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Baig MS, Ahmad A, Pathan RR, Mishra RK. Precision Nanomedicine with Bio-Inspired Nanosystems: Recent Trends and Challenges in Mesenchymal Stem Cells Membrane-Coated Bioengineered Nanocarriers in Targeted Nanotherapeutics. J Xenobiot 2024; 14:827-872. [PMID: 39051343 PMCID: PMC11270309 DOI: 10.3390/jox14030047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
In the recent past, the formulation and development of nanocarriers has been elaborated into the broader fields and opened various avenues in their preclinical and clinical applications. In particular, the cellular membrane-based nanoformulations have been formulated to surpass and surmount the limitations and restrictions associated with naïve or free forms of therapeutic compounds and circumvent various physicochemical and immunological barriers including but not limited to systemic barriers, microenvironmental roadblocks, and other cellular or subcellular hinderances-which are quite heterogeneous throughout the diseases and patient cohorts. These limitations in drug delivery have been overcome through mesenchymal cells membrane-based precision therapeutics, where these interventions have led to the significant enhancements in therapeutic efficacies. However, the formulation and development of nanocarriers still focuses on optimization of drug delivery paradigms with a one-size-fits-all resolutions. As mesenchymal stem cell membrane-based nanocarriers have been engineered in highly diversified fashions, these are being optimized for delivering the drug payloads in more and better personalized modes, entering the arena of precision as well as personalized nanomedicine. In this Review, we have included some of the advanced nanocarriers which have been designed and been utilized in both the non-personalized as well as precision applicability which can be employed for the improvements in precision nanotherapeutics. In the present report, authors have focused on various other aspects of the advancements in stem cells membrane-based nanoparticle conceptions which can surmount several roadblocks and barriers in drug delivery and nanomedicine. It has been suggested that well-informed designing of these nanocarriers will lead to appreciable improvements in the therapeutic efficacy in therapeutic payload delivery applications. These approaches will also enable the tailored and customized designs of MSC-based nanocarriers for personalized therapeutic applications, and finally amending the patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirza Salman Baig
- Anjuman-I-Islam Kalsekar Technical Campus School of Pharmacy, Sector-16, Near Thana Naka, Khandagao, New Panvel, Navi Mumbai 410206, Maharashtra, India;
| | - Anas Ahmad
- Julia McFarlane Diabetes Research Centre (JMDRC), Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, Foothills Medical Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | | | - Rakesh Kumar Mishra
- School of Health Sciences and Technology, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies (UPES), Bidholi, Dehradun 248007, Uttarakhand, India;
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Krishna SBN, Jakmunee J, Mishra YK, Prakash J. ZnO based 0-3D diverse nano-architectures, films and coatings for biomedical applications. J Mater Chem B 2024; 12:2950-2984. [PMID: 38426529 DOI: 10.1039/d4tb00184b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Thin-film nano-architecting is a promising approach that controls the properties of nanoscale surfaces to increase their interdisciplinary applications in a variety of fields. In this context, zinc oxide (ZnO)-based various nano-architectures (0-3D) such as quantum dots, nanorods/nanotubes, nanothin films, tetrapods, nanoflowers, hollow structures, etc. have been extensively researched by the scientific community in the past decade. Owing to its unique surface charge transport properties, optoelectronic properties and reported biomedical applications, ZnO has been considered as one of the most important futuristic bio-nanomaterials. This review is focused on the design/synthesis and engineering of 0-3D nano-architecture ZnO-based thin films and coatings with tunable characteristics for multifunctional biomedical applications. Although ZnO has been extensively researched, ZnO thin films composed of 0-3D nanoarchitectures with promising thin film device bio-nanotechnology applications have rarely been reviewed. The current review focuses on important details about the technologies used to make ZnO-based thin films, as well as the customization of properties related to bioactivities, characterization, and device fabrication for modern biomedical uses that are relevant. It features biosensing, tissue engineering/wound healing, antibacterial, antiviral, and anticancer activity, as well as biomedical diagnosis and therapy with an emphasis on a better understanding of the mechanisms of action. Eventually, key issues, experimental parameters and factors, open challenges, etc. in thin film device fabrications and applications, and future prospects will be discussed, followed by a summary and conclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suresh Babu Naidu Krishna
- Institute for Water and Wastewater Technology, Durban University of Technology, Durban-4000, South Africa
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Technology, Durban University of Technology, Durban-4000, South Africa
| | - Jaroon Jakmunee
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Yogendra Kumar Mishra
- Mads Clausen Institute, NanoSYD, University of Southern Denmark, Alsion 2, 6400, Sønderborg, Denmark
| | - Jai Prakash
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Hamirpur, Hamirpur 177005, (H.P.), India.
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3
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Cheng WY, Yang MY, Yeh CA, Yang YC, Chang KB, Chen KY, Liu SY, Tang CL, Shen CC, Hung HS. Therapeutic Applications of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Loaded with Gold Nanoparticles for Regenerative Medicine. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15051385. [PMID: 37242627 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15051385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present study, the various concentrations of AuNP (1.25, 2.5, 5, 10 ppm) were prepared to investigate the biocompatibility, biological performances and cell uptake efficiency via Wharton's jelly mesenchymal stem cells and rat model. The pure AuNP, AuNP combined with Col (AuNP-Col) and FITC conjugated AuNP-Col (AuNP-Col-FITC) were characterized by Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) assays. For in vitro examinations, we explored whether the Wharton's jelly MSCs had better viability, higher CXCR4 expression, greater migration distance and lower apoptotic-related proteins expression with AuNP 1.25 and 2.5 ppm treatments. Furthermore, we considered whether the treatments of 1.25 and 2.5 ppm AuNP could induce the CXCR4 knocked down Wharton's jelly MSCs to express CXCR4 and reduce the expression level of apoptotic proteins. We also treated the Wharton's jelly MSCs with AuNP-Col to investigate the intracellular uptake mechanisms. The evidence demonstrated the cells uptake AuNP-Col through clathrin-mediated endocytosis and the vacuolar-type H+-ATPase pathway with good stability inside the cells to avoid lysosomal degradation as well as better uptake efficiency. Additionally, the results from in vivo examinations elucidated the 2.5 ppm of AuNP attenuated foreign body responses and had better retention efficacy with tissue integrity in animal model. In conclusion, the evidence demonstrates that AuNP shows promise as a biosafe nanodrug delivery system for development of regenerative medicine coupled with Wharton's jelly MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Yu Cheng
- Department of Minimally Invasive Skull Base Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 407204, Taiwan
- Department of Physical Therapy, Hung Kuang University, Taichung 433304, Taiwan
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402202, Taiwan
- Department of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, College of Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402202, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Yin Yang
- Department of Minimally Invasive Skull Base Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 407204, Taiwan
- Department of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, College of Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402202, Taiwan
