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Aida M, Togawa N, Mizuyama K, Aoki Y, Suehiro S, Sakamoto A, Uchida N, Yamada R. Heyndrickxia coagulans strain SANK70258 suppresses symptoms of upper respiratory tract infection via immune modulation: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, comparative study. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1389920. [PMID: 38957464 PMCID: PMC11218553 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1389920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Probiotic consumption strongly influences local intestinal immunity and systemic immune status. Heyndrickxia coagulans strain SANK70258 (HC) is a spore-forming lactic acid bacterium that has immunostimulatory properties on peripheral tissues. However, few reports have examined the detailed effectiveness of HC on human immune function and its mechanism of action. Therefore, we conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study to comprehensively evaluate the effects of HC on immunostimulatory capacity, upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) symptoms, and changes in intestinal organic-acid composition. Results of a questionnaire survey of URTI symptoms showed that runny nose, nasal congestion, sneezing, and sore throat scores as well as the cumulative number of days of these symptoms were significantly lower in the HC group than in the placebo group during the study period. Furthermore, the salivary secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) concentration was significantly higher, and the natural killer (NK) cell activity tended to be higher in the HC group than in the placebo group. In addition, we performed an exposure culture assay of inactivated influenza virus on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) isolated from the blood of participants in the HC and placebo groups. Gene-expression analysis in PBMCs after culture completion showed that IFNα and TLR7 expression levels were significantly higher in the HC group than in the placebo group. In addition, the expression levels of CD304 tended to be higher in the HC group than in the placebo group. On the other hand, the HC group showed a significantly higher increase in the intestinal butyrate concentration than the placebo group. HC intake also significantly suppressed levels of IL-6 and TNFα produced by PBMCs after exposure to inactivated influenza virus. Collectively, these results suggest that HC activated plasmacytoid dendritic cells expressing TLR7 and CD304 and strongly induced IFNα production, subsequently activating NK cells and increasing sIgA levels, and induced anti-inflammatory effects via increased intestinal butyrate levels. These changes may contribute to the acquisition of host resistance to viral infection and URTI prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanori Aida
- Science & Innovation Center, Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Togawa
- Science & Innovation Center, Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Mizuyama
- Department of Internal Medicine, Doujin Memorial Foundation Meiwa Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Aoki
- Food & Healthcare Deptartment, Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shouhei Suehiro
- Food & Healthcare Deptartment, Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akiho Sakamoto
- Food & Healthcare Deptartment, Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Noriyoshi Uchida
- Food & Healthcare Deptartment, Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryouichi Yamada
- Science & Innovation Center, Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa, Japan
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Khosravi M, Avizeh R, Zayerzadeh A, Gharibi D, Razijalali M. Effect of Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus coagulans spores on induced allergic contact dermatitis in dogs. Vet Med Sci 2024; 10:e1410. [PMID: 38501344 PMCID: PMC10949178 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.1410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Probiotic strains have the potential to modulate immune responses, reduce intestinal inflammation, normalize intestinal mucosal function and decrease allergic reactions. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the effect of oral probiotic supplements containing Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus coagulans spores on clinical symptoms, haematological factors and immune responses to allergic contact dermatitis in dogs induced by dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB). METHODS DNCB was injected subcutaneously into the scapular region of 20 healthy adult dogs of both sexes, divided into four groups, to induce experimental allergic contact dermatitis. Dogs in Group 1 received food without probiotics or medication. Oral prednisolone was administered to Group 2 for 30 days at a dosage of 0.25 mg/kg every other day. The dogs in Group 3 were treated with a combination of oral prednisolone and probiotics. The dogs in Group 4 were fed daily with a mixture of 109 B. subtilis and B. coagulans bacteria for 30 days. The immune system responses and related gene expression were analysed in the treated animals. RESULTS The administration of probiotics for 30 days resulted in a reduction in clinical symptoms and duration of wound repair. The probiotics treatment also significantly increased the serum bactericidal effects against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. It enhanced both the classic and alternative activity of the complement, as well as lysozyme activity. Additionally, the probiotics led to higher total immunoglobulin levels and significant reductions in anti-trypsin and C-reactive protein levels. Furthermore, the expression of IgE, induction of interferon-gamma and IL-4 genes were also reduced. CONCLUSIONS According to the results, B. subtilis and B. coagulans can be further investigated as a viable alternative to corticosteroids in treating allergic contact dermatitis in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Khosravi
- Department of PathobiologyFaculty of Veterinary MedicineShahid Chamran University of AhvazAhvazKhuzestanIran
| | - Reza Avizeh
- Department of Clinical SciencesFaculty of Veterinary MedicineShahid Chamran University of AhvazAhvazKhuzestanIran
| | - Akram Zayerzadeh
- DVSc of Small Animal Internal MedicineFaculty of Veterinary MedicineShahid Chamran University of AhvazAhvazKhuzestanIran
| | - Darioush Gharibi
- Department of PathobiologyFaculty of Veterinary MedicineShahid Chamran University of AhvazAhvazKhuzestanIran
| | - Mohammad Razijalali
- Department of Clinical SciencesFaculty of Veterinary MedicineShahid Chamran University of AhvazAhvazKhuzestanIran
