before clinical translational studies. In this review, we discuss recent advances pertaining to antiviral delivery and inhibitory effects of nanosponges against SARS-CoV-2, focusing on important challenges and opportunities. Finally, as promising approaches for recapitulating the complex structure of different organs/tissues of the body, we discuss the use of 3D in vitro models to investigate the mechanism of SARS-CoV-2 infection and to find therapeutic targets to better manage and eradicate coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebrahim Mostafavi
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
| | - Siavash Iravani
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Rajender S Varma
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute, Palacky University in Olomouc, Slechtitelu 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
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Elmaidomy AH, Zahran EM, Soltane R, Alasiri A, Saber H, Ngwa CJ, Pradel G, Alsenani F, Sayed AM, Abdelmohsen UR. New Halogenated Compounds from Halimeda macroloba Seaweed with Potential Inhibitory Activity against Malaria. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27175617. [PMID: 36080381 PMCID: PMC9457719 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27175617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Malaria is one of the most important infectious diseases worldwide. The causative of the most severe forms of malaria, Plasmodium falciparum, has developed resistances against all the available antimalarial drugs. In the present study, the phytochemical investigation of the green seaweed Halimeda macroloba has afforded two new compounds 1–2, along with 4 known ones 3–6. The structures of the compounds had been confirmed using 1& 2D-NMR and HRESIMS analyses. Extensive machine-learning-supported virtual-screening suggested cytochrome-C enzyme as a potential target for compound 2. Docking, absolute-binding-free-energy (ΔGbinding) and molecular-dynamics-simulation (MDS) of compound 2 revealed the strong binding interaction of this compound with cytochrome-C. In vitro testing for crude extract and isolated compounds revealed the potential in vitro inhibitory activity of both extract and compound 2 against P. falciparum. The crude extract was able to inhibit the parasite growth with an IC50 value of 1.8 ± 0.35 µg/mL. Compound 2 also showed good inhibitory activity with an IC50 value of 3.2 ± 0.23 µg/mL. Meanwhile, compound 6 showed moderate inhibitory activity with an IC50 value of 19.3 ± 0.51 µg/mL. Accordingly, the scaffold of compound 2 can be considered as a good lead compound for the future development of new antimalarial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abeer H. Elmaidomy
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt
| | - Eman Maher Zahran
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University, 7 Universities Zone, New Minia 61111, Egypt
| | - Raya Soltane
- Department of Basic Sciences, Adham University College, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Tunis El Manar University, Tunis 1068, Tunisia
| | - Ahlam Alasiri
- Department of Basic Sciences, Adham University College, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hani Saber
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, South Valley University, Qena 83523, Egypt
| | - Che Julius Ngwa
- Division of Cellular and Applied Infection Biology, Institute of Zoology, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Gabriele Pradel
- Division of Cellular and Applied Infection Biology, Institute of Zoology, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Faisal Alsenani
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed M. Sayed
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nahda University, Beni-Suef 62513, Egypt
- Correspondence: (A.M.S.); (U.R.A.)
| | - Usama Ramadan Abdelmohsen
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University, 7 Universities Zone, New Minia 61111, Egypt
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt
- Correspondence: (A.M.S.); (U.R.A.)
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Overduin M, Kervin TA, Tran A. Progressive membrane-binding mechanism of SARS-CoV-2 variant spike proteins. iScience 2022; 25:104722. [PMID: 35813872 PMCID: PMC9251956 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Membrane recognition by viral spike proteins is critical for infection. Here we show the host cell membrane-binding surfaces of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike variants Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta, Epsilon, Kappa, and Omicron as well as SARS-CoV-1 and pangolin and bat relatives. They show increases in membrane binding propensities over time, with all spike head mutations in variants, and particularly BA.1, impacting the protein's affinity to cell membranes. Comparison of hundreds of structures yields a progressive model of membrane docking in which spike protein trimers shift from initial perpendicular stances to increasingly tilted positions that draw viral particles alongside host cell membranes before optionally engaging angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors. This culminates in the assembly of the symmetric fusion apparatus, with enhanced membrane interactions of variants explaining their unique cell fusion capacities and COVID-19 disease transmission rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Overduin
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Troy A. Kervin
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Anh Tran
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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Nanofiber Carriers of Therapeutic Load: Current Trends. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158581. [PMID: 35955712 PMCID: PMC9368923 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The fast advancement in nanotechnology has prompted the improvement of numerous methods for the creation of various nanoscale composites of which nanofibers have gotten extensive consideration. Nanofibers are polymeric/composite fibers which have a nanoscale diameter. They vary in porous structure and have an extensive area. Material choice is of crucial importance for the assembly of nanofibers and their function as efficient drug and biomedicine carriers. A broad scope of active pharmaceutical ingredients can be incorporated within the nanofibers or bound to their surface. The ability to deliver small molecular drugs such as antibiotics or anticancer medications, proteins, peptides, cells, DNA and RNAs has led to the biomedical application in disease therapy and tissue engineering. Although nanofibers have shown incredible potential for drug and biomedicine applications, there are still difficulties which should be resolved before they can be utilized in clinical practice. This review intends to give an outline of the recent advances in nanofibers, contemplating the preparation methods, the therapeutic loading and release and the various therapeutic applications.