| | - Chun-An Yeh
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Science, China Medical University, Taichung 404333, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chin Yang
- Department of Minimally Invasive Skull Base Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 407204, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Bo Chang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Science, China Medical University, Taichung 404333, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Yuan Chen
- Department of Minimally Invasive Skull Base Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 407204, Taiwan
| | - Szu-Yuan Liu
- Department of Minimally Invasive Skull Base Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 407204, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Lun Tang
- Department of Minimally Invasive Skull Base Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 407204, Taiwan
| | - Chiung-Chyi Shen
- Department of Minimally Invasive Skull Base Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 407204, Taiwan
| | - Huey-Shan Hung
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Science, China Medical University, Taichung 404333, Taiwan
- Translational Medicine Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404327, Taiwan
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4
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Negrescu AM, Killian MS, Raghu SNV, Schmuki P, Mazare A, Cimpean A. Metal Oxide Nanoparticles: Review of Synthesis, Characterization and Biological Effects. J Funct Biomater 2022; 13:jfb13040274. [PMID: 36547533 PMCID: PMC9780975 DOI: 10.3390/jfb13040274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last few years, the progress made in the field of nanotechnology has allowed researchers to develop and synthesize nanosized materials with unique physicochemical characteristics, suitable for various biomedical applications. Amongst these nanomaterials, metal oxide nanoparticles (MONPs) have gained increasing interest due to their excellent properties, which to a great extent differ from their bulk counterpart. However, despite such positive advantages, a substantial body of literature reports on their cytotoxic effects, which are directly correlated to the nanoparticles' physicochemical properties, therefore, better control over the synthetic parameters will not only lead to favorable surface characteristics but may also increase biocompatibility and consequently lower cytotoxicity. Taking into consideration the enormous biomedical potential of MONPs, the present review will discuss the most recent developments in this field referring mainly to synthesis methods, physical and chemical characterization and biological effects, including the pro-regenerative and antitumor potentials as well as antibacterial activity. Moreover, the last section of the review will tackle the pressing issue of the toxic effects of MONPs on various tissues/organs and cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreea Mariana Negrescu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 91-95 Splaiul Independentei, 050095 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Manuela S. Killian
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Chemistry and Structure of Novel Materials, University of Siegen, Paul-Bonatz-Str. 9-11, 57076 Siegen, Germany
| | - Swathi N. V. Raghu
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Chemistry and Structure of Novel Materials, University of Siegen, Paul-Bonatz-Str. 9-11, 57076 Siegen, Germany
| | - Patrik Schmuki
- Department of Materials Science WW4-LKO, Friedrich-Alexander University, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Palacky University, Listopadu 50A, 772 07 Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Chemistry Department, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 80203, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anca Mazare
- Department of Materials Science WW4-LKO, Friedrich-Alexander University, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Advanced Institute for Materials Research (AIMR), National University Corporation Tohoku University (TU), Sendai 980-8577, Japan
- Correspondence:
| | - Anisoara Cimpean
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 91-95 Splaiul Independentei, 050095 Bucharest, Romania
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5
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Henson JC, Brickell A, Kim JW, Jensen H, Mehta JL, Jensen M. PEGylated Gold Nanoparticle Toxicity in Cardiomyocytes: Assessment of Size, Concentration, and Time Dependency. IEEE Trans Nanobioscience 2022; 21:387-394. [PMID: 35201990 DOI: 10.1109/tnb.2022.3154438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Gold Nanoparticles (GNPs) have shown promising capabilities for use in many in-vivo applications such as gene and drug delivery, photothermal ablation of tumors, and tracking in many imaging modalities. Yet GNPs have thus far had limited use in cardiovascular medicine. Polyethylene glycol functionalized (PEGylated) GNPs have been extensively studied in a wide array of in vitro and in vivo models with results showing no apparent toxicity, but to our knowledge an investigation has never been performed to determine direct cardiomyocyte toxicity. In this study, we assessed if PEGylated GNPs exhibited direct toxicity to a primary culture of neonatal rat cardiomyocytes in order to establish PEGylated GNPs for potential future use in cardiovascular medicine applications. We present novel results that demonstrate both a particle size and concentration dependent relationship on cell viability. Cell viability was found to be significantly enhanced for many concentrations and sizes as compared to the control and increased linearly as a function of particle diameter. Additionally, viability increased in a parabolically dependent manner as a function of decreasing particle concentration. These new results could advance understanding of nanoparticle-cell interactions and lead to the development of new applications involving the use of gold nanoparticles in cardiovascular medicine.
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Zakhireh S, Barar J, Adibkia K, Beygi-Khosrowshahi Y, Fathi M, Omidain H, Omidi Y. Bioactive Chitosan-Based Organometallic Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering and Regeneration. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2022; 380:13. [PMID: 35149879 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-022-00364-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Captivating achievements in developing advanced hybrid biostructures through integrating natural biopolymers with inorganic materials (e.g., metals and metalloids) have paved the way towards the application of bioactive organometallic scaffolds (OMSs) in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine (TERM). Of various biopolymers, chitosan (CS) has been used widely for the development of bioactive OMSs, in large part due to its unique characteristics (e.g., biocompatibility, biodegradability, surface chemistry, and functionalization potential). In integration with inorganic elements, CS has been used to engineer advanced biomimetic matrices to accommodate both embedded cells and drug molecules and serve as scaffolds in TERM. The use of the CS-based OMSs is envisioned to provide a new pragmatic potential in TERM and even in precision medicine. In this review, we aim to elaborate on recent achievements in a variety of CS/metal, CS/metalloid hybrid scaffolds, and discuss their applications in TERM. We also provide comprehensive insights into the formulation, surface modification, characterization, biocompatibility, and cytotoxicity of different types of CS-based OMSs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solmaz Zakhireh
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Biomedicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Jaleh Barar
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Biomedicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Khosro Adibkia
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Biomedicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Younes Beygi-Khosrowshahi
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Marziyeh Fathi
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Biomedicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hossein Omidain
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, 33328, USA
| | - Yadollah Omidi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, 33328, USA.