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Kerksick CM, Moon JM, Jäger R. It's Dead! Can Postbiotics Really Help Performance and Recovery? A Systematic Review. Nutrients 2024; 16:720. [PMID: 38474848 PMCID: PMC10933997 DOI: 10.3390/nu16050720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent years, postbiotics have increased in popularity, but the potential relevancy of postbiotics for augmenting exercise performance, recovery, and health is underexplored. A systematic literature search of Google Scholar and PubMed databases was performed with the main objective being to identify and summarize the current body of scientific literature on postbiotic supplementation and outcomes related to exercise performance and recovery. Inclusion criteria for this systematic review consisted of peer-reviewed, randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled trials, with a population including healthy men or women >18 years of age. Studies required the incorporation of a postbiotic supplementation regimen and an outcome linked to exercise. Search terms included paraprobiotics, Tyndallized probiotics, ghost biotics, heat-killed probiotics, inactivated probiotics, nonviable probiotics, exercise, exercise performance, and recovery. Only investigations written in English were considered. Nine peer-reviewed manuscripts and two published abstracts from conference proceedings were included and reviewed. Supplementation periods ranged from 13 days to 12 weeks. A total of 477 subjects participated in the studies (n = 16-105/study) with reported results spanning a variety of exercise outcomes including exercise performance, recovery of lost strength, body composition, perceptual fatigue and soreness, daily logs of physical conditions, changes in mood states, and biomarkers associated with muscle damage, inflammation, immune modulation, and oxidative stress. Early evidence has provided some indication that postbiotic supplementation may help to support mood, reduce fatigue, and increase the readiness of athletes across several weeks of exercise training. However, more research is needed to further understand how postbiotics may augment health, resiliency, performance, and recovery. Future investigations should include longer supplementation periods spanning a wider variety of competitive athletes and exercising populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chad M. Kerksick
- Exercise and Performance Nutrition Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, College of Science, Technology, and Health, Lindenwood University, St. Charles, MO 63301, USA
| | - Jessica M. Moon
- Exercise Physiology, Intervention, and Collaboration Lab, School of Kinesiology and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Central Florida, 12494 University Blvd, Orlando, FL 32816, USA;
| | - Ralf Jäger
- Increnovo, LLC, Whitefish Bay, WI 53217, USA;
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Gurunathan S, Thangaraj P, Kim JH. Postbiotics: Functional Food Materials and Therapeutic Agents for Cancer, Diabetes, and Inflammatory Diseases. Foods 2023; 13:89. [PMID: 38201117 PMCID: PMC10778838 DOI: 10.3390/foods13010089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Postbiotics are (i) "soluble factors secreted by live bacteria, or released after bacterial lysis, such as enzymes, peptides, teichoic acids, peptidoglycan-derived muropeptides, polysaccharides, cell-surface proteins and organic acids"; (ii) "non-viable metabolites produced by microorganisms that exert biological effects on the hosts"; and (iii) "compounds produced by microorganisms, released from food components or microbial constituents, including non-viable cells that, when administered in adequate amounts, promote health and wellbeing". A probiotic- and prebiotic-rich diet ensures an adequate supply of these vital nutrients. During the anaerobic fermentation of organic nutrients, such as prebiotics, postbiotics act as a benevolent bioactive molecule matrix. Postbiotics can be used as functional components in the food industry by offering a number of advantages, such as being added to foods that are harmful to probiotic survival. Postbiotic supplements have grown in popularity in the food, cosmetic, and healthcare industries because of their numerous health advantages. Their classification depends on various factors, including the type of microorganism, structural composition, and physiological functions. This review offers a succinct introduction to postbiotics while discussing their salient features and classification, production, purification, characterization, biological functions, and applications in the food industry. Furthermore, their therapeutic mechanisms as antibacterial, antiviral, antioxidant, anticancer, anti-diabetic, and anti-inflammatory agents are elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangiliyandi Gurunathan
- Department of Biotechnology, Rathinam College of Arts and Science, Eachanari, Coimbatore 641021, Tamil Nadu, India;
| | - Pratheep Thangaraj
- Department of Biotechnology, Rathinam College of Arts and Science, Eachanari, Coimbatore 641021, Tamil Nadu, India;
| | - Jin-Hoi Kim
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
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Iloba I, McGarry SV, Yu L, Cruickshank D, Jensen GS. Differential Immune-Modulating Activities of Cell Walls and Secreted Metabolites from Probiotic Bacillus coagulans JBI-YZ6.3 under Normal versus Inflamed Culture Conditions. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2564. [PMID: 37894222 PMCID: PMC10609156 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11102564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Spore-forming probiotic bacteria, including Bacillus coagulans, are resilient and produce a variety of beneficial metabolites. We evaluated the immune-modulating effects of the novel probiotic strain Bacillus coagulans JBI-YZ6.3, where the germinated spores, metabolite fraction, and cell wall fraction were tested in parallel using human peripheral blood mononuclear cell cultures under both normal and lipopolysaccharide-induced inflamed culture conditions. The expression of CD25 and CD69 activation markers was evaluated via flow cytometry. Supernatants were tested for cytokines, interferons, chemokines, and growth factors using Luminex arrays. The germinated spores were highly immunogenic; both the cell wall and metabolite fractions contributed significantly. Under normal culture conditions, increased levels of immune activation were observed as increased expressions of CD25 and CD69 relative to natural killer cells, suggesting an increased ability to attack virus-infected target cells. On monocytes, a complex effect was observed, where the expression of CD25 increased under normal conditions but decreased under inflamed conditions. This, in combination with increased interleukin-10 (IL-10) and decreased monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) production under inflamed conditions, points to anti-inflammatory effects. The production of the stem cell-related growth factor granulocyte colony-stimulating Factor (G-CSF) was enhanced. Further research is warranted to characterize the composition of the postbiotic metabolite fraction and document the characteristics of immunomodulating agents secreted by this probiotic strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ifeanyi Iloba
- NIS Labs, 1437 Esplanade, Klamath Falls, OR 97601, USA;
| | - Sage V. McGarry
- NIS Labs, 807 St. George St., Port Dover, ON N0A 1N0, Canada; (S.V.M.); (L.Y.); (D.C.)
| | - Liu Yu
- NIS Labs, 807 St. George St., Port Dover, ON N0A 1N0, Canada; (S.V.M.); (L.Y.); (D.C.)
| | - Dina Cruickshank
- NIS Labs, 807 St. George St., Port Dover, ON N0A 1N0, Canada; (S.V.M.); (L.Y.); (D.C.)