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García-Valderrama EJ, Mamidi N, Antunes-Ricardo M, Gutiérrez-Uribe JA, Del Angel-Sanchez K, Elías-Zúñiga A. Engineering and Evaluation of Forcespun Gelatin Nanofibers as an Isorhamnetin Glycosides Delivery System. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14061116. [PMID: 35745689 PMCID: PMC9229772 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14061116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Mill (OFI) is considered a natural source of bioactive phytochemicals, mainly isorhamnetin glycosides (IRGs). These compounds have demonstrated antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer activities, among others. The development of a suitable delivery system for these compounds is needed to improve their chemical and biological stability. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of fabrication and characterization of IRG-loaded gelatin (GL) forcespun fibers and crosslinking with glutaraldehyde (GTA). Two different percentages (25% and 30% w/v) of GL were evaluated with 12% (w/v) OFI flour to obtain nanofibers GL/OFI1 and GL/OFI2, respectively. The morphology and physicochemical properties of the fibers were investigated. The results indicated that the diameters of the fibers were on the nanoscale. The amount of IRGs was determined using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The IRGs release and the cytocompatibility of the nanofibers were also evaluated. GL concentration significantly affected the IRG release. Among both nanofibers, the GL/OFI2 nanofiber achieved a cumulative IRGs release of 63% after 72 h. Both fibers were shown to be biocompatible with human skin/fibroblast cells. Specifically, GL/OFI1 nanofibers exhibited favorable features for their application as an extract-coupled release system. The IRGs-embedded GL nanofiber mats may become a good alternative for the delivery of phytochemicals for the health sector and biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsy J. García-Valderrama
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Centro de Biotecnología-FEMSA, Av. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur., Monterrey C.P. 64849, Mexico; (E.J.G.-V.); (M.A.-R.)
| | - Narsimha Mamidi
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Department of Chemistry and Nanotechnoloogy, Campus Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Av. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur., Monterrey C.P. 64849, Mexico; (K.D.A.-S.); (A.E.-Z.)
- Correspondence: (N.M.); (J.A.G.-U.); Tel.: +52-222-303-2000 (ext. 2272) (J.A.G.-U.)
| | - Marilena Antunes-Ricardo
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Centro de Biotecnología-FEMSA, Av. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur., Monterrey C.P. 64849, Mexico; (E.J.G.-V.); (M.A.-R.)
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, The Institute for Obesity Research, Av. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur., Monterrey C.P. 64849, Mexico
| | - Janet A. Gutiérrez-Uribe
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Centro de Biotecnología-FEMSA, Av. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur., Monterrey C.P. 64849, Mexico; (E.J.G.-V.); (M.A.-R.)
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, The Institute for Obesity Research, Av. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur., Monterrey C.P. 64849, Mexico
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Campus Puebla, Av. Atlixcáyotl 5718, Puebla C.P. 72453, Mexico
- Correspondence: (N.M.); (J.A.G.-U.); Tel.: +52-222-303-2000 (ext. 2272) (J.A.G.-U.)
| | - Karina Del Angel-Sanchez
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Department of Chemistry and Nanotechnoloogy, Campus Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Av. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur., Monterrey C.P. 64849, Mexico; (K.D.A.-S.); (A.E.-Z.)
| | - Alex Elías-Zúñiga
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Department of Chemistry and Nanotechnoloogy, Campus Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Av. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur., Monterrey C.P. 64849, Mexico; (K.D.A.-S.); (A.E.-Z.)