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7
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Kolahalam LA, Prasad K, Murali Krishna P, Supraja N. Saussurea lappa plant rhizome extract-based zinc oxide nanoparticles: synthesis, characterization and its antibacterial, antifungal activities and cytotoxic studies against Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cell lines. Heliyon 2021; 7:e07265. [PMID: 34195406 PMCID: PMC8237308 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The plant extracts are known for their anti-inflammatory, antifungal, antiviral and antibacterial properties. The use of plant extracts in the preparation of bio-materials increases their biological application. In this concern, herein reporting an eco-friendly procedure which is also a simple and cost effective, for the synthesis of Zinc Oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) using Saussurea lappa plant root (rhizome) extract as a fuel. The prepared nanoparticles were confirmed using various characterization techniques. The Dynamic light scattering data showed 123.5 nm particle size with -99.9 mv zeta potential which indicates excellent stability of the particles. The peak at 541 cm-1 in the IR spectrum is assigned to the stretching frequency of the zinc-binding to oxygen. The X-ray diffraction peaks confirm the close association with JCPDS Data Card No: 36-1451. The FESEM data revealed a hexagonal wurtzite structure with a hexagonal shape of synthesized ZnO nanoparticles. The antibacterial studies indicate the gram-negative strains showed better inhibition activity than gram-positive strains. Among Fungal strains, Aspergillus niger and flavus, Fusarium oxysporum, and Rhizopus oryzae showed good inhibition activity at higher concentrations. The cytotoxic data indicates the 5 μg/mL of the ZnO particles showed cytotoxicity on the CHO cell line and with IC50 value 3.164 ± 0.8956 μg/mL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lalitha A. Kolahalam
- Department of Chemistry, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation, Vaddeswaram, Guntur, 522502, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - K.R.S. Prasad
- Department of Chemistry, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation, Vaddeswaram, Guntur, 522502, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - P. Murali Krishna
- Department of Chemistry, Ramaiah Institute of Technology, Bangalore, 560054, Karnataka, India
| | - N. Supraja
- Nanotechnology Laboratory, Acharya N G Ranga Agricultural University, Tirupati, 517502, Andhra Pradesh, India
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8
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Yahya EB, Amirul AA, H.P.S. AK, Olaiya NG, Iqbal MO, Jummaat F, A.K. AS, Adnan AS. Insights into the Role of Biopolymer Aerogel Scaffolds in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:1612. [PMID: 34067569 PMCID: PMC8156123 DOI: 10.3390/polym13101612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The global transplantation market size was valued at USD 8.4 billion in 2020 and is expected to grow at a compound annual growth rate of 11.5% over the forecast period. The increasing demand for tissue transplantation has inspired researchers to find alternative approaches for making artificial tissues and organs function. The unique physicochemical and biological properties of biopolymers and the attractive structural characteristics of aerogels such as extremely high porosity, ultra low-density, and high surface area make combining these materials of great interest in tissue scaffolding and regenerative medicine applications. Numerous biopolymer aerogel scaffolds have been used to regenerate skin, cartilage, bone, and even heart valves and blood vessels by growing desired cells together with the growth factor in tissue engineering scaffolds. This review focuses on the principle of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine and the role of biopolymer aerogel scaffolds in this field, going through the properties and the desirable characteristics of biopolymers and biopolymer tissue scaffolds in tissue engineering applications. The recent advances of using biopolymer aerogel scaffolds in the regeneration of skin, cartilage, bone, and heart valves are also discussed in the present review. Finally, we highlight the main challenges of biopolymer-based scaffolds and the prospects of using these materials in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esam Bashir Yahya
- School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia;
| | - A. A. Amirul
- School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia
| | - Abdul Khalil H.P.S.
- School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia;
| | - Niyi Gideon Olaiya
- Department of Industrial and Production Engineering, Federal University of Technology, PMB 704 Akure, Nigeria;
| | - Muhammad Omer Iqbal
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycoengineering, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China;
| | - Fauziah Jummaat
- Management & Science University Medical Centre, University Drive, Off Persiaran Olahraga, Section 13, Shah Alam 40100, Malaysia; (F.J.); (A.S.A.)
| | - Atty Sofea A.K.
- Hospital Seberang Jaya, Jalan Tun Hussein Onn, Seberang Jaya, Permatang Pauh 13700, Malaysia;
| | - A. S. Adnan
- Management & Science University Medical Centre, University Drive, Off Persiaran Olahraga, Section 13, Shah Alam 40100, Malaysia; (F.J.); (A.S.A.)
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9
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Frías-Sánchez AI, Quevedo-Moreno DA, Samandari M, Tavares-Negrete JA, Sánchez-Rodríguez VH, González-Gamboa I, Ponz F, Alvarez MM, Trujillo-de Santiago G. Biofabrication of muscle fibers enhanced with plant viral nanoparticles using surface chaotic flows. Biofabrication 2021; 13. [PMID: 33418551 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/abd9d7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Multiple human tissues exhibit fibrous nature. Therefore, the fabrication of hydrogel filaments for tissue engineering is a trending topic. Current tissue models are made of materials that often require further enhancement for appropriate cell attachment, proliferation and differentiation. Here we present a simple strategy, based on the use of surface chaotic flows amenable to mathematical modeling, to fabricate continuous, long and thin filaments of gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA). The fabrication of these filaments is achieved by chaotic advection in a finely controlled and miniaturized version of the journal bearing system. A drop of GelMA pregel is injected on a higher-density viscous fluid (glycerin) and a chaotic flow is applied through an iterative process. The millimeter-scale hydrogel drop is exponentially deformed and elongated to generate a meter-scale fiber, which was then polymerized under UV-light exposure. Computational fluid dynamic (CFD) simulations are conducted to determine the characteristics of the flow and design the experimental conditions for fabrication of the fibers. GelMA fibers were effectively used as scaffolds for C2C12 myoblast cells. Experimental results demonstrate an accurate accordance with CFD simulations for the predicted length of the fibers. Plant-based viral nanoparticles (i.e.Turnip mosaic virus; TuMV) were then integrated to the hydrogel fibers as a secondary nano-scaffold for cells for enhanced muscle tissue engineering. The addition of TuMV significantly increased the metabolic activity of the cell-seeded fibers (p* < 0.05), strengthened cell attachment throughout the first 28 d, improved cell alignment, and promoted the generation of structures that resemble natural mammal muscle tissues. Chaotic two-dimensional-printing is proven to be a viable method for the fabrication of hydrogel fibers. The combined use of thin and long GelMA hydrogel fibers enhanced with flexuous virions offers a promising alternative for scaffolding of muscle cells and show potential to be used as cost-effective models for muscle tissue engineering purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ada I Frías-Sánchez
- Centro de Biotecnología-FEMSA, Tecnológico de Monterrey, 64849 Monterrey, México.,Mechatronics and Electrical Engineering Department, Tecnológico de Monterrey, 64849 Monterrey, México
| | - Diego A Quevedo-Moreno
- Centro de Biotecnología-FEMSA, Tecnológico de Monterrey, 64849 Monterrey, México.,Mechatronics and Electrical Engineering Department, Tecnológico de Monterrey, 64849 Monterrey, México
| | - Mohamadmahdi Samandari
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT 06030, United States of America
| | - Jorge A Tavares-Negrete
- Centro de Biotecnología-FEMSA, Tecnológico de Monterrey, 64849 Monterrey, México.,Mechatronics and Electrical Engineering Department, Tecnológico de Monterrey, 64849 Monterrey, México
| | | | - Ivonne González-Gamboa
- Centro de Biotecnología-FEMSA, Tecnológico de Monterrey, 64849 Monterrey, México.,Bioengineering Department, Tecnológico de Monterrey, 64849 Monterrey, México
