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Huang Q, Tang J, Ding Y, Li F. Application and design considerations of ROS-based nanomaterials in diabetic kidney disease. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1351497. [PMID: 38742196 PMCID: PMC11089164 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1351497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DKD) is a common chronic complication of diabetes mellitus and an important cause of cardiovascular-related death. Oxidative stress is a key mechanism leading to diabetic nephropathy. However, the current main therapeutic approach remains combination therapy and lacks specific therapies targeting oxidative stress. With the development of nanotechnology targeting ROS, therapeutic fluids regarding their treatment of diabetic nephropathy have attracted attention. In this review, we provide a brief overview of various ROS-based nanomaterials for DKD, including ROS-scavenging nanomaterials, ROS-associated nanodelivery materials, and ROS-responsive nanomaterials. In addition, we summarize and discuss key factors that should be considered when designing ROS-based nanomaterials, such as biosafety, efficacy, targeting, and detection and monitoring of ROS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yunchuan Ding
- Department of Endocrinology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Fangping Li
- Department of Endocrinology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
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Zheng M, Pan M, Zhang W, Lin H, Wu S, Lu C, Tang S, Liu D, Cai J. Poly(α-l-lysine)-based nanomaterials for versatile biomedical applications: Current advances and perspectives. Bioact Mater 2021; 6:1878-1909. [PMID: 33364529 PMCID: PMC7744653 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2020.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Poly(α-l-lysine) (PLL) is a class of water-soluble, cationic biopolymer composed of α-l-lysine structural units. The previous decade witnessed tremendous progress in the synthesis and biomedical applications of PLL and its composites. PLL-based polymers and copolymers, till date, have been extensively explored in the contexts such as antibacterial agents, gene/drug/protein delivery systems, bio-sensing, bio-imaging, and tissue engineering. This review aims to summarize the recent advances in PLL-based nanomaterials in these biomedical fields over the last decade. The review first describes the synthesis of PLL and its derivatives, followed by the main text of their recent biomedical applications and translational studies. Finally, the challenges and perspectives of PLL-based nanomaterials in biomedical fields are addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maochao Zheng
- Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xinling Road, Shantou, 515041, China
| | - Miao Pan
- Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xinling Road, Shantou, 515041, China
| | - Wancong Zhang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, 69 Dongxiabei Road, Shantou, 515041, China
| | - Huanchang Lin
- Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xinling Road, Shantou, 515041, China
| | - Shenlang Wu
- Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xinling Road, Shantou, 515041, China
| | - Chao Lu
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, China
| | - Shijie Tang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, 69 Dongxiabei Road, Shantou, 515041, China
| | - Daojun Liu
- Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xinling Road, Shantou, 515041, China
| | - Jianfeng Cai
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33620, USA
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Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1: A Potential Target to Treat Acute Lung Injury. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:8871476. [PMID: 33282113 PMCID: PMC7685819 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8871476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) is an acute hypoxic respiratory insufficiency caused by various intra- and extrapulmonary injury factors. Presently, excessive inflammation in the lung and the apoptosis of alveolar epithelial cells are considered to be the key factors in the pathogenesis of ALI. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) is an oxygen-dependent conversion activator that is closely related to the activity of reactive oxygen species (ROS). HIF-1 has been shown to play an important role in ALI and can be used as a potential therapeutic target for ALI. This manuscript will introduce the progress of HIF-1 in ALI and explore the feasibility of applying inhibitors of HIF-1 to ALI, which brings hope for the treatment of ALI.
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Cheng Z, Qian S, Qingtao M, Zhongyuan X, Yeda X. Effects of ATRA on diabetic rats with renal ischemia-reperfusion injury. Acta Cir Bras 2020; 35:e202000106. [PMID: 32236320 PMCID: PMC7106780 DOI: 10.1590/s0102-865020200010000006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To explore the role of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) in renal ischemia/reperfusion injury of diabetic rats. Methods Sixty adult male rats were randomly divided into 6 groups, including sham group (S group), ischemia-reperfusion group (I/R group), ischemia-reperfusion+ATRA group (A group), diabetic group (D group), diabetic ischemia-reperfusion group (DI/R group), diabetic ischemia-reperfusion +ATRA group (DA group). The levels of creatinine (Cr), cystatin C (Cys-C) and β2-microglobulin (β2-MG) were measured. Morphology of renal tissue was observed under light microscope. Results DJ-1, Nrf2, HO-1 and caspase-3 were detected by western blot. DJ-1, Nrf2, HO-1 and caspase-3 in I/R group, D group and DI/R group was higher than that in S group. Compared with I/R group, Nrf2 and HO-1 in A group was decreased, but caspase-3 was increased. However, Nrf2 in DA group was higher than that in DI/R group, HO-1 and caspase-3 in DA group were lower than that in DI/R group. Compared with group S, Cr, Cys-C and β2-MG in I/R group, A group, D group, and DI/R group were higher. Whereas the levels of Cr, Cys-C, β2-MG and renal injury score in DA group were lower than those in DI/R group. Conclusion ATRA has a protective effect on renal ischemia-reperfusion injury in diabetic rats, maybe relating to DJ/Nrf2 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeng Cheng