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Zhang X, Xu J, Ma M, Zhao Y, Song Y, Zheng B, Wen Z, Gong M, Meng L. Heat-Killed Lactobacillus rhamnosus ATCC 7469 Improved UVB-Induced Photoaging Via Antiwrinkle and Antimelanogenesis Impacts. Photochem Photobiol 2023; 99:1318-1331. [PMID: 36588480 DOI: 10.1111/php.13775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Exposure of ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation is the main factor from the environment to cause skin photoaging. Lactobacillus rhamnosus ATCC 7469, is a probiotic strain with a good track record for enhancing human health. The present study conducted the impacts of heat-killed L. rhamnosus ATCC 7469 (RL) on photoaging in vitro using mouse skin fibroblast (MSF) cells and human epidermal melanocytes (HEM) exposed to UVB. The results showed that (1) RL-protected UVB-induced cytotoxicity relating to absorb UVB and reduce DNA damage. (2) RL exerted the antiwrinkle impact involved in two aspects. Firstly, RL downregulated MMP-1, 2, 3 expressions associating with MAPK signaling, resulting in the increased the protein expression of COL1A1, further booting type I collagen abundant thereby promoting the antiwrinkle impact in MSF cells. Secondly, RL reduced ROS content, further decreasing oxidative damage relating to Nrf2/Sirt3/SOD2 signaling, thereby promoting the antiwrinkle impact in MSF cells. (3) RL suppressed tyrosinase and TYRP-2 activity and/or levels associating with PKA/CREB/MITF signaling, thereby promoting antimelanogenesis impact in HEM cells. In conclusion, our findings suggest that RL could reduce photoaging caused by UVB via antiwrinkle and antimelanogenesis properties and may be a potential antiphotoaging beneficial component, which is applied in the cosmetic industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofang Zhang
- Food and Pharmacy College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Food and Pharmacy College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang, China
| | - Mingzhu Ma
- Zhejiang Marine Development Research Institute, Zhoushan, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yadong Zhao
- Food and Pharmacy College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yan Song
- Food and Pharmacy College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang, China
| | - Bin Zheng
- Food and Pharmacy College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhengshun Wen
- Food and Pharmacy College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang, China
| | - Miao Gong
- Food and Pharmacy College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lingting Meng
- Food and Pharmacy College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang, China
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A AJ, Suresh A. Oral microbial shift induced by probiotic Bacillus coagualans along with its clinical perspectives. J Oral Biol Craniofac Res 2023; 13:398-402. [PMID: 37124834 PMCID: PMC10131115 DOI: 10.1016/j.jobcr.2023.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
When used in adequate amounts, Probiotics are considered to beneficially affect host health in many respects. Bacillus coagulans, with its probiotic characteristics, has recently attracted the attention of many researchers and food manufacturers due to its high tolerance in extreme environments because of its spore-forming nature. Several beneficial effects of B. coagulans have been estimated as it exhibits properties of both the genera Bacillus as well as Lactobacillus. Recent literature has proven that B. coagulans has therapeutic effects on intestinal diseases including acute diarrhea, irritable bowel syndrome, antibiotic-related diarrhea, constipation, and colitis via modulation of the microbial composition, host immunity, and general metabolism. Due to the evidence supporting various probiotic effects of B. coagulans, the administration of many B. coagulans strains has been studied in the prevention and management of several oral diseases and conditions. The current review summarizes the probiotic characteristics and clinical, microbiological changes associated with the application of B. coagulans in oral health and diseases along with its future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aysha Jebin A
- Department of Periodontics, Krishnadevaraya College of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Aparnna Suresh
- Umm Al Quwain Specialised Dental Center, Emirates Health Services-Ministry of Health, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
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Antimicrobial Resistance and Recent Alternatives to Antibiotics for the Control of Bacterial Pathogens with an Emphasis on Foodborne Pathogens. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12020274. [PMID: 36830185 PMCID: PMC9952301 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12020274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is one of the most important global public health problems. The imprudent use of antibiotics in humans and animals has resulted in the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. The dissemination of these strains and their resistant determinants could endanger antibiotic efficacy. Therefore, there is an urgent need to identify and develop novel strategies to combat antibiotic resistance. This review provides insights into the evolution and the mechanisms of AMR. Additionally, it discusses alternative approaches that might be used to control AMR, including probiotics, prebiotics, antimicrobial peptides, small molecules, organic acids, essential oils, bacteriophage, fecal transplants, and nanoparticles.
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Harringer EOS, Durack J, Piceno Y, Andersen V, Lynch SV. Gluten Degradation by the Gut Microbiota of Ulcerative Colitis Patients. Microorganisms 2022; 11:microorganisms11010012. [PMID: 36677307 PMCID: PMC9867242 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11010012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Several studies have reported improved disease symptomatology in ulcerative colitis (UC) patients consuming a gluten free diet. This observation coupled with diversity depletion in the gut microbiota of UC patients led us to hypothesize that UC-associated enteric microbes differentially metabolize dietary gluten to produce immunogenic products that promote inflammation. Gluten concentration in stool was determined using gluten-specific ELISA, and gluten intake was assessed by food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) in UC (n = 12) and healthy controls (HC; n = 13). Gluten-metabolizing bacteria were isolated on minimal media supplemented with 1% gluten from UC and HC and identified by 16S rRNA profiling. Cell-free culture media from gluten metabolizing gut bacterial isolates was assessed for immunogenicity in vitro using HT29 colonocytes. Compared to HC, UC patients did not consume gluten differently (Mann−Whitney; p > 0.10) and exhibited equivalent levels of gluten in their feces (Mann−Whitney; p = 0.163). The profile of gluten-degrading bacteria isolated from UC stool was distinct (Chi-square; p ≤ 0.0001). Compared with Enterococcus isolates, products of gluten degradation by Bacillus strains induced higher IL8 and lower occludin (Mann−Whitney; p = 0.002 and p = 0.059, respectively) gene expression in colonocytes irrespective of whether they originated from UC or healthy gut. Members of HC and UC microbiota exhibit gluten-degrading ability, metabolites of which influence genes involved in inflammation and barrier function in enteric colonocyte cultures. Preliminary findings of this study warrant further investigations into the mechanisms by which gut microbiota contribute to UC pathogenesis through gluten degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Olivia Schultz Harringer
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Molecular Diagnostics and Clinical Research Unit, IRS-Centre Soenderjylland, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, 6200 Aabenraa, Denmark
| | - Juliana Durack
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Yvette Piceno
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Vibeke Andersen
- Molecular Diagnostics and Clinical Research Unit, IRS-Centre Soenderjylland, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, 6200 Aabenraa, Denmark
- Institute of Regional Research, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark
| | - Susan V. Lynch
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-415-476-6784
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Styková E, Nemcová R, Maďar M, Bujňáková D, Mucha R, Gancarčíková S, Requena Domenech F. Antibiofilm Activity of Weissella spp. and Bacillus coagulans Isolated from Equine Skin against Staphylococcus aureus. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:2135. [PMID: 36556500 PMCID: PMC9787530 DOI: 10.3390/life12122135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity of Weissella cibaria, Weissella hellenica and Bacillus coagulans, isolated from equine skin, against biofilm-forming Staphylococcus aureus CCM 4223 and clinical isolate methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). Non-neutralized cell-free supernatants (nnCFS) of tested skin isolates completely inhibited the growth and biofilm formation of S. aureus strains and caused dispersion of the 24 h preformed biofilm in the range of 21-90%. The majority of the pH-neutralized cell-free supernatants (nCFS) of skin isolates inhibited the biofilm formation of both S. aureus strains in the range of 20-100%. The dispersion activity of B. coagulans nCFS ranged from 17 to 77% and was significantly lower than that of nnCFS, except for B. coagulans 3T27 against S. aureus CCM 4223. Changes in the growth of S. aureus CCM 4223 in the presence of catalase- or trypsin-treated W. hellenica 4/2D23 and W. cibaria 4/8D37 nCFS indicated the role of peroxides and/or bacteriocin in their antimicrobial activities. For the first time, the presence of the fenD gene, associated with biosurfactants production, was detected in B. coagulans. The results of this study showed that selected isolates may have the potential for the prevention and treatment of biofilm-forming S. aureus infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Styková
- Clinic of Horses, University Veterinary Hospital, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Komenského 73, 041 81 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Radomíra Nemcová
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Komenského 73, 041 81 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Marián Maďar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Komenského 73, 041 81 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Dobroslava Bujňáková
- Institute of Animal Physiology, Centre of Biosciences of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Šoltésovej 4, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Rastislav Mucha
- Institute of Neurobiology, Biomedical Research Center of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Šoltésovej 4, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Soňa Gancarčíková
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Komenského 73, 041 81 Košice, Slovakia
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Application of Weizmannia coagulans in the medical and livestock industry. ANN MICROBIOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1186/s13213-022-01687-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Purpose
Products enriched with probiotics have always been fashionable. Weizmannia coagulans has become a hot research topic in the academic community due to their multiple functional properties and high resistance to stress, which can retain their activity in a variety of harsh environments. This review aims to evaluate the probiotic effects of different strains of Weizmannia coagulans in animals and humans and to inspire better exploitation of the value of this strain.