| | - Fernando Ponz
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid-Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (CBGP, UPM-INIA), Campus Montegancedo, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid 28223, Spain
| | - Mario M Alvarez
- Centro de Biotecnología-FEMSA, Tecnológico de Monterrey, 64849 Monterrey, México.,Bioengineering Department, Tecnológico de Monterrey, 64849 Monterrey, México
| | - Grissel Trujillo-de Santiago
- Centro de Biotecnología-FEMSA, Tecnológico de Monterrey, 64849 Monterrey, México.,Mechatronics and Electrical Engineering Department, Tecnológico de Monterrey, 64849 Monterrey, México
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10
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Vasconcellos LMR, Elias CDMV, Minhoto GB, Abdala JMA, Andrade TM, de Araujo JCR, Gusmão SBS, Viana BC, Marciano FR, Lobo AO. Rotary-jet spun polycaprolactone/nano-hydroxyapatite scaffolds modified by simulated body fluid influenced the flexural mode of the neoformed bone. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2020; 31:72. [PMID: 32719958 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-020-06403-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Polycaprolactone (PCL) is a biocompatible, biodegradable synthetic polymer which in combination with nanohydroxyapatite (nHAp) can give rise to a low cost, nontoxic bioactive product with excellent mechanical properties and slow degradation. Here we produced, characterized and evaluated in vivo the bone formation of PCL/nHAp scaffolds produced by the rotary jet spinning technique. The scaffolds produced were firstly soaked into simulated body fluid for 21 days to also obtain nHAp onto PCL/nHAp scaffolds. Afterwards, the scaffolds were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy. For in vivo experiments, 20 male Wistar rats were used and randomly divided in 4 experimental groups (n = 5). A critical defect of 3 mm in diameter was made in the tibia of the animals, which were filled with G1 control (clot); G2-PCL scaffold; G3-PCL/nHAp (5%) scaffold; G4-PCL/nHAp (20%) scaffold. All animals were euthanized 60 days after surgery, and the bone repair in the right tibiae were evaluated by radiographic analysis, histological analysis and histomorphometric analysis. While in the left tibias, the areas of bone repair were submitted to the flexural strength test. Radiographic and histomorphometric analyses no showed statistical difference in new bone formation between the groups, but in the three-point flexural tests, the PCL/nHAp (20%) scaffold positively influenced the flexural mode of the neoformed bone. These findings indicate that PCL/nHAp (20%) scaffold improve biomechanical properties of neoformed bone and could be used for bone medicine regenerative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luana M R Vasconcellos
- Department of Bioscience and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, Sao Paulo State University, 12245-000, Sao Jose dos Campos, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
| | | | - Giovanna B Minhoto
- Department of Bioscience and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, Sao Paulo State University, 12245-000, Sao Jose dos Campos, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Julia M A Abdala
- Instituto Científico e Tecnológico, Universidade Brasil, 08230-030, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Telmo M Andrade
- Instituto Científico e Tecnológico, Universidade Brasil, 08230-030, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Uninassau University, 64017-775, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil
| | - Juliani C R de Araujo
- Department of Bioscience and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, Sao Paulo State University, 12245-000, Sao Jose dos Campos, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Bartolomeu C Viana
- Department of Physics, UFPI-Federal University of Piauí, 64049-550, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil
- LIMAV - Interdisciplinary Laboratory for Advanced Materials, BioMatLab, Department of Materials Engineering, UFPI - Federal University of Piaui, 64049-550, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil
| | - Fernanda R Marciano
- LIMAV - Interdisciplinary Laboratory for Advanced Materials, BioMatLab, Department of Materials Engineering, UFPI - Federal University of Piaui, 64049-550, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil
| | - Anderson O Lobo
- Department of Physics, UFPI-Federal University of Piauí, 64049-550, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil.
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Corneal Stem Cells as a Source of Regenerative Cell-Based Therapy. Stem Cells Int 2020; 2020:8813447. [PMID: 32765614 PMCID: PMC7388005 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8813447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In the past few years, intensive research has focused on corneal stem cells as an unlimited source for cell-based therapy in regenerative ophthalmology. Today, it is known that the cornea has at least two types of stem cells: limbal epithelial stem cells (LESCs) and corneal stromal stem cells (CSSCs). LESCs are used for regeneration of corneal surface, while CSSCs are used for regeneration of corneal stroma. Until now, various approaches and methods for isolation of LESCs and CSSCs and their successful transplantation have been described and tested in several preclinical studies and clinical trials. This review describes in detail phenotypic characteristics of LESCs and CSSCs and discusses their therapeutic potential in corneal regeneration. Since efficient and safe corneal stem cell-based therapy is still a challenging issue that requires continuous cooperation between researchers, clinicians, and patients, this review addresses the important limitations and suggests possible strategies for improvement of corneal stem cell-based therapy.
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Wang L, Xu J, Yan Y, Liu H, Li F. Synthesis of gold nanoparticles from leaf Panax notoginseng and its anticancer activity in pancreatic cancer PANC-1 cell lines. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 47:1216-1223. [PMID: 30942628 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2019.1593852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jianwei Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Ye Yan
- Department of Ultrasound and Radiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Han Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Feng Li
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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Pesaraklou A, Mahdavi-Shahri N, Hassanzadeh H, Ghasemi M, Kazemi M, Mousavi NS, Matin MM. Use of cerium oxide nanoparticles: a good candidate to improve skin tissue engineering. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 14:035008. [PMID: 30754036 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/ab0679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Today advancements in nanotechnology have made extensive progress in tissue engineering. Application of cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeO2) has improved regenerative medicine due to their antioxidant properties. In this study, nanoparticles were used to increase the efficacy of skin substitutes. Human skin samples were decellularized using four methods and studied via histological stainings and DNA content analyses. Then CeO2 dispersing and its stability were investigated. The prepared acellular dermal matrices (ADMs) were immersed in CeO2 suspension and their effects were evaluated on growth of cultured human adipose derived-mesenchymal stem cells (hAd-MSCs) using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and histological methods. Moreover, their antioxidant properties were assessed based on DPPH degradation. Changes in the collagen contents of the scaffolds containing cells and CeO2 were also determined by electron microscopy and their tensile strength was compared to ADM. Our results indicated that use of trypsin/NaOH protocol resulted in most efficient cell removal while maintaining extracellular matrix (ECM) architecture. Among different dispersal methods, the approach using Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM), wetting with fetal bovine serum (FBS) and ultrasonic bath resulted in the best stability. Furthermore, it was shown that CeO2 not only had no toxicity on the cells, but also increased the growth and survival of hAd-MSCs by about 27%, improved free radical scavenging, as well as the amount of collagen and tensile strength of the scaffolds containing nanoparticles compared to the ADM. It can be concluded that the combination of ADM/CeO2/hAd-MSCs could be a step forward in skin tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atefeh Pesaraklou
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
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14
