1
|
Ahmad I, Patel HM. Repurposing Non-Nucleosidic Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NNRTIs) to Overcome EGFR T790M-Mediated Acquired Resistance in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. J Cell Biochem 2024:e30653. [PMID: 39300843 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.30653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2024] [Revised: 08/29/2024] [Accepted: 09/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/22/2024]
Abstract
This study investigates the repurposing potential of non-nucleosidic reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs), specifically Rilpivirine and Etravirine, as L858R/T790M tyrosine kinase inhibitors for addressing acquired resistance in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Using in silico molecular docking, Rilpivirine demonstrated a docking score of -7.534 kcal/mol, comparable to established epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR TKIs) like Osimertinib and WZ4002. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations over 200 ns revealed the stability of the Rilpivirine-EGFR complex, with RMSD values ranging from 2.5 to 3.5 Å. The in vitro antiproliferative assays showed that Rilpivirine had an IC50 value of 2.3 µM against H1975 cells, while WZ4002 had an IC50 of 0.291 µM, indicating moderate efficacy. Enzymatic assays revealed that Rilpivirine inhibited the double mutant epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase (EGFR TK) with an IC50 value of 54.22 nM and spared the wild-type EGFR TK with an IC50 of 22.52 nM. These findings suggest Rilpivirine's potential as a therapeutic agent for NSCLC with EGFR L858R/T790M mutations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iqrar Ahmad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Harun M Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur, Maharashtra, India
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Dickerson H, Diab A, Al Musaimi O. Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors in Cancer: Current Use and Future Prospects. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:10008. [PMID: 39337496 PMCID: PMC11432255 DOI: 10.3390/ijms251810008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2024] [Revised: 09/12/2024] [Accepted: 09/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have emerged as a leading targeted cancer therapy, reducing the side effects often seen with non-targeted treatments, especially the damage to healthy cells. To tackle resistance, typically caused by epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations, four generations of TKIs have been developed. Each generation has shown improved effectiveness and fewer side effects, resulting in better patient outcomes. For example, patients on gefitinib, a first-generation TKI, experienced a progression-free survival (PFS) of 10 months compared to 5 months with conventional chemotherapy. Second-generation TKI afatinib outperformed erlotinib and extended PFS to 11.1 months compared to 6.9 months with cisplatin. Third-generation TKIs further increased survival to 38.6 months, compared to 31.8 months with first-generation TKIs. This progress demonstrates the ability of newer TKIs to overcome resistance, particularly the T790M mutation, while reducing adverse effects. Ongoing research focuses on overcoming resistance from newer mutations like C797S to further improve patient survival. These developments highlight the significant progress in TKI therapy and the continued effort to refine cancer treatment. Recent research in South Korea shows that third-generation TKIs are ineffective against non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with the C797S mutation. Several trials have started showing promising in vitro and in vivo results, but more trials are needed before clinical approval. This review underscores notable advancements in the field of EGFR TKIs, offering a comprehensive analysis of their mechanisms of action and the progression of various TKI generations in response to resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Henry Dickerson
- School of Pharmacy, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Ahmad Diab
- School of Pharmacy, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Othman Al Musaimi
- School of Pharmacy, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Jing L, Zhai ME, Qian MR, Li YM, Han MW, Wang K, Huang W, Nan G, Jiang JL. Targeting the up-regulated CNOT3 reverses therapeutic resistance and metastatic progression of EGFR-mutant non-small cell lung cancer. Cell Death Discov 2023; 9:406. [PMID: 37919290 PMCID: PMC10622567 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-023-01701-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. CNOT3, a subunit of the CCR4-NOT complex, has recently been suggested to be overexpressed in lung cancer and involved in tumor malignancy. However, its precise role and the underlying mechanisms still need to be fully revealed. In the present study, we found in lung cancer cells the expression of CNOT3 could be regulated by EGFR signaling pathway and c-Jun, a transcription factor downstream of EGFR, transcriptionally regulated its expression. Interestingly, CNOT3 could inversely regulate the expression of c-Jun via modulating its translation. Thus, a feedback loop existed between c-Jun and CNOT3. CNOT3 reduction post EGFR blockade facilitated the drug-induced cell death, and simultaneously inhibited cell proliferation via impacting TSC1/mTOR axis. Whereas, further up-regulation of the CNOT3 expression was observed in gefitinib-resistant cells, which dampened gefitinib sensitivity. Mechanically, the elevation of CNOT3 was induced by the bypass activation of HER2/c-Jun signaling. Depleting CNOT3 in vitro and in vivo sensitized the drug-resistant cells to gefitinib treatment and inhibited metastatic progression. These results give novel insights into the role of CNOT3 in lung cancer malignancy and provide a theoretical basis for the development of therapeutic strategies to solve acquired resistance to EGFR-TKIs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Jing