Methods
This review summarizes the latest research progress of Weizmannia coagulans from two major applications in animal breeding and human health.
Results
The functional properties of Weizmannia coagulans are extensively recognized. In animals, the strain can promote nutrient absorption, reduce mortality, and enhance the slaughter rate in livestock and poultry. In humans, the strain can be used to treat gastrointestinal disorders, immunomodulation, depressive symptoms, and non-alcoholic fatty liver. Weizmannia coagulans is projected as an ideal substitute for antibiotics and other chemical drugs.
Conclusion
Despite the outstanding functional properties of Weizmannia coagulans, there are numerous strains of Weizmannia coagulans and significant differences between strains in functional and physiological properties. Currently, there are few literature reports on the probiotic mechanism and functional gene identification of Weizmannia coagulans, which is crucial for the commercialization of Weizmannia coagulans and the benefit of human society.
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Lee CC, Liao YC, Lee MC, Cheng YC, Chiou SY, Lin JS, Huang CC, Watanabe K. Different Impacts of Heat-Killed and Viable Lactiplantibacillus plantarum TWK10 on Exercise Performance, Fatigue, Body Composition, and Gut Microbiota in Humans. Microorganisms 2022; 10:2181. [PMID: 36363775 PMCID: PMC9692508 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10112181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Lactiplantibacillus plantarum TWK10, a probiotic strain, has been demonstrated to improve exercise performance, regulate body composition, and ameliorate age-related declines. Here, we performed a comparative analysis of viable and heat-killed TWK10 in the regulation of exercise performance, body composition, and gut microbiota in humans. Healthy adults (n = 53) were randomly divided into three groups: Control, TWK10 (viable TWK10, 3 × 1011 colony forming units/day), and TWK10-hk (heat-killed TWK10, 3 × 1011 cells/day) groups. After six-week administration, both the TWK10 and TWK10-hk groups had significantly improved exercise performance and fatigue-associated features and reduced exercise-induced inflammation, compared with controls. Viable TWK10 significantly promoted improved body composition, by increasing muscle mass proportion and reducing fat mass. Gut microbiota analysis demonstrated significantly increasing trends in the relative abundances of Akkermansiaceae and Prevotellaceae in subjects receiving viable TWK10. Predictive metagenomic profiling revealed that heat-killed TWK10 administration significantly enhanced the signaling pathways involved in amino acid metabolisms, while glutathione metabolism, and ubiquinone and other terpenoid-quinone biosynthesis pathways were enriched by viable TWK10. In conclusion, viable and heat-killed TWK10 had similar effects in improving exercise performance and attenuating exercise-induced inflammatory responses as probiotics and postbiotics, respectively. Viable TWK10 was also highly effective in regulating body composition. The differences in efficacy between viable and heat-killed TWK10 may be due to differential impacts in shaping gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Chia Lee
- Culture Collection & Research Institute, SYNBIO TECH INC., Kaohsiung 82151, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chu Liao
- Culture Collection & Research Institute, SYNBIO TECH INC., Kaohsiung 82151, Taiwan
| | - Mon-Chien Lee
- Graduate Institute of Sports Science, National Taiwan Sport University, Taoyuan 333325, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chen Cheng
- Culture Collection & Research Institute, SYNBIO TECH INC., Kaohsiung 82151, Taiwan
| | - Shiou-Yun Chiou
- Culture Collection & Research Institute, SYNBIO TECH INC., Kaohsiung 82151, Taiwan
| | - Jin-Seng Lin
- Culture Collection & Research Institute, SYNBIO TECH INC., Kaohsiung 82151, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Chang Huang
- Graduate Institute of Sports Science, National Taiwan Sport University, Taoyuan 333325, Taiwan
| | - Koichi Watanabe
- Culture Collection & Research Institute, SYNBIO TECH INC., Kaohsiung 82151, Taiwan
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10672, Taiwan
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13
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Lu S, Na K, Li Y, Zhang L, Fang Y, Guo X. Bacillus-derived probiotics: metabolites and mechanisms involved in bacteria-host interactions. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:1701-1714. [PMID: 36066454 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2118659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Bacillus probiotics have a sporulation capacity that makes them more suitable for processing and storage and for surviving passage through the gastrointestinal tract. The probiotic functions and regulatory mechanisms of different Bacillus have been exploited in many reports, but little is known about how various Bacillus probiotics perform different functions. This knowledge gap results in a lack of specificity in the selection and application of Bacillus. The probiotic properties are strain-specific and cell-type-specific, and are related to the germination potential and to the diversity of metabolites produced following intestinal germination, as this causes the variation in probiotic function and mechanisms. In this review, we discuss the Bacillus metabolites produced during germination and sporulation in the GI tract, as well as possible processes affecting intestinal homeostasis. We conclude that the oxygen-capturing capability and the production of antimicrobials, exoenzymes, competence and sporulation factors (CSF), exopolysaccharides, lactic acid, and cell components are specifically associated with the functional mechanisms of probiotic Bacillus. The aim of this review is to guide the screening of potential Bacillus strains for probiotics and their application in nutrition research. The information provided will also promote further research on Bacillus-derived functional metabolites in human nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Lu
- College of Life Science, South-Central Minzu University, Hubei Province, China
| | - Kai Na
- College of Life Science, South-Central Minzu University, Hubei Province, China
| | - Yuanrong Li
- College of Life Science, South-Central Minzu University, Hubei Province, China
| | - Li Zhang
- College of Life Science, South-Central Minzu University, Hubei Province, China
| | - Ying Fang
- College of Life Science, South-Central Minzu University, Hubei Province, China
| | - Xiaohua Guo
- College of Life Science, South-Central Minzu University, Hubei Province, China
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14
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MLST analysis of genetic diversity of Bacillus coagulans strains to evaluate effects on constipation model. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2022.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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15