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Cheng H, Mou Z, Wang W, Zhang W, Wang Z, Zhang M, Yang E, Sun D. Chitosan-catechin coating as an antifungal and preservable agent for postharvest satsuma oranges. J Food Biochem 2019; 43:e12779. [PMID: 31353588 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.12779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The antifungal properties of chitosan-catechin coating and the effect of fruit preservation were studied. We used catechin to modify chitosan to prepare a coating. The purpose of the study was to use chitosan-catechin coating to prolong the preservation time of satsuma oranges. In vitro experiments, the results showed that the antifungal activity of chitosan-catechin increased with increasing concentration, and the results are also significantly effect of comparing to chitosan and catechin alone (*p < 0.05). In vivo studies, chitosan-catechin coating treatment significantly reduced rot caused by Penicillium Citrinum and Aspergillus niger. The physiological and biochemical indexes of the chitosan-catechin coating treatment group were significantly higher than those of the control group (*p ≤ 0.05). In the toxicity test, mice injected with chitosan-catechin solution showed no significant difference compared to the control group. These results indicate that this chitosan-catechin coating may be useful as an antifungal and preserving agent for satsuma oranges. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: The fruit after harvest every year is a large loss due to improper storage, and the preservation of fruits is an effective way to reduce losses. The traditional fruit wrap is not degradable, and the preservation effect is relatively general. The chitosan film is a new type of edible fruit wrap, which has the advantages of being edible and easily degradable, and can effectively reduce environmental pollution. Adding catechin to the preparation process of chitosan film can better improve the fresh-keeping effect and prolong the preservation time of the fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Cheng
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Zhipeng Mou
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Weiyun Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Weiwei Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Zhiyan Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Mingjun Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Endong Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Dongdong Sun
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
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Biologically produced silver chloride nanoparticles from B. megaterium modulate interleukin secretion by human adipose stem cell spheroids. Cytotechnology 2018; 70:1655-1669. [PMID: 30386942 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-018-0257-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cell tissue constructs are likely to come into contact with silver-based nanoparticles-such as silver chloride nanoparticles (AgCl-NPs)-used as microbicidals at the implant site or in cosmetics. However, the effect of silver-based nanoparticles on 3D cell cultures with potential for tissue engineering has received little attention. Here, we examined the effect of sub-lethal doses (5, 10 and 25 µg/mL, for 1, 7 and 21 days) of AgCl-NPs produced by 'green' bacterial-based synthesis on spheroid 3D cultures of human adipose tissue stem cells (ASCs). Light microscopy analysis revealed that the shape and diameter of ASC spheroids remained largely unchanged after AgCl-NP treatment. Flow cytometry analysis with 7-AAD and 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate revealed no statistically significant differences in cell death but showed an increase of ROS levels for the untreated group and significant differences for the groups treated with 5 and 10 µg/mL at day 7 (p = 0.0395, p = 0.0266, respectively). Electron microscopy analysis showed limited cell damage in the periphery of AgCl-NP-treated spheroids. However, treatment with AgCl-NP had statistically significant effects on the secretion of IL-6, IL-8, IL-1β and IL-10 by spheroids, at specific treatment periods and concentrations, and particularly for IL-6, IL-8 and IL-1β. TGF-β1 and -β2 secretion also changed significantly throughout the treatment period. Our results indicate that, despite having little effect on cell viability and morphology, sub-lethal AgCL-NP doses modulate ROS production at day 7 for the groups treated with 5 and 10 µg/mL and also modulate the secretory profile of ASC spheroids. Thus, the use of skin implants or products containing Ag-NPs may promote long-term disturbances in subcutaneous adipose tissue homeostasis.
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Cristofaro F, Gigli M, Bloise N, Chen H, Bruni G, Munari A, Moroni L, Lotti N, Visai L. Influence of the nanofiber chemistry and orientation of biodegradable poly(butylene succinate)-based scaffolds on osteoblast differentiation for bone tissue regeneration. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:8689-8703. [PMID: 29701213 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr00677f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Innovative nanofibrous scaffolds have attracted considerable attention in bone tissue engineering, due to their ability to mimic the hierarchical architecture of an extracellular matrix. Aiming at investigating how the polymer chemistry and fiber orientation of electrospun scaffolds (ES) based on poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) and poly(butylene succinate/diglycolate) (P(BS80BDG20)) affect human osteoblast differentiation, uniaxially aligned (a-) and randomly (r-) distributed nanofibers were produced. Although human osteoblastic SAOS-2 cells were shown to be viable and adherent onto all ES materials, a-P(BS80BDG20) exhibited the best performance both in terms of cellular phosphorylated focal adhesion kinase expression and in terms of alkaline phosphatase activity, calcified bone matrix deposition and quantitative gene expression of bone specific markers during differentiation. It has been hypothesized that the presence of ether linkages may lead to an increased density of hydrogen bond acceptors along the P(BS80BDG20) backbone, which, by interacting with cell membrane components, can in turn promote a better cell attachment on the copolymer mats with respect to the PBS homopolymer. Furthermore, although displaying the same chemical structure, r-P(BS80BDG20) scaffolds showed a reduced cell attachment and osteogenic differentiation in comparison with a-P(BS80BDG20), evidencing the importance of nanofiber alignment. Thus, the coupled action of polymer chemical structure and nanofiber alignment played a significant role in promoting the biological interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Cristofaro
- Molecular Medicine Department (DMM), Center for Health Technologies (CHT), UdR INSTM, University of Pavia, Via Taramelli 3/B, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
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Borzenkov M, Chirico G, Collini M, Pallavicini P. Gold Nanoparticles for Tissue Engineering. ENVIRONMENTAL NANOTECHNOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-76090-2_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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18
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Nascimento J, Scelza MZ, Alves GG, Linhares A, Canabarro A, Granjeiro JM, De-Deus G. Cytocompatibility of a self-adhesive gutta-percha root-filling material. J Conserv Dent 2017; 20:152-156. [PMID: 29279616 PMCID: PMC5706313 DOI: 10.4103/0972-0707.218303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Context: A novel root-filling material based on the incorporation of ultrafine alkaline bioactive glass particles (bioactive gutta-percha, [BGP]) was developed to work without sealer. Aim: In the present study, the objective was to verify the in vitro biological response to this material by assessing its cytocompatibility. Materials and Methods: Prototypes of BGP were compared to conventional gutta-percha (GP), dense polystyrene beads as a negative control and fragments of latex as a positive control. Extracts of each material were prepared according to ISO 10993-5:2009, and human osteoblast-like cells in primary culture were exposed to all extracts for 24 h. Cell viability was assayed sequentially for three different parameters: mitochondrial activity, membrane integrity, and cell density. Statistical Analysis Used: Nonparametric analysis (using Kruskal–Wallis test combined with post hoc Dunn's test) was performed for comparison among groups, with significance established at 5%. Results: BGP reduced mitochondrial activity to 62% of control, but presented no toxicity on membrane integrity and proliferation assays. BGP effect on metabolism was dose-dependent and reduced to acceptable levels with dilution. Conclusion: The novel GP material presented slight dose-dependent effects on cell metabolism but did not affect cell survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joyce Nascimento
