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Foglietta F, Panzanelli P, Pizzo R, Giacone M, Pepa CD, Durando G, Serpe L, Canaparo R. Evaluation of the cytotoxic and immunomodulatory effects of sonodynamic therapy in human pancreatic cancer spheroids. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2024; 251:112842. [PMID: 38232641 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2024.112842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Sonodynamic therapy (SDT) exploits the energy generated by ultrasound (US) to activate sound-sensitive drugs (sonosensitizers), leading to the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cancer cell death. Two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) cultures of human pancreatic cancer BxPC-3 cells were chosen as the models with which to investigate the therapeutic effects of the US-activated sonosensitizer IR-780 as pancreatic cancer is still one of the most lethal types of cancer. The effects of SDT, including ROS production, cancer cell death and immunogenic cell death (ICD), were extensively investigated. When subjected to US, IR-780 triggered significant ROS production and caused cancer cell death after 24 h (p ≤ 0.01). Additionally, the activation of dendritic cells (DCs) led to an effective immune response against the cancer cells undergoing SDT-induced death. BxPC-3 spheroids were developed and studied extensively to validate the findings observed in 2D BxPC-3 cell cultures. An analysis of the pancreatic cancer spheroid section revealed significant SDT-induced cancer cell death after 48 h after the treatment (p ≤ 0.01), with this being accompanied by the presence of SDT-induced damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), such as calreticulin (CRT) and high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1). In conclusion, the data obtained demonstrates the anticancer efficacy of SDT and its immunomodulatory potential via action as an ICD-inducer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Foglietta
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 13, 10125 Torino, Italy.
| | - Patrizia Panzanelli
- Department of Neuroscience Rita Levi Montalcini, University of Torino, Via Cherasco 15, 10126 Torino, Italy.
| | - Riccardo Pizzo
- Department of Neuroscience Rita Levi Montalcini, University of Torino, Via Cherasco 15, 10126 Torino, Italy.
| | - Marta Giacone
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 13, 10125 Torino, Italy.
| | - Carlo Della Pepa
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 13, 10125 Torino, Italy.
| | - Gianni Durando
- National Institute of Metrological Research (INRIM), Strada delle Cacce 91, 10135 Torino, Italy.
| | - Loredana Serpe
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 13, 10125 Torino, Italy.
| | - Roberto Canaparo
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 13, 10125 Torino, Italy.
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Yang F, Dong J, Li Z, Wang Z. Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOF)-Assisted Sonodynamic Therapy in Anticancer Applications. ACS NANO 2023; 17:4102-4133. [PMID: 36802411 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c10251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Sonodynamic therapy (SDT) has emerged as a promising therapeutic modality for anticancer treatments and is becoming a cutting-edge interdisciplinary research field. This review starts with the latest developments of SDT and provides a brief comprehensive discussion on ultrasonic cavitation, sonodynamic effect, and sonosensitizers in order to popularize the basic principles and probable mechanisms of SDT. Then the recent progress of MOF-based sonosensitizers is overviewed, and the preparation methods and properties (e.g., morphology, structure, and size) of products are presented in a fundamental perspective. More importantly, many deep observations and understanding toward MOF-assisted SDT strategies were described in anticancer applications, aiming to highlight the advantages and improvements of MOF-augmented SDT and synergistic therapies. Last but not least, the review also pointed out the probable challenges and technological potential of MOF-assisted SDT for the future advance. In all, the discussions and summaries of MOF-based sonosensitizers and SDT strategies will promote the fast development of anticancer nanodrugs and biotechnologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Instrumental Analysis Center, Shandong Sino-Japanese Center for Collaborative Research of Carbon Nanomaterials, Qingdao University, 266071 Qingdao, China
| | - Jun Dong
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Instrumental Analysis Center, Shandong Sino-Japanese Center for Collaborative Research of Carbon Nanomaterials, Qingdao University, 266071 Qingdao, China
| | - Zhanfeng Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Instrumental Analysis Center, Shandong Sino-Japanese Center for Collaborative Research of Carbon Nanomaterials, Qingdao University, 266071 Qingdao, China
| | - Zonghua Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Instrumental Analysis Center, Shandong Sino-Japanese Center for Collaborative Research of Carbon Nanomaterials, Qingdao University, 266071 Qingdao, China
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Tumor Spheroids as Model to Design Acoustically Mediated Drug Therapies: A Review. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15030806. [PMID: 36986667 PMCID: PMC10056013 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15030806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor spheroids as well as multicellular tumor spheroids (MCTSs) are promising 3D in vitro tumor models for drug screening, drug design, drug targeting, drug toxicity, and validation of drug delivery methods. These models partly reflect the tridimensional architecture of tumors, their heterogeneity and their microenvironment, which can alter the intratumoral biodistribution, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of drugs. The present review first focuses on current spheroid formation methods and then on in vitro investigations exploiting spheroids and MCTS for designing and validating acoustically mediated drug therapies. We discuss the limitations of the current studies and future perspectives. Various spheroid formation methods enable the easy and reproducible generation of spheroids and MCTSs. The development and assessment of acoustically mediated drug therapies have been mainly demonstrated in spheroids made up of tumor cells only. Despite the promising results obtained with these spheroids, the successful evaluation of these therapies will need to be addressed in more relevant 3D vascular MCTS models using MCTS-on-chip platforms. These MTCSs will be generated from patient-derived cancer cells and nontumor cells, such as fibroblasts, adipocytes, and immune cells.