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Uhlig E, Elli G, Nurminen N, Oscarsson E, Canaviri-Paz P, Burri S, Rohrstock AM, Rahman M, Alsanius B, Molin G, Zeller KS, Håkansson Å. Comparative immunomodulatory effects in mice and in human dendritic cells of five bacterial strains selected for biocontrol of leafy green vegetables. Food Chem Toxicol 2022; 165:113064. [PMID: 35561874 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2022.113064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The market for ready-to eat vegetables is increasing, but unfortunately so do the numbers of food-borne illness outbreaks related to these products. A previous study has identified bacterial strains suitable for biocontrol of leafy green vegetables to reduce the exposure to pathogens in these products. As a tentative safety evaluation, five selected strains (Rhodococcus cerastii MR5x, Bacillus coagulans LMG P-32205, Bacillus coagulans LMG P-32206, Pseudomonas cedrina LMG P-32207 and Pseudomonas punonensis LMG P-32204) were individually compared for immunomodulating effects in mice and in human monocyte-derived dendritic cells (MoDCs). Mice receiving the two B. coagulans strains consistently resemble the immunological response of the normal control, and no, or low, cell activation and pro-inflammatory cytokine expression was observed in MoDCs exposed to B. coagulans strains. However, different responses were seen in the two models for the Gram-negative P. cedrina and the Gram-positive R. cerastii. Moreover, P. punonensis and B. coagulans increased the microbiota diversity in mice as seen by the Shannon-Wiener index. In conclusion, the two strains of B. coagulans showed an immunological response that indicate that they lack pathogenic abilities, thus encouraging further safety evaluation and showing great potential to be used as biocontrol agents on leafy green vegetables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Uhlig
- Department of Food Technology, Engineering and Nutrition, Lund University, PO Box 124, SE-221 00, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Giulia Elli
- Department of Immunotechnology, Lund University, Medicon Village Bldg 406, 223 81, Lund, Sweden
| | - Noora Nurminen
- Department of Food Technology, Engineering and Nutrition, Lund University, PO Box 124, SE-221 00, Lund, Sweden
| | - Elin Oscarsson
- Department of Food Technology, Engineering and Nutrition, Lund University, PO Box 124, SE-221 00, Lund, Sweden
| | - Pamela Canaviri-Paz
- Department of Food Technology, Engineering and Nutrition, Lund University, PO Box 124, SE-221 00, Lund, Sweden
| | - Stina Burri
- Department of Food Technology, Engineering and Nutrition, Lund University, PO Box 124, SE-221 00, Lund, Sweden
| | - Anne-Marie Rohrstock
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Surgery Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Inga Marie Nilssons Gata 47, 205 022, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Milladur Rahman
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Surgery Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Inga Marie Nilssons Gata 47, 205 022, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Beatrix Alsanius
- Department of Biosystems and Technology, Microbial Horticulture Laboratory, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 103, SE-230 53, Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Göran Molin
- Department of Food Technology, Engineering and Nutrition, Lund University, PO Box 124, SE-221 00, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Åsa Håkansson
- Department of Food Technology, Engineering and Nutrition, Lund University, PO Box 124, SE-221 00, Lund, Sweden
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16
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Song X, Zhao Z, Zhao Y, Jin Q, Li S. Protective Effects of Bacillus coagulans JA845 against D-Galactose/AlCl 3-Induced Cognitive Decline, Oxidative Stress and Neuroinflammation. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 32:212-219. [PMID: 34954699 PMCID: PMC9628844 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2111.11031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Recently, the efficacy of probiotics in treatment of neurodegenerative disorders has been reported in animal and clinical studies. Here, we assessed the effects of Bacillus coagulans JA845 in counteracting the symptoms of D-galactose (D-gal)/AlCl3-induced Alzheimer's disease (AD) in a mice model through behavioral test, histological assessment and biochemical analysis. Ten weeks of pre-treatment with B. coagulans JA845 prevented cognitive decline, attenuated hippocampal lesion and protected neuronal integrity, which demonstrated the neuroprotective features of B. coagulans JA845 in vivo. We also found that supplementation of B. coagulans JA845 alleviated amyloid-beta deposits and hyperphosphorylated tau in hippocampus of D-gal/AlCl3-induced AD model mice. Furthermore, B. coagulans JA845 administration attenuated oxidative stress and decreased serum concentration of inflammatory cytokines by regulating the Nrf2/HO-1 and MyD88/TRAF6/NF-κB pathway. Our results demonstrated for the first time that B. coagulans has the potential to help prevent cognitive decline and might be a novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinping Song
- College of Agriculture, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, P.R. China,Institute of Agro-food Technology, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130033, P.R. China
| | - Zijian Zhao
- Institute of Agro-food Technology, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130033, P.R. China
| | - Yujuan Zhao
- Institute of Agro-food Technology, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130033, P.R. China
| | - Qing Jin
- College of Agriculture, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, P.R. China,Corresponding authors Q. Jin Phone: +86-433-2435577 Fax: +86-433-2435600 E-mail:
| | - Shengyu Li
- Institute of Agro-food Technology, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130033, P.R. China,
S. Li Phone: +86-431-87063289 Fax: +86-431-87063075 E-mail:
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Urumbil SK, Anilkumar MN. Anti-inflammatory activity of endophytic bacterial isolates from Emilia sonchifolia (Linn.) DC. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 281:114517. [PMID: 34389445 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE In the traditional medicine system, plants have been utilized as a rich source of anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, anti-viral and anti-oxidant compounds. The biological properties of plant-based drugs depend on their interaction with endophytes which persist as an important provider of bioactive secondary metabolites. Bacterial endophytes secrete anti-inflammatory molecules whose activity can be the base for the anti-inflammatory property of the plant. AIM OF THE STUDY During the screening of endophytes from Emilia sonchifolia, we isolated six different bacteria whose potential as the sources of anti-inflamamtory compounds have been aimed at in this study. MATERIALS AND METHODS Anti-inflammatory activity of the ethyl acetate extract of endophytes was studied by both in vitro and in vivo analyses. In vitro study was done using protein denaturation, COX, LOX, iNOS, myeloperoxidase and nitric oxide assays and in vivo analysis was carried out by carrageenan-induced and formalin-induced paw oedema tests. The expression level of anti-inflammatory genes such as COX-2 and NfKb was confirmed by real time PCR. RESULTS We confirmed anti-inflammatory activity of the ethyl acetate extract of bacterial endophytes of E sonchifolia by both in vitro and in vivo experiments. Carrageenan- and formalin-induced inflammations in mice were effectively reduced by the administration of the bacterial extract. Among the isolates, strain ES1effectively reduced inflammation. Gene expression studies confirmed reduction in the expression of COX-2 and NfKb genes in the presence of ES1 extract. CONCLUSION The present investigation demonstrated the anti-inflammatory property of the isolated bacterial endophyte ES1 (Bacillus subtilis strain-MG 692780) and thus justifies the possible role of endophytes in contributing anti-inflammatory property to E sonchifolia which is ethno-botanically important as a source of anti-inflammatory drug.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Madhavan Nair Anilkumar
- Cell Culture Lab, Department of Botany, Union Christian College, Aluva, Ernakulam, Pin-683 102, Kerala, India.
