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Huang H, Zarogoulidis P, Lampaki S, Organtzis J, Petridis D, Porpodis K, Papaiwannou A, Karageorgiou V, Pitsiou G, Kioumis I, Hohenforst-Schmidt W, Li Q, Darwiche K, Freitag L, Rapti A, Zarogoulidis K. Experimentation with aerosol bonsetan, pirfenidone, treprostinil and sidenafil. J Thorac Dis 2014; 6:1411-9. [PMID: 25364518 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2072-1439.2014.08.38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Accepted: 08/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pulmonary hypertension (PH) has been identified either as a symptom or a primary entity. Several drugs are already on the market and other are being investigated. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is also a disease were several drugs are being investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS Three jet nebulizers and three ultrasound nebulizers were used for our experiments with seven different residual cups and four different loadings. Bonsetan, treprostinil, sidenafil and pirfenidone were modified in order to be produced as aerosol in an effort to identify parameters which influence the droplet size production size. RESULTS The four-way ANOVA on droplet size using the jet nebulizers revealed two statistically significant factors, drug (F=6.326, P=0.0007) and residual cup (F=4.419, P=0.0007), and their interaction term (F=5.829, P<0.0001). Drugs bonsetan and pirfenidone produce equally the lowest mean droplet size (2.63 and 2.80 respectively) as compared to other two drug mean sizes. The ANOVA results, concerning the ultrasound nebulizers, revealed only the nebulizers as producing significant effect on droplet size (F=4.753, P=0.037). DISCUSSION Our study indicates the importance of the initial drug design formulation. Moreover, further investigation of the residual cup design is an additional parameter that can assist in the optimal droplet size production, indifferently of the drug formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haidong Huang
- 1 Department of Respiratory Diseases Shanghai Hospital, II Military University Hospital, Shanghai, China ; 2 Pulmonary Department-Oncology Unit, "G. Papanikolaou" General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 3 Department of Food Technology, School of Food Technology and Nutrition, Alexander Technological Educational Institute, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 4 Department of Chemical Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 5 II Medical Department, "Coburg" Regional Hospital, Coburg, Germany ; 6 Department of Interventional Pneumology, "Ruhrlandklinik", West German Lung Center, University Hospital, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany ; 7 Pulmonary Department, "Sotiria" Hospital of Chest Diseases, Athens, Greece
| | - Paul Zarogoulidis
- 1 Department of Respiratory Diseases Shanghai Hospital, II Military University Hospital, Shanghai, China ; 2 Pulmonary Department-Oncology Unit, "G. Papanikolaou" General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 3 Department of Food Technology, School of Food Technology and Nutrition, Alexander Technological Educational Institute, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 4 Department of Chemical Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 5 II Medical Department, "Coburg" Regional Hospital, Coburg, Germany ; 6 Department of Interventional Pneumology, "Ruhrlandklinik", West German Lung Center, University Hospital, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany ; 7 Pulmonary Department, "Sotiria" Hospital of Chest Diseases, Athens, Greece
| | - Sofia Lampaki
- 1 Department of Respiratory Diseases Shanghai Hospital, II Military University Hospital, Shanghai, China ; 2 Pulmonary Department-Oncology Unit, "G. Papanikolaou" General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 3 Department of Food Technology, School of Food Technology and Nutrition, Alexander Technological Educational Institute, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 4 Department of Chemical Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 5 II Medical Department, "Coburg" Regional Hospital, Coburg, Germany ; 6 Department of Interventional Pneumology, "Ruhrlandklinik", West German Lung Center, University Hospital, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany ; 7 Pulmonary Department, "Sotiria" Hospital of Chest Diseases, Athens, Greece
| | - John Organtzis
- 1 Department of Respiratory Diseases Shanghai Hospital, II Military University Hospital, Shanghai, China ; 2 Pulmonary Department-Oncology Unit, "G. Papanikolaou" General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 3 Department of Food Technology, School of Food Technology and Nutrition, Alexander Technological Educational Institute, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 4 Department of Chemical Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 5 II Medical Department, "Coburg" Regional Hospital, Coburg, Germany ; 6 Department of Interventional Pneumology, "Ruhrlandklinik", West German Lung Center, University Hospital, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany ; 7 Pulmonary Department, "Sotiria" Hospital of Chest Diseases, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitris Petridis
