1
|
Chen Y, Gue Y, Banach M, Mikhailidis D, Toth PP, Gierlotka M, Osadnik T, Golawski M, Tomasik T, Windak A, Jozwiak J, Lip GYH. Phenotypes of Polish primary care patients using hierarchical clustering: Exploring the risk of mortality in the LIPIDOGEN2015 study cohort. Eur J Clin Invest 2024:e14261. [PMID: 38850064 DOI: 10.1111/eci.14261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Comorbidities in primary care do not occur in isolation but tend to cluster together causing various clinically complex phenotypes. This study aimed to distinguish phenotype clusters and identify the risks of all-cause mortality in primary care. METHODS The baseline cohort of the LIPIDOGEN2015 sub-study involved 1779 patients recruited by 438 primary care physicians. To identify different phenotype clusters, we used hierarchical clustering and investigated differences between clinical characteristics and mortality between clusters. We then performed causal analyses using causal mediation analysis to explore potential mediators between different clusters and all-cause mortality. RESULTS A total of 1756 patients were included (mean age 51.2, SD 13.0; 60.3% female), with a median follow-up of 5.7 years. Three clusters were identified: Cluster 1 (n = 543) was characterised by overweight/obesity (body mass index ≥ 25 kg/m2), older (age ≥ 65 years), more comorbidities; Cluster 2 (n = 459) was characterised by non-overweight/obesity, younger, fewer comorbidities; Cluster 3 (n = 754) was characterised by overweight/obesity, younger, fewer comorbidities. Adjusted Cox regression showed that compared with Cluster 2, Cluster 1 had a significantly higher risk of all-cause mortality (HR 3.87, 95% CI: 1.24-15.91), whereas this was insignificantly different for Cluster 3. Causal mediation analyses showed that decreased protein thiol groups mediated the hazard effect of all-cause mortality in Cluster 1 compared with Cluster 2, but not between Clusters 1 and 3. CONCLUSION Overweight/obesity older patients with more comorbidities had the highest risk of long-term all-cause mortality, and in the young group population overweight/obesity insignificantly increased the risk in the long-term follow-up, providing a basis for stratified phenotypic risk management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Chen
- Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science at University of Liverpool, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital, Liverpool, UK
| | - Ying Gue
- Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science at University of Liverpool, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital, Liverpool, UK
| | - Maciej Banach
- Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Preventive Cardiology and Lipidology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
- Department of Cardiology and Adult Congenital Heart Diseases, Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital Research Institute (PMMHRI), Lodz, Poland
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Zielona Gora, Zielona Gora, Poland
| | - Dimitri Mikhailidis
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Royal Free Hospital Campus, University College London Medical School, University College London (UCL), London, UK
| | - Peter P Toth
- Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Preventive Cardiology, CGH Medical Center, Sterling, Illinois, USA
| | - Marek Gierlotka
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Opole, Opole, Poland
| | - Tadeusz Osadnik
- Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Department of Pharmacology, Medical University of Silesia, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Marcin Golawski
- Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Department of Pharmacology, Medical University of Silesia, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Tomasz Tomasik
- Department of Family Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Adam Windak
- Department of Family Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Jacek Jozwiak
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Opole, Opole, Poland
| | - Gregory Y H Lip
- Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science at University of Liverpool, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital, Liverpool, UK
- Danish Centre for Health Services Research, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Szulimowska J, Zalewska A, Taranta-Janusz K, Trocka D, Żendzian-Piotrowska M, Tomasiuk R, Maciejczyk M. Association of Ischemia-Modified Albumin (IMA) in Saliva, Serum, and Urine with Diagnosis of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) in Children: A Case-Control Study. Med Sci Monit 2023; 29:e942230. [PMID: 38093614 PMCID: PMC10729497 DOI: 10.12659/msm.942230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ischemia-modified albumin (IMA) is a secreted biomarker for ischemic oxidative stress. This case-control study aimed to evaluate the association of ischemia-modified albumin (IMA) in saliva, serum, and urine with diagnosis of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in 24 children. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study involved 24 children with CKD. CKD was defined according to the Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) diagnostic criteria. The control group consisted of 24 healthy children who were matched for age and gender to the experimental group. The concentration of IMA was determined by the colorimetric method in non-stimulated whole saliva (NWS), stimulated whole saliva (SWS), serum, and urine of children with CKD. The Mann-Whitney U test was used for inter-group comparisons. RESULTS IMA levels were significantly higher in NWS (P=0.0082) and SWS (P=0.0014) of children with CKD than in the control group. The concentration of IMA in NWS was correlated with standard indicators of kidney function, including the estimated glomerular filtration rate (r=-0.798, P≤0.0001), stage of CKD (r=0.814, P≤0.0001), and serum creatinine (r=0.711, P≤0.0001) and urea levels (r=0.738, P≤0.0001). CONCLUSIONS Salivary IMA concentration depends on renal function in children. Salivary IMA discriminates children with end-stage kidney disease from children with mild and moderate CKD and healthy children with high sensitivity and specificity. Further research is required, including assessment of the diagnostic usefulness and validation of the biomarker in a clinical diagnostic study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julita Szulimowska
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Anna Zalewska
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | | | - Daria Trocka
- Students’ Scientific Club “Biochemistry of Civilization Diseases” at the Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Ergonomics, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | | | - Ryszard Tomasiuk
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences and Health Sciences, Kazimierz Pułaski University in Radom, Radom, Poland
| | - Mateusz Maciejczyk
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Ergonomics, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Żelaźniewicz A, Nowak-Kornicka J, Pawłowski B. Birth size and the serum level of biological age markers in men. Sci Rep 2023; 13:14231. [PMID: 37648769 PMCID: PMC10469219 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-41065-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies showed that intrauterine growth restrictions, resulting in smaller body size at birth, are associated with altered development and the risk of age-related diseases in adult life. Thus, prenatal development may predict aging trajectories in humans. The study aimed to verify if body size at birth is related to biological age in adult men. The study sample consisted of 159 healthy, non-smoking men with a mean age of 35.24 (SD 3.44) years. Birth weight and length were taken from medical records. The ponderal index at birth was calculated. Biological age was evaluated based on serum levels of s-Klotho, hsCRP, DHEA/S, and oxidative stress markers. Pregnancy age at birth, lifestyle, weight, cortisol, and testosterone levels were controlled. The results showed no relationship between birth size and s-Klotho, DHEA/S level, inflammation, or oxidative stress. Also, men born as small-for-gestational-age (N = 49) and men born as appropriate-for-gestational-age (N = 110) did not differ in terms of biological age markers levels. The results were similar when controlled for pregnancy week at birth, chronological age, BMI, testosterone, or cortisol level. The results suggest that there is no relationship between intrauterine growth and biomarkers of aging in men aged 30-45 years from the affluent population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Żelaźniewicz
- Department of Human Biology, University of Wrocław, Ul. Przybyszewskiego 63, 51-148, Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Judyta Nowak-Kornicka
- Department of Human Biology, University of Wrocław, Ul. Przybyszewskiego 63, 51-148, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Bogusław Pawłowski
- Department of Human Biology, University of Wrocław, Ul. Przybyszewskiego 63, 51-148, Wrocław, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Messana I, Manconi B, Cabras T, Boroumand M, Sanna MT, Iavarone F, Olianas A, Desiderio C, Rossetti DV, Vincenzoni F, Contini C, Guadalupi G, Fiorita A, Faa G, Castagnola M. The Post-Translational Modifications of Human Salivary Peptides and Proteins Evidenced by Top-Down Platforms. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12776. [PMID: 37628956 PMCID: PMC10454625 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
In this review, we extensively describe the main post-translational modifications that give rise to the multiple proteoforms characterized to date in the human salivary proteome and their potential role. Most of the data reported were obtained by our group in over twenty-five years of research carried out on human saliva mainly by applying a top-down strategy. In the beginning, we describe the products generated by proteolytic cleavages, which can occur before and after secretion. In this section, the most relevant families of salivary proteins are also described. Next, we report the current information concerning the human salivary phospho-proteome and the limited news available on sulfo-proteomes. Three sections are dedicated to the description of glycation and enzymatic glycosylation. Citrullination and N- and C-terminal post-translational modifications (PTMs) and miscellaneous other modifications are described in the last two sections. Results highlighting the variation in the level of some proteoforms in local or systemic pathologies are also reviewed throughout the sections of the manuscript to underline the impact and relevance of this information for the development of new diagnostic biomarkers useful in clinical practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irene Messana
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche “Giulio Natta”, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 00168 Rome, Italy; (I.M.); (C.D.); (D.V.R.)