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12
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Maher Zahran E, Mohamad SA, Yahia R, Badawi AM, Sayed AM, Ramadan Abdelmohsen U. Anti-otomycotic potential of nanoparticles of Moringa oleifera leaf extract: an integrated in vitro, in silico and phase 0 clinical study. Food Funct 2022; 13:11083-11096. [DOI: 10.1039/d2fo02382b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The work flow of the study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman Maher Zahran
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University, Universities Zone, 61111 New Minia City, Egypt
| | - Soad A. Mohamad
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Clinical pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University, Universities Zone, 61111 New Minia City, Egypt
| | - Ramadan Yahia
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University, Universities Zone, 61111 New Minia City, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M. Badawi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M. Sayed
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nahda University, 62513 Beni-Suef, Egypt
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, AlMaaqal University, 61014 Basra, Iraq
| | - Usama Ramadan Abdelmohsen
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University, Universities Zone, 61111 New Minia City, Egypt
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, 61519Minia, Egypt
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13
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Zahran EM, Sayed AM, Abdelwahab MF, Albohy A, Abdulrazik BS, Ibrahim AM, Bringmann G, Abdelmohsen UR. Identifying the specific-targeted marine cerebrosides against SARS-CoV-2: an integrated computational approach. RSC Adv 2021; 11:36042-36059. [PMID: 35492761 PMCID: PMC9043436 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra07103c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Cerebrosides are a group of metabolites belonging to the glycosphingolipids class of natural products. So far, 167 cerebrosides, compounds 1-167, have been isolated from diverse marine organisms or microorganisms. The as yet smaller number of compounds that have been studied more in depth proves a potential against challenging diseases, such as cancer, a range of viral and bacterial diseases, as well as inflammation. This review provides a comprehensive summary on this so far under-explored class of compounds, their chemical structures, bioactivities, and their marine sources, with a full coverage to the end of 2020. Today, the global pandemic concern, COVID-19, has claimed millions of death cases around the world, making the development of anti-SARS-CoV-2 drugs urgently needed for such a battle. Accordingly, selected examples from all subclasses of cerebrosides were virtually screened for potential inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 proteins that are crucially involved in the viral-host interaction, viral replication, or in disease progression. The results highlight five cerebrosides that could preferentially bind to the hACE2 protein, with binding scores between -7.1 and -7.6 kcal mol-1 and with the docking poses determined underneath the first α1-helix of the protein. Moreover, the molecular interaction determined by molecular dynamic (MD) simulation revealed that renieroside C1 (60) is more conveniently involved in key hydrophobic interactions with the best stability, least deviation, least ΔG (-6.9 kcal mol-1) and an RMSD value of 3.6 Å. Thus, the structural insights assure better binding affinity and favorable molecular interaction of renieroside C1 (60) towards the hACE2 protein, which plays a crucial role in the biology and pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman Maher Zahran
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University 61111 New Minia Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Sayed
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nahda University 62513 Beni-Suef Egypt.,Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, AlMaaqal University 61014 Basra Iraq
| | - Miada F Abdelwahab
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University 61519 Minia Egypt +20-086-2369075 +20-086-2347759
| | - Amgad Albohy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt (BUE) Cairo 11837 Egypt
| | - Basma S Abdulrazik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt (BUE) Cairo 11837 Egypt
| | - Ayman M Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University 61111 New Minia Egypt
| | - Gerhard Bringmann
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany +49-931-3184755 +49-931-3185323
| | - Usama Ramadan Abdelmohsen
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University 61111 New Minia Egypt.,Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University 61519 Minia Egypt +20-086-2369075 +20-086-2347759
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14
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Qaisrani MN, Belousov R, Rehman JU, Goliaei EM, Girotto I, Franklin-Mergarejo R, Güell O, Hassanali A, Roldán É. Phospholipids dock SARS-CoV-2 spike protein via hydrophobic interactions: a minimal in-silico study of lecithin nasal spray therapy. THE EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL. E, SOFT MATTER 2021; 44:132. [PMID: 34718875 PMCID: PMC8556817 DOI: 10.1140/epje/s10189-021-00137-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the physical and chemical properties of viral infections at molecular scales is a major challenge for the scientific community more so with the outbreak of global pandemics. There is currently a lot of effort being placed in identifying molecules that could act as putative drugs or blockers of viral molecules. In this work, we computationally explore the importance in antiviral activity of a less studied class of molecules, namely surfactants. We employ all-atoms molecular dynamics simulations to study the interaction between the receptor-binding domain of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and the phospholipid lecithin (POPC), in water. Our microsecond simulations show a preferential binding of lecithin to the receptor-binding motif of SARS-CoV-2 with binding free energies significantly larger than [Formula: see text]. Furthermore, hydrophobic interactions involving lecithin non-polar tails dominate these binding events, which are also accompanied by dewetting of the receptor binding motif. Through an analysis of fluctuations in the radius of gyration of the receptor-binding domain, its contact maps with lecithin molecules, and distributions of water molecules near the binding region, we elucidate molecular interactions that may play an important role in interactions involving surfactant-type molecules and viruses. We discuss our minimal computational model in the context of lecithin-based liposomal nasal sprays as putative mitigating therapies for COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Nawaz Qaisrani