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Canaparo R, Foglietta F, Barbero N, Serpe L. The promising interplay between sonodynamic therapy and nanomedicine. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 189:114495. [PMID: 35985374 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Sonodynamic therapy (SDT) is a non-invasive approach for cancer treatment in which chemical compounds, named sonosensitizers, are activated by non-thermal ultrasound (US), able to deeply penetrate into the tissues. Despite increasing interest, the underlying mechanisms by which US triggers the sonosensitizer therapeutic activity are not yet clearly elucidate, slowing down SDT clinical application. In this review we will discuss the main mechanisms involved in SDT with particular attention to the sonosensitizers involved for each described mechanism, in order to highlight how much important are the physicochemical properties of the sonosensitizers and their cellular localization to predict their bioeffects. Moreover, we will also focus our attention on the pivotal role of nanomedicine providing the sonodynamic anticancer approach with the ability to shape US-responsive agents to enhance specific sonodynamic effects as the sonoluminescence-mediated anticancer effects. Indeed, SDT is one of the biomedical fields that has significantly improved in recent years due to the increased knowledge of nanosized materials. The shift of the nanosystem from a delivery system for a therapeutic agent to a therapeutic agent in itself represents a real breakthrough in the development of SDT. In doing so, we have also highlighted potential areas in this field, where substantial improvements may provide a valid SDT implementation as a cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Canaparo
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Torino, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Federica Foglietta
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Torino, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Nadia Barbero
- Department of Chemistry, NIS Interdepartmental Centre and INSTM Reference Centre, University of Torino, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Loredana Serpe
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Torino, 10125 Torino, Italy.
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Zhang Y, Zhao Y, Zhang Y, Liu Q, Zhang M, Tu K. The crosstalk between sonodynamic therapy and autophagy in cancer. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:961725. [PMID: 36046833 PMCID: PMC9421066 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.961725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
As a noninvasive treatment approach for cancer and other diseases, sonodynamic therapy (SDT) has attracted extensive attention due to the deep penetration of ultrasound, good focusing, and selective irradiation sites. However, intrinsic limitations of traditional sonosensitizers hinder the widespread application of SDT. With the development of nanotechnology, nanoparticles as sonosensitizers or as a vehicle to deliver sonosensitizers have been designed and used to target tissues or tumor cells with high specificity and accuracy. Autophagy is a common metabolic alteration in both normal cells and tumor cells. When autophagy happens, a double-membrane autophagosome with sequestrated intracellular components is delivered and fused with lysosomes for degradation. Recycling these cell materials can promote survival under a variety of stress conditions. Numerous studies have revealed that both apoptosis and autophagy occur after SDT. This review summarizes recent progress in autophagy activation by SDT through multiple mechanisms in tumor therapies, drug resistance, and lipid catabolism. A promising tumor therapy, which combines SDT with autophagy inhibition using a nanoparticle delivering system, is presented and investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuanru Zhao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qingguang Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Mingzhen Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- *Correspondence: Mingzhen Zhang, ; Kangsheng Tu,
| | - Kangsheng Tu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- *Correspondence: Mingzhen Zhang, ; Kangsheng Tu,
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Foglietta F, Canaparo R, Cossari S, Panzanelli P, Dosio F, Serpe L. Ultrasound Triggers Hypericin Activation Leading to Multifaceted Anticancer Activity. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:1102. [PMID: 35631688 PMCID: PMC9146189 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14051102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of ultrasound (US) in combination with a responsive chemical agent (sonosensitizer) can selectively trigger the agent's anticancer activity in a process called sonodynamic therapy (SDT). SDT shares some properties with photodynamic therapy (PDT), which has been clinically approved, but sets itself apart because of its use of US rather than light to achieve better tissue penetration. SDT provides anticancer effects mainly via the sonosensitizer-mediated generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), although the precise nature of the underpinning mechanism is still under debate. This work investigates the SDT anticancer activity of hypericin (Hyp) in vitro in two- (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) HT-29 colon cancer models, and uses PDT as a yardstick due to its well-known Hyp phototoxicity. The cancer cell uptake and cellular localization of Hyp were investigated first to determine the proper noncytotoxic concentration and incubation time of Hyp for SDT. Furthermore, ROS production, cell proliferation, and cell death were evaluated after Hyp was exposed to US. Since cancer relapse and transporter-mediated multidrug resistance (MDR) are important causes of cancer treatment failure, the US-mediated ability of Hyp to elicit immunogenic cell death (ICD) and overcome MDR was also investigated. SDT showed strong ROS-mediated anticancer activity 48 h after treatment in both the HT-29 models. Specific damage-associated molecular patterns that are consistent with ICD, such as calreticulin (CRT) exposure and high-mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1) release, were observed after SDT with Hyp. Moreover, the expression of the ABC transporter, P-glycoprotein (P-gp), in HT-29/MDR cells was not able to hinder cancer cell responsiveness to SDT with Hyp. This work reveals, for the first time, the US responsiveness of Hyp with significant anticancer activity being displayed, making it a full-fledged sonosensitizer for the SDT of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Foglietta
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Torino, 10125 Torino, Italy; (F.F.); (R.C.); (S.C.); (L.S.)