| | - Barbara Manconi
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy; (B.M.); (M.T.S.); (A.O.); (C.C.); (G.G.)
| | - Tiziana Cabras
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy; (B.M.); (M.T.S.); (A.O.); (C.C.); (G.G.)
| | | | - Maria Teresa Sanna
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy; (B.M.); (M.T.S.); (A.O.); (C.C.); (G.G.)
| | - Federica Iavarone
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biotecnologiche di Base, Cliniche Intensivologiche e Perioperatorie, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; (F.I.); (F.V.)
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli Fondazione IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Alessandra Olianas
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy; (B.M.); (M.T.S.); (A.O.); (C.C.); (G.G.)
| | - Claudia Desiderio
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche “Giulio Natta”, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 00168 Rome, Italy; (I.M.); (C.D.); (D.V.R.)
| | - Diana Valeria Rossetti
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche “Giulio Natta”, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 00168 Rome, Italy; (I.M.); (C.D.); (D.V.R.)
| | - Federica Vincenzoni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biotecnologiche di Base, Cliniche Intensivologiche e Perioperatorie, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; (F.I.); (F.V.)
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli Fondazione IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Cristina Contini
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy; (B.M.); (M.T.S.); (A.O.); (C.C.); (G.G.)
| | - Giulia Guadalupi
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy; (B.M.); (M.T.S.); (A.O.); (C.C.); (G.G.)
| | - Antonella Fiorita
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli Fondazione IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy;
- Dipartimento di Scienze dell’Invecchiamento, Neurologiche, Ortopediche e della Testa e del Collo, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Gavino Faa
- Unit of Pathology, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy;
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
| | - Massimo Castagnola
- Proteomics Laboratory, European Center for Brain Research, (IRCCS) Santa Lucia Foundation, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Dongiovanni P, Meroni M, Casati S, Goldoni R, Thomaz DV, Kehr NS, Galimberti D, Del Fabbro M, Tartaglia GM. Salivary biomarkers: novel noninvasive tools to diagnose chronic inflammation. Int J Oral Sci 2023; 15:27. [PMID: 37386003 DOI: 10.1038/s41368-023-00231-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Several chronic disorders including type 2 diabetes (T2D), obesity, heart disease and cancer are preceded by a state of chronic low-grade inflammation. Biomarkers for the early assessment of chronic disorders encompass acute phase proteins (APP), cytokines and chemokines, pro-inflammatory enzymes, lipids and oxidative stress mediators. These substances enter saliva through the blood flow and, in some cases, there is a close relation between their salivary and serum concentration. Saliva can be easily collected and stored with non-invasive and cost-saving procedures, and it is emerging the concept to use it for the detection of inflammatory biomarkers. To this purpose, the present review aims to discuss the advantages and challenges of using standard and cutting-edge techniques to discover salivary biomarkers which may be used in diagnosis/therapy of several chronic diseases with inflammatory consequences with the pursuit to possibly replace conventional paths with detectable soluble mediators in saliva. Specifically, the review describes the procedures used for saliva collection, the standard approaches for the measurement of salivary biomarkers and the novel methodological strategies such as biosensors to improve the quality of care for chronically affected patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paola Dongiovanni
- Medicine and Metabolic Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Marica Meroni
- Medicine and Metabolic Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Casati
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
| | - Riccardo Goldoni
- Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering (DEIB), Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Istituto di Elettronica e di Ingegneria dell'Informazione e delle Telecomunicazioni, CNR, Pisa, Italy
| | - Douglas Vieira Thomaz
- Laboratory of Medicinal Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Nermin Seda Kehr
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Department of Chemistry, İzmir Institute of Technology, Gülbahçe Kampüsü, Urla İzmir, Turkey
| | - Daniela Galimberti
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Neurology-Neurodegenerative Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Del Fabbro
