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Xie L, Li Y, Liu Y, Chai Z, Ding Y, Shi L, Wang J. Vaginal Drug Delivery Systems to Control Microbe-Associated Infections. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2023; 6:3504-3515. [PMID: 36932958 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c00097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
The vagina has been regarded as a crucial route for drug delivery. Despite the wide range of available vaginal dosage forms for vaginal infection control, poor drug absorptivity remains a significant challenge due to various biological barriers in the vagina, such as mucus, epithelium, immune systems, and others. To overcome these barriers, different types of vaginal drug delivery systems (VDDSs), with outstanding mucoadhesive, mucus-penetrating properties, have been designed to enhance the absorptivity of vagina-administered agents in the past decades. In this Review, we introduce a general understanding of vaginal administration, its biological barriers, the commonly used VDDSs, such as nanoparticles and hydrogels, and their applications in controlling microbe-associated vaginal infections. Additionally, further challenges and concerns regarding the design of VDDSs will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingping Xie
- The People's Hospital of Yuhuan, Yuhuan, Zhejiang 317600, China
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325001, China
| | - Yuanfeng Li
- Translational Medicine Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325001, China
| | - Zhihua Chai
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, North China Institute of Science and Technology, PO Box 206, Yanjiao, Beijing 101601, China
| | - Yuxun Ding
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325001, China
| | - Linqi Shi
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Jinhui Wang
- The People's Hospital of Yuhuan, Yuhuan, Zhejiang 317600, China
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2
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Selivanova NM, Galeeva AI, Galyametdinov YG. Chitosan/Lactic Acid Systems: Liquid Crystalline Behavior, Rheological Properties, and Riboflavin Release In Vitro. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:13207. [PMID: 36362002 PMCID: PMC9654581 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Chitosan or its derivatives exhibit lyotropic liquid crystalline mesophases under certain conditions due to its semi-rigid structures. This work describes the development of chitosan-based biocompatible systems that include new components: lactic acid and non-ionic surfactants. Polarized optical microscopy studies revealed that these systems are capable of forming gels or lyotropic liquid crystals (LLCs) in a certain range of chitosan and lactic acid concentrations. According to the viscosity studies, the rheological flow of the LLCs can be accurately described by the Casson flow model. The intermolecular interactions of the LLC components were studied by FTIR spectroscopy. According to the FTIR data, hydrogen bonding is supposed to be responsible for the formation of the LLCs. In the studied systems, this LLC complex exists as the [ChitH+·CH3-CH(OH)-COO-] ion pair. The studied gel and LLCs were shown to possess the most prolonged release capabilities for riboflavin among similar binary LLC systems. The supramolecular organization and rheological characteristics of the studied chitosan-based systems were found to affect the release of riboflavin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia M. Selivanova
- Department of Physical and Colloid Chemistry, Kazan National Research Technological University, Kazan 420015, Russia
| | - Aliya I. Galeeva
- Department of Physical and Colloid Chemistry, Kazan National Research Technological University, Kazan 420015, Russia
| | - Yuriy G. Galyametdinov
- Department of Physical and Colloid Chemistry, Kazan National Research Technological University, Kazan 420015, Russia
- Zavoisky Physical-Technical Institute, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, Kazan 420029, Russia
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3
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Yeo S, Kim MJ, Shim YK, Yoon I, Lee WK. Solid Lipid Nanoparticles of Curcumin Designed for Enhanced Bioavailability and Anticancer Efficiency. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:35875-35884. [PMID: 36249382 PMCID: PMC9558702 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c04407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Curcumin (Cur) has anticancer properties but exhibits poor aqueous solubility, permeability, and photostability. In this study, we aimed to develop a solid lipid nanoparticle (SLN) system to enhance Cur bioavailability. The characteristics of Cur-loaded SLNs prepared by sonication were evaluated using UV-vis and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The mean particle size of the stearic acid-based, lauric acid-based, and palmitic acid-based SLNs was 14.70-149.30, 502.83, and 469.53 nm, respectively. The chemical interactions between Cur and lipids involved hydrogen bonding and van der Waals forces. The formulations with high van der Waals forces might produce a neat arrangement between Cur and lipids, leading to a decrease in particle size. The Cur formulations showed enhanced cytotoxicity in HeLa, A549, and CT-26 cells compared with pure Cur. Additionally, the anticancer effect is dependent on particle size and the type of cell line. Therefore, Cur-loaded SLNs have the potential for use in anticancer therapy.
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Marena GD, Ramos MADS, Carvalho GC, Junior JAP, Resende FA, Corrêa I, Ono GYB, Sousa Araujo VH, Camargo BAF, Bauab TM, Chorilli M. Natural product‐based nanomedicine applied to fungal infection treatment: A review of the last 4 years. Phytother Res 2022; 36:2710-2745. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Davi Marena
- Department of Drugs and Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences São Paulo State University (UNESP) Araraquara Brazil
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences São Paulo State University (UNESP) Araraquara Brazil
| | - Matheus Aparecido dos Santos Ramos
- Department of Drugs and Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences São Paulo State University (UNESP) Araraquara Brazil
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences São Paulo State University (UNESP) Araraquara Brazil
| | - Gabriela Corrêa Carvalho
- Department of Drugs and Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences São Paulo State University (UNESP) Araraquara Brazil
| | | | | | - Ione Corrêa
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences São Paulo State University (UNESP) Araraquara Brazil
| | - Gabriela Yuki Bressanim Ono
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences São Paulo State University (UNESP) Araraquara Brazil
| | - Victor Hugo Sousa Araujo
- Department of Drugs and Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences São Paulo State University (UNESP) Araraquara Brazil
| | - Bruna Almeida Furquim Camargo
- Department of Drugs and Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences São Paulo State University (UNESP) Araraquara Brazil
| | - Tais Maria Bauab
- Department of Biological Sciences and Health University of Araraquara (UNIARA) Araraquara Brazil
| | - Marlus Chorilli
- Department of Drugs and Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences São Paulo State University (UNESP) Araraquara Brazil
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Ghorbanpour S, Pourhajibagher M, Noroozian M, Ghaffari H, Bahador A. Photoactivation of Curcumin Doped Poly-Lactic-Co-Glycolic Acid Nanoparticles in Rat Model with Fixed Orthodontic Appliances. ScientificWorldJournal 2022; 2022:3613345. [PMID: 35645633 PMCID: PMC9135542 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3613345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial effect of curcumin doped poly-lactic-co-glycolic acid nanoparticles (Cur-PLGA-Nps)-mediated antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT), as well as the probiotics on S. mutans in rats with fixed orthodontic appliances. Orthodontic appliances were ligated to the right maxillary of the rats. After the oral colonization of S. mutans, the rats were then treated in four groups including Cur-PLGA-Nps, light-emitting diode, Cur-PLGA-Nps-mediated aPDT, and probiotic (Lactobacillus acidophilus). After that, the S. mutans counts and the gtfB gene expression of S. mutans were determined on days 4, 7, 15, and 30. Probiotic and Cur-PLGA-Nps-mediated aPDT groups significantly reduced the count of S. mutans in a time-dependent manner (P < 0.05). So, probiotics and Cur-PLGA-Nps-mediated aPDT were able to reduce S. mutans more than other groups on the 30th day. Also, there was no considerable difference between Cur-PLGA-Nps-mediated aPDT and probiotic groups in bacterial growth inhibition. The expression level of gtfB gene was significantly downregulated at all-time intervals after exposure to Cur-PLGA-Nps-mediated aPDT compared with untreated bacteria (P < 0.05). According to the results, simultaneous use of Cur-PLGA-Nps-mediated aPDT and probiotic therapeutic approaches can be suggested to increase effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Ghorbanpour
- Department of Microbiology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Pourhajibagher
- Dental Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Noroozian
- Department of Orthodontics, School of dentistry, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
- Student Research Committee, School of dentistry, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Hassanali Ghaffari
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Bahador
- Department of Microbiology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Clinical Laboratory Sciences, BioHealth Lab, Tehran, Iran