- People’s Hospital of Wuhan University, China
| | - Sun Qian
- People’s Hospital of Wuhan University, China
| | | | | | - Xiao Yeda
- People’s Hospital of Wuhan University, China
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Guo X, Shao B, Zhou S, Aprahamian I, Chen Z. Visualizing intracellular particles and precise control of drug release using an emissive hydrazone photochrome. Chem Sci 2020; 11:3016-3021. [PMID: 34122804 PMCID: PMC8157519 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc05321b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The spatiotemporal control over the structure of nanoparticles while monitoring their localization in tumor cells can improve the precision of controlled drug release, thus enhancing the efficiency of drug delivery. Here, we report on a photochromic nanoparticle system (LSNP), assembled from fluorescent bistable hydrazone photoswitch-modified amphiphilic copolymers. The intrinsic emission of the hydrazone switch allows for the visualization of particle uptake, as well as their intracellular distribution. The Z → E photoswitching of the hydrazone switch within the nanoparticle leads to the expansion of the nanoparticles (i.e., drug release) accompanied by emission quenching, the degree of which can function as an internal indicator for the amount of drug released. The bistability of the switch enables the kinetic trapping of particles of different sizes as a function of irradiation time, and allows for the exhibition of light-dependent cell cytotoxicity in MDA-MB-231 cells using LSNP loaded with doxorubicin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Guo
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University Chengdu 610031 China
| | - Baihao Shao
- Department of Chemistry, Dartmouth College Hanover New Hampshire 03755 USA
| | - Shaobing Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University Chengdu 610031 China
| | - Ivan Aprahamian
- Department of Chemistry, Dartmouth College Hanover New Hampshire 03755 USA
| | - Zi Chen
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College Hanover New Hampshire 03755 USA
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Activation of sirtuin1 protects against ischemia/reperfusion-induced acute kidney injury. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 125:110021. [PMID: 32092826 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sirtuin1 (SIRT1), a class III histone deacetylase, exerts a protective role against kidney injury. However, its functions in renal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury remains unclear as yet. In this study, we established acute kidney injury (AKI) rat model through renal ischemia and reperfusion, and the role of SIRT1 in I/R-induced AKI was investigated both in vivo and in vitro. In in vivo study, SIRT1 was expressed in tubular epithelial cells (TECs) and its expression was upregulated after I/R treatment. Meanwhile, our in vitro experiment confirmed that the expression of SIRT1 was also elevated in human renal proximal tubular epithelial (HK2) cells treated with hypoxia and reoxygenation (H/R). Notably, activation of SIRT1 by resveratrol (Res, an activator of SIRT1) could significantly ameliorate renal function and reduce the TECs apoptosis in rats. Likewise, Res intervention also reduced the apoptosis and the production of reactive oxygen species in HK2 cells. Furthermore, we found that the autophagy level was upregulated in I/R injury, which could be raised further through resveratrol intervention; and chloroquine (CQ, an autophagy inhibitor) did reverse these protective effects of SIRT1 activation. Taken together, our results suggest that SIRT1 plays a protective role by autophagy induction in I/R- induced AKI. Its role might serve as a preventive approach in I/R-associated AKI.
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Tong F, Tang X, Liu D. Phycocyanin/PEG- b-(PG- g-PEI) attenuated hepatic ischemia/reperfusion-induced pancreatic islet injury and enlarged islet functionality. Int J Nanomedicine 2019; 14:339-351. [PMID: 30655667 PMCID: PMC6322515 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s190938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatic ischemia/reperfusion-induced pancreatic islet injury (HI/RIPII) was an important pathophysiological phenomenon in clinics. In the present study, we observed the effects of phycocyanin on HI/RIPII. However, the half-life of phycocyanin was extremely short and limited its use in vivo. Materials and methods In order to overcome this shortcoming, poly(ethylene glycol)-b-(poly(l-glutamic acid)-g-polyethylenimine) (PEG-b-(PG-g-PEI)) was synthesized and estimated as a nanocarrier for lengthening delivery of phycocyanin through the abdominal subcutaneous injection in rats. Phycocyanin (isoelectric point=4.3) was encapsulated with PEG-b-(PG-g-PEI) via electrostatic interactions at pH 7.4. Results In vitro phycocyanin was fast and efficiently encapsulated and showing efficient loading and sustained release. In vivo the anti-HI/RIPII function of phycocyanin/PEG-b-(PG-g-PEI) complex was surveyed in rats using free phycocyanin as the controls, and the results showed that phycocyanin/PEG-b-(PG-g-PEI) complex reduced HI/RIPII property and enlarged islet functionality. Conclusion These results suggested that PEG-b-(PG-g-PEI) might be treated as a potential phycocyanin nanocarrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Tong
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Provincial Key Discipline of Pharmacology, Jiaxing University Medical College, Jiaxing, Zhejiang Province, PR China,
| | - Xiangyuan Tang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Medical College, Shantou University, Shantou, PR China
| | - Daojun Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Medical College, Shantou University, Shantou, PR China