- 1 Department of Respiratory Diseases Shanghai Hospital, II Military University Hospital, Shanghai, China ; 2 Pulmonary Department-Oncology Unit, "G. Papanikolaou" General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 3 Department of Food Technology, School of Food Technology and Nutrition, Alexander Technological Educational Institute, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 4 Department of Chemical Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 5 II Medical Department, "Coburg" Regional Hospital, Coburg, Germany ; 6 Department of Interventional Pneumology, "Ruhrlandklinik", West German Lung Center, University Hospital, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany ; 7 Pulmonary Department, "Sotiria" Hospital of Chest Diseases, Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Porpodis
- 1 Department of Respiratory Diseases Shanghai Hospital, II Military University Hospital, Shanghai, China ; 2 Pulmonary Department-Oncology Unit, "G. Papanikolaou" General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 3 Department of Food Technology, School of Food Technology and Nutrition, Alexander Technological Educational Institute, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 4 Department of Chemical Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 5 II Medical Department, "Coburg" Regional Hospital, Coburg, Germany ; 6 Department of Interventional Pneumology, "Ruhrlandklinik", West German Lung Center, University Hospital, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany ; 7 Pulmonary Department, "Sotiria" Hospital of Chest Diseases, Athens, Greece
| | - Antonis Papaiwannou
- 1 Department of Respiratory Diseases Shanghai Hospital, II Military University Hospital, Shanghai, China ; 2 Pulmonary Department-Oncology Unit, "G. Papanikolaou" General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 3 Department of Food Technology, School of Food Technology and Nutrition, Alexander Technological Educational Institute, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 4 Department of Chemical Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 5 II Medical Department, "Coburg" Regional Hospital, Coburg, Germany ; 6 Department of Interventional Pneumology, "Ruhrlandklinik", West German Lung Center, University Hospital, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany ; 7 Pulmonary Department, "Sotiria" Hospital of Chest Diseases, Athens, Greece
| | - Vasilis Karageorgiou
- 1 Department of Respiratory Diseases Shanghai Hospital, II Military University Hospital, Shanghai, China ; 2 Pulmonary Department-Oncology Unit, "G. Papanikolaou" General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 3 Department of Food Technology, School of Food Technology and Nutrition, Alexander Technological Educational Institute, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 4 Department of Chemical Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 5 II Medical Department, "Coburg" Regional Hospital, Coburg, Germany ; 6 Department of Interventional Pneumology, "Ruhrlandklinik", West German Lung Center, University Hospital, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany ; 7 Pulmonary Department, "Sotiria" Hospital of Chest Diseases, Athens, Greece
| | - Georgia Pitsiou
- 1 Department of Respiratory Diseases Shanghai Hospital, II Military University Hospital, Shanghai, China ; 2 Pulmonary Department-Oncology Unit, "G. Papanikolaou" General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 3 Department of Food Technology, School of Food Technology and Nutrition, Alexander Technological Educational Institute, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 4 Department of Chemical Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 5 II Medical Department, "Coburg" Regional Hospital, Coburg, Germany ; 6 Department of Interventional Pneumology, "Ruhrlandklinik", West German Lung Center, University Hospital, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany ; 7 Pulmonary Department, "Sotiria" Hospital of Chest Diseases, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis Kioumis
- 1 Department of Respiratory Diseases Shanghai Hospital, II Military University Hospital, Shanghai, China ; 2 Pulmonary Department-Oncology Unit, "G. Papanikolaou" General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 3 Department of Food Technology, School of Food Technology and Nutrition, Alexander Technological Educational Institute, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 4 Department of Chemical Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 5 II Medical Department, "Coburg" Regional Hospital, Coburg, Germany ; 6 Department of Interventional Pneumology, "Ruhrlandklinik", West German Lung Center, University Hospital, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany ; 7 Pulmonary Department, "Sotiria" Hospital of Chest Diseases, Athens, Greece