| | - Roberto Canaparo
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Torino, 10125 Torino, Italy; (F.F.); (R.C.); (S.C.); (L.S.)
| | - Simone Cossari
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Torino, 10125 Torino, Italy; (F.F.); (R.C.); (S.C.); (L.S.)
| | - Patrizia Panzanelli
- Department of Neuroscience Rita Levi Montalcini, University of Torino, 10125 Torino, Italy;
| | - Franco Dosio
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Torino, 10125 Torino, Italy; (F.F.); (R.C.); (S.C.); (L.S.)
| | - Loredana Serpe
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Torino, 10125 Torino, Italy; (F.F.); (R.C.); (S.C.); (L.S.)
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Alphandéry E. Ultrasound and nanomaterial: an efficient pair to fight cancer. J Nanobiotechnology 2022; 20:139. [PMID: 35300712 PMCID: PMC8930287 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-022-01243-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Ultrasounds are often used in cancer treatment protocols, e.g. to collect tumor tissues in the right location using ultrasound-guided biopsy, to image the region of the tumor using more affordable and easier to use apparatus than MRI and CT, or to ablate tumor tissues using HIFU. The efficacy of these methods can be further improved by combining them with various nano-systems, thus enabling: (i) a better resolution of ultrasound imaging, allowing for example the visualization of angiogenic blood vessels, (ii) the specific tumor targeting of anti-tumor chemotherapeutic drugs or gases attached to or encapsulated in nano-systems and released in a controlled manner in the tumor under ultrasound application, (iii) tumor treatment at tumor site using more moderate heating temperatures than with HIFU. Furthermore, some nano-systems display adjustable sizes, i.e. nanobubbles can grow into micro-bubbles. Such dual size is advantageous since it enables gathering within the same unit the targeting properties of nano bubbles via EPR effect and the enhanced ultrasound contrasting properties of micro bubbles. Interestingly, the way in which nano-systems act against a tumor could in principle also be adjusted by accurately selecting the nano-system among a large choice and by tuning the values of the ultrasound parameters, which can lead, due to their mechanical nature, to specific effects such as cavitation that are usually not observed with purely electromagnetic waves and can potentially help destroying the tumor. This review highlights the clinical potential of these combined treatments that can improve the benefit/risk ratio of current cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edouard Alphandéry
- Sorbonne Université, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, UMR CNRS, 7590, IRD, Institut de Minéralogie, de Physique des Matériaux et de. Cosmochimie, IMPMC, 75005, Paris, France. .,Nanobacterie SARL, 36 boulevard Flandrin, 75116, Paris, France. .,Institute of Anatomy, UZH University of Zurich, Instiute of Anatomy, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland.
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Foglietta F, Panzanelli P, Serpe L, Canaparo R. Exploiting Shock Waves to Trigger the Anticancer Sonodynamic Activity of 5-Aminolevulinc Acid-Derived Protoporphyrin IX on In Vitro 2D and 3D Cancer Models. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10030615. [PMID: 35327417 PMCID: PMC8944964 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10030615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sonodynamic therapy (SDT) is a noninvasive method for cancer treatment based on selective activation of a sonosensitiser by ultrasound (US), which results in the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cancer cell death. SDT uses a similar approach to photodynamic therapy (PDT), but can overcome the main drawback of PDT, i.e., poor tissue penetration of light. This research work investigated the anticancer effect of SDT on various two- (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) in vitro tumour models, using PDT as a reference treatment. Sonodynamic experiments were performed with pulsed US, specifically with shock waves (SW) and the prodrug 5-aminolevulinic acid (Ala), which is converted—at the mitochondrial level—into the sonosensitiser protoporphyrin IX (PPIX). SW-mediated PPIX sonodynamic activation resulted in a significant decrease in cell proliferation, especially on human fibrosarcoma (HT-1080) cells, where PPIX accumulation was higher compared to human melanoma (A2058) and neuroblastoma (SH-SY5 Y) cells. Moreover, SW-mediated SDT showed significant ROS generation, cell line-dependent in its amount, probably due to differences in Ala-induced PPIX synthesis. In all cancer cell lines, apoptosis was highlighted as the main cancer cell death pathway determined by SW-mediated SDT, along with significant cytochrome c release, and a consequent increase in DNA damage. The efficacy of SDT with SW and Ala in halting cancer cell proliferation was also confirmed in 3D cancer spheroids. The present study suggests that SW-mediated SDT is a valuable approach to slow down tumour proliferation, thus opening an innovative scenario in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Foglietta
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 13, 10125 Torino, Italy; (F.F.); (R.C.)
| | - Patrizia Panzanelli
- Department of Neuroscience Rita Levi Montalcini, University of Torino, Via Cherasco 15, 10126 Torino, Italy;
| | - Loredana Serpe
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 13, 10125 Torino, Italy; (F.F.); (R.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-011-6706235
| | - Roberto Canaparo
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 13, 10125 Torino, Italy; (F.F.); (R.C.)