- ICTP - The Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics, Strada Costiera 11, 34151 Trieste, Italy
- Institute of Physics, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Staudingerweg 7, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Roman Belousov
- ICTP - The Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics, Strada Costiera 11, 34151 Trieste, Italy
- Present Address: EMBL - European Molecular Biology Laboratory, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jawad Ur Rehman
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Universitá degli Studi di Trieste, Via Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Elham Moharramzadeh Goliaei
- ICTP - The Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics, Strada Costiera 11, 34151 Trieste, Italy
| | - Ivan Girotto
- ICTP - The Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics, Strada Costiera 11, 34151 Trieste, Italy
| | - Ricardo Franklin-Mergarejo
- ICTP - The Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics, Strada Costiera 11, 34151 Trieste, Italy
| | - Oriol Güell
- Comercial Douma S.L., Carrer de València 5, 08015 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ali Hassanali
- ICTP - The Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics, Strada Costiera 11, 34151 Trieste, Italy
| | - Édgar Roldán
- ICTP - The Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics, Strada Costiera 11, 34151 Trieste, Italy
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15
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High Intensity Violet Light (405 nm) Inactivates Coronaviruses in Phosphate Buffered Saline (PBS) and on Surfaces. PHOTONICS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/photonics8100414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
It has been proven that visible light with a wavelength of about 405 nm exhibits an antimicrobial effect on bacteria and fungi if the irradiation doses are high enough. Hence, the question arises as to whether this violet light would also be suitable to inactivate SARS-CoV-2 coronaviruses. Therefore, a high-intensity light source was developed and applied to irradiate bovine coronaviruses (BCoV), which are employed as SARS-CoV-2 surrogates for safety reasons. Irradiation is performed in virus solutions diluted with phosphate buffered saline and on steel surfaces. Significant virus reduction by several log levels was observed both in the liquid and on the surface within half an hour with average log reduction doses of 57.5 and 96 J/cm2, respectively. Therefore, it can be concluded that 405 nm irradiation has an antiviral effect on coronaviruses, but special attention should be paid to the presence of photosensitizers in the virus environment in future experiments. Technically, visible violet radiation is therefore suitable for coronavirus reduction, but the required radiation doses are difficult to achieve rapidly.
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Abdelmohsen UR, Albohy A, Abdulrazik BS, Bayoumi SAL, Malak LG, Khallaf ISA, Bringmann G, Farag SF. Natural coumarins as potential anti-SARS-CoV-2 agents supported by docking analysis. RSC Adv 2021; 11:16970-16979. [PMID: 35479715 PMCID: PMC9032274 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra01989a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 is a global pandemic first identified in China, causing severe acute respiratory syndrome. One of the therapeutic strategies for combating viral infections is the search for viral spike proteins as attachment inhibitors among natural compounds using molecular docking. This review aims at shedding light on the antiviral potential of natural products belonging to the natural-products class of coumarins up to 2020. Moreover, all these compounds were filtered based on ADME analysis to determine their physicochemical properties, and the best 74 compounds were selected. Using virtual-screening methods, the selected compounds were investigated for potential inhibition of viral main protease (Mpro), viral methyltransferase (nsp16/10 complex), viral recognition binding domain (RBD) of S-protein, and human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), which is the human receptor for viral S-protein targets, using molecular-docking studies. Promising potential results against SARS-CoV-2 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) and methyltransferase (nsp16) are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usama Ramadan Abdelmohsen
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University 7 Universities Zone 61111 New Minia City Egypt.,Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University Minia 61519 Egypt
| | - Amgad Albohy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt (BUE) Suez Desert Road El-Sherouk City Cairo 11837 Egypt
| | - Basma S Abdulrazik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt (BUE) Suez Desert Road El-Sherouk City Cairo 11837 Egypt
| | - Soad A L Bayoumi
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University Assiut 71526 Egypt
| | - Lourin G Malak
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University Assiut 71526 Egypt
| | - Iman S A Khallaf
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University Assiut 71526 Egypt
| | - Gerhard Bringmann
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Salwa F Farag
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University Assiut 71526 Egypt .,Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy, Taif University Taif Saudi Arabia
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