| | - Wolfgang Hohenforst-Schmidt
- 1 Department of Respiratory Diseases Shanghai Hospital, II Military University Hospital, Shanghai, China ; 2 Pulmonary Department-Oncology Unit, "G. Papanikolaou" General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 3 Department of Food Technology, School of Food Technology and Nutrition, Alexander Technological Educational Institute, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 4 Department of Chemical Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 5 II Medical Department, "Coburg" Regional Hospital, Coburg, Germany ; 6 Department of Interventional Pneumology, "Ruhrlandklinik", West German Lung Center, University Hospital, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany ; 7 Pulmonary Department, "Sotiria" Hospital of Chest Diseases, Athens, Greece
| | - Qiang Li
- 1 Department of Respiratory Diseases Shanghai Hospital, II Military University Hospital, Shanghai, China ; 2 Pulmonary Department-Oncology Unit, "G. Papanikolaou" General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 3 Department of Food Technology, School of Food Technology and Nutrition, Alexander Technological Educational Institute, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 4 Department of Chemical Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 5 II Medical Department, "Coburg" Regional Hospital, Coburg, Germany ; 6 Department of Interventional Pneumology, "Ruhrlandklinik", West German Lung Center, University Hospital, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany ; 7 Pulmonary Department, "Sotiria" Hospital of Chest Diseases, Athens, Greece
| | - Kaid Darwiche
- 1 Department of Respiratory Diseases Shanghai Hospital, II Military University Hospital, Shanghai, China ; 2 Pulmonary Department-Oncology Unit, "G. Papanikolaou" General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 3 Department of Food Technology, School of Food Technology and Nutrition, Alexander Technological Educational Institute, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 4 Department of Chemical Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 5 II Medical Department, "Coburg" Regional Hospital, Coburg, Germany ; 6 Department of Interventional Pneumology, "Ruhrlandklinik", West German Lung Center, University Hospital, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany ; 7 Pulmonary Department, "Sotiria" Hospital of Chest Diseases, Athens, Greece
| | - Lutz Freitag
- 1 Department of Respiratory Diseases Shanghai Hospital, II Military University Hospital, Shanghai, China ; 2 Pulmonary Department-Oncology Unit, "G. Papanikolaou" General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 3 Department of Food Technology, School of Food Technology and Nutrition, Alexander Technological Educational Institute, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 4 Department of Chemical Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 5 II Medical Department, "Coburg" Regional Hospital, Coburg, Germany ; 6 Department of Interventional Pneumology, "Ruhrlandklinik", West German Lung Center, University Hospital, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany ; 7 Pulmonary Department, "Sotiria" Hospital of Chest Diseases, Athens, Greece
| | - Aggeliki Rapti
- 1 Department of Respiratory Diseases Shanghai Hospital, II Military University Hospital, Shanghai, China ; 2 Pulmonary Department-Oncology Unit, "G. Papanikolaou" General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 3 Department of Food Technology, School of Food Technology and Nutrition, Alexander Technological Educational Institute, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 4 Department of Chemical Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 5 II Medical Department, "Coburg" Regional Hospital, Coburg, Germany ; 6 Department of Interventional Pneumology, "Ruhrlandklinik", West German Lung Center, University Hospital, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany ; 7 Pulmonary Department, "Sotiria" Hospital of Chest Diseases, Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Zarogoulidis
- 1 Department of Respiratory Diseases Shanghai Hospital, II Military University Hospital, Shanghai, China ; 2 Pulmonary Department-Oncology Unit, "G. Papanikolaou" General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 3 Department of Food Technology, School of Food Technology and Nutrition, Alexander Technological Educational Institute, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 4 Department of Chemical Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 5 II Medical Department, "Coburg" Regional Hospital, Coburg, Germany ; 6 Department of Interventional Pneumology, "Ruhrlandklinik", West German Lung Center, University Hospital, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany ; 7 Pulmonary Department, "Sotiria" Hospital of Chest Diseases, Athens, Greece
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