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Foglietta F, Gola G, Biasibetti E, Capucchio MT, Bruni I, Francovich A, Durando G, Serpe L, Canaparo R. 5-Aminolevulinic Acid Triggered by Ultrasound Halts Tumor Proliferation in a Syngeneic Model of Breast Cancer. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:972. [PMID: 34681196 PMCID: PMC8540919 DOI: 10.3390/ph14100972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Sonodynamic therapy is a bimodal therapeutic approach in which a chemical compound and ultrasound (US) synergistically act to elicit oxidative damage, triggering cancer cell death. Despite encouraging results, mainly for anticancer treatment, sonodynamics is still far from having a clinical application. Therefore, to close the gap between the bench and bedside, more in vivo studies are needed. In this investigation, the combined effect of 5-aminolevulinic acid (Ala), a natural porphyrin precursor, plus exposure to US, was investigated in vivo on a syngeneic breast cancer model. Real-time RT-PCR, Western blotting, and immunohistochemistry assays were performed to evaluate the effect of sonodynamic treatment on the main cancer hallmarks. The sonodynamic-treated group had a significant reduction (p ≤ 0.0001) in tumor size compared to the untreated group, and the Ala- and US-only treated groups, where a strong decrease (p ≤ 0.0001) in Ki67 protein expression was the most relevant feature of sonodynamic-treated cancer tissues. Moreover, oxidative stress was confirmed as the pivotal driver of the anticancer effect through cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, and autophagy; thus, sonodynamics should be explored further for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Foglietta
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Torino, 10125 Torino, Italy; (F.F.); (G.G.); (R.C.)
| | - Giulia Gola
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Torino, 10125 Torino, Italy; (F.F.); (G.G.); (R.C.)
| | - Elena Biasibetti
- Histopathology Department CIBA, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale di Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, 10154 Torino, Italy;
| | - Maria Teresa Capucchio
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Torino, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy; (M.T.C.); (I.B.)
| | - Iside Bruni
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Torino, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy; (M.T.C.); (I.B.)
| | - Andrea Francovich
- Institut de Physiologie, Université de Fribourg, 1770 Fribourg, Switzerland;
| | - Gianni Durando
- National Institute of Metrological Research (INRIM), 10135 Torino, Italy;
| | - Loredana Serpe
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Torino, 10125 Torino, Italy; (F.F.); (G.G.); (R.C.)
| | - Roberto Canaparo
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Torino, 10125 Torino, Italy; (F.F.); (G.G.); (R.C.)
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Li L, Lin H, Li D, Zeng Y, Liu G. Ultrasound activated nanosensitizers for sonodynamic therapy and theranostics. Biomed Mater 2021; 16:022008. [DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/abd382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Racca L, Cauda V. Remotely Activated Nanoparticles for Anticancer Therapy. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2020; 13:11. [PMID: 34138198 PMCID: PMC8187688 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-020-00537-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Cancer has nowadays become one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Conventional anticancer approaches are associated with different limitations. Therefore, innovative methodologies are being investigated, and several researchers propose the use of remotely activated nanoparticles to trigger cancer cell death. The idea is to conjugate two different components, i.e., an external physical input and nanoparticles. Both are given in a harmless dose that once combined together act synergistically to therapeutically treat the cell or tissue of interest, thus also limiting the negative outcomes for the surrounding tissues. Tuning both the properties of the nanomaterial and the involved triggering stimulus, it is possible furthermore to achieve not only a therapeutic effect, but also a powerful platform for imaging at the same time, obtaining a nano-theranostic application. In the present review, we highlight the role of nanoparticles as therapeutic or theranostic tools, thus excluding the cases where a molecular drug is activated. We thus present many examples where the highly cytotoxic power only derives from the active interaction between different physical inputs and nanoparticles. We perform a special focus on mechanical waves responding nanoparticles, in which remotely activated nanoparticles directly become therapeutic agents without the need of the administration of chemotherapeutics or sonosensitizing drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Racca
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, C.so Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129, Turin, Italy
| | - Valentina Cauda
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, C.so Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129, Turin, Italy.
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12
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pH-Responsive Polyketone/5,10,15,20-Tetrakis-(Sulfonatophenyl)Porphyrin Supramolecular Submicron Colloidal Structures. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12092017. [PMID: 32899443 PMCID: PMC7563153 DOI: 10.3390/polym12092017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, we prepared color-changing colloids by using the electrostatic self-assembly approach. The supramolecular structures are composed of a pH-responsive polymeric surfactant and the water-soluble porphyrin 5,10,15,20-tetrakis-(sulfonatophenyl)porphyrin (TPPS). The pH-responsive surfactant polymer was achieved by the chemical modification of an alternating aliphatic polyketone (PK) via the Paal–Knorr reaction with N-(2-hydroxyethyl)ethylenediamine (HEDA). The resulting polymer/dye supramolecular systems form colloids at the submicron level displaying negative zeta potential at neutral and basic pH, and, at acidic pH, flocculation is observed. Remarkably, the colloids showed a gradual color change from green to pinky-red due to the protonation/deprotonation process of TPPS from pH 2 to pH 12, revealing different aggregation behavior.