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Hemmingsen LM, Škalko-Basnet N, Jøraholmen MW. The Expanded Role of Chitosan in Localized Antimicrobial Therapy. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:697. [PMID: 34940696 PMCID: PMC8704789 DOI: 10.3390/md19120697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Chitosan is one of the most studied natural origin polymers for biomedical applications. This review focuses on the potential of chitosan in localized antimicrobial therapy to address the challenges of current rising antimicrobial resistance. Due to its mucoadhesiveness, chitosan offers the opportunity to prolong the formulation residence time at mucosal sites; its wound healing properties open possibilities to utilize chitosan as wound dressings with multitargeted activities and more. We provide an unbiased overview of the state-of-the-art chitosan-based delivery systems categorized by the administration site, addressing the site-related challenges and evaluating the representative formulations. Specifically, we offer an in-depth analysis of the current challenges of the chitosan-based novel delivery systems for skin and vaginal infections, including its formulations optimizations and limitations. A brief overview of chitosan's potential in treating ocular, buccal and dental, and nasal infections is included. We close the review with remarks on toxicity issues and remaining challenges and perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Myrseth Hemmingsen
- Drug Transport and Delivery Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Universitetsvegen 57, 9037 Tromsø, Norway;
| | | | - May Wenche Jøraholmen
- Drug Transport and Delivery Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Universitetsvegen 57, 9037 Tromsø, Norway;
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Tian C, Jie H, Xia M, Liu Liu, Cao W, Chen J, Xiaoqin C. Physicochemical Evaluation and Pharmacodynamics of Itraconazole-loaded Liquid Crystal Precursor for Vaginal Delivery. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2021; 47:1223-1234. [PMID: 34779328 DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2021.1988096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To develop liquid crystal (LC) precursor that can be used as a novel vaginal delivery system for Itraconazole (ITZ) and evaluate its pharmacodynamics. Methods: The LC precursor was prepared by using phytantriol (PYT) as lipid matrix and N, N-dimethylformamide (DMAC) as solvent. Swelling studies were performed to assess the phase conversion ability. The formulations were characterized by crossed polarized light microscopy (CPLM), small-angle X-ray scatterin (SAXS). Moreover, the rheological and in vitro drug release behavior were investigated. Then the vaginal retention time of ITZ in the optimal prescription was evaluated. Finally, the pharmacodynamics studies of the ITZ-loaded LC precursor were performed in a mouse model of vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC). Results: The LC precursor could transform to LC gels after administration into the vagina. Based on PLM and SAXS, the LC gels, formed after phase-conversion, were cubic LC. The LC precursor was Non-Newtonian, while the LC gels exhibited a pseudo-plastic fluid behavior. In vitro release results revealed that F2 (68.0 %) had a higher cumulative drug release than that of F1 (59.17 %) at 72 h. Most of the LC gels could be retained in the vagina of mice for 24 - 36 h. Pharmacodynamics studies showed that there was only mild inflammation or no inflammatory stimulation in the control group. The ITZ-loaded LC precursor significantly improved the symptoms of vaginitis in mice and had a better therapeutic effect than that of positive control group. Conclusions: The ITZ-loaded LC precursor would be a promising formulation for vaginal drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunling Tian
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Huang Jie
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Mengqiu Xia
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Liu Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Wenxuan Cao
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Jingbao Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Chu Xiaoqin
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China.,Institute of Pharmaceutics, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Hefei 230012, China
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8
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Calixto GMF, Muniz BV, Castro SR, de Araujo JSM, de Souza Amorim K, Ribeiro LNM, Ferreira LEN, de Araújo DR, de Paula E, Franz-Montan M. Mucoadhesive, Thermoreversible Hydrogel, Containing Tetracaine-Loaded Nanostructured Lipid Carriers for Topical, Intranasal Needle-Free Anesthesia. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:1760. [PMID: 34834175 PMCID: PMC8617820 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13111760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advances have been reported for needle-free local anesthesia in maxillary teeth by administering a nasal spray of tetracaine (TTC) and oxymetazoline, without causing pain, fear, and stress. This work aimed to assess whether a TTC-loaded hybrid system could reduce cytotoxicity, promote sustained permeation, and increase the anesthetic efficacy of TTC for safe, effective, painless, and prolonged analgesia of the maxillary teeth in dental procedures. The hybrid system based on TTC (4%) encapsulated in nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) and incorporated into a thermoreversible hydrogel of poloxamer 407 (TTCNLC-HG4%) displayed desirable rheological, mechanical, and mucoadhesive properties for topical application in the nasal cavity. Compared to control formulations, the use of TTCNLC-HG4% slowed in vitro permeation of the anesthetic across the nasal mucosa, maintained cytotoxicity against neuroblastoma cells, and provided a three-fold increase in analgesia duration, as observed using the tail-flick test in mice. The results obtained here open up perspectives for future clinical evaluation of the thermoreversible hybrid hydrogel, which contains TTC-loaded NLC, with the aim of creating an effective, topical, intranasal, needle-free anesthesia for use in dentistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovana Maria Fioramonti Calixto
- Department of Biosciences, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Piracicaba 13414-903, Brazil; (G.M.F.C.); (B.V.M.); (J.S.M.d.A.); (K.d.S.A.)
| | - Bruno Vilela Muniz
- Department of Biosciences, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Piracicaba 13414-903, Brazil; (G.M.F.C.); (B.V.M.); (J.S.M.d.A.); (K.d.S.A.)
| | - Simone R. Castro
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas 13083-872, Brazil; (S.R.C.); (E.d.P.)
| | - Jaiza Samara Macena de Araujo
- Department of Biosciences, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Piracicaba 13414-903, Brazil; (G.M.F.C.); (B.V.M.); (J.S.M.d.A.); (K.d.S.A.)
| | - Klinger de Souza Amorim
- Department of Biosciences, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Piracicaba 13414-903, Brazil; (G.M.F.C.); (B.V.M.); (J.S.M.d.A.); (K.d.S.A.)
| | - Lígia N. M. Ribeiro
- Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlandia-UFU, Uberlandia 38405-302, Brazil;
| | | | | | - Eneida de Paula
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas 13083-872, Brazil; (S.R.C.); (E.d.P.)
| | - Michelle Franz-Montan
- Department of Biosciences, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Piracicaba 13414-903, Brazil; (G.M.F.C.); (B.V.M.); (J.S.M.d.A.); (K.d.S.A.)
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Reina BD, Santezi Neto C, Garcia PPNS, Chorilli M, Calixto GMF, Dovigo LN. Bioadhesive Curcumin-Mediated Photodynamic Inactivation and Its Potential to Cause Undesirable Effects on Dental and Restorative Surfaces. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13091458. [PMID: 34575534 PMCID: PMC8468794 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13091458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Curcumin-mediated Photodynamic Inactivation (PDI) has shown great potential to disinfect specific sites on tooth enamel but may involve contact with restorative materials. Thus, before use in dentistry, it is necessary to investigate whether the PDI protocol causes undesirable changes in the surfaces of aesthetic restorative materials and dental enamel. This study investigated the effect of PDI mediated by curcumin (CUR) in a liquid crystal precursor system on color stability (ΔE), surface roughness (Ra), and microhardness (kgf) of three different composite resins and bovine dental enamel specimens. The microhardness and roughness readings were performed 60 days after the treatments while the color readings were performed immediately, 24, 48, and 72 h, 7, 14, 21, 30, and 60 days after the treatments. Results showed that CUR mediated-PDI does not seem to have the potential to promote any esthetic or mechanical changes to the surface of tooth enamel and can be applied safely in clinical practice. However, the results on color, roughness, and hardness obtained for composite resins show that some negative effects can be produced, depending on the type of restorative material; more experiments must be performed with different formulations and, perhaps, with lower concentrations of CUR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara Donadon Reina
- Department of Social Dentistry, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rua Humaitá 1680, Araraquara SP 14801-903, Brazil; (B.D.R.); (P.P.N.S.G.)
| | - Carolina Santezi Neto
- Independent Researcher, the Moment of the Submission (Unaffiliated Researcher), São Carlos SP 14801-903, Brazil;
| | - Patrícia Petromilli Nordi Sasso Garcia
- Department of Social Dentistry, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rua Humaitá 1680, Araraquara SP 14801-903, Brazil; (B.D.R.); (P.P.N.S.G.)
| | - Marlus Chorilli
- Department of Drugs and Medicines, School of Pharmacy, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rodovia Araraquara-Jaú, Km. 1, Araraquara SP 14800-903, Brazil;
| | - Giovana Maria Fioramonti Calixto
- Department of Biosciences, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Avenida Limeira, Piracicaba SP 13414-903, Brazil;
| | - Lívia Nordi Dovigo
- Department of Social Dentistry, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rua Humaitá 1680, Araraquara SP 14801-903, Brazil; (B.D.R.); (P.P.N.S.G.)