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- UOC Maxillo-Facial Surgery and Dentistry Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Gianluca M Tartaglia
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- UOC Maxillo-Facial Surgery and Dentistry Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhong Q, Xiao X, Qiu Y, Xu Z, Chen C, Chong B, Zhao X, Hai S, Li S, An Z, Dai L. Protein posttranslational modifications in health and diseases: Functions, regulatory mechanisms, and therapeutic implications. MedComm (Beijing) 2023; 4:e261. [PMID: 37143582 PMCID: PMC10152985 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein posttranslational modifications (PTMs) refer to the breaking or generation of covalent bonds on the backbones or amino acid side chains of proteins and expand the diversity of proteins, which provides the basis for the emergence of organismal complexity. To date, more than 650 types of protein modifications, such as the most well-known phosphorylation, ubiquitination, glycosylation, methylation, SUMOylation, short-chain and long-chain acylation modifications, redox modifications, and irreversible modifications, have been described, and the inventory is still increasing. By changing the protein conformation, localization, activity, stability, charges, and interactions with other biomolecules, PTMs ultimately alter the phenotypes and biological processes of cells. The homeostasis of protein modifications is important to human health. Abnormal PTMs may cause changes in protein properties and loss of protein functions, which are closely related to the occurrence and development of various diseases. In this review, we systematically introduce the characteristics, regulatory mechanisms, and functions of various PTMs in health and diseases. In addition, the therapeutic prospects in various diseases by targeting PTMs and associated regulatory enzymes are also summarized. This work will deepen the understanding of protein modifications in health and diseases and promote the discovery of diagnostic and prognostic markers and drug targets for diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhong
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismGeneral Practice Ward/International Medical Center WardGeneral Practice Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for GeriatricsState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Xina Xiao
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismGeneral Practice Ward/International Medical Center WardGeneral Practice Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for GeriatricsState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Yijie Qiu
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismGeneral Practice Ward/International Medical Center WardGeneral Practice Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for GeriatricsState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Zhiqiang Xu
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismGeneral Practice Ward/International Medical Center WardGeneral Practice Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for GeriatricsState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Chunyu Chen
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismGeneral Practice Ward/International Medical Center WardGeneral Practice Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for GeriatricsState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Baochen Chong
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismGeneral Practice Ward/International Medical Center WardGeneral Practice Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for GeriatricsState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Xinjun Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismGeneral Practice Ward/International Medical Center WardGeneral Practice Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for GeriatricsState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Shan Hai
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismGeneral Practice Ward/International Medical Center WardGeneral Practice Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for GeriatricsState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Shuangqing Li
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismGeneral Practice Ward/International Medical Center WardGeneral Practice Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for GeriatricsState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Zhenmei An
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismGeneral Practice Ward/International Medical Center WardGeneral Practice Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for GeriatricsState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Lunzhi Dai