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Xu J, Cao L, Suo Y, Xu X, Sun H, Xu S, Zhu X, Yu H, Cao W. Chitosan-microcapsulated insulin alleviates mesenteric microcirculation dysfunction via modulating COX-2 and VCAM-1 expression in rats with diabetes mellitus. Int J Nanomedicine 2018; 13:6829-6837. [PMID: 30498345 PMCID: PMC6207390 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s174030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The study of the experiment was to display the therapeutic function of insulin-loaded chitosan (insulin/chitosan) on mesenteric microcirculation via down-regulating cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM-1) expressions in rats with diabetes mellitus (DM) as compared to free insulin. Methods Diabetic rats were administrated with 24 U/kg insulin or 120 U/kg insulin/chitosan compounds. The blood and mesenteriums were collected, blood glucose levels, arteriole velocity, arteriole diameter, venular diameter, and hemodiapedesis were measured, and COX-2, VCAM-1 expressions were measured in mesenteriums tissues. Results Both insulin and insulin/chitosan administration decreased blood glucose and improved the state of mesenteric microcirculation through down-regulating COX-2 and VCAM-1 expressions as compared to DM groups, while insulin/chitosan remarkably augmented this functions. Conclusion Chitosan-microcapsulated insulin alleviates mesenteric microcirculation dysfunction via modulating COX-2 and VCAM-1 expressions in rats with DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Xu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The First Hospital of Jiaxing, Jiaxing 314001, Zhejiang Province, China,
| | - Lijun Cao
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The First Hospital of Jiaxing, Jiaxing 314001, Zhejiang Province, China,
| | - Yuan Suo
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The First Hospital of Jiaxing, Jiaxing 314001, Zhejiang Province, China,
| | - Xiaoqin Xu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The First Hospital of Jiaxing, Jiaxing 314001, Zhejiang Province, China,
| | - Hui Sun
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The First Hospital of Jiaxing, Jiaxing 314001, Zhejiang Province, China,
| | - Songao Xu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The First Hospital of Jiaxing, Jiaxing 314001, Zhejiang Province, China,
| | - Xiangyun Zhu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The First Hospital of Jiaxing, Jiaxing 314001, Zhejiang Province, China,
| | - Huijie Yu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The First Hospital of Jiaxing, Jiaxing 314001, Zhejiang Province, China,
| | - Weizhong Cao
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The First Hospital of Jiaxing, Jiaxing 314001, Zhejiang Province, China,
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Hu B, Yan Y, Tong F, Xu L, Zhu J, Xu G, Shen R. Lumbrokinase/paclitaxel nanoparticle complex: potential therapeutic applications in bladder cancer. Int J Nanomedicine 2018; 13:3625-3640. [PMID: 29983558 PMCID: PMC6027826 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s166438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lumbrokinase (LK) is an enzyme complex with antithrombotic, antioxidant, antitumor, and immunomodulatory effects. It has been extensively studied and used in clinical anti-tumor therapy. However, its half-life is short, its bioavailability is low, and its toxicity and side effects are great, which greatly limit its clinical application. Therefore, LK is often combined with other drugs (such as immune agents, hormones, or Chinese herbal medicine) to reduce its dosage and side effects and to improve its anti-tumor effects. Methods and results Here, we described an LK/paclitaxel (PTX) nanocarrier based on poly(ethylene glycol)-b-(poly(ethylenediamine l-glutamate)-g-poly(ε-benzyoxycarbonyl-l-lysine)-r-poly(l-lysine)) (PEG-b-(PELG-g-(PZLL-r-PLL))). In the present study, LK and PTX were loaded by electrostatic and/or hydrophobic effects under mild conditions, thereby increasing the half-life and bioavailability of the drugs via the sustained release and enhancement of tumor site enrichment by the LK/PTX/PEG-b-(PELG-g-(PZLL-r-PLL)) complex through passive targeting. In this study, using bladder cancer cells (J82 cells) and rat bladder cancer model as the object, the structure of the nanocarrier, the relationship between drugs composition and antitumor properties were systematically studied. Conclusion We propose that the block copolymer PEG-b-(PELG-g-(PZLL-r-PLL)) may function as a potent nanocarrier for augmenting anti-bladder cancer pharmacotherapy, with unprecedented clinical benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Hu
- Department of Oncopathology, Institute of Diabetes and Urological Disease, Jiaxing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, ;
| | - Ying Yan
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Tong
- Department of Oncopathology, Institute of Diabetes and Urological Disease, Jiaxing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, ;
| | - Long Xu
- Department of Oncopathology, Institute of Diabetes and Urological Disease, Jiaxing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, ;
| | - Jia Zhu
- Department of Oncopathology, Institute of Diabetes and Urological Disease, Jiaxing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, ;
| | - Guangtao Xu
- Department of Oncopathology, Institute of Diabetes and Urological Disease, Jiaxing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, ;
| | - Ruilin Shen
- Department of Oncopathology, Institute of Diabetes and Urological Disease, Jiaxing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, ;