- Correspondence:
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Osmałek T, Froelich A, Jadach B, Tatarek A, Gadziński P, Falana A, Gralińska K, Ekert M, Puri V, Wrotyńska-Barczyńska J, Michniak-Kohn B. Recent Advances in Polymer-Based Vaginal Drug Delivery Systems. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:884. [PMID: 34203714 PMCID: PMC8232205 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13060884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The vagina has been considered a potential drug administration route for centuries. Most of the currently marketed and investigated vaginal formulations are composed with the use of natural or synthetic polymers having different functions in the product. The vaginal route is usually investigated as an administration site for topically acting active ingredients; however, the anatomical and physiological features of the vagina make it suitable also for drug systemic absorption. In this review, the most important natural and synthetic polymers used in vaginal products are summarized and described, with special attention paid to the properties important in terms of vaginal application. Moreover, the current knowledge on the commonly applied and innovative dosage forms designed for vaginal administration was presented. The aim of this work was to highlight the most recent research directions and indicate challenges related to vaginal drug administrations. As revealed in the literature overview, intravaginal products still gain enormous scientific attention, and novel polymers and formulations are still explored. However, there are research areas that require more extensive studies in order to provide the safety of novel vaginal products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Osmałek
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-780 Poznań, Poland; (A.F.); (B.J.); (A.T.); (P.G.); (A.F.); (K.G.); (M.E.)
| | - Anna Froelich
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-780 Poznań, Poland; (A.F.); (B.J.); (A.T.); (P.G.); (A.F.); (K.G.); (M.E.)
| | - Barbara Jadach
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-780 Poznań, Poland; (A.F.); (B.J.); (A.T.); (P.G.); (A.F.); (K.G.); (M.E.)
| | - Adam Tatarek
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-780 Poznań, Poland; (A.F.); (B.J.); (A.T.); (P.G.); (A.F.); (K.G.); (M.E.)
| | - Piotr Gadziński
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-780 Poznań, Poland; (A.F.); (B.J.); (A.T.); (P.G.); (A.F.); (K.G.); (M.E.)
| | - Aleksandra Falana
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-780 Poznań, Poland; (A.F.); (B.J.); (A.T.); (P.G.); (A.F.); (K.G.); (M.E.)
| | - Kinga Gralińska
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-780 Poznań, Poland; (A.F.); (B.J.); (A.T.); (P.G.); (A.F.); (K.G.); (M.E.)
| | - Michał Ekert
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-780 Poznań, Poland; (A.F.); (B.J.); (A.T.); (P.G.); (A.F.); (K.G.); (M.E.)
| | - Vinam Puri
- Department of Pharmaceutics, William Levine Hall, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Life Sciences Building, New Jersey Center for Biomaterials, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; (V.P.); (B.M.-K.)
| | - Joanna Wrotyńska-Barczyńska
- Division of Infertility and Reproductive Endocrinology, Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecological Oncology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 33 Polna St., 60-535 Poznań, Poland;
| | - Bozena Michniak-Kohn
- Department of Pharmaceutics, William Levine Hall, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Life Sciences Building, New Jersey Center for Biomaterials, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; (V.P.); (B.M.-K.)
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Zhang X, Wu W. Liquid Crystalline Phases for Enhancement of Oral Bioavailability. AAPS PharmSciTech 2021; 22:81. [PMID: 33619612 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-021-01951-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Liquid crystalline phases (LCPs) are generated upon lipolysis of ingested lipids in the gastrointestinal tract. The breaking off and subsequent evolution of LCPs produce more advanced vesicular and micellar structures which facilitate oral absorption of lipids, as well as co-loaded drug entities. Owing to sustained or controlled drug release, bioadhesiveness, and capability of loading drugs of different properties, LCPs are promising vehicles to implement for enhancement of oral bioavailability. This review aims to provide an overview on the classification, preparation and characterization, in vivo generation and transformation, absorption mechanisms, and encouraging applications of LCPs in enhancement of oral bioavailability. In addition, we comment on the merits of LCPs as oral drug delivery carriers, as well as solutions to industrialization utilizing liquid crystalline precursor and preconcentrate formulations.
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Gaspar de Toledo L, dos Santos Ramos MA, Bento da Silva P, Rodero CF, de Sá Gomes V, Noronha da Silva A, Pavan FR, da Silva IC, Bombarda Oda F, Flumignan DL, Gonzaga dos Santos A, Chorilli M, Gottardo de Almeida MT, Bauab TM. Improved in vitro and in vivo Anti- Candida albicans Activity of Cymbopogon nardus Essential Oil by Its Incorporation into a Microemulsion System. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:10481-10497. [PMID: 33402821 PMCID: PMC7778679 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s275258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is an opportunistic fungal infection that adversely affects a woman's health, due to unpleasant symptoms, therapeutic challenges, and the emergence of resistant strains. The association of natural products and nanotechnology is important to improve the antifungal potential of medicinal plants. We aimed to evaluate the in vitro and in vivo anti-Candida albicans activity of unloaded (EO) and loaded (ME+EO) essential oil of Cymbopogon nardus in the microemulsion (ME). METHODS The chemical analysis of the EO was performed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The ME and ME+EO were characterized by scattering, zeta potential, polarized light microscopy, rheological assays, mucoadhesiveness and transmission electronic microscopy. The in vitro antifungal activity of the EO and ME+EO were evaluated by microdilution technique. The toxicity of EO and ME+EO was analyzed on human cell line HaCat and using alternative model assay with Artemia salina. The experimental in vivo VVC was performed in female mice (C57BL/6). RESULTS The main compounds of the EO were found to be citronellal, geranial, geraniol, citronellol, and neral. The formulations exhibited suitable size, homogeneity, negative charge, isotropic behavior, highly organized structure, and pseudoplastic behavior, for vaginal application. TEM photomicrographs showed possible EO droplets inside the spherical structures. The EO, when loaded into the ME, exhibited an improvement in its antifungal action against C. albicans. The EO was not toxic against brine shrimp nauplii. An in vivo VVC assay showed that the use of the ME significantly improved the action of the EO, since only the ME+EO promoted the eradication of the fungal vaginal infection on the third day of treatment. CONCLUSION The EO and ME+EO are promising alternatives for the control of fungal infections caused by C. albicans, once the use of nanotechnology significantly improved the antifungal action of the EO, especially in an in vivo model of VVC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciani Gaspar de Toledo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Biological Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Patrícia Bento da Silva
- Department of Genetics and Morphology, University of Brasília (UnB), Institute of Biological Sciences, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Camila Fernanda Rodero
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Drug and Medicines, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Veridiana de Sá Gomes
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Biological Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Anderson Noronha da Silva
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Biological Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernando Rogério Pavan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Biological Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Isabel Cristiane da Silva
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Biological Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernando Bombarda Oda
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Natural Active Principles and Toxicology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Danilo Luis Flumignan
- São Paulo Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology (IFSP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - André Gonzaga dos Santos
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Natural Active Principles and Toxicology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marlus Chorilli
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Drug and Medicines, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Taís Maria Bauab
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Biological Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São Paulo, Brazil
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de Araújo PR, Calixto GMF, da Silva IC, de Paula Zago LH, Oshiro Junior JA, Pavan FR, Ribeiro AO, Fontana CR, Chorilli M. Mucoadhesive In Situ Gelling Liquid Crystalline Precursor System to Improve the Vaginal Administration of Drugs. AAPS PharmSciTech 2019; 20:225. [PMID: 31214798 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-019-1439-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The vaginal mucosa is a very promising route for drug administration due to its high permeability and the possibility to bypass first pass metabolism; however, current vaginal dosage forms present low retention times due to their dilution in vaginal fluids, which hampers the efficacy of many pharmacological treatments. In order to overcome these problems, this study proposes to develop a mucoadhesive in situ gelling liquid crystalline precursor system composed of 30% of oleic acid and cholesterol (7:1), 40% of ethoxylated and propoxylated cetyl alcohol, and 30% of a dispersion of 16% Poloxamer 407. The effect of the dilution with simulated vaginal fluid (SVF) on this system was evaluated by polarized light microscopy (PLM), small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), rheological studies, texture profile analysis (TPA), mucoadhesion study, in vitro drug release test using hypericin (HYP) as drug model, and cytotoxicity assay. PLM and SAXS confirmed the formation of an isotropic system. After the addition of three different concentrations of SVF (30, 50, and 100%), the resultant formulations presented anisotropy and characteristics of viscous lamellar phases. Rheology shows that formulations with SVF behaved as a non-Newtonian fluid with suitable shear thinning for vaginal application. TPA and mucoadhesion assays indicated the formation of long-range ordered systems as the amount of SVF increases which may assist in the fixation of the formulation on the vaginal mucosa. The formulations were able to control about 75% of the released HYP demonstrating a sustained release profile. Finally, all formulations acted as safe vaginal drug delivery systems.