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismGeneral Practice Ward/International Medical Center WardGeneral Practice Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for GeriatricsState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Szulimowska J, Zalewska A, Taranta-Janusz K, Marczuk-Kolada G, Żendzian-Piotrowska M, Maciejczyk M. Association Between Salivary Cytokines, Chemokines and Growth Factors and Salivary Gland Function in Children with Chronic Kidney Disease. J Inflamm Res 2023; 16:1103-1120. [PMID: 36941986 PMCID: PMC10024471 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s399786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a systemic inflammatory disease that leads to multiple organ complications not only in the kidneys and the cardiovascular system, but also in the oral cavity. CKD children experience reduced saliva secretion (hyposalivation), which leads to increased incidence of dental caries and significant impairment of patients' quality of life. However, the causes of salivary gland dysfunction in children with CKD are unknown. The present study is the first to evaluate the inflammatory and anti-inflammatory profile in the saliva of children with CKD at different stages of renal failure with normal and reduced salivary gland function. Methods Thirty children with CKD (age 9-16) and thirty age- and gender-matched healthy children were classified for the study. Salivary inflammatory and anti-inflammatory profile were assayed using the multiplex ELISA assay. Results We demonstrated statistically significant changes in salivary pro-inflammatory (↑TNF-α, ↓IL-7), anti-inflammatory (↑IL-10), Th1 (↑INF-γ, ↑IL-15), Th2 (↑IL-4, ↑IL-5, ↑IL-6, ↑IL-9) and Th17 (IL-17) cytokines as well as chemokines (↑MCP-1/CCL-2, ↑MIP-1α/CCL3, ↓MIP-1β/CCL4, ↓EOTAXIN/CCL11) and growth factors (↑G-CSF, ↑FGF) in unstimulated saliva of children with CKD compared to the controls. Although the evaluation of the salivary inflammatory profile does not indicate a particular dominance of any of the branches of the immune system, we observed a statistically significant increase in the concentration of all Th2 cytokines assayed. The multivariate regression analysis showed that the content of salivary cytokines, chemokines and growth factors depends on the secretory function of the salivary glands, ie, salivary flow, total protein concentration and amylase activity in the saliva. Salivary MIP-1α/CCL3 was the most effective to differentiate children with CKD and hyposalivation from patients with normal saliva secretion. Discussion Inflammation is involved in salivary gland dysfunction in children with CKD, although further studies on in vitro and in vivo models are necessary to confirm this hypothesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julita Szulimowska
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Anna Zalewska
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | | | | | | | - Mateusz Maciejczyk
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Ergonomics, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Sangalli L, Eldomiaty W, Miller CS. Xerogenic medications may contribute to decreased unstimulated salivary flow in patients with oral burning and/or gastro-esophageal reflux disease. FRONTIERS IN DENTAL MEDICINE 2023. [DOI: 10.3389/fdmed.2023.1047235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BackgroundPatients who complain of mucosal burning sensations (i.e., glossodynia and gastro-esophageal reflux disease, GERD) often take multiple medications. However, the relationship between xerogenic medication intake and salivary flow in these patients has not been thoroughly examined.MethodsA retrospective study of 192 consecutive patients diagnosed with glossodynia (ICD-10-CM) at a regional center over a six-year period was performed. Data from electronic health records were extracted and relationships between medication intake, unstimulated whole salivary flow rate (UWSFR), xerostomia and GERD were determined by chi-square, t-test, and correlation analysis.ResultsOf 134 records that met inclusion criteria, 87.1% of patients reported daily intake of one or more xerogenic medications. Two or more xerogenic medications were taken significantly more often by patients with glossodynia reporting GERD than those with glossodynia without GERD (p = .02). UWSFR was negatively correlated with number of medications [r(103) = −.277, p = .005] and xerogenic medications [r(103) = −.195, p = .049]. The lowest UWSFR was observed with use of trazodone and cyclobenzaprine.ConclusionsDaily xerogenic medication intake, hyposalivation, and xerostomia were commonly present and potentially interrelated in patients who suffer from glossodynia and/or GERD.Practical implicationsClinicians should be aware of the consequences of prescribing multiple and certain xerogenic medications in reducing UWSFR, especially in patients physiologically at risk of hyposalivation such as those suffering from GERD and/or glossodynia.