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Brazil
| | - Miriam Zaccaro Scelza
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Brazil
| | - Gutemberg Gomes Alves
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Brazil
| | - Adriana Linhares
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Brazil
| | - Antonio Canabarro
- Department of Periodontology, Veiga de Almeida University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Jose Mauro Granjeiro
- Bioengineering Division, National Institute of Metrology, Quality and Technology, Duque de Caxias, Brazil
| | - Gustavo De-Deus
- Department of Endodontics, Grande Rio University, Duque de Caxias, Brazil
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Mahmoudi M, Yu M, Serpooshan V, Wu JC, Langer R, Lee RT, Karp JM, Farokhzad OC. Multiscale technologies for treatment of ischemic cardiomyopathy. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 12:845-855. [PMID: 28875984 PMCID: PMC5717755 DOI: 10.1038/nnano.2017.167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The adult mammalian heart possesses only limited capacity for innate regeneration and the response to severe injury is dominated by the formation of scar tissue. Current therapy to replace damaged cardiac tissue is limited to cardiac transplantation and thus many patients suffer progressive decay in the heart's pumping capacity to the point of heart failure. Nanostructured systems have the potential to revolutionize both preventive and therapeutic approaches for treating cardiovascular disease. Here, we outline recent advancements in nanotechnology that could be exploited to overcome the major obstacles in the prevention of and therapy for heart disease. We also discuss emerging trends in nanotechnology affecting the cardiovascular field that may offer new hope for patients suffering massive heart attacks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morteza Mahmoudi
- Center for Nanomedicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 13169-43551, Iran
| | - Mikyung Yu
- Center for Nanomedicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Vahid Serpooshan
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Joseph C. Wu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
- Institute of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Robert Langer
- The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Richard T. Lee
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Jeffrey M. Karp
- Center for Nanomedicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Omid C. Farokhzad
- Center for Nanomedicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 13169-43551, Iran
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20
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Smolkova B, Dusinska M, Gabelova A. Nanomedicine and epigenome. Possible health risks. Food Chem Toxicol 2017; 109:780-796. [PMID: 28705729 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nanomedicine is an emerging field that combines knowledge of nanotechnology and material science with pharmaceutical and biomedical sciences, aiming to develop nanodrugs with increased efficacy and safety. Compared to conventional therapeutics, nanodrugs manifest higher stability and circulation time, reduced toxicity and improved targeted delivery. Despite the obvious benefit, the accumulation of imaging agents and nanocarriers in the body following their therapeutic or diagnostic application generates concerns about their safety for human health. Numerous toxicology studies have demonstrated that exposure to nanomaterials (NMs) might pose serious risks to humans. Epigenetic modifications, representing a non-genotoxic mechanism of toxicant-induced health effects, are becoming recognized as playing a potential causative role in the aetiology of many diseases including cancer. This review i) provides an overview of recent advances in medical applications of NMs and ii) summarizes current evidence on their possible epigenetic toxicity. To discern potential health risks of NMs, since current data are mostly based upon in vitro and animal models, a better understanding of functional relationships between NM exposure, epigenetic deregulation and phenotype is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bozena Smolkova
- Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 845 05 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Maria Dusinska
- Health Effects Laboratory MILK, NILU- Norwegian Institute for Air Research, 2007 Kjeller, Norway
| | - Alena Gabelova
- Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 845 05 Bratislava, Slovakia
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Gurtner GC, Chapman MA. Regenerative Medicine: Charting a New Course in Wound Healing. Adv Wound Care (New Rochelle) 2016; 5:314-328. [PMID: 27366592 PMCID: PMC4900191 DOI: 10.1089/wound.2015.0663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Significance: Chronic wounds are a prevalent and costly problem in the United States. Improved treatments are needed to heal these wounds and prevent serious complications such as infection and amputation. Recent Advances: In wound healing, as in other areas of medicine, technologies that have the potential to regenerate as opposed to repair tissue are gaining ground. These include customizable nanofiber matrices incorporating novel materials; a variety of autologous and allogeneic cell types at various stages of differentiation (e.g., pluripotent, terminally differentiated); peptides; proteins; small molecules; RNA inhibitors; and gene therapies. Critical Issues: Wound healing is a logical target for regenerative medicine due to the accessibility and structure of skin, the regenerative nature of healing, the lack of good limb salvage treatments, and the current use of cell therapies. However, more extensive knowledge of pathophysiologic targets is needed to inform regenerative strategies, and new technologies must demonstrate value in terms of outcomes and related health economic measures to achieve successful market access and penetration. Future Directions: Due to similarities in cell pathways and developmental mechanisms, regenerative technologies developed in one therapeutic area may be applicable to others. Approaches that proceed from human genomic or other big data sources to models are becoming increasingly common and will likely suggest novel therapeutic avenues. To fully capitalize on the advances in regenerative medicine, studies must demonstrate the value of new therapies in identified patient populations, and sponsors must work with regulatory agencies to develop appropriate dossiers supporting timely approval.
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Vercellino M, Ceccarelli G, Cristofaro F, Balli M, Bertoglio F, Bruni G, Benedetti L, Avanzini MA, Imbriani M, Visai L. Nanostructured TiO₂ Surfaces Promote Human Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells Differentiation to Osteoblasts. NANOMATERIALS 2016; 6:nano6070124. [PMID: 28335251 PMCID: PMC5224601 DOI: 10.3390/nano6070124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Revised: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Micro- and nano-patterning/modification are emerging strategies to improve surfaces properties that may influence critically cells adherence and differentiation. Aim of this work was to study the in vitro biological reactivity of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) to a nanostructured titanium dioxide (TiO2) surface in comparison to a coverglass (Glass) in two different culture conditions: with (osteogenic medium (OM)) and without (proliferative medium (PM)) osteogenic factors. To evaluate cell adhesion, hBMSCs phosphorylated focal adhesion kinase (pFAK) foci were analyzed by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) at 24 h: the TiO2 surface showed a higher number of pFAK foci with respect to Glass. The hBMSCs differentiation to osteoblasts was evaluated in both PM and OM culture conditions by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), CLSM and real-time quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) at 28 days. In comparison with Glass, TiO2 surface in combination with OM conditions increased the content of extracellular bone proteins, calcium deposition and alkaline phosphatase activity. The qRT-PCR analysis revealed, both in PM and OM, that TiO2 surface increased at seven and 28 days the expression of osteogenic genes. All together, these results demonstrate the capability of TiO2 nanostructured surface to promote hBMSCs osteoblast differentiation and its potentiality in biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Vercellino
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Center for Health Technologies (CHT), UdR INSTM, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 3/b, Pavia 27100, Italy.