- Department of Cell Biology, National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Meng-En Zhai
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Mei-Rui Qian
- Department of Cell Biology, National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yi-Ming Li
- Department of Cell Biology, National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ming-Wei Han
- Department of Cell Biology, National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Kun Wang
- Department of Cell Biology, National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wan Huang
- Department of Cell Biology, National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Gang Nan
- Department of Cell Biology, National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jian-Li Jiang
- Department of Cell Biology, National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ibrahim MA, Mohamed SR, Dkhil MA, Thagfan FA, Abdel-Gaber R, Soliman D. The effect of Moringa oleifera leaf extracts against urethane-induced lung cancer in rat model. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:37280-37294. [PMID: 36567388 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-24813-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Lung cancer is one of the most common malignancies in the world, and chemotherapy can have unfavorable side effects. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the therapeutic anticancer role of Moringa oleifera leaf extracts (MLE) in urethane-induced lung cancer in adult male albino rats as compared to standard chemotherapy. Rats were categorized into four groups (10 rats/group), including negative control rats, urethane lung cancer model rats, MLE-treated lung cancer rats, and cisplatin-treated rats. Estimation of lung index, some biochemical markers of oxidative stress, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), and histopathology and transmission electron microscopy were performed. The lung index was significantly increased about one-fold in urethane lung cancer model rats, but it decreased after MLE treatment. Also, MLE was able to improve the induced changes in glutathione, superoxide dismutase, and malondialdehyde concentration to be 3.8 ± 0.4 mg/g, 900.6 ± 58 U/g, and 172 ± 24 nmol/g, respectively. Additionally, after MLE treatment, the expression of EGFR-mRNA increased by about 50%. Our light and electron microscopic examination revealed that urethane group showed abnormally distributed excessive collagen fibers and the development of papillary adenocarcinoma from hyperplastic Clara cells in the lumen of terminal bronchiole with bronchiolar wall thickening, alveolar collapse, and inflammation. MLE group has moderate amount of collagen fiber and absence of tumor mass and provided more or less restoration of normal lung histology. Moreover, MLE was able to ameliorate the induced changes in mucin and PCNA positive cells in the lung by 10.8 ± 2.3%. Collectively, the current study showed that MLE could be used as anticancer agents alleviating changes associated with lung cancer in a urethane-induced lung cancer bearing rats thereby representing alternative options to toxic chemotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mona A Ibrahim
- Zoology and Entomology Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Sherif R Mohamed
- Zoology and Entomology Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Dkhil
- Zoology and Entomology Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Felwa A Thagfan
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rewaida Abdel-Gaber
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Doaa Soliman
- Zoology and Entomology Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
赵 齐, 王 楠, 李 亚, 吴 庆, 吴 兰. [Lnc-TMEM132D-AS1 overexpression reduces sensitivity of non-small cell lung cancer cells to osimertinib]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2023; 43:242-250. [PMID: 36946044 PMCID: PMC10034553 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2023.02.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To screen the differentially expressed long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells with acquired resistance to osimertinib and explore their roles in drug resistance of the cells. METHODS The cell lines H1975_OR and HCC827_OR with acquired osimertinib resistance were derived from their osimertinib-sensitive parental NSCLC cell lines H1975 and HCC827, respectively, and their sensitivity to osimertinib was assessed with CCK-8 assay, clone formation assay and flow cytometry. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) were used to screen the differentially expressed lncRNAs in osimertinib-resistant cells. The role of the identified lncRNA in osimertinib resistance was explored using CCK-8, clone formation and Transwell assays, and its subcellular localization and downstream targets were analyzed by nucleoplasmic separation, bioinformatics analysis and qPCR. RESULTS The resistance index of H1975_OR and HCC827_OR cells to osimertinib was 598.70 and 428.82, respectively (P < 0.001), and the two cell lines showed significantly increased proliferation and colony-forming abilities with decreased apoptosis (P < 0.01). RNA-seq identified 34 differentially expressed lncRNAs in osimertinib-resistant cells, and among them lnc-TMEM132D-AS1 showed the highest increase of expression after acquired osimertinib resistance (P < 0.01). Analysis of the TCGA database suggested that the level of lnc-TMEM132D-AS1 was significantly higher in NSCLC than in adjacent tissues (P < 0.001), and its high expression was associated with a poor prognosis of the patients. In osimertinib-sensitive cells, overexpression of Lnc-TMEM132D-AS1 obviously promoted cell proliferation, colony formation and migration (P < 0.05), while Lnc-TMEM132D-AS1 knockdown partially restored osimertinib sensitivity of the resistant cells (P < 0.01). Lnc-TMEM132D-AS1 was localized mainly in the cytoplasm, and bioinformatics analysis suggested that hsa-miR-766-5p was its candidate target, and their expression levels were inversely correlated. The target mRNAs of hsa-miR-766-5p were mainly enriched in the Ras signaling pathway. CONCLUSION The expression of lnc-TMEM132D-AS1 is significantly upregulated in NSCLC cells with acquired osimertinib resistance, and may serve as a potential biomarker and therapeutic target for osimertinibresistant NSCLC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- 齐林 赵
- 重庆医科大学附属第一医院心胸外科,重庆 400016Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - 楠 王
- 重庆医科大学生命科学研究院,重庆 400016Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - 亚霁 李
- 重庆医科大学生命科学研究院,重庆 400016Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - 庆琛 吴
- 重庆医科大学附属第一医院心胸外科,重庆 400016Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - 兰香 吴
- 重庆医科大学生命科学研究院,重庆 400016Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Casagrande GMS, Silva MDO, Reis RM, Leal LF. Liquid Biopsy for Lung Cancer: Up-to-Date and Perspectives for Screening Programs. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:2505. [PMID: 36768828 PMCID: PMC9917347 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the deadliest cancer worldwide. Tissue biopsy is currently employed for the diagnosis and molecular stratification of lung cancer. Liquid biopsy is a minimally invasive approach to determine biomarkers from body fluids, such as blood, urine, sputum, and saliva. Tumor cells release cfDNA, ctDNA, exosomes, miRNAs, circRNAs, CTCs, and DNA methylated fragments, among others, which can be successfully used as biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis, and prediction of treatment response. Predictive biomarkers are well-established for managing lung cancer, and liquid biopsy options have emerged in the last few years. Currently, detecting EGFR p.(Tyr790Met) mutation in plasma samples from lung cancer patients has been used for predicting response and monitoring tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKi)-treated patients with lung cancer. In addition, many efforts continue to bring more sensitive technologies to improve the detection of clinically relevant biomarkers for lung cancer. Moreover, liquid biopsy can dramatically decrease the turnaround time for laboratory reports, accelerating the beginning of treatment and improving the overall survival of lung cancer patients. Herein, we summarized all available and emerging approaches of liquid biopsy-techniques, molecules, and sample type-for lung cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Marcela de Oliveira Silva
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, 1331 Rua Antenor Duarte Vilela, Barretos 14784-400, Brazil
| | - Rui Manuel Reis
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, 1331 Rua Antenor Duarte Vilela, Barretos 14784-400, Brazil
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, Campus de Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s—PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Letícia Ferro Leal
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, 1331 Rua Antenor Duarte Vilela, Barretos 14784-400, Brazil
- Barretos School of Medicine Dr. Paulo Prata—FACISB, Barretos 14785-002, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Lee JH, Kim EY, Park CK, Lee SY, Lee MK, Yoon SH, Lee JE, Lee SH, Kim SJ, Lee SY, Lim JH, Jang TW, Jang SH, Lee KY, Lee SH, Yang SH, Park DW, Park CK, Kang HS, Yeo CD, Choi CM, Lee JC. Real-World Study of Osimertinib in Korean Patients with Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor T790M Mutation-Positive Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Cancer Res Treat 2023; 55:112-122. [PMID: 36049499 PMCID: PMC9873329 DOI: 10.4143/crt.2022.381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Although osimertinib is the standard-of-care treatment of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) T790M mutation-positive non-small cell lung cancer, real-world evidence on the efficacy of osimertinib is not enough to reflect the complexity of the