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18
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Abstract
Intestinal microbiota interacts with other systems, especially the immune system, which is responsible for protecting the body by recognizing “stranger” (pathogen associated molecular patterns-PAMPs) and “danger” (damage-associated molecular patterns-DAMPs) molecular motifs. In this manner, it plays an important role in the pathogenesis of various diseases and health. Despite the use of probiotics that modulate the intestinal microbiota in providing health benefits and in the treatment of diseases, there are some possible concerns about the possibility of developing adverse effects, especially in people with suppressed immune systems. Since probiotics provide health benefits with bioactive compounds, studies are carried out on the use of products containing non-living probiotic microorganisms (paraprobiotics) and/or their metabolites (postbiotics) instead of probiotic products. It is even reported that these microbial compounds have more immunomodulatory activities than living microorganisms via some possible mechanism and eliminates some disadvantages of probiotics. Considering the increasing use of functional foods in health and disease, further studies are needed with respect to the benefits and advantages of parabiotic and/or postbiotic use in the food and pharmaceutical industry as well as immune system modulation. Although probiotics have been extensive studied for a long time, it seems that postbiotics are promising tools for future research and applications according to the recent literature. This review aimed to evaluate the interaction of probiotics and postbiotics with the immune systems and also their advantages and disadvantages in the area of food-pharmaceutical industry and immune system modulation.
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19
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Acuff HL, Aldrich CG. Evaluation of graded levels of Bacillus coagulans GBI-30, 6086 on apparent nutrient digestibility, stool quality, and intestinal health indicators in healthy adult dogs. J Anim Sci 2021; 99:6262623. [PMID: 33940614 PMCID: PMC8158428 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skab137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacillus coagulans GBI-30, 6086 is a commercially available spore-forming non-toxigenic microorganism approved for use in dog foods with high resiliency to stresses associated with commercial manufacturing. The objectives of this research were to examine the effect of B. coagulans on stool quality, nutrient digestibility, and intestinal health markers in healthy adult dogs. Extruded diets containing graded levels of B. coagulans applied either to the base ration before extrusion or to the exterior of the kibble as a topical coating after extrusion were randomly assigned to 10 individually housed adult beagle dogs (7 castrated males and 3 spayed females) of similar age (5.75 ± 0.23 yr) and body weight (12.3 ± 1.5 kg). The study was designed as a 5 × 5 replicated Latin square with 16-d adaptation followed by 5-d total fecal collection for each period. Five dietary treatments were formulated to deliver a dose of 0-, 6-, 7-, 8-, and 9-log10 colony-forming units (CFU) per dog per day for the control (CON), extruded B. coagulans (PEX), and low, moderate, and high B. coagulans coating levels (PCL, PCM, and PCH), respectively. Food-grade TiO2 was added to all diets at a level of 0.4% to serve as an indigestible dietary marker for digestibility calculations. Data were analyzed using a mixed model through SAS (version 9.4, SAS Institute, Inc., Cary, NC) with treatment as a fixed effect and room (i.e., replicate), period, and dog(room) as random effects. Apparent total tract digestibility of organic matter, crude protein, crude fat, and gross energy calculated by the marker method were numerically greatest for dogs fed the 9-log10 dose treatment with increases (P < 0.05) observed in gross energy and organic matter digestibility compared with the negative control. No significant differences were observed in food intake, stool quality, fecal pH, fecal ammonia, fecal short-chain fatty acids, or branched-chain fatty acids for the extruded B. coagulans treatment (PEX) or the coated B. coagulans treatments (PCL, PCM, and PCH) compared with CON. These results suggest that B. coagulans has a favorable impact on nutrient digestibility and no apparent adverse effects when added to extruded diets at a daily intake level of up to 9-log10 CFU in healthy adult dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather L Acuff
- Department of Grain Science and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Charles G Aldrich
- Department of Grain Science and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
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20
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Ma S, Cao J, Liliu R, Li N, Zhao J, Zhang H, Chen W, Zhai Q. Effects of Bacillus coagulans as an adjunct starter culture on yogurt quality and storage. J Dairy Sci 2021; 104:7466-7479. [PMID: 33896630 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-19876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Bacillus coagulans has been widely studied for its probiotic properties. Therefore, identifying a strain that can be used as an adjunct starter culture for yogurt production would have commercial value. In this study, 30 B. coagulans strains were isolated from vegetable samples from 11 provinces or autonomous regions in China, and their pan-genomic and phylogenetic characteristics were analyzed. Phylogenetic analysis categorized 30 strains into 4 different subphylotypes, including subtype I (11 isolates), subtype II (7 isolates), subtype III (11 isolates), and subtype IV (1 isolate). Four B. coagulans strains (B. coagulans-70, B. coagulans-78, B. coagulans-79, and B. coagulans-100) were randomly selected from each subphylotype of the phylogenetic tree as adjunct starter cultures. Compared with the other tested strains, B. coagulans-70 showed the highest count in yogurt at the end of the manufacturing period. Comparative genome analysis indicated that the different bacterial levels of B. coagulans strains in yogurt may be associated with the abundance of genes related to carbohydrate transport and metabolism (e.g., sucrose utilization). Finally, differences in texture and volatile flavor compound profiles were observed between the yogurt samples. Compared with the other groups, the addition of B. coagulans-70 exerted a positive effect on the appearance and texture of yogurt products. Volatile analysis showed increased quantities of 2-heptanone, 2-nonanone, amyl alcohol, and 2-hydroxy-3-pentanone in the B. coagulans-70 group compared with control yogurts. These results above combined with the results of a sensory evaluation indicated that B. coagulans-70 is the most suitable strain for further use in functional dairy product development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenyan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Dairy Biotechnology, Dairy Research Institute, Bright Dairy & Food Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200436, China; State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China
| | - Jiang Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China
| | - Ruolan Liliu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China
| | - Nan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Dairy Biotechnology, Dairy Research Institute, Bright Dairy & Food Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200436, China
| | - Jianxin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China; National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China; Wuxi Translational Medicine Research Center and Jiangsu Translational Medicine Research Institute Wuxi Branch, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China; National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China
| | - Qixiao Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China.