| | - Gabriele Ceccarelli
- Department of Public Health, Experimental Medicine and Forensic, Human Anatomy Unit, Center of Health Technologies (CHT), University of Pavia, Viale Forlanini 8, Pavia 27100, Italy.
| | - Francesco Cristofaro
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Center for Health Technologies (CHT), UdR INSTM, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 3/b, Pavia 27100, Italy.
| | - Martina Balli
- Department of Public Health, Experimental Medicine and Forensic, Human Anatomy Unit, Center of Health Technologies (CHT), University of Pavia, Viale Forlanini 8, Pavia 27100, Italy.
| | - Federico Bertoglio
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Center for Health Technologies (CHT), UdR INSTM, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 3/b, Pavia 27100, Italy.
| | - Gianna Bruni
- Department of Chemistry-Physical-Chemistry Section, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 16, Pavia 27100, Italy.
| | - Laura Benedetti
- Department of Public Health, Experimental Medicine and Forensic, Human Anatomy Unit, Center of Health Technologies (CHT), University of Pavia, Viale Forlanini 8, Pavia 27100, Italy.
| | - Maria Antonietta Avanzini
- Laboratory of Transplant Immunology/Cell Factory, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico "San Matteo", P.le Golgi 19, Pavia 27100, Italy.
| | - Marcello Imbriani
- Department of Public Health, Experimental Medicine and Forensic, Human Anatomy Unit, Center of Health Technologies (CHT), University of Pavia, Viale Forlanini 8, Pavia 27100, Italy.
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Toxicology and Environmental Risks, S. Maugeri Foundation, IRCCS, Via S.Boezio 28, Pavia 27100, Italy.
| | - Livia Visai
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Center for Health Technologies (CHT), UdR INSTM, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 3/b, Pavia 27100, Italy.
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Toxicology and Environmental Risks, S. Maugeri Foundation, IRCCS, Via S.Boezio 28, Pavia 27100, Italy.
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Winkler DA. Recent advances, and unresolved issues, in the application of computational modelling to the prediction of the biological effects of nanomaterials. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2016; 299:96-100. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2015.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Revised: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Cleymand F, Zhang H, Dostert G, Menu P, Arab-Tehrany E, Velot E, Mano JF. Membranes combining chitosan and natural-origin nanoliposomes for tissue engineering. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra13568d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Chitosan thin films, elaborated by solvent casting, were functionalized by incorporating nanoliposomes based on natural vegetable (soy based) and marine (salmon derived) lecithin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franck Cleymand
- Institut Jean Lamour
- UMR 7198 CNRS – Université de Lorraine
- Nancy Cedex
- France
| | - Hongyuan Zhang
- Institut Jean Lamour
- UMR 7198 CNRS – Université de Lorraine
- Nancy Cedex
- France
| | - Gabriel Dostert
- UMR 7365 CNRS – Université de Lorraine
- Ingénierie Moléculaire et Physiopathologie Articulaire (IMoPA)
- Biopôle de l'Université de Lorraine
- Campus Biologie-Santé
- Faculté de Médecine
| | - Patrick Menu
- UMR 7365 CNRS – Université de Lorraine
- Ingénierie Moléculaire et Physiopathologie Articulaire (IMoPA)
- Biopôle de l'Université de Lorraine
- Campus Biologie-Santé
- Faculté de Médecine
| | - Elmira Arab-Tehrany
- Laboratoire d'Ingénierie des Biomolécules
- Nancy-Université
- F 54504 Vandœuvre-Lès-Nancy Cedex
- France
| | - Emilie Velot
- UMR 7365 CNRS – Université de Lorraine
- Ingénierie Moléculaire et Physiopathologie Articulaire (IMoPA)
- Biopôle de l'Université de Lorraine
- Campus Biologie-Santé
- Faculté de Médecine
| | - João F. Mano
- Institut Jean Lamour
- UMR 7198 CNRS – Université de Lorraine
- Nancy Cedex
- France
- Department of Chemistry
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26
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Tansik G, Kilic E, Beter M, Demiralp B, Kiziltas Sendur G, Can N, Ozkan H, Ergul E, Guler MO, Tekinay AB. A glycosaminoglycan mimetic peptide nanofiber gel as an osteoinductive scaffold. Biomater Sci 2016; 4:1328-39. [DOI: 10.1039/c6bm00179c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The self-assembling injectable bioactive peptide nanofibers have a potential therapeutic effect for acceleration of healing of bone defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulistan Tansik
- Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology
- National Nanotechnology Research Center (UNAM)
- Bilkent University
- Ankara 06800
- Turkey
| | | | - Mustafa Beter
- Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology
- National Nanotechnology Research Center (UNAM)
- Bilkent University
- Ankara 06800
- Turkey
| | - Bahtiyar Demiralp
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology
- Istanbul Medipol University
- Istanbul 34718
- Turkey
| | - Gullu Kiziltas Sendur
- Faculty of Engineering and Sciences
- Sabanci University
- Istanbul 34956
- Turkey
- Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center
| | - Nuray Can
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology
- Gulhane Military Medical Academy
- Ankara 06010
- Turkey
| | - Huseyin Ozkan
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology
- Gulhane Military Medical Academy
- Ankara 06010
- Turkey
| | - Elif Ergul
- Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology
- National Nanotechnology Research Center (UNAM)
- Bilkent University
- Ankara 06800
- Turkey
| | - Mustafa O. Guler
- Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology
- National Nanotechnology Research Center (UNAM)
- Bilkent University
- Ankara 06800
- Turkey
| | - Ayse B. Tekinay
- Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology
- National Nanotechnology Research Center (UNAM)
- Bilkent University
- Ankara 06800
- Turkey
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27
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Novotna B, Turnovcova K, Veverka P, Rössner P, Bagryantseva Y, Herynek V, Zvatora P, Vosmanska M, Klementova M, Sykova E, Jendelova P. The impact of silica encapsulated cobalt zinc ferrite nanoparticles on DNA, lipids and proteins of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Nanotoxicology 2015; 10:662-70. [PMID: 26581309 DOI: 10.3109/17435390.2015.1107144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Nanomaterials are currently the subject of intense research due to their wide variety of potential applications in the biomedical, optical and electronic fields. We prepared and tested cobalt zinc ferrite nanoparticles (Co0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4+γ [CZF-NPs]) encapsulated by amorphous silica in order to find a safe contrast agent and magnetic label for tracking transplanted cells within an organism using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Rat mesenchymal stem cells (rMSCs) were labeled for 48 h with a low, medium or high dose of CZF-NPs (0.05; 0.11 or 0.55 mM); silica NPs (Si-NPs; 0.11 mM) served as a positive control. The internalization of NPs into cells was verified by transmission electron microscopy. Biological effects were analyzed at the end of exposure and after an additional 72 h of cell growth without NPs. Compared to untreated cells, Annexin V/Propidium Iodide labeling revealed no significant cytotoxicity for any group of treated cells and only a high dose of CZF-NPs slowed down cell proliferation and induced DNA damage, manifested as a significant increase of DNA-strand breaks and oxidized DNA bases. This was accompanied by high concentrations of 15-F2t-isoprostane and carbonyl groups, demonstrating oxidative injury to lipids and proteins, respectively. No harmful effects were detected in cells exposed to the low dose of CZF-NPs. Nevertheless, the labeled cells still exhibited an adequate relaxation rate for MRI in repeated experiments and ICP-MS confirmed sufficient magnetic label concentrations inside the cells. The results suggest that the silica-coated CZF-NPs, when applied at a non-toxic dose, represent a promising contrast agent for cell labeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bozena Novotna