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13
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Exploiting Lipid and Polymer Nanocarriers to Improve the Anticancer Sonodynamic Activity of Chlorophyll. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12070605. [PMID: 32629767 PMCID: PMC7408081 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12070605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Sonodynamic therapy is an emerging approach that uses low-intensity ultrasound to activate a sonosensitizer agent triggering its cytotoxicity for selective cancer cell killing. Several molecules have been proposed as sonosensitizer agents, but most of these, as chlorophyll, are strongly hydrophobic with a low selectivity towards cancer tissues. Nanocarriers can help to deliver more efficiently the sonosensitizer agents in the target tumor site, increasing at the same time their sonodynamic effect, since nanosystems act as cavitation nuclei. Herein, we propose the incorporation of unmodified plant-extracted chlorophyll into nanocarriers with different composition and structure (i.e., liposomes, solid lipid nanoparticles and poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles) to obtain aqueous formulations of this natural pigment. The nanocarriers have been deeply characterized and then incubated with human prostatic cancer cells (PC-3) and spheroids (DU-145) to assess the influence of the different formulations on the chlorophyll sonodynamic effect. The highest sonodynamic cytotoxicity was obtained with chlorophyll loaded into poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles, showing promising results for future clinical investigations on sonodynamic therapy.
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Racca L, Limongi T, Vighetto V, Dumontel B, Ancona A, Canta M, Canavese G, Garino N, Cauda V. Zinc Oxide Nanocrystals and High-Energy Shock Waves: A New Synergy for the Treatment of Cancer Cells. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:577. [PMID: 32582682 PMCID: PMC7289924 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last years, different nanotools have been developed to fight cancer cells. They could be administered alone, exploiting their intrinsic toxicity, or remotely activated to achieve cell death. In the latter case, ultrasound (US) has been recently proposed to stimulate some nanomaterials because of the US outstanding property of deep tissue penetration and the possibility of focusing. In this study, for the first time, we report on the highly efficient killing capability of amino-propyl functionalized ZnO nanocrystals (ZnO NCs) in synergy with high-energy ultrasound shock waves (SW) for the treatment of cancer cells. The cytotoxicity and internalization of ZnO NCs were evaluated in cervical adenocarcinoma KB cells, as well as the safety of the SW treatment alone. Then, the remarkably high cytotoxic combination of ZnO NCs and SW was demonstrated, comparing the effect of multiple (3 times/day) SW treatments toward a single one, highlighting that multiple treatments are necessary to achieve efficient cell death. At last, preliminary tests to understand the mechanism of the observed synergistic effect were carried out, correlating the nanomaterial surface chemistry to the specific type of stimulus used. The obtained results can thus pave the way for a novel nanomedicine treatment, based on the synergistic effect of nanocrystals combined with highly intense mechanical pressure waves, offering high efficiency, deep and focused tissue penetration, and a reduction of side effects on healthy cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Racca
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Tania Limongi
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Veronica Vighetto
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Bianca Dumontel
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Andrea Ancona
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Marta Canta
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Canavese
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Nadia Garino
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Valentina Cauda
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy
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15
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Yan P, Liu LH, Wang P. Sonodynamic Therapy (SDT) for Cancer Treatment: Advanced Sensitizers by Ultrasound Activation to Injury Tumor. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2020; 3:3456-3475. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c00156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ping Yan
- Department of Ultrasonography, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Academy of Orthopedics, Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510515, P. R. China
| | - Li-Han Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, P. R. China
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Ultrasonography, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Academy of Orthopedics, Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510515, P. R. China
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16
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Mai B, Wang X, Liu Q, Zhang K, Wang P. The Application of DVDMS as a Sensitizing Agent for Sono-/Photo-Therapy. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:19. [PMID: 32116698 PMCID: PMC7020569 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Both photodynamic therapy (PDT) and sonodynamic therapy (SDT) are fast growing activated therapies by using light or ultrasound to initiate catalytic reaction of sensitizing agents, showing great potentials in clinics because of high safety and noninvasiveness. Sensitizers are critical components in PDT and SDT. Sinoporphyrin sodium (DVDMS) is an effective constituent derived from Photofrin that has been approved by FDA. This review is based on previous articles that explore the applications of DVDMS mediated photodynamic/sonodynamic cancer therapy and antimicrobial chemotherapy. Researchers utilize different cell lines, distinct treatment protocols to explore the enhanced therapeutic response of neoplastic lesion. Moreover, by designing a series of nanoparticles for loading DVDMS to improve the cellular uptake and antitumor efficacy of PDT/SDT, which integrates diagnostics into therapeutics for precision medical applications. During the sono-/photo-activated process, the balance between oxidation and antioxidation, numerous signal transduction and cell death pathways are also involved. In addition, DVDMS mediated photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy (PACT) can effectively suppress bacteria and multidrug resistant bacteria proliferation, promote the healing of wounds in burn infection. In brief, these efficient preclinical studies indicate a good promise for DVDMS application in the activated sono-/photo-therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingjie Mai