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21
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Blanchet F, Rault L, Peton V, Le Loir Y, Blondeau C, Lenoir L, Dubourdeaux M, Even S. Heat inactivation partially preserved barrier and immunomodulatory effects of Lactobacillus gasseri LA806 in an in vitro model of bovine mastitis. Benef Microbes 2021; 12:95-106. [PMID: 33393446 DOI: 10.3920/bm2020.0146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Probiotics could help combat infections and reduce antibiotic use. As use of live bacteria is limited in some cases by safety or regulatory concerns, the potential of inactivated bacteria is worth investigating. We evaluated the potential of live and heat-inactivated Lactobacillus gasseri LA806 to counteract Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli infection cycles in an in vitro model of bovine mastitis. We assessed the ability of live and inactivated LA806 to impair pathogen colonisation of bovine mammary epithelial cells (bMECs) and to modulate cytokine expression by pathogen-stimulated bMECs. Live LA806 induced a five-fold decrease in S. aureus adhesion and internalisation (while not affecting E. coli colonisation) and decreased pro-inflammatory cytokine expression by S. aureus-stimulated bMECs (without interfering with the immune response to E. coli). The ability of inactivated LA806 ability to diminish S. aureus colonisation was two-fold lower than that of the live strain, but its anti-inflammatory properties were barely impacted. Even though LA806 effects were impaired after inactivation, both live and inactivated LA806 have barrier and immunomodulatory properties that could be useful to counteract S. aureus colonisation in the bovine mammary gland. As S. aureus is involved in various types of infection, LA806 potential would worth exploring in other contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Blanchet
- INRAE, Institut Agro, STLO, Rennes, 35042, France.,Groupe PiLeJe, 37 Quai de Grenelle 75015 Paris, France
| | - L Rault
- INRAE, Institut Agro, STLO, Rennes, 35042, France
| | - V Peton
- INRAE, Institut Agro, STLO, Rennes, 35042, France.,Wamine, 20, rue du Docteur-Finlay, 75738 Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - Y Le Loir
- INRAE, Institut Agro, STLO, Rennes, 35042, France
| | - C Blondeau
- Groupe PiLeJe, 37 Quai de Grenelle 75015 Paris, France
| | - L Lenoir
- Groupe PiLeJe, 37 Quai de Grenelle 75015 Paris, France
| | - M Dubourdeaux
- Groupe PiLeJe, 37 Quai de Grenelle 75015 Paris, France
| | - S Even
- INRAE, Institut Agro, STLO, Rennes, 35042, France
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22
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Vallejo-Cordoba B, Castro-López C, García HS, González-Córdova AF, Hernández-Mendoza A. Postbiotics and paraprobiotics: A review of current evidence and emerging trends. ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2020; 94:1-34. [PMID: 32892831 DOI: 10.1016/bs.afnr.2020.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, new probiotic-related concepts such as postbiotics and paraprobiotics have been coined to indicate that non-viable microorganisms or bacterial-free extracts may provide benefits to the host by offering additional bioactivities to probiotics, including but not limited to anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, anti-proliferative and antioxidant activities. Despite in vitro and in vivo studies that support the promising use of postbiotics and paraprobiotics as health promoters, the mechanism of action and the signaling pathway involved have not yet been fully elucidated. Therefore, the aim of this chapter is to provide an overview of novel probiotic-related concepts and the scientific evidence that supports their bioactivities as well as the possible mechanisms underlying their health-promoting effects. Additionally, current trends in food, feed, and pharmaceutical applications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belinda Vallejo-Cordoba
- Laboratorio de Química y Biotecnología de Productos Lácteos, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo A.C. (CIAD, A.C.), Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico
| | - Cecilia Castro-López
- Laboratorio de Química y Biotecnología de Productos Lácteos, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo A.C. (CIAD, A.C.), Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico
| | - Hugo S García
- Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo de Alimentos, Tecnológico Nacional de México/Instituto Tecnológico de Veracruz, Veracruz, Veracruz, Mexico
| | - Aarón F González-Córdova
- Laboratorio de Química y Biotecnología de Productos Lácteos, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo A.C. (CIAD, A.C.), Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico
| | - Adrián Hernández-Mendoza
- Laboratorio de Química y Biotecnología de Productos Lácteos, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo A.C. (CIAD, A.C.), Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico.
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23
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Zhou Y, Zeng Z, Xu Y, Ying J, Wang B, Majeed M, Majeed S, Pande A, Li W. Application of Bacillus coagulans in Animal Husbandry and Its Underlying Mechanisms. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:E454. [PMID: 32182789 PMCID: PMC7143728 DOI: 10.3390/ani10030454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, probiotics have attracted widespread attention and their application in healthcare and animal husbandry has been promising. Among many probiotics, Bacillus coagulans (B. coagulans) has become a key player in the field of probiotics in recent years. It has been demonstrated to be involved in regulating the balance of the intestinal microbiota, promoting metabolism and utilization of nutrients, improving immunity, and more importantly, it also has good industrial properties such as high temperature resistance, acid resistance, bile resistance, and the like. This review highlights the effects of B. coagulans in animal husbandry and its underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanhao Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Feed Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (Y.Z.); (Z.Z.); (Y.X.); (J.Y.); (B.W.)
| | - Zihan Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Feed Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (Y.Z.); (Z.Z.); (Y.X.); (J.Y.); (B.W.)
| | - Yibin Xu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Feed Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (Y.Z.); (Z.Z.); (Y.X.); (J.Y.); (B.W.)
| | - Jiafu Ying
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Feed Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (Y.Z.); (Z.Z.); (Y.X.); (J.Y.); (B.W.)
| | - Baikui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Feed Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (Y.Z.); (Z.Z.); (Y.X.); (J.Y.); (B.W.)
| | - Muhammed Majeed
- Sami Labs Limited, Bangalore, Karnataka 560058, India;
- Sabinsa Corporation, East Windsor, NJ 08520, USA; (S.M.); (A.P.)
- Sabinsa Corporation, Payson, UT 84651, USA
| | - Shaheen Majeed
- Sabinsa Corporation, East Windsor, NJ 08520, USA; (S.M.); (A.P.)
- Sabinsa Corporation, Payson, UT 84651, USA
| | - Anurag Pande
- Sabinsa Corporation, East Windsor, NJ 08520, USA; (S.M.); (A.P.)
| | - Weifen Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Feed Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (Y.Z.); (Z.Z.); (Y.X.); (J.Y.); (B.W.)