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Tong F, Liu S, Yan B, Li X, Ruan S, Yang S. Endogenous ornithine decarboxylase/polyamine system mediated the antagonist role of insulin/PEG-CMCS preconditioning against heart ischemia/reperfusion injury in diabetes mellitus. Int J Nanomedicine 2018; 13:2507-2520. [PMID: 29719397 PMCID: PMC5922236 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s160848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Insulin has shown antioxidation and cytoprotective effects to decrease heart ischemia/reperfusion injury (HI/RI) in diabetes mellitus (DM), but the role of insulin/poly(ethylene glycol)-carboxymethyl chitosan (PEG-CMCS) on HI/RI in DM is not known. This research explored whether insulin/PEG-CMCS revealed a protective effect on HI/RI in DM through ornithine decarboxylase (ODC)/polyamine systems. MATERIALS AND METHODS Diabetes was induced via streptozotocin (STZ) in Sprague Dawley (SD) rats, which suffered from HI via blocking the left circumflex artery for 45 minutes, followed by 2 hours of reperfusion. α-Difluoromethylornithine-ethylglyoxal bis (guanylhydrazone) (DFMO-EGBG) and insulin/PEG-CMCS were administered to diabetic rats to explore their roles on severity of HI/RI. RESULTS Insulin could be fleetly and efficiently loaded via the nanocarrier PEG-CMCS at pH =6, showing efficient loading and stable release. In addition, insulin/PEG-CMCS showed significant hypoglycemic activity in diabetic rats. On the other hand, ischemia/reperfusion obviously augmented the contents of creatine kinase (CK), lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), putrescine (Pu), myocardial infarct size, and NF-κB and spermidine/spermine N'-acetyltransferase (SSAT) expressions and decreased the levels of spermine (Sp), polyamine pools (PAs), heart rate (HR), coronary blood flow (CF), left ventricular developed pressure (LVDP), and ODC expression, compared with Sham. Administration of insulin and insulin/PEG-CMCS both reduced the contents of CK, LDH, Pu, myocardial infarct size, and NF-κB and SSAT expressions and increased the levels of Sp, PAs, HR, CF, LVDP, and ODC expression, while insulin/PEG-CMCS significantly indicated the protective results, and DFMO-EGBG showed the opposite effects. CONCLUSION The research showed that insulin/PEG-CMCS could play a protective effect on HR/RI in diabetic rats via its antioxidative, antiapoptotic, and anti-inflammatory roles and modulating ODC/polyamine systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Tong
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Provincial Key Discipline of Pharmacology, Jiaxing University Medical College, Jiaxing, China
| | - Suhuan Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Bing Yan
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xuejun Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Shiwei Ruan
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shuyu Yang
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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Tong F, Chai R, Jiang H, Dong B. In vitro/vivo drug release and anti-diabetic cardiomyopathy properties of curcumin/PBLG-PEG-PBLG nanoparticles. Int J Nanomedicine 2018; 13:1945-1962. [PMID: 29662310 PMCID: PMC5892954 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s153763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The objective of this study was to survey the therapeutic function of curcumin-encapsulated poly(gamma-benzyl l-glutamate)-poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(gammabenzyl l-glutamate) (PBLG-PEG-PBLG) (P) on diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) via cross regulation effect of calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) and endogenous cystathionine-γ-lyase (CSE)/hydrogen sulfide (H2S). Methods Diabetic rats were preconditioned with 20 mg/kg curcumin or curcumin/P complex continuously for 8 weeks. The blood and myocardiums were collected, the level of serum H2S was observed, and the [Ca2+]i content was measured in myocardial cells, and hematoxylin-eosin, CaSR, CSE, and calmodulin (CaM) expression were detected. Results Both curcumin and curcumin/P pretreatment alleviated pathological morphological damage of myocardium, increased H2S and [Ca2+]i levels, and upregulated the expression of CaSR, CSE, and CaM as compared to DCM group, while curcumin/P remarkably augmented this effect. Conclusion PBLG-PEG-PBLG could improve water-solubility and bioactivity of curcumin and curcumin/PBLG-PEG-PBLG significantly alleviated diabetic cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Tong
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Provincial Key Discipline of Pharmacology, Jiaxing University Medical College, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Rongkui Chai
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Provincial Key Discipline of Pharmacology, Jiaxing University Medical College, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiying Jiang
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Provincial Key Discipline of Pharmacology, Jiaxing University Medical College, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Dong
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Provincial Key Discipline of Pharmacology, Jiaxing University Medical College, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
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Nanoparticle-mediated dual delivery of resveratrol and DAP5 ameliorates kidney ischemia/reperfusion injury by inhibiting cell apoptosis and inflammation. Oncotarget 2018; 8:39547-39558. [PMID: 28465474 PMCID: PMC5503631 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemia reperfusion (I/R) injury is a leading cause of acute kidney injury with high morbidity and mortality due to limited therapy. NMDA receptor inhibitor (DAP5) and resveratrol (Res) could ameliorate kidney I/R injury, but their use is limited by low aqueous solubility and poor stability. Here, we examined the potential protective effects of Res-DAP5 nanoparticles (NP) against renal I/R injury. Mice were subjected to renal ischemia for 30 min followed by reperfusion for 24 h. The results showed that Res-DAP5-NP could decreased serum creatinine (Cr) and urea nitrogen (BUN), alleviated tubular damage and oxidative stress. In addition, Res-DAP5-NP suppressed cell apoptosis, promoted the expression of p-DAPK, and inhibited the expression of p-CaMK and p-AKT. Furthermore, Res-DAP5-NP decreased the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and p-IκBα induced by renal I/R injury. In addition, Res-DAP5-NP also attenuated renal I/R injury in vivo, as manifested by increase in cell viability, SOD level, and the expression of p-DAPK, decreases in intracellular Ca2+ concentration and the expression of p-CaMK. Taken together, our findings indicates that Res-DAP5-NP could effectively protect renal I/R injury by inhibiting apoptosis and inflammation responses, possibly through AKT/NMDA/CaMK/DAPK and NF-κB pathways.