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaobing Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Quanhong Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Kun Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Pan Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
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17
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Martina K, Serpe L, Cavalli R, Cravotto G. Enabling technologies for the preparation of multifunctional “bullets” for nanomedicine. BULLETIN OF RUSSIAN STATE MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2019. [DOI: 10.24075/brsmu.2018.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in nanotechnology, including modern enabling techniques that can improve synthetic preparation and drug formulations, have opened up new frontiers in nanomedicine with the development of nanoscale carriers and assemblies. The use of delivery platforms has attracted attention over the past decade as researchers shift their focus away from the development of new drug candidates, and toward new means with which to deliver therapeutic and/or diagnostic agents. This work will explore a transdisciplinary approach for the production of a number of nanomaterials, nanocomplexes and nanobubbles and their application in a variety of potential biological and theranostic protocols. Particular attention will be paid to nanobubbles, stimuli responsive nanoparticles and cyclodextrin grafted nanosystems produced under non-conventional conditions, such as microwave and ultrasound irradiation. Besides nanoparticles preparation, ultrasound can also act as an enabling technology when activating sensitive nanobubbles and nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Martina
- Department of Drug Science & Technology, Centre for Nanostructured Interfaces and Surfaces (NIS), University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - L. Serpe
- Department of Drug Science & Technology, Centre for Nanostructured Interfaces and Surfaces (NIS), University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - R. Cavalli
- Department of Drug Science & Technology, Centre for Nanostructured Interfaces and Surfaces (NIS), University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - G. Cravotto
- Department of Drug Science & Technology, Centre for Nanostructured Interfaces and Surfaces (NIS), University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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18
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Bartrons R, Simon-Molas H, Rodríguez-García A, Castaño E, Navarro-Sabaté À, Manzano A, Martinez-Outschoorn UE. Fructose 2,6-Bisphosphate in Cancer Cell Metabolism. Front Oncol 2018; 8:331. [PMID: 30234009 PMCID: PMC6131595 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
For a long time, pioneers in the field of cancer cell metabolism, such as Otto Warburg, have focused on the idea that tumor cells maintain high glycolytic rates even with adequate oxygen supply, in what is known as aerobic glycolysis or the Warburg effect. Recent studies have reported a more complex situation, where the tumor ecosystem plays a more critical role in cancer progression. Cancer cells display extraordinary plasticity in adapting to changes in their tumor microenvironment, developing strategies to survive and proliferate. The proliferation of cancer cells needs a high rate of energy and metabolic substrates for biosynthesis of biomolecules. These requirements are met by the metabolic reprogramming of cancer cells and others present in the tumor microenvironment, which is essential for tumor survival and spread. Metabolic reprogramming involves a complex interplay between oncogenes, tumor suppressors, growth factors and local factors in the tumor microenvironment. These factors can induce overexpression and increased activity of glycolytic isoenzymes and proteins in stromal and cancer cells which are different from those expressed in normal cells. The fructose-6-phosphate/fructose-1,6-bisphosphate cycle, catalyzed by 6-phosphofructo-1-kinase/fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase (PFK1/FBPase1) isoenzymes, plays a key role in controlling glycolytic rates. PFK1/FBpase1 activities are allosterically regulated by fructose-2,6-bisphosphate, the product of the enzymatic activity of the dual kinase/phosphatase family of enzymes: 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose 2,6-bisphosphatase (PFKFB1-4) and TP53-induced glycolysis and apoptosis regulator (TIGAR), which show increased expression in a significant number of tumor types. In this review, the function of these isoenzymes in the regulation of metabolism, as well as the regulatory factors modulating their expression and activity in the tumor ecosystem are discussed. Targeting these isoenzymes, either directly or by inhibiting their activating factors, could be a promising approach for treating cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramon Bartrons
- Unitat de Bioquímica, Departament de Ciències Fisiològiques, Universitat de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Catalunya, Spain
| | - Helga Simon-Molas
- Unitat de Bioquímica, Departament de Ciències Fisiològiques, Universitat de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Catalunya, Spain
| | - Ana Rodríguez-García
- Unitat de Bioquímica, Departament de Ciències Fisiològiques, Universitat de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Catalunya, Spain
| | - Esther Castaño
- Centres Científics i Tecnològics, Universitat de Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
| | - Àurea Navarro-Sabaté
- Unitat de Bioquímica, Departament de Ciències Fisiològiques, Universitat de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Catalunya, Spain
| | - Anna Manzano
- Unitat de Bioquímica, Departament de Ciències Fisiològiques, Universitat de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Catalunya, Spain
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19
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Canavese G, Ancona A, Racca L, Canta M, Dumontel B, Barbaresco F, Limongi T, Cauda V. Nanoparticle-assisted ultrasound: A special focus on sonodynamic therapy against cancer. CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL (LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND : 1996) 2018; 340:155-172. [PMID: 30881202 PMCID: PMC6420022 DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2018.01.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 232] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