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The Control of Intestinal Inflammation: A Major Objective in the Research of Probiotic Strains as Alternatives to Antibiotic Growth Promoters in Poultry. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8020148. [PMID: 31973199 PMCID: PMC7074883 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8020148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The reduction of antimicrobial resistance is a major challenge for the scientific community. In a few decades, infections by resistant bacteria are forecasted to be the main cause of death in the world. The withdrawal of antibiotics as growth promoters and their preventive use in animal production is essential to avoid these resistances, but this may impair productivity and health due to the increase in gut inflammation. This reduction in productivity aggravates the problem of increasing meat demand in developing countries and limits the availability of raw materials. Probiotics are promising products to address this challenge due to their beneficial effects on microbiota composition, mucosal barrier integrity, and immune system to control inflammation. Although many modes of action have been demonstrated, the scientific community is not able to describe the specific effects that a probiotic should induce on the host to maximize both productivity and animal health. First, it may be necessary to define what are the innate immune pathways acting in the gut that optimize productivity and health and to then investigate which probiotic strain is able to induce the specific effect needed. This review describes several gaps in the knowledge of host-microbiota-pathogen interaction and the related mechanisms involved in the inflammatory response not demonstrated yet in poultry.
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Cao J, Yu Z, Liu W, Zhao J, Zhang H, Zhai Q, Chen W. Probiotic characteristics of Bacillus coagulans and associated implications for human health and diseases. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.103643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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Hoffman JR, Hoffman MW, Zelicha H, Gepner Y, Willoughby DS, Feinstein U, Ostfeld I. The Effect of 2 Weeks of Inactivated Probiotic Bacillus coagulans on Endocrine, Inflammatory, and Performance Responses During Self-Defense Training in Soldiers. J Strength Cond Res 2019; 33:2330-2337. [PMID: 31306390 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000003265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Hoffman, JR, Hoffman, MW, Zelicha, H, Gepner, Y, Willoughby, DS, Feinstein, U, and Ostfeld, I. The Effect of 2-Weeks of Inactivated Probiotic Bacillus coagulans on Endocrine, Inflammatory and Performance Responses During Self-Defense Training in Soldiers. J Strength Cond Res 33(9): 2330-2337, 2019-The effect of 2 weeks of inactivated Bacillus coagulans (iBC) ingestion on performance and inflammatory cytokines was examined during a self-defense course in soldiers. Sixteen male soldiers were randomly assigned to either iBC (n = 8) or placebo (PL; n = 8) in this double-blind study. Participants were garrisoned on base and participated in the same training tasks. Assessments were conducted in a single day before (PRE) and after the supplementation period (POST). During each testing session, participants were assessed for vertical jump power (VJP), muscle endurance, simulated casualty drag, and 2 100-m shuttle runs. Resting blood measures for testosterone, cortisol, creatine kinase, and inflammatory cytokines were also assessed. Mann-Whitney analysis of change (Δ) scores indicated no significant change (p's > 0.05) in any of the performance or blood variables. However, a trend (p = 0.089) was noted in the Δ score for VJP in iBC compared with PL. In addition, trends were observed in the change in IL-10 (p = 0.057) and IFNγ (p = 0.057). Magnitude based inferential analysis indicated that changes in VJP and simulated casualty drag were likely beneficial (90.7 and 80.4% likelihood effect, respectively) for iBC. In addition, iBC supplementation very likely augmented IL-10 concentrations, but was possibly negative for changes in IL-6, and likely negative for changes in TNFα and IFNγ. Changes in all other performance and blood markers were unclear. Results indicated that 2 weeks of iBC supplementation appeared to be beneficial for maintaining power and short-term speed performance, while attenuating the inflammatory response during intense training in a military self-defense course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay R Hoffman
- Department of Molecular Biology, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
| | | | - Hila Zelicha
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University, Beersheba, Israel
| | - Yftach Gepner
- School of Public Health, Sackler Faculty of Medicine and Sylvan Adams Sports Institute, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Darryn S Willoughby
- Exercise and Biochemical Nutritional Lab, Department of Health, Human Performance, and Recreation, Baylor University, Waco, TX
| | - Uri Feinstein
- Israel Defense Force, Medical Corps, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Ishay Ostfeld
- Israel Defense Force, Medical Corps, Tel Hashomer, Israel
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27
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Kawarizadeh A, Tabatabaei M, Hosseinzadeh S, Farzaneh M, Pourmontaseri M. The effects of probiotic Bacillus coagulans on the cytotoxicity and expression of alpha toxin gene of Clostridium perfringens type A. Anaerobe 2019; 59:61-67. [PMID: 31125604 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2019.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 04/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Around the world, Clostridium perfringens type A is known to be a common foodborne pathogen. Therefore, the control and treatment of food poisoning caused by this pathogen are important. This study investigated, in vitro, the effects of Bacillus coagulans and its culture extracts on alpha toxin gene expression, growth inhibition, cytotoxicity, and apoptosis induced by C. perfringens spore, germinated spore and its enterotoxin. Flow cytometry was used to evaluate the apoptosis rate, and MTT test was used to evaluate cytotoxicity. Minimum inhibitory concentration was also used to measure the percentage of inhibition in the broth medium. Finally, RT-qPCR was used to evaluate alpha toxin gene expression. The results showed that the B. coagulans culture extract was able to inhibit the growth of the germinated spore of C. perfringens. Moreover, treating the extract with pepsin can reduce growth in the broth medium. MTT and flow cytometry showed that both B. coagulans and its extract can significantly reduce the cytotoxicity and apoptosis rate induced by C. perfringens type A. In addition, it was shown that the co-culture of B. coagulans and C. perfringens decreases alpha toxin gene expression. The findings of this study indicate that B. coagulans, with growth inhibition and reduced expression of alpha toxin in C. perfringens, can reduce the cytotoxicity and apoptosis rate induced on HT-29 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Kawarizadeh
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Tabatabaei
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Saeid Hosseinzadeh
- Department of Food Hygiene and Public Health, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mina Farzaneh
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Maryam Pourmontaseri
- Department of Food Hygiene and Public Health, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
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Jia Y, Si W, Hong Z, Qu M, Zhu N, Liu S, Li G. Toll-like receptor 2-mediated induction of avian β-defensin 9 by Lactobacillus rhamnosus and its cellular components in chicken intestinal epithelial cells. FOOD AGR IMMUNOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/09540105.2019.1593325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yongjie Jia
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Si
- Division of Bacterial Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhimin Hong
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mingren Qu
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Nianhua Zhu
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Siguo Liu
- Division of Bacterial Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guanhong Li
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, People’s Republic of China
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