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Tong F, Liu S, Yan B, Li X, Ruan S, Yang S. Quercetin nanoparticle complex attenuated diabetic nephropathy via regulating the expression level of ICAM-1 on endothelium. Int J Nanomedicine 2017; 12:7799-7813. [PMID: 29123394 PMCID: PMC5661459 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s146978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the study was to reveal the therapeutic effect of quercetin (QUE) nanoparticle complex on diabetic nephropathy (DN) by regulating the expression of intercellular adhesion molecular-1 (ICAM-1) on endothelium as compared to free QUE. QUE 10 mg/kg as a single abdominal subcutaneous injection daily for 8 weeks continuously in diabetic rats and 10 mg/kg QUE nanoparticle complex as a single abdominal subcutaneous injection every 5 days, continuously administered for 8 weeks to diabetic rats. Blood and left kidneys were collected; pathological change of kidney, renal function, oxidative stress level, blood glucose level, serum lipid, urine protein, and albumin/creatinine ratio were measured; and neutrophil adhesion, ICAM-1 expression, and CD11b+ cells infiltration were observed. Both QUE and QUE nanoparticle complex preconditioning ameliorated the pathological damage of kidney and improved renal function, alleviated renal oxidative stress injury, restricted inflammatory cells infiltration, and downregulated the ICAM-1 expression as compared to DN group, while QUE nanoparticle complex significantly alleviated this effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Tong
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen.,Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Provincial Key Discipline of Pharmacology, Jiaxing University Medical College, Jiaxing, Zhejiang
| | - Suhuan Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen
| | - Bing Yan
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen
| | - Xuejun Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen
| | - Shiwei Ruan
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuyu Yang
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen
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14
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Shan F, Liu Y, Jiang H, Tong F. In vitro and in vivo protein release and anti-ischemia/reperfusion injury properties of bone morphogenetic protein-2-loaded glycyrrhetinic acid-poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(l-lysine) nanoparticles. Int J Nanomedicine 2017; 12:7613-7625. [PMID: 29089759 PMCID: PMC5654819 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s146546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we describe a bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) nanocarrier based on glycyrrhetinic acid (GA)-poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-b-poly(l-lysine) (PLL). A protein nanocarrier was synthesized, characterized and evaluated as a BMP-2 delivery system. The designed nanocarrier was synthesized based on the ring-opening polymerization of amino acid N-carboxyanhydride. The final product was measured with 1H nuclear magnetic resonance. GA-PEG-b-PLL nanocarrier could combine with BMP-2 through electrostatic interaction to form polyion complex (PIC) micelles. BMP-2 could be rapidly and efficiently encapsulated through the GA-PEG-b-PLL nanocarrier under physiological conditions, exhibiting efficient encapsulation and sustained release. In addition, the GA-PEG-b-PLL-mediated BMP-2 delivery system could target the liver against hepatic diseases as it has GA-binding receptors. The anti-hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury (anti-HI/RI) effect of BMP-2/GA-PEG-b-PLL PIC micelles was investigated in rats using free BMP-2 and BMP-2/PEG-b-PLL PIC micelles as controls, and the results showed that BMP-2/GA-PEG-b-PLL PIC micelles indicated significantly enhanced anti-HI/RI property compared to BMP-2 and BMP-2/PEG-b-PLL. All results suggested that GA-PEG-b-PLL could be used as a potential BMP-2 nanocarrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Shan
- Department of Physiology, Hexi University Medical College, Zhangye
| | - YuJuan Liu
- Department of Physiology, Hexi University Medical College, Zhangye
| | - Haiying Jiang
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Provincial Key Discipline of Pharmacology, Jiaxing University Medical College, Jiaxing, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Tong
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Provincial Key Discipline of Pharmacology, Jiaxing University Medical College, Jiaxing, People's Republic of China
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15
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Tong F, Zhou X. The Nrf2/HO-1 Pathway Mediates the Antagonist Effect of L-Arginine On Renal Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury in Rats. Kidney Blood Press Res 2017; 42:519-529. [PMID: 28854440 DOI: 10.1159/000480362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) is the most common cause of acute renal injury. I/R-induced oxidative stress is involved in the development of acute renal injury, which can be reversed by supplementation with L-arginine, a precursor of nitric oxide (NO). This study was conducted to evaluate alterations in the expression of transcription factors [nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), nuclear factor-E2-related factor-2 (Nrf2), and heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1)] and heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) in the kidney of I/R-induced injury rats. METHODS Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were subjected to bilateral renal ischemia for 45 min followed by reperfusion for 24 h. Group 1, Sham; group 2, I/R; group 3, L-arginine; and group 4, L-arginine+zinc protoporphyrin (ZnPP). The levels of serum creatinine (Scr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum nitric oxide (NO), histic malondialdehyde (MDA) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were determined, and the expression levels of Nrf2, HO-1, NF-κB, and HSP70 were evaluated. RESULTS The treatment of rats with L-arginine produced a significant reduction in the levels of BUN, Scr, MDA and a significant enhancement in the level of NO and in the activity of SOD compared to renal I/R groups. The expression levels of Nrf2, HO-1, and HSP70 were strongly increased, and the expression of NF-κB and production of ROS were significantly decreased in the L-arginine group compared to that of the I/R group. ZnPP increased renal damage and displayed effects opposite to those of L-arginine. CONCLUSION These findings suggested that L-arginine/NO reduces renal dysfunction associated with I/R of the kidney and may act as a trigger to regulate the NF-κB, HSP70 and Nrf2/HO-1 signaling cascades.