At present, ultrasound radiation is broadly employed in medicine for both diagnostic and therapeutic purposes at various frequencies and intensities. In this review article, we focus on therapeutically-active nanoparticles (NPs) when stimulated by ultrasound. We first introduce the different ultrasound-based therapies with special attention to the techniques involved in the oncological field, then we summarize the different NPs used, ranging from soft materials, like liposomes or micro/nano-bubbles, to metal and metal oxide NPs. We therefore focus on the sonodynamic therapy and on the possible working mechanisms under debate of NPs-assisted sonodynamic treatments. We support the idea that various, complex and synergistics physical-chemical processes take place during acoustic cavitation and NP activation. Different mechanisms are therefore responsible for the final cancer cell death and strongly depends not only on the type and structure of NPs or nanocarriers, but also on the way they interact with the ultrasonic pressure waves. We conclude with a brief overview of the clinical applications of the various ultrasound therapies and the related use of NPs-assisted ultrasound in clinics, showing that this very innovative and promising approach is however still at its infancy in the clinical cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giancarlo Canavese
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Turin, Italy
- Center for Sustainable Future Technologies CSFT@Polito, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Corso Trento 21, 10129, Turin, Italy
| | - Andrea Ancona
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Turin, Italy
| | - Luisa Racca
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Turin, Italy
| | - Marta Canta
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Turin, Italy
| | - Bianca Dumontel
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Turin, Italy
| | - Federica Barbaresco
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Turin, Italy
| | - Tania Limongi
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Turin, Italy
| | - Valentina Cauda
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Turin, Italy
- Center for Sustainable Future Technologies CSFT@Polito, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Corso Trento 21, 10129, Turin, Italy
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20
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Browning RJ, Reardon PJT, Parhizkar M, Pedley RB, Edirisinghe M, Knowles JC, Stride E. Drug Delivery Strategies for Platinum-Based Chemotherapy. ACS NANO 2017; 11:8560-8578. [PMID: 28829568 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b04092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Few chemotherapeutics have had such an impact on cancer management as cis-diamminedichloridoplatinum(II) (CDDP), also known as cisplatin. The first member of the platinum-based drug family, CDDP's potent toxicity in disrupting DNA replication has led to its widespread use in multidrug therapies, with particular benefit in patients with testicular cancers. However, CDDP also produces significant side effects that limit the maximum systemic dose. Various strategies have been developed to address this challenge including encapsulation within micro- or nanocarriers and the use of external stimuli such as ultrasound to promote uptake and release. The aim of this review is to look at these strategies and recent scientific and clinical developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Browning
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford , Oxford OX1 2JD, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | - Jonathan C Knowles
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science and BK21 Plus NBM, Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University , 518-10 Anseo-dong, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan, Chungcheongnam-do, Republic of Korea
- The Discoveries Centre for Regenerative and Precision Medicine, UCL Campus , Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Eleanor Stride
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford , Oxford OX1 2JD, United Kingdom
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21
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Rengeng L, Qianyu Z, Yuehong L, Zhongzhong P, Libo L. Sonodynamic therapy, a treatment developing from photodynamic therapy. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2017; 19:159-166. [PMID: 28606724 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2017.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Revised: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Sonodynamic therapy (SDT) as a new non-invasive treatment developed from photodynamic (PDT), it can kill tumor cells specifically and selectively. Moreover, recently studies showed SDT has potential to treat solid tumor, leukemia and atherosclerosis, remove proliferative scars and kill pathogenic microorganism. As SDT has an extensive application prospect, SDT has attracted more and more research recently. This thesis aims to be an informative introduction on SDT. With the assistance of related literature from 2012 to 2016, we introduce the progress of SDT research in six aspects: the therapeutic mechanism of SDT, development of the sound sensitizer, exploration of the size and frequency of ultrasonic energy, application of SDT, comparison between SDT and PDT, and current situation and future of SDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Rengeng
- Cancer Center, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510315, China; Traditional Chinese Medicine-Integrated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510315, China
| | - Zhang Qianyu
- Cancer Center, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510315, China; Traditional Chinese Medicine-Integrated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510315, China
| | - Lang Yuehong
- Cancer Center, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510315, China; Traditional Chinese Medicine-Integrated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510315, China
| | - Peng Zhongzhong
- Department of Oncology, Ningbo NO.2 Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Li Libo
- Cancer Center, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510315, China; Traditional Chinese Medicine-Integrated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510315, China.