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Almeida L, Oshiro Júnior JA, Silva M, Nóbrega F, Andrade J, Santos W, Ribeiro A, Conceição M, Veras G, Medeiros AC. Tablet of Ximenia Americana L. Developed from Mucoadhesive Polymers for Future Use in Oral Treatment of Fungal Infections. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:E379. [PMID: 30960363 PMCID: PMC6419192 DOI: 10.3390/polym11020379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of biocompatible polymers such as Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC), Hydroxyethylcellulose (HEC), Carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), and Carbopol in solid formulations results in mucoadhesive systems capable of promoting the prolonged and localized release of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (APIs). This strategy represents a technological innovation that can be applied to improving the treatment of oral infections, such as oral candidiasis. Therefore, the aim of this study was to develop a tablet of Ximenia americana L. from mucoadhesive polymers for use in the treatment of oral candidiasis. An X. americana extract (MIC of 125 μg·mL-1) was obtained by turbolysis at 50% of ethanol, a level that demonstrated activity against Candida albicans. Differential Thermal Analysis and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy techniques allowed the choice of HPMC as a mucoadhesive agent, besides polyvinylpyrrolidone, magnesium stearate, and mannitol to integrate the formulation of X. americana. These excipients were granulated with an ethanolic solution 70% v/v at PVP 5%, and a mucoadhesive tablet was obtained by compression. Finally, mucoadhesive strength was evaluated, and the results demonstrated good mucoadhesive forces in mucin disk and pig buccal mucosa. Therefore, the study allowed a new alternative to be developed for the treatment of buccal candidiasis, one which overcomes the inconveniences of common treatments, costs little, and facilitates patients' adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Almeida
- Laboratório de Desenvolvimento e Ensaios de Medicamentos, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, R. Baraúnas, 351, Cidade Universitária, 58429-500, Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brasil.
| | - João Augusto Oshiro Júnior
- Laboratório de Desenvolvimento e Ensaios de Medicamentos, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, R. Baraúnas, 351, Cidade Universitária, 58429-500, Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brasil.
| | - Milena Silva
- Laboratório de Desenvolvimento e Ensaios de Medicamentos, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, R. Baraúnas, 351, Cidade Universitária, 58429-500, Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brasil.
| | - Fernanda Nóbrega
- Laboratório de Desenvolvimento e Ensaios de Medicamentos, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, R. Baraúnas, 351, Cidade Universitária, 58429-500, Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brasil.
| | - Jéssica Andrade
- Laboratório de Desenvolvimento e Ensaios de Medicamentos, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, R. Baraúnas, 351, Cidade Universitária, 58429-500, Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brasil.
| | - Widson Santos
- Laboratório de Desenvolvimento e Ensaios de Medicamentos, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, R. Baraúnas, 351, Cidade Universitária, 58429-500, Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brasil.
| | - Angélica Ribeiro
- Laboratório de Desenvolvimento e Ensaios de Medicamentos, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, R. Baraúnas, 351, Cidade Universitária, 58429-500, Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brasil.
| | - Marta Conceição
- Centro de Tecnologia e Desenvolvimento Regional, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Av. dos Escoteiros, s/n, Mangabeira VII, 58055-000, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brasil.
| | - Germano Veras
- Laboratório de Química Analítica e Quimiometria, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, R. Baraúnas, 351, Cidade Universitária, 58429-500, Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brasil.
| | - Ana Cláudia Medeiros
- Laboratório de Desenvolvimento e Ensaios de Medicamentos, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, R. Baraúnas, 351, Cidade Universitária, 58429-500, Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brasil.
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Carolina Alves R, Perosa Fernandes R, Fonseca-Santos B, Damiani Victorelli F, Chorilli M. A Critical Review of the Properties and Analytical Methods for the Determination of Curcumin in Biological and Pharmaceutical Matrices. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2018; 49:138-149. [PMID: 30252504 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2018.1489216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Curcumin, a natural compound extracted from turmeric (Curcuma longa), has been extensively studied because of its various pharmacological properties, such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antibiotic, antiprotozoal, immunomodulatory, anti-proliferative, antitumor, and anticarcinogenic effects. However, low solubility in aqueous media has limited its therapeutic applications. To overcome these bioavailability issues, the use of drug delivery systems providing localized or targeted delivery of this drug may represent a more viable therapeutic option. Several drug delivery systems have been shown to significantly enhance the therapeutic efficacy of curcumin. Additionally, a wide variety of analytical methods are available for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of curcumin in different matrices, including plant extracts, biological fluids, and drug delivery systems. There are a variety of methodologies to quantify curcumin, but chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques are the ones most commonly used. Thus, in this review, we evaluate the biological properties of curcumin, as well as its nanotechnology-based delivery systems and methods of analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Carolina Alves
- a School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , São Paulo State University (UNESP) , Araraquara, São Paulo , Brazil
| | | | - Bruno Fonseca-Santos
- a School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , São Paulo State University (UNESP) , Araraquara, São Paulo , Brazil
| | | | - Marlus Chorilli
- a School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , São Paulo State University (UNESP) , Araraquara, São Paulo , Brazil
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Rodero CF, Fioramonti Calixto GM, Cristina Dos Santos K, Sato MR, Aparecido Dos Santos Ramos M, Miró MS, Rodríguez E, Vigezzi C, Bauab TM, Sotomayor CE, Chorilli M. Curcumin-Loaded Liquid Crystalline Systems for Controlled Drug Release and Improved Treatment of Vulvovaginal Candidiasis. Mol Pharm 2018; 15:4491-4504. [PMID: 30184431 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.8b00507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is the most common infection caused by Candida albicans and greatly reduces the quality of life of women affected by it. Due to the ineffectiveness of conventional treatments, there is growing interest in research involving compounds of natural origin. One such compound is curcumin (CUR), which has been proven to be effective against this microorganism. However, some of CUR's physicochemical properties, especially its low aqueous solubility, make the therapeutic application of this compound difficult. Thus, the incorporation of CUR in mucoadhesive liquid crystalline systems (MLCSs) for vaginal administration may be an efficient strategy for the treatment of VVC. MLCSs are capable of potentiating the compound's action, releasing it in a controlled manner, and can enable longer exposure at the site of infection. In this study, MLCSs consisting of oleic acid and ergosterol 5:1 (w/w) as the oily phase, PPG-5-CETETH-20 as the surfactant, and a polymer dispersion of 1% chitosan as the aqueous phase, were developed for the application of CUR (MLCS-CUR) in VVC treatment. The formulations were characterized by polarized light microscopy (PLM), small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), oscillatory rheometry, continuous shear rheometry, texture profile analysis, and in vitro mucoadhesion. In addition, the antimicrobial activity was evaluated in vitro, and the effects on local fungal burden and cytokine profiles were investigated in a murine model of VVC. PLM and SAXS showed that the developed formulations presented a characteristic of a microemulsion. However, after the addition of artificial vaginal mucus (AVM), PLM showed that the formulations had structures similar to the "Maltese cross" characteristic of lamellar MLCS. Mucoadhesive test results showed an increase in the mucoadhesive strength of these formulations. Rheology analyses suggested long-lasting action of the formulation at the infected site. The in vitro antimicrobial activity assays suggested that CUR possesses antifungal activity against Candida albicans, determined after its incorporation into the MLCS. Further, MLCS-CUR was also more effective in vivo in the control of vaginal infection than treatment with fluconazole. Immunological assays showed that the ratio of pro-inflammatory (IL-1β) to anti-inflammatory (TGF-β) cytokines has decreased and that there is a reduction in the number of polymorphonuclear neutrophils recruited to the vaginal lumen, showing that treatment with MLCS-CUR was effective in modulating the inflammatory reaction associated with the infection. The results suggest that MLCSs could potentially be used in the treatment of VVC with CUR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Fernanda Rodero
- Department of Drugs and Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , São Paulo State University , Araraquara , Sao Paulo 01049-010 , Brazil
| | - Giovana Maria Fioramonti Calixto
- Department of Drugs and Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , São Paulo State University , Araraquara , Sao Paulo 01049-010 , Brazil
| | - Karen Cristina Dos Santos
- Department of Drugs and Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , São Paulo State University , Araraquara , Sao Paulo 01049-010 , Brazil
| | - Mariana Rillo Sato
- Department of Drugs and Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , São Paulo State University , Araraquara , Sao Paulo 01049-010 , Brazil