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Tong F, Zhang H. Poly (Ethylene Glycol)- Block-Brush Poly (L-Lysine) Copolymer as an Efficient Nanocarrier for Human Hepatocyte Growth Factor with Enhanced Bioavailability and Anti-Ischemia Reperfusion Injury Efficacy. Kidney Blood Press Res 2017; 42:495-508. [DOI: 10.1159/000479642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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17
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Sun ZY, Xia HG, Zhu DQ, Deng LM, Zhu PZ, Wang DB. Clinical significance of mechanical ventilation on ischemic-reperfusion injury caused by lung chest trauma and VEGF expression levels in peripheral blood. Exp Ther Med 2017; 14:2531-2535. [PMID: 28962192 PMCID: PMC5609215 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.4825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the clinical significance of mechanical ventilation on ischemic-reperfusion injury caused by lung chest trauma as well as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression levels in peripheral blood. Sixty-eight patients with severe chest trauma complicated with acute respiratory distress syndrome that were treated at our Tianjin Hospital from September 2013 to July 2016 were recruited. These patients were randomly and evenly divided into two groups, the research group and the control group. Thirty-four age and gender matched healthy people were selected as the normal group. Routine treatment was given to both the research and control groups, but mechanical ventilation was used in the research group. We detected pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) and alveolar-arterial oxygen difference (AaDO2) for patients in both groups before treatment, and after treatment for 1, 3, 6 and 12 h. We also tested PMN, superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), NO and Ang II value 30 min before and after treatment. We used the ELISA-test to detect VEGF expression levels in peripheral blood, followed by a statistical analysis. PVR levels of different time points in the research group were significantly lower than control group after treatment. The AaDO2 value of the control group is much smaller than research group (P<0.5) after treatment for 1, 3 or 6 h. PMN count difference and MDA level in the research group is significantly lower than the control group after treatment for 30 min, but SOD and NO levels are much higher. Ang II levels of the research group in left atrial blood is significantly lower than control group (P<0.05). By comparing the hospitalization times, we found that patients in the research group have a shorter duration in hospital than the control group; differences are statistically significant (P<0.05). Additionally, compared to control group, research group VEGF expression levels in peripheral blood are significantly lower (P<0.05). Therefore, mechanical ventilation can reduce the high VEGF expression levels in serum caused by ischemic-reperfusion and can be used for clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Yi Sun
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin 300210, P.R. China
| | - Hong-Gang Xia
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin 300210, P.R. China
| | - De-Qing Zhu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin 300210, P.R. China
| | - Li-Min Deng
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin 300210, P.R. China
| | - Peng-Zhi Zhu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin 300210, P.R. China
| | - Dong-Bin Wang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin 300210, P.R. China
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Hu B, Wu Y, Tong F, Liu J, Shen X, Shen R, Xu G. Apocynin Alleviates Renal Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury Through Regulating the Level of Zinc and Metallothionen. Biol Trace Elem Res 2017; 178:71-78. [PMID: 27909865 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-016-0904-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this research was to evaluate the protective effects of apocynin on renal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury (RI/RI) in rats. Rats preconditioned with apocynin were subjected to renal I/R. Zinc levels in serum and renal tissues, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and serum creatinine (Scr) were detected. We further measured the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD); the content of malondialdehyde (MDA), IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-α; and the expression of metallothionein (MT) in the renal tissues. Results indicated that the levels of MDA, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, and MT in the kidney tissue and serum BUN and Scr levels in RI/RI group were significantly higher than those in sham-operated group, while the levels of serum Zn and kidney Zn and SOD were reduced in RI/RI group. Apocynin treatment further decreased the levels of MDA, IL-6, TNF-α, and serum BUN and Scr, whereas it significantly increased the levels of Zn, SOD, IL-4, IL-10, and MT in the kidney tissue and serum Zn. These findings suggest that apocynin might play a protective role against RI/RI in rats through regulating zinc level and MT expression involving in oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Hu