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22
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Ju D, Yamaguchi F, Zhan G, Higuchi T, Asakura T, Morita A, Orimo H, Hu S. Hyperthermotherapy enhances antitumor effect of 5-aminolevulinic acid-mediated sonodynamic therapy with activation of caspase-dependent apoptotic pathway in human glioma. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:10415-26. [PMID: 26846106 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-016-4931-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Sonodynamic therapy (SDT) has shown great potential as an approach for cancer treatment, and hyperthermotherapy (HT) is also a promising cancer therapy. Here, we investigate whether HT could improve the efficacy of SDT and to make a preliminary exploration on potential mechanism. Xenograft tumor was established in nude mice model, and SNB19 and U87MG glioma cell lines were utilized for in vitro experiment. Alamar blue assay was performed to assess cell viability. Optical microscope was used to characterize the morphology changes of the glioma cells induced by SDT and HT treatments. Apoptotic rate, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and intracellular production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were examined by flow cytometer. The cell apoptosis of tumor tissues were detected by TUNEL assay. Furthermore, the expression of apoptosis-related proteins was detected with Western blot in vitro and immunohistochemistry in vivo. SDT plus HT group could significantly reduce the cell viability with circular-cell morphological change, compared with SDT group, and cell viability was decreased depending on raise of 5-ALA concentration, ultrasound exposure time, and temperature. The results also indicate that HT increased a conspicuous apoptosis, ROS production, and a remarkable loss in MMP induced by 5-ALA-SDT in vitro. Meanwhile, our data also demonstrated that the combined treatment could significantly induce apoptosis and delay tumor growth in vivo. Furthermore, in both in vitro and in vivo experiments, SDT plus HT group expressed significantly higher protein levels of Bax and cleaved caspase-3, 8, and 9 compared to SDT, HT, and control groups and significantly lower protein level of bcl-2 than the other three groups, while the expression of these proteins was unchanged between HT and control groups. HT may provide an important promotion on 5-ALA-SDT and further propose that SDT in combination with HT is a new potential application for the treatment of human glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghui Ju
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, China.,Department of Neurological Surgery, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5 Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8603, Japan
| | - Fumio Yamaguchi
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5 Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8603, Japan
| | - Guangzhi Zhan
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5 Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8603, Japan
| | - Tadashi Higuchi
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5 Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8603, Japan
| | - Takayuki Asakura
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5 Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8603, Japan
| | - Akio Morita
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5 Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8603, Japan
| | - Hideo Orimo
- Division of Metabolism and Nutrition, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5 Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8602, Japan
| | - Shaoshan Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, China.
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Abstract
Sonodynamic therapy (SDT) is an emerging approach that involves a combination of low-intensity ultrasound and specialized chemical agents known as sonosensitizers. Ultrasound can penetrate deeply into tissues and can be focused into a small region of a tumor to activate a sonosensitizer which offers the possibility of non-invasively eradicating solid tumors in a site-directed manner. In this article, we critically reviewed the currently accepted mechanisms of sonodynamic action and summarized the classification of sonosensitizers. At the same time, the breath of evidence from SDT-based studies suggests that SDT is promising for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Yun Wan
- Research Center of Basic Medical Science & School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics (Theranostics), Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Research Center of Basic Medical Science & School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics (Theranostics), Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China; Laboratory of Cancer Cell Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Bo-Wei Chen
- Research Center of Basic Medical Science & School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics (Theranostics), Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Liu
- Research Center of Basic Medical Science & School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics (Theranostics), Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Yin-Song Wang
- Research Center of Basic Medical Science & School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics (Theranostics), Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Research Center of Basic Medical Science & School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics (Theranostics), Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China; Laboratory of Cancer Cell Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China
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24
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Wang H, Wang P, Li L, Zhang K, Wang X, Liu Q. Microbubbles Enhance the Antitumor Effects of Sinoporphyrin Sodium Mediated Sonodynamic Therapy both In Vitro and In Vivo. Int J Biol Sci 2015; 11:1401-9. [PMID: 26681919 PMCID: PMC4671997 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.12802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: To evaluate the anti-cancer effect of sonodynamic therapy combined with microbubbles both in vitro and in vivo. Methods: Cell viability was measured by 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide and guava viacount assays. Annexin V-FITC/PI staining was adopted to analyze cell apoptosis rate. FD500 uptake assay was performed to assess cell membrane permeability changes. Tumor weight, mice weight and the visual image of tumor size were used to reflect the anti-tumor effect of this combined method. Histological change of tumor tissue after different treatments was measured through hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. Results: Microbubbles can significantly enhance the cytotoxicity and necrocytosis rate induced by SDT treatment. Increased cell membrane permeability and more uptake of DVDMS were founded in SDT combined with microbubbles group. For in vivo experiments, SDT with microbubbles can significantly reduce tumor weight and size with pimping difference of mice weight compare with other treatment groups. In addition, microbubbles notably improved tumor tissue destruction caused by ultrasound and SDT treatment. Conclusion: The results suggest that microbubbles can markedly improve the anti-cancer effect of DVDMS mediate sonodynamic therapy both in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiping Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Ministry of Education, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Developing of Endangered Chinese Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, Shaanxi, China
| | - Pan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Ministry of Education, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Developing of Endangered Chinese Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, Shaanxi, China
| | - Li Li
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Ministry of Education, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Developing of Endangered Chinese Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, Shaanxi, China
| | - Kun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Ministry of Education, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Developing of Endangered Chinese Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaobing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Ministry of Education, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Developing of Endangered Chinese Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, Shaanxi, China
| | - Quanhong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Ministry of Education, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Developing of Endangered Chinese Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, Shaanxi, China
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