| | - Matheus Aparecido Dos Santos Ramos
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , São Paulo State University , Araraquara , Sao Paulo 01049-010 , Brazil
| | - Maria Soledad Miró
- Department Clinical Biochemistry, Laboratory of Innate Immunity to Fungal Pathogens, CIBICI-CONICET, Faculty of Chemical Sciences , National University of Cordoba , Córdoba , Argentina
| | - Emilse Rodríguez
- Department Clinical Biochemistry, Laboratory of Innate Immunity to Fungal Pathogens, CIBICI-CONICET, Faculty of Chemical Sciences , National University of Cordoba , Córdoba , Argentina
| | - Cecilia Vigezzi
- Department Clinical Biochemistry, Laboratory of Innate Immunity to Fungal Pathogens, CIBICI-CONICET, Faculty of Chemical Sciences , National University of Cordoba , Córdoba , Argentina
| | - Tais Maria Bauab
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , São Paulo State University , Araraquara , Sao Paulo 01049-010 , Brazil
| | - Claudia Elena Sotomayor
- Department Clinical Biochemistry, Laboratory of Innate Immunity to Fungal Pathogens, CIBICI-CONICET, Faculty of Chemical Sciences , National University of Cordoba , Córdoba , Argentina
| | - Marlus Chorilli
- Department of Drugs and Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , São Paulo State University , Araraquara , Sao Paulo 01049-010 , Brazil
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Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy Mediated by Curcumin-Loaded Polymeric Nanoparticles in a Murine Model of Oral Candidiasis. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23082075. [PMID: 30126245 PMCID: PMC6222858 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23082075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2018] [Revised: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) has been proposed as an alternative method for oral candidiasis (OC), while nanocarriers have been used to improve the water solubility of curcumin (CUR). The aim of this study is to encapsulate CUR in polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) and to evaluate its photodynamic effects on a murine model of OC. Anionic and cationic CUR-NP is synthesized using poly-lactic acid and dextran sulfate and then characterized. Female mice are immunosuppressed and inoculated with Candida albicans (Ca) to induce OC. aPDT is performed by applying CUR-NP or free CUR on the dorsum of the tongue, followed by blue light irradiation for five consecutive days. Nystatin is used as positive control. Afterward, Ca are recovered and cultivated. Animals are euthanized for histological, immunohistochemical, and DNA damage evaluation. Encapsulation in NP improves the water solubility of CUR. Nystatin shows the highest reduction of Ca, followed by aPDT mediated by free CUR, which results in immunolabelling of cytokeratins closer to those observed for healthy animals. Anionic CUR-NP does not show antifungal effect, and cationic CUR-NP reduces Ca even in the absence of light. DNA damage is associated with Ca infection. Consecutive aPDT application is a safe treatment for OC.
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Aida KL, Kreling PF, Caiaffa KS, Calixto GMF, Chorilli M, Spolidorio DM, Santos-Filho NA, Cilli EM, Duque C. Antimicrobial peptide-loaded liquid crystalline precursor bioadhesive system for the prevention of dental caries. Int J Nanomedicine 2018; 13:3081-3091. [PMID: 29872295 PMCID: PMC5975612 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s155245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Anticaries agents must interfere with the adhesion of Streptococcus mutans and its proliferation in dental biofilm, without causing host toxicity and bacterial resistance. Natural substances, including cationic antimicrobial peptides (CAMPs) and their fragments, such as β-defensin-3 peptide fragment (D1–23), have been widely studied. However, the chemical and physical stability of CAMPs may be compromised by external factors, such as temperature and pH, reducing the period of antimicrobial activity. Methods To overcome the aforementioned disadvantage, this study developed and character-ized a drug delivery system and evaluated the cytotoxicity and effect against S. mutans biofilm of a D1–23-loaded bioadhesive liquid crystalline system (LCS). LCS was composed of oleic acid, polyoxypropylene-(5)-polyoxyethylene-(20)-cetyl alcohol, Carbopol® 974P and Carbopol® 971P. LCS was analyzed by polarized light microscopy (PLM), rheology (viscoelasticity and flow properties) and in vitro bioadhesion. The viability of epithelial cells was evaluated. Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) against S. mutans were determined for D1–23 for further evaluation of the effect against S. mutans biofilm after 4 and 24 h of exposure to treatments. Results PLM, rheology, and in vitro bioadhesion tests showed that both viscosity and bioadhesion of LCS increased after it was diluted with artificial saliva. D1–23-loaded LCS system presented better activity against S. mutans biofilm after 24 h when compared to 4 h of treatment, showing a cumulative effect. Neither LCS nor D1–23-loaded LCS presented toxicity on human epithelial cells. Conclusion D1–23-loaded LCS is a promising drug delivery system for the prevention of dental caries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Limi Aida
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Public Health, Araçatuba Dental School, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paula Fernanda Kreling
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Public Health, Araçatuba Dental School, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Karina Sampaio Caiaffa
- Department of Endodontics, Araçatuba Dental School, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Giovana Maria Fioramonti Calixto
- Department of Drugs and Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marlus Chorilli
- Department of Drugs and Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Denise Mp Spolidorio
- Department of Physiology and Pathology, Araraquara Dental School, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Norival Alves Santos-Filho
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemical Technology, Institute of Chemistry, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil.,Registro Experimental Campus, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Registro, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Maffud Cilli
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemical Technology, Institute of Chemistry, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Duque
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Public Health, Araçatuba Dental School, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
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Frade ML, de Annunzio SR, Calixto GMF, Victorelli FD, Chorilli M, Fontana CR. Assessment of Chitosan-Based Hydrogel and Photodynamic Inactivation against Propionibacterium acnes. Molecules 2018; 23:E473. [PMID: 29470387 PMCID: PMC6017752 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23020473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Revised: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Chitosan (CH) is a biopolymer that exhibits a number of interesting properties such as anti-inflammatory and antibacterial activity and is also a promising platform for the incorporation of photosensitizing agents. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of antimicrobial activity of chitosan hydrogel formulation alone and in combination with the methylene blue (MB) associated with antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) against planktonic and biofilm phase of Propionibacterium acnes. Suspensions were sensitized with 12.5, 25.0, 37.5, 50.0 μg/mL of MB for 10 min and biofilms to 75, 100 and 150 μg/mL for 30 min then exposed to red light (660 nm) at 90 J/cm² and 150 J/cm² respectively. After treatments, survival fractions were calculated by counting the number of colony-forming units. The lethal effect of aPDT associated with CH hydrogel in planktonic phase was achieved with 12.5 µg/mL MB and 1.9 log10 biofilm reduction using 75 µg/mL MB. Rheological studies showed that formulations exhibited pseudoplastic non-Newtonian behavior without thixotropy. Bioadhesion test evidenced that the formulations are highly adhesive to skin and the incorporation of MB did not influence the bioadhesive force of the formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Lucia Frade
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), 14800-903 Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Sarah Raquel de Annunzio
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), 14800-903 Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Giovana Maria Fioramonti Calixto
- Department of Drugs and Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), 14800-903 Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Francesca Damiani Victorelli
- Department of Drugs and Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), 14800-903 Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Marlus Chorilli
- Department of Drugs and Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), 14800-903 Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Carla Raquel Fontana
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), 14800-903 Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Antifungal Compounds against Candida Infections from Traditional Chinese Medicine. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:4614183. [PMID: 29445739 PMCID: PMC5763084 DOI: 10.1155/2017/4614183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Revised: 11/25/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Infections caused by Candida albicans, often refractory and with high morbidity and mortality, cause a heavy burden on the public health while the current antifungal drugs are limited and are associated with toxicity and resistance. Many plant-derived molecules including compounds isolated from traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) are reported to have antifungal activity through different targets such as cell membrane, cell wall, mitochondria, and virulence factors. Here, we review the recent progress in the anti-Candida compounds from TCM, as well as their antifungal mechanisms. Considering the diverse targets and structures, compounds from TCM might be a potential library for antifungal drug development.