Collapse
|
9
|
Salivary Redox Homeostasis in Human Health and Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231710076. [PMID: 36077473 PMCID: PMC9455999 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231710076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Homeostasis is a self-regulatory dynamic process that maintains a stable internal environment in the human body. These regulations are essential for the optimal functioning of enzymes necessary for human health. Homeostasis elucidates disrupted mechanisms leading to the development of various pathological conditions caused by oxidative stress. In our work, we discuss redox homeostasis and salivary antioxidant activity during healthy periods and in periods of disease: dental carries, oral cavity cancer, periodontal diseases, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus, systemic sclerosis, and pancreatitis. The composition of saliva reflects dynamic changes in the organism, which makes it an excellent tool for determining clinically valuable biomarkers. The oral cavity and saliva may form the first line of defense against oxidative stress. Analysis of salivary antioxidants may be helpful as a diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic marker of not only oral, but also systemic health.
Collapse
|
10
|
The Role of Oxidative Stress in Atopic Dermatitis and Chronic Urticaria. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11081590. [PMID: 36009309 PMCID: PMC9405063 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11081590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) and chronic urticaria (CU) are common skin diseases with an increasing prevalence and pathogenesis that are not fully understood. Emerging evidence suggests that oxidative stress plays a role in AD and CU. The aim of the single-center cross-sectional study was to compare markers of oxidative stress in 21 patients with AD, and 19 CU patients. The products of protein oxidation, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and markers of lipid peroxidation were estimated in the serum. AD patients had a higher level of advanced protein oxidation products and a lower level of thiol groups than healthy participants. However, CU patients had statistically higher levels of AOPP and 3-nitrotyrosine than healthy subjects. The level of thiol groups and serum TAC decreased significantly in patients with CU. There was no difference in serum concentration of lipid peroxidation products, Amadori products, ratio of reduced to oxidized glutathione, and ability of albumin to binding cobalt between AD or CU patients compared to healthy subjects. We found a moderate positive significant correlation between AOPP and age in patients with AD. In patients with CU, TAC was negatively correlated with age. These results may shed light on the etiopathogenesis of AD or CU, and confirm an oxidative burden in these patients. Furthermore, our study could be useful in developing new therapeutic methods that include using antioxidants in dermatological diseases.
Collapse
|
11
|
Significance of Serum Oxidative and Antioxidative Status in Congenital Central Hypoventilation Syndrome (CCHS) Patients. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11081497. [PMID: 36009216 PMCID: PMC9404786 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11081497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Congenital central hypoventilation syndrome (CCHS) is a rare neurological genetic disorder that affects sleep-related respiratory control. Currently, no drug therapy is available. In light of this, there is a need for lifelong ventilation support, at least during sleep, for these patients. The pathogenesis of several chronic diseases is influenced by oxidative stress. Thus, determining oxidative stress in CCHS may indicate further disorders in the course of this rare genetic disease. Liquid biopsies are widely used to assess circulating biomarkers of oxidative stress. In this study, ferric reducing ability of plasma, thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances, advanced oxidation protein products (AOPPs), and advanced glycation end-products were measured in the serum of CCHS patients to investigate the relationship between oxidative stress and CCHS and the significance of this balance in CCHS. Here, AOPPs were found to be the most relevant serum biomarker to monitor oxidative stress in CCHS patients. According to this communication, CCHS patients may suffer from other chronic pathophysiological processes because of the persistent levels of AOPPs.