- a Department of Genetic Ecotoxicology , Institute of Experimental Medicine AS CR , v.v.i., Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Karolina Turnovcova
- a Department of Genetic Ecotoxicology , Institute of Experimental Medicine AS CR , v.v.i., Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Veverka
- b Institute of Physics, AS CR, v.v.i. , Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Rössner
- a Department of Genetic Ecotoxicology , Institute of Experimental Medicine AS CR , v.v.i., Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Yana Bagryantseva
- a Department of Genetic Ecotoxicology , Institute of Experimental Medicine AS CR , v.v.i., Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Vit Herynek
- c Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine , Prague , Czech Republic
| | | | - Magda Vosmanska
- e University of Chemistry and Technology , Prague , Czech Republic , and
| | - Mariana Klementova
- f New Technologies - Research Centre, University of West Bohemia , Pilsen , Czech Republic
| | - Eva Sykova
- a Department of Genetic Ecotoxicology , Institute of Experimental Medicine AS CR , v.v.i., Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Pavla Jendelova
- a Department of Genetic Ecotoxicology , Institute of Experimental Medicine AS CR , v.v.i., Prague , Czech Republic
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28
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Minardi S, Pandolfi L, Taraballi F, De Rosa E, Yazdi IK, Liu X, Ferrari M, Tasciotti E. PLGA-Mesoporous Silicon Microspheres for the in Vivo Controlled Temporospatial Delivery of Proteins. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:16364-16373. [PMID: 26108253 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b03464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In regenerative medicine, the temporospatially controlled delivery of growth factors (GFs) is crucial to trigger the desired healing mechanisms in the target tissues. The uncontrolled release of GFs has been demonstrated to cause severe side effects in the surrounding tissues. The aim of this study was to optimize a translational approach for the fine temporal and spatial control over the release of proteins, in vivo. Hence, we proposed a newly developed multiscale composite microsphere based on a core consisting of the nanostructured silicon multistage vector (MSV) and a poly(dl-lactide-co-glycolide) acid (PLGA) outer shell. Both of the two components of the resulting composite microspheres (PLGA-MSV) can be independently tailored to achieve multiple release kinetics contributing to the control of the release profile of a reporter protein in vitro. The influence of MSV shape (hemispherical or discoidal) and size (1, 3, or 7 μm) on PLGA-MSV's morphology and size distribution was investigated. Second, the copolymer ratio of the PLGA used to fabricate the outer shell of PLGA-MSV was varied. The composites were fully characterized by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, ζ potential, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis-differential scanning calorimetry, and their release kinetics over 30 days. PLGA-MSV's biocompatibility was assessed in vitro with J774 macrophages. Finally, the formulation of PLGA-MSV was selected, which concurrently provided the most consistent microsphere size and allowed for a zero-order release kinetic. The selected PLGA-MSVs were injected in a subcutaneous model in mice, and the in vivo release of the reporter protein was followed over 2 weeks by intravital microscopy, to assess if the zero-order release was preserved. PLGA-MSV was able to retain the payload over 2 weeks, avoiding the initial burst release typical of most drug delivery systems. Finally, histological evaluation assessed the biocompatibility of the platform in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Minardi
- †Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6670 Bertner Avenue, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
- ‡Institute of Science and Technology for Ceramics, National Research Council of Italy, Via Granarolo 64, 48018 Faenza, Ravenna, Italy
| | - Laura Pandolfi
- †Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6670 Bertner Avenue, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
- §College of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Science, 19A Yuquanlu, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Francesca Taraballi
- †Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6670 Bertner Avenue, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Enrica De Rosa
- †Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6670 Bertner Avenue, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Iman K Yazdi
- †Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6670 Bertner Avenue, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Xeuwu Liu
- †Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6670 Bertner Avenue, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Mauro Ferrari
- †Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6670 Bertner Avenue, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Ennio Tasciotti
- †Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6670 Bertner Avenue, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
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29
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Lai GJ, Shalumon KT, Chen JP. Response of human mesenchymal stem cells to intrafibrillar nanohydroxyapatite content and extrafibrillar nanohydroxyapatite in biomimetic chitosan/silk fibroin/nanohydroxyapatite nanofibrous membrane scaffolds. Int J Nanomedicine 2015; 10:567-84. [PMID: 25609962 PMCID: PMC4298333 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s73780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Incorporation of nanohydroxyapatite (nHAP) within a chitosan (CS)/silk fibroin (SF) nanofibrous membrane scaffold (NMS) may provide a favorable microenvironment that more closely mimics the natural bone tissue physiology and facilitates enhanced osteogensis of the implanted cell population. In this study, we prepared pristine CS/SF NMS, composite CS/SF/nHAP NMS containing intrafibrillar nHAP by in situ blending of 10% or 30% nHAP before the electrospinning step, and composite CS/SF/nHAP NMS containing extrafibrillar nHAP by depositing 30% nHAP through alternative soaking surface mineralization. We investigated the effect of the incorporation of HAP nanoparticles on the physicochemical properties of pristine and composite NMS. We confirmed the presence of ~30 nm nHAP in the composite nanofibrous membranes by thermogravimetry analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), either embedded in or exposed on the nanofiber. Nonetheless, the alternative soaking surface mineralization method drastically influenced the mechanical properties of the NMS with 88% and 94% drop in Young’s modulus and ultimate maximum stress. Using in vitro cell culture experiments, we investigated the effects of nHAP content and location on proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). The proliferation of hMSCs showed no significant difference among pristine and composite NMS. However, the extent of osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs was found to be positively correlated with the content of nHAP in the NMS, while its location within the nanofiber played a less significant role. In vivo experiments were carried out with hMSCs seeded in CS/SF/30%nHAP NMS prepared by in situ blending and subcutaneous implantation in nude mice. Micro-computed tomography images as well as histological and immunohistochemical analysis of the retrieved hMSCs/NMS construct 1 and 2 months postimplantation indicated that NMS had the potential for bone regeneration and can be suggested as a promising scaffold for bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Jyun Lai
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - K T Shalumon
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Jyh-Ping Chen
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan, Republic of China ; Research Center for Industry of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan, Republic of China
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