- Department of Pathology and Nephrology, Jiaxing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 314001, Jiaxing, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuhong Wu
- Department of Pathology and Nephrology, Jiaxing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 314001, Jiaxing, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Tong
- Department of Pathology, Provincial Key Discipline of Pharmacology, Jiaxing University Medical College, 314001, Jiaxing, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Pathology and Nephrology, Jiaxing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 314001, Jiaxing, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohua Shen
- Department of Pathology and Nephrology, Jiaxing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 314001, Jiaxing, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruilin Shen
- Department of Pathology and Nephrology, Jiaxing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 314001, Jiaxing, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangtao Xu
- Department of Pathology, Provincial Key Discipline of Pharmacology, Jiaxing University Medical College, 314001, Jiaxing, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China.
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19
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Tong F. Preparation of exenatide-loaded linear poly(ethylene glycol)-brush poly(l-lysine) block copolymer: potential implications on diabetic nephropathy. Int J Nanomedicine 2017; 12:4663-4678. [PMID: 28721043 PMCID: PMC5500490 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s136646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The poly(ethylene glycol)-b-brush poly(l-lysine) polymer (PEG-b-(PELG50-g-PLL3)) was synthesized and evaluated as a nanocarrier for prolonging delivery of exenatide through the abdominal subcutaneous injection route. The isoelectric point of exenatide was 4.86, and exenatide could combine with PEG-b-(PELG50-g-PLL3) polymers via electrostatic interactions at pH 7.4. This polymer was a good candidate for achieving prolonged drug delivery for exenatide, considering its high molecular weight. Besides the physicochemical characterization of the polymer, in vitro and in vivo applications were researched as a sustained exenatide delivery system. In the in vitro release research, 20.16%-76.88% of total exenatide was released from the PEG-b-(PELG50-g-PLL3) polymer within 7 days. The synthesized block-brush polymers and exenatide-block-brush polymers were analyzed by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, gel permeation chromatography, transmission electron microscopy, nanoparticle size instrument, and scanning electron microscopy. The best formulation was selected for in vivo experimentation to achieve blood glucose control in diabetic rat models using free exenatide as the control. The hypoglycemic action of the formulation following subcutaneous injection in diabetic rats lasted 7 days, and the results indicated that exenatide-block-brush polymers demonstrate enhanced long-acting hypoglycemic action. Besides the hypoglycemic action, exenatide-block-brush polymers significantly alleviated diabetic nephropathy via improving renal function, decreasing oxidative stress injury, decreasing urinary albumin excretion rate, mitigating albumin/creatinine ratio, reducing blood lipids, abating kidney index, weakening apoptosis, and downregulating expression of connective tissue growth factor. All of the results suggested that PEG-b-(PELG50-g-PLL3) polymers could be used as potential exenatide nanocarriers, with efficient encapsulation and sustained release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Tong
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Provincial Key Discipline of Pharmacology, Jiaxing University Medical College, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
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20
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Tong F, Dong B, Chai R, Tong K, Wang Y, Chen S, Zhou X, Liu D. Simvastatin nanoparticles attenuated intestinal ischemia/reperfusion injury by downregulating BMP4/COX-2 pathway in rats. Int J Nanomedicine 2017; 12:2477-2488. [PMID: 28408819 PMCID: PMC5383092 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s126063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the research was to explore the therapeutic action of simvastatin-loaded poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(gamma-benzyl l-glutamate) (PEG-b-PBLG50) on intestinal ischemia/reperfusion injury (II/RI) through downregulating bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4)/cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) pathway as compared to free simvastatin (Sim). Sprague Dawley rats were preconditioned with 20 mg/kg Sim or simvastatin/PEG-b-PBLG50 (Sim/P) compounds, and then subjected to 45 min of ischemia and 1 h of reperfusion. The blood and small intestines were collected, serum levels of interleukin-4 (IL-4), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-10 (IL-10), tumor necrosis factor-α, and nitric oxide (NO) were checked, and the dry/wet intestine ratios, superoxide dismutase activity, myeloperoxidase content, reactive oxygen species, endothelial nitric oxide synthase, protein 47 kDa phagocyte oxidase (p47phox), BMP4, COX-2, and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38MAPK) expressions were measured in intestinal tissues. Both Sim and Sim/P pretreatment reduced intestinal oxidative damnification, restricted inflammatory harm, and downregulated the BMP4 and COX-2 expressions as compared to II/RI groups, while Sim/P remarkably improved this effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Tong
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Provincial Key Discipline of Pharmacology, Jiaxing University Medical College, Jiaxing, Zhejiang
- Correspondence: Fei Tong, Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Provincial Key Discipline of Pharmacology, Jiaxing University Medical College, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China, Email