Collapse
|
12
|
Changes in a Comprehensive Profile of Saliva Analytes in Fattening Pigs during a Complete Productive Cycle: A Longitudinal Study. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12141865. [PMID: 35883410 PMCID: PMC9312009 DOI: 10.3390/ani12141865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The aim of this study was to evaluate whether a panel of 29 salivary biomarkers of stress, immunity, inflammation, redox homeostasis and other physiological functions can change in healthy fattening pigs when monitoring the different phases of their productive cycle and can be influenced by various sources of variations such as gender and performance parameters. Several analytes showed changes due to the productive cycle, with a majority of the analytes showing higher values at lactation and at the beginning of nursery. Additionally, differences were seen due to sex. These differences can be related in some cases with performance parameters and should be taken into consideration for an appropriate interpretation of the analytes. Abstract A comprehensive panel of 29 salivary analytes was measured in fattening pigs to evaluate its possible changes along their productive cycle. The identification of those changes would allow a better interpretation of the results according to the productive phase of the animal. Saliva samples were obtained from 49 Large-White pigs (24 females, 25 males) in suckling phase, at the beginning and the end of the nursery phase, and at the beginning and the end of the growing phase. Several analytes changed according to the phase of the productive cycle, with most of the analytes showing higher values at lactation and at the beginning of nursery. Additionally, differences were seen due to sex. When possible relations between performance parameters and analytes were evaluated, significant positive but weak relationships were found between weight at birth and salivary γ-glutamyl transferase, and between back-fat thickness and salivary lactate dehydrogenase. In conclusion, differences in the values of salivary analytes can be found in fattening pigs depending on the productive phase and sex of the animals.
Collapse
|
13
|
Kiraz ZK, Kar E, Kar F, Kocatürk E, Kebapçı MN, Alataş IÖ, Uslu S. Oxidative Status and Thiol/Disulfide Homeostasis Are Changed During 75 g Oral Glucose Tolerance Test over a Five-Hour Period. J INVEST SURG 2022; 35:1626-1634. [PMID: 35649703 DOI: 10.1080/08941939.2022.2084189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral glucose loading may affect oxidative status during oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). We aimed to investigate how oxidant and antioxidant markers and thiol/disulfide parameters change during OGTT. METHODS OGTT was performed to 42 volunteers who were considered risk of type 2 diabetes and were divided into three groups (normoglycemic, prediabetes, diabetes) according glucose levels during OGTT. Glucose, insulin, c-peptide, total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS), total thiol and native thiol were investigated with auto-anaylzer for five-hours period. RESULTS Decrease of TAS and increase of TOS levels began with the increase in glucose and insulin levels. The increase of TAS started at third hour and reached the highest levels at fifth hour. OSI levels were higher at fourth hour than fasting and first hours in normoglycemic and diabetes groups. In the prediabetic group, TAS were higher than the other groups, TOS peak was at the second hour (p < 0.05). Native thiol and total thiol levels showed variable course during OGTT, both parameters increased at the end of the process (p < 0.05). Disulfide levels showed an increase trend but it was not statistically different in normoglycemic and diabetes groups. In prediabetes group, second hour disulfide level was lower than fasting state and disulfide was significantly increased at third, fourth and fifth hours and fifth hour disulfide level was also higher than fasting. CONCLUSION Oxidative stress parameters and thiol/disulfide balance were found to deteriorate within five-hours after glucose loading in all groups. These results indicates that oxidative stress occurs during OGTT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zeynep Küskü Kiraz
- Faculty of Medicine Department of Medical Biochemistry, Eskişehir Osmangazi University, Eskişehir, Türkiye
| | - Ezgi Kar
- Training and Research Center, Kütahya Health Science University, Kütahya, Türkiye
| | - Fatih Kar
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Department of Basic Sciences, Kütahya Health Science University, Kütahya, Türkiye
| | - Evin Kocatürk
- Faculty of Medicine Department of Medical Biochemistry, Eskişehir Osmangazi University, Eskişehir, Türkiye
| | - Medine Nur Kebapçı
- Faculty of Medicine Department of Endocrinology Eskişehir Osmangazi University, Eskişehir, Türkiye
| | - I Özkan Alataş
- Faculty of Medicine Department of Medical Biochemistry, Eskişehir Osmangazi University, Eskişehir, Türkiye
| | - Sema Uslu
- Faculty of Medicine Department of Medical Biochemistry, Eskişehir Osmangazi University, Eskişehir, Türkiye
| |
Collapse
|