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Calixto GMF, Duque C, Aida KL, dos Santos VR, Massunari L, Chorilli M. Development and characterization of p1025-loaded bioadhesive liquid-crystalline system for the prevention of Streptococcus mutans biofilms. Int J Nanomedicine 2017; 13:31-41. [PMID: 29296084 PMCID: PMC5741066 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s147553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Formation of a dental biofilm by Streptococcus mutans can cause dental caries, and remains a costly health problem worldwide. Recently, there has been a growing interest in the use of peptidic drugs, such as peptide p1025, analogous to the fragments 1025-1044 of S. mutans cellular adhesin, responsible for the adhesion and formation of dental biofilm. However, peptides have physicochemical characteristics that may affect their biological action, limiting their clinical performance. Therefore, drug-delivery systems, such as a bioadhesive liquid-crystalline system (LCS), may be attractive strategies for peptide delivery. Potentiation of the action of LCS can be achieved with the use of bioadhesive polymers to prolong their residence on the teeth. In line with this, three formulations - polyoxypropylene-(5)-polyoxyethylene-(20)-cetyl alcohol, oleic acid, and Carbopol C974P in different combinations (F1C, F2C, and F3C) were developed to observe the influence of water in the LCS, with the aim of achieving in situ gelling in the oral environment. These formulations were assessed by polarized light microscopy, small-angle X-ray scattering, rheological analysis, and in vitro bioadhesion analysis. Then, p1025 and a control (chlorhexidine) were incorporated into the aqueous phase of the formulation (F + p1025 and F + chlorhexidine), to determine their antibiofilm effect and toxicity on epithelial cells. Polarized light microscopy and small-angle X-ray scattering showed that F1C and F2C were LCS, whereas F3C was a microemulsion. F1C and F2C showed pseudoplastic behavior and F3C Newtonian behavior. F1C showed the highest elastic and bioadhesive characteristics compared to other formulations. Antibiofilm effects were observed for F + p1025 when applied in the surface-bound salivary phase. The p1025-loaded nanostructured LCS presented limited cytotoxicity and effectively reduced S. mutans biofilm formation, and could be a promising p1025-delivery strategy to prevent the formation of S. mutans dental biofilm.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cristiane Duque
- School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Kelly Limi Aida
- School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Loiane Massunari
- School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marlus Chorilli
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
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Gallic Acid-Loaded Gel Formulation Combats Skin Oxidative Stress: Development, Characterization and Ex Vivo Biological Assays. Polymers (Basel) 2017; 9:polym9090391. [PMID: 30965694 PMCID: PMC6418529 DOI: 10.3390/polym9090391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Revised: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress, which is a result of overproduction and accumulation of free radicals, is the main cause of several skin degenerative diseases, such as aging. Polyphenols, such as gallic acid, are an important class of naturally occurring antioxidants. They have emerged as strong antioxidants that can be used as active cosmetics. The purpose of this study was to develop a gallic acid-loaded cosmetic gel formulation and characterize it using rheological, mechanical, and bioadhesive tests. Its antioxidant effect in the stratum corneum was evaluated by a non-invasive method. According to the characterization tests, the formulation exhibited skin adhesiveness and pseudoplastic behavior without thixotropy, rendering it suitable for use as a cosmetic formulation. Furthermore, the non-invasive method indicated the antioxidant effect in the stratum corneum, with the global lipid peroxide reduction being 33.97 ± 11.66%. Thus, we were able to develop a promising gallic acid-loaded gel formulation that could reduce lipid peroxides and thus combat skin oxidative stress.
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24
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Development and In Vitro Evaluation of Lyotropic Liquid Crystals for the Controlled Release of Dexamethasone. Polymers (Basel) 2017; 9:polym9080330. [PMID: 30971006 PMCID: PMC6418543 DOI: 10.3390/polym9080330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Revised: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, amphiphilic polymers were investigated as biomaterials that can control dexamethasone (DXM) release. Such materials present interfacial properties in the presence of water and an oily phase that can result in lyotropic liquid crystalline systems (LLCS). In addition, they can form colloidal nanostructures similar to those in living organisms, such as bilayers and hexagonal and cubic phases, which can be exploited to solubilize lipophilic drugs to sustain their release and enhance bioavailability. It was possible to obtain lamellar and hexagonal phases when combining polyoxyethylene (20) cetyl ether (CETETH-20) polymer with oleic acid (OA), N-methylpyrrolidone (P), isopropyl myristate (IM), and water. The phases were characterized by polarized light microscopy (PLM), small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), rheological, textural, and bioadhesion analyses followed by an in vitro release assay. All samples showed elastic behavior in the rheology studies and hexagonal samples containing P and IM showed the highest adhesiveness. The drug release profile of all LLCS presented an average lag time of 3 h and was best fitted to the Korsmeyer-Peppas and Weibull models, with controlled release governed by a combination of diffusion and erosion mechanisms. These systems are potential carriers for DXM and can be explored in several routes of administration, providing potential advantages over conventional pharmaceutical forms.
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de Souza JF, Pontes KDS, Alves TFR, Amaral VA, Rebelo MDA, Hausen MA, Chaud MV. Spotlight on Biomimetic Systems Based on Lyotropic Liquid Crystal. Molecules 2017; 22:E419. [PMID: 28272377 PMCID: PMC6155424 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22030419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The behavior of lyotropic biomimetic systems in drug delivery was reviewed. These behaviors are influenced by drug properties, the initial water content, type of lyotropic liquid crystals (LLC), swell ability, drug loading rate, the presence of ions with higher or less kosmotropic or chaotropic force, and the electrostatic interaction between the drug and the lipid bilayers. The in vivo interaction between LCC-drugs, and the impact on the bioavailability of drugs, was reviewed. The LLC with a different architecture can be formed by the self-assembly of lipids in aqueous medium, and can be tuned by the structures and physical properties of the emulsion. These LLC lamellar phase, cubic phase, and hexagonal phase, possess fascinating viscoelastic properties, which make them useful as a dispersion technology, and a highly ordered, thermodynamically stable internal nanostructure, thereby offering the potential as a sustained drug release matrix for drug delivery. In addition, the biodegradable and biocompatible nature of lipids demonstrates a minimum toxicity and thus, they are used for various routes of administration. This review is not intended to provide a comprehensive overview, but focuses on the advantages over non modified conventional materials and LLC biomimetic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana F de Souza
- Laboratory of Biomaterials and Nanotechnology, University of Sorocaba (UNISO), Sorocaba, SP 18078-005, Brazil.
| | - Katiusca da S Pontes
- Laboratory of Biomaterials and Nanotechnology, University of Sorocaba (UNISO), Sorocaba, SP 18078-005, Brazil.
| | - Thais F R Alves
- Laboratory of Biomaterials and Nanotechnology, University of Sorocaba (UNISO), Sorocaba, SP 18078-005, Brazil.
| | - Venâncio A Amaral
- Laboratory of Biomaterials and Nanotechnology, University of Sorocaba (UNISO), Sorocaba, SP 18078-005, Brazil.
| | - Márcia de A Rebelo
- Laboratory of Biomaterials and Nanotechnology, University of Sorocaba (UNISO), Sorocaba, SP 18078-005, Brazil.
| | - Moema A Hausen
- Laboratory of Post-Graduate Program in Biotechnology and Environmental Monitoring (PPGBMA), University of São Carlos (UFSCAR), Sorocaba, SP 18052-780, Brazil.
- Laboratory of Biomaterials (LABIOMAT), Pontificial University Catholic (PUC), Sorocaba, SP 18030-070, Brazil.
| | - Marco V Chaud
- Laboratory of Biomaterials and Nanotechnology, University of Sorocaba (UNISO), Sorocaba, SP 18078-005, Brazil.
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Structural Features and the Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Green Tea Extract-Loaded Liquid Crystalline Systems Intended for Skin Delivery. Polymers (Basel) 2017; 9:polym9010030. [PMID: 30970708 PMCID: PMC6431852 DOI: 10.3390/polym9010030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Revised: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Camellia sinensis, which is obtained from green tea extract (GTE), has been widely used in therapy owing to the antioxidant, chemoprotective, and anti-inflammatory activities of its chemical components. However, GTE is an unstable compound, and may undergo reactions that lead to a reduction or loss of its effectiveness and even its degradation. Hence, an attractive approach to overcome this problem to protect the GTE is its incorporation into liquid crystalline systems (LCS) that are drug delivery nanostructured systems with different rheological properties, since LCS have both fluid liquid and crystalline solid properties. Therefore, the aim of this study was to develop and characterize GTE-loaded LCS composed of polyoxypropylene (5) polyoxyethylene (20) cetyl alcohol, avocado oil, and water (F25E, F29E, and F32E) with different rheological properties and to determine their anti-inflammatory efficacy. Polarized light microscopy revealed that the formulations F25, F29, and F32 showed hexagonal, cubic, and lamellar liquid crystalline mesophases, respectively. Rheological studies showed that F32 is a viscous Newtonian liquid, while F25 and F29 are dilatant and pseudoplastic non-Newtonian fluids, respectively. All GTE-loaded LCS behaved as pseudoplastic with thixotropy; furthermore, the presence of GTE increased the S values and decreased the n values, especially in F29, indicating that this LCS has the most organized structure. Mechanical and bioadhesive properties of GTE-unloaded and -loaded LCS corroborated the rheological data, showing that F29 had the highest mechanical and bioadhesive values. Finally, in vivo inflammation assay revealed that the less elastic and consistent LCS, F25E and F32E presented statistically the same anti-inflammatory activity compared to the positive control, decreasing significantly the paw edema after 4 h; whereas, the most structured and elastic LCS, F29E, strongly limited the potential effects of GTE. Thereby, the development of drug delivery systems with suitable rheological properties may enhance GTE bioavailability, enabling its administration via the skin for the treatment of inflammation.
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Mahmud M, Piwoni A, Filiczak N, Janicka M, Gubernator J. Long-Circulating Curcumin-Loaded Liposome Formulations with High Incorporation Efficiency, Stability and Anticancer Activity towards Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma Cell Lines In Vitro. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0167787. [PMID: 27936114 PMCID: PMC5147988 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0167787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The incorporation of hydrophobic drugs into liposomes improve their bioavailability and leads to increased stability and anticancer activity, along with decreased drug toxicity. Curcumin (Cur) is a natural polyphenol compound with a potent anticancer activity in pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PA). In the present study, different types of Cur-loaded liposomal formulations were prepared and characterized in terms of size, shape, zeta potential, optimal drug-to-lipid ratio and stability at 4°C, 37°C; and in human plasma in vitro. The best formulation in terms of these parameters was PEGylated, cholesterol-free formulation based upon hydrogenated soya PC (HSPC:DSPE-PEG2000:Cur, termed H5), which had a 0.05/10 molar ratio of drug-to-lipid, was found to be stable and had a 96% Cur incorporation efficiency. All Cur-loaded liposomal formulations had potent anticancer activity on the PA cancer cell lines AsPC-1 and BxPC-3, and were less toxic to a normal cell line (NHDF). Furthermore, apoptosis-induction induced by Cur in PA cells was associated with morphological changes including cell shrinkage, cytoplasmic blebbing, irregularity in shape and the externalization of cell membrane phosphatidylserine, which was preceded by an increase in intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and caspase 3/7 activation. Because the liposomal formulations tested here, especially the H5 variant which exhibited slow release of the Cur in the human plasma test, the formulation may be stable enough to facilitate the accumulation of pharmacologically active amounts of Cur in target cancer tissue by EPR. Therefore, our formulations could serve as a promising therapeutic approach for pancreatic cancer and other cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Mahmud
- Department of Lipids and Liposomes, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland
- * E-mail:
| | - Adriana Piwoni
- Department of Lipids and Liposomes, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Nina Filiczak
- Department of Lipids and Liposomes, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Martyna Janicka
- Department of Lipids and Liposomes, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Jerzy Gubernator
- Department of Lipids and Liposomes, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland
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Li C, Huang Z, Liu Z, Ci L, Liu Z, Liu Y, Yan X, Lu W. Sulfonate-modified phenylboronic acid-rich nanoparticles as a novel mucoadhesive drug delivery system for vaginal administration of protein therapeutics: improved stability, mucin-dependent release and effective intravaginal placement. Int J Nanomedicine 2016; 11:5917-5930. [PMID: 27877038 PMCID: PMC5108605 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s113658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Effective interaction between mucoadhesive drug delivery systems and mucin is the basis of effective local placement of drugs to play its therapeutic role after mucosal administration including vaginal use, which especially requires prolonged drug presence for the treatment of gynecological infectious diseases. Our previous report on phenylboronic acid-rich nanoparticles (PBNPs) demonstrated their strong interaction with mucin and mucin-sensitive release profiles of the model protein therapeutics interferon (IFN) in vitro, but their poor stability and obvious tendency to aggregate over time severely limited future application. In this study, sulfonate-modified PBNPs (PBNP-S) were designed as a stable mucoadhesive drug delivery system where the negative charges conferred by sulfonate groups prevented aggregation of nanoparticles and the phenylboronic acid groups ensured effective interaction with mucin over a wide pH range. Results suggested that PBNP-S were of spherical morphology with narrow size distribution (123.5 nm, polydispersity index 0.050), good stability over a wide pH range and 3-month storage and considerable in vitro mucoadhesion capability at vaginal pH as shown by mucin adsorption determination. IFN could be loaded to PBNP-S by physical adsorption with high encapsulation efficiency and released in a mucin-dependent manner in vitro. In vivo near-infrared fluorescent whole animal imaging and quantitative vaginal lavage followed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) assay of IFN demonstrated that PBNP-S could stay in the vagina and maintain intravaginal IFN level for much longer time than IFN solution (24 hours vs several hours) without obvious histological irritation to vaginal mucosa after vaginal administration to mice. In summary, good stability, easy loading and controllable release of protein therapeutics, in vitro and in vivo mucoadhesive properties and local safety of PBNP-S suggested it as a promising nanoscale mucoadhesive drug delivery system for vaginal administration of protein therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- ChunYan Li
- School of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin
| | - ZhiGang Huang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, Fudan University
| | - ZheShuo Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin
| | - LiQian Ci
- School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - ZhePeng Liu
- School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, Fudan University
| | - XueYing Yan
- School of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin
| | - WeiYue Lu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, Fudan University
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29
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Dos Santos Ramos MA, de Toledo LG, Calixto GMF, Bonifácio BV, de Freitas Araújo MG, Dos Santos LC, de Almeida MTG, Chorilli M, Bauab TM. Syngonanthus nitens Bong. (Rhul.)-Loaded Nanostructured System for Vulvovaginal Candidiasis Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:E1368. [PMID: 27556451 PMCID: PMC5000763 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17081368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Revised: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Herbal-loaded drug delivery nanotechnological systems have been extensively studied recently. The antimicrobial activity of medicinal plants has shown better pharmacological action when such plants are loaded into a drug delivery system than when they are not loaded. Syngonanthus nitens Bong. (Rhul.) belongs to the Eriocaulaceae family and presents antiulcerogenic, antioxidant, antibacterial, and antifungal activity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antifungal activity of Syngonanthus nitens (S. nitens) extract that was not loaded (E) or loaded (SE) into a liquid crystal precursor system (S) for the treatment of vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) with Candida albicans. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined by the microdilution technique. Additionally, we performed hyphae inhibition and biofilm tests. Finally, experimental candidiasis was evaluated in in vivo models with Wistar female rats. The results showed effective antifungal activity after incorporation into S for all strains tested, with MICs ranging from 31.2 to 62.5 μg/mL. Microscopic observation of SE revealed an absence of filamentous cells 24 h of exposure to a concentration of 31.2 μg/mL. E demonstrated no effective action against biofilms, though SE showed inhibition against biofilms of all strains. In the in vivo experiment, SE was effective in the treatment of infection after only two days of treatment and was more effective than E and amphotericin B. The S. nitens is active against Candida albicans (C. albicans) and the antifungal potential is being enhanced after incorporation into liquid crystal precursor systems (LCPS). These findings represent a promising application of SE in the treatment of VVC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matheus Aparecido Dos Santos Ramos
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNESP-Univ Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, São Paulo 14800-903, Brazil.
| | - Luciani Gaspar de Toledo
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNESP-Univ Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, São Paulo 14800-903, Brazil.
| | - Giovana Maria Fioramonti Calixto
- Department of Drugs and Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNESP-Univ Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, São Paulo 14800-903, Brazil.
| | - Bruna Vidal Bonifácio
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNESP-Univ Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, São Paulo 14800-903, Brazil.
| | | | - Lourdes Campaner Dos Santos
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Chemisty Institute, UNESP-Univ Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, São Paulo 14800-060, Brazil.
| | | | - Marlus Chorilli
- Department of Drugs and Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNESP-Univ Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, São Paulo 14800-903, Brazil.
| | - Taís Maria Bauab
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNESP-Univ Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, São Paulo 14800-903, Brazil.
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30
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Fujimura AT, Martinez RM, Pinho-Ribeiro FA, Lopes Dias da Silva AM, Baracat MM, Georgetti SR, Verri WA, Chorilli M, Casagrande R. Resveratrol-Loaded Liquid-Crystalline System Inhibits UVB-Induced Skin Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Mice. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2016; 79:1329-1338. [PMID: 27191910 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.5b01132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Evidence shows beneficial effects of resveratrol (RES) on human health. However, its poor aqueous solubility limits therapeutic effectiveness. Thus, the use of nanostructured delivery systems for RES, such as a liquid-crystalline system (LCS), could be viable. The purpose of this study was to develop, characterize, and determine the in vivo effectiveness of a RES-loaded LCS. We studied an LCS containing silicon glycol copolymer, polyether functional siloxane, and the polymeric dispersion carbomer homopolymer type B (C974) in the ratio 20:55:25 with and without RES. Results obtained using polarized light microscopy, small-angle X-ray scattering, and rheology analysis showed that the RES-loaded LCS system presents a lamellar structure and behaves as a non-Newtonian fluid presenting pseudoplastic (the apparent viscosity decreases as the stress increases) and thixotropic (the apparent viscosity decreases with the duration of stress) behaviors. Cytotoxicity studies showed that the formulation components are noncytotoxic. Topical application of a RES-loaded LCS protected hairless mice from UVB-irradiation-induced skin damage by inhibiting edema, neutrophil recruitment, lipid hydroperoxide and superoxide anion production, gp91phox mRNA expression, and oxidative stress. The RES-loaded LCS maintained 2,2'-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) and ferric reducing abilities, catalase activity, reduced glutathione levels, and mRNA expression of glutathione peroxidase 1 and glutathione reductase. The RES-loaded LCS also up-regulated matrix metalloproteinase-9 activity, IL-10 production, and mRNA expression of transcription factor Nrf2 and heme oxygenase-1. Therefore, a RES-loaded LCS is a promising new therapeutic approach to mitigate skin photodamage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andressa T Fujimura
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual Paulista-UNESP , Rodovia Araraquara-Jaú, Km 01, 14.801-902 Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renata M Martinez
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina-UEL , Avenida Robert Koch, 60, Hospital Universitário, 86039-440 Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Felipe A Pinho-Ribeiro
- Departamento de Ciências Patológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina-UEL , Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, Km 380, PR445, Cx. Postal 10.011, 86057-970 Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Amélia M Lopes Dias da Silva
- Centro de Investigação e Tecnologia de Ciências Agro-ambientais e Biológicas (CITAB), Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD) , Quinta de Prados 1013, P-5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Marcela M Baracat
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina-UEL , Avenida Robert Koch, 60, Hospital Universitário, 86039-440 Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Sandra R Georgetti
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina-UEL , Avenida Robert Koch, 60, Hospital Universitário, 86039-440 Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Waldiceu A Verri
- Departamento de Ciências Patológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina-UEL , Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, Km 380, PR445, Cx. Postal 10.011, 86057-970 Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Marlus Chorilli
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual Paulista-UNESP , Rodovia Araraquara-Jaú, Km 01, 14.801-902 Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rubia Casagrande
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina-UEL , Avenida Robert Koch, 60, Hospital Universitário, 86039-440 Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
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31
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Calixto GMF, Garcia MH, Cilli EM, Chiavacci LA, Chorilli M. Design and Characterization of a Novel p1025 Peptide-Loaded Liquid Crystalline System for the Treatment of Dental Caries. Molecules 2016; 21:158. [PMID: 26828470 PMCID: PMC6273485 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21020158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Revised: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Dental caries, mainly caused by the adhesion of Streptococcus mutans to pellicle-coated tooth surfaces, is an important public health problem worldwide. A synthetic peptide (p1025) corresponding to residues 1025–1044 of the adhesin can inhibit this binding. Peptides are particularly susceptible to the biological environment; therefore, a p1025 peptide-loaded liquid crystalline system (LCS) consisting of tea tree oil as the oil phase, polyoxypropylene-(5)-polyoxyethylene-(20)-cetyl alcohol as the surfactant, and water or 0.5% polycarbophil polymer dispersions as the aqueous phase was employed as a drug delivery platform. This system exhibited anticaries and bioadhesive properties and provided a protective environment to p1025 at the site of action, thereby modulating its action, prolonging its contact with the teeth, and decreasing the frequency of administration. LCSs were characterized by polarized light microscopy (PLM), small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), and rheological, texture, and bioadhesive tests. PLM and SAXS revealed the presence of hexagonal liquid crystalline phases and microemulsions. Rheological analyses demonstrated that the addition of polymer dispersions favored characteristics such as shear thinning and thixotropy, hence improving buccal application. Bioadhesion tests showed that polymer dispersions contributed to the adhesion onto the teeth. Taken together, LCS could provide a novel pharmaceutical nanotechnology platform for dental caries treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matheus Henrique Garcia
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, UNESP-Universidade Estadual Paulista, Campus Araraquara, Araraquara, SP 14800-850, Brazil.
| | - Eduardo Maffud Cilli
- Instituto de Química, UNESP-Universidade Estadual Paulista, Campus Araraquara, Araraquara, SP 14800-900, Brazil.
| | - Leila Aparecida Chiavacci
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, UNESP-Universidade Estadual Paulista, Campus Araraquara, Araraquara, SP 14800-850, Brazil.
| | - Marlus Chorilli
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, UNESP-Universidade Estadual Paulista, Campus Araraquara, Araraquara, SP 14800-850, Brazil.
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32
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dos Santos Ramos MA, Calixto G, de Toledo LG, Bonifácio BV, dos Santos LC, de Almeida MTG, Chorilli M, Bauab TM. Liquid crystal precursor mucoadhesive system as a strategy to improve the prophylactic action of Syngonanthus nitens (Bong.) Ruhland against infection by Candida krusei. Int J Nanomedicine 2015; 10:7455-66. [PMID: 26719688 PMCID: PMC4687718 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s92638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaginal infections caused by Candida krusei are a problem of extreme complexity due to the intrinsic resistance to azole drugs. The species Syngonanthus nitens (Bong.) Ruhland is a plant of the Eriocaulaceae family that has demonstrated promising antifungal activity. In phyto-formulation research, liquid crystal precursor mucoadhesive systems (LCPM) stand out as drug delivery systems for vaginal administration because they increase the activity and overcome the problems associated with plant-based medicines. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the potential of the methanolic extract of scapes of S. nitens (S. nitens extract [SNE]) and an SNE-loaded LCPM against C. krusei as prophylaxis for vulvovaginal candidiasis. LCPM formulation developed consisted of oleic acid as the oil phase (50% w/w), polyoxypropylene (5) polyoxyethylene (20) cetyl alcohol (40% w/w) as the surfactant and a polymeric dispersion containing 2.5% Carbopol® 974P and 2.5% polycarbophil (10% w/w) as the aqueous phase. LCPM formulation developed was characterized using polarized light microscopy, rheological analysis, and in vitro mucoadhesive studies. Different strains of C. krusei, including one standard strain (American Type Culture Collection 6258) and three clinically isolated strains from the vaginal region (CKV1, 2, and 3), were used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration, inhibition of biofilms, and time kill. The in vivo prophylaxis assay was performed using the standard strain (American Type Culture Collection 6258). The analyses of F by polarized light microscopy and rheology showed isotropy; however, the addition of 100% artificial vaginal mucus (F100) made it more viscous and anisotropic. Moreover, the mucoadhesive strength was modified, which makes F an excellent formulation for vaginal applications. SNE was active against all strains studied, with minimum inhibitory concentration values ranging from 125 to 62.5 µg/mL; after incorporating SNE into F (FE), these values decreased to 62.5 to 31.2 µg/mL, demonstrating that incorporation into the formulation potentiated the action of SNE. Additionally, the time kill assays showed that both forms of SNE were capable of controlling growth, thereby suggesting a possible fungistatic mechanism. Unloaded SNE was not active against C. krusei biofilms, but FE was active against a clinical strain (CKV2). In vivo analysis showed that FE was able to prevent the development of infection following 10 days of administration. We concluded that the formulation developed in this study was an important vehicle for the delivery of SNE based on the improved antifungal activity in all in vitro and in vivo analyses. Furthermore, the extract incorporated into the system may serve as an important prophylactic agent against vaginal infections caused by C. krusei.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Giovana Calixto
- Department of Drugs and Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University, Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Luciani Gaspar de Toledo
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine of São José do Rio Preto, São José do Rio Preto, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruna Vidal Bonifácio
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University, Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Lourdes Campaner dos Santos
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Chemistry Institute, São Paulo State University, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Marlus Chorilli
- Department of Drugs and Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University, Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Taís Maria Bauab
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University, Araraquara, Brazil
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