| | - Bo Dong
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Provincial Key Discipline of Pharmacology, Jiaxing University Medical College, Jiaxing, Zhejiang
| | - Rongkui Chai
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Provincial Key Discipline of Pharmacology, Jiaxing University Medical College, Jiaxing, Zhejiang
| | - Ke Tong
- College of Life Science and Engineering
- State Defense Key Laboratory of Fundamental Science on Nuclear Wastes and Environment, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, Sichuan
| | - Yini Wang
- Department of Nursing, Zhejiang Rongjun Hospital, The Third People’s Hospital of Jiaxing, Jiaxing, Zhejiang
| | - Shipiao Chen
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Provincial Key Discipline of Pharmacology, Jiaxing University Medical College, Jiaxing, Zhejiang
| | - Xinmei Zhou
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Provincial Key Discipline of Pharmacology, Jiaxing University Medical College, Jiaxing, Zhejiang
| | - Daojun Liu
- Department of Pharmacochemistry, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
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21
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Xu G, Gu H, Hu B, Tong F, Liu D, Yu X, Zheng Y, Gu J. PEG- b-(PELG- g-PLL) nanoparticles as TNF-α nanocarriers: potential cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury therapeutic applications. Int J Nanomedicine 2017; 12:2243-2254. [PMID: 28356740 PMCID: PMC5367577 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s130842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury (BI/RI) is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide. However, the outcome of pharmacotherapy for BI/RI remains unsatisfactory. Innovative approaches for enhancing drug sensitivity and recovering neuronal activity in BI/RI treatment are urgently needed. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the protective effects of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α-loaded poly(ethylene glycol)-b-(poly(ethylenediamine L-glutamate)-g-poly(L-lysine)) (TNF-α/PEG-b-(PELG-g-PLL)) nanoparticles on BI/RI. The particle size of PEG-b-(PELG-g-PLL) and the loading and release rates of TNF-α were determined. The nanoparticle cytotoxicity was evaluated in vitro using rat cortical neurons. Sprague Dawley rats were preconditioned with free TNF-α or TNF-α/PEG-b-(PELG-g-PLL) polyplexes and then subjected to 2 hours ischemia and 22 hours reperfusion. Brain edema was assessed using the brain edema ratio, and the antioxidative activity was assessed by measuring the superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and the malondialdehyde (MDA) content in the brain tissue. We further estimated the inflammatory activity and apoptosis level by determining the levels of interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and nitric oxide (NO), as well as the expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), and cysteine aspartase-3 (caspase-3), in the brain tissue. We provide evidence that TNF-α preconditioning attenuated the oxidative stress injury, the inflammatory activity, and the apoptosis level in I/R-induced cerebral injury, while the application of block copolymer PEG-b-(PELG-g-PLL) as a potential TNF-α nanocarrier with sustained release significantly enhanced the bioavailability of TNF-α. We propose that the block copolymer PEG-b-(PELG-g-PLL) may function as a potent nanocarrier for augmenting BI/RI pharmacotherapy, with unprecedented clinical benefits. Further studies are needed to better clarify the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangtao Xu
- Department of Pathology and Chemistry, Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Immunopathology, Collaborative and Creative Center, Molecular Diagnosis and Personalized Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong
- Department of Pathology, Provincial Key Discipline of Pharmacology, Jiaxing University Medical College, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huan Gu
- Department of Pathology and Chemistry, Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Immunopathology, Collaborative and Creative Center, Molecular Diagnosis and Personalized Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Annapolis, MD, USA
| | - Bo Hu
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Jiaxing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fei Tong
- Department of Pathology, Provincial Key Discipline of Pharmacology, Jiaxing University Medical College, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Daojun Liu
- Department of Pathology and Chemistry, Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Immunopathology, Collaborative and Creative Center, Molecular Diagnosis and Personalized Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong
| | - Xiaojun Yu
- Department of Pathology and Chemistry, Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Immunopathology, Collaborative and Creative Center, Molecular Diagnosis and Personalized Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong
| | - Yongxia Zheng
- Department of Pathology and Chemistry, Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Immunopathology, Collaborative and Creative Center, Molecular Diagnosis and Personalized Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong
- Department of Pathology, Provincial Key Discipline of Pharmacology, Jiaxing University Medical College, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiang Gu
- Department of Pathology and Chemistry, Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Immunopathology, Collaborative and Creative Center, Molecular Diagnosis and Personalized Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong
- Correspondence: Jiang Gu, Department of Pathology, Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Immunopathology, Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xinling Road, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 754 8895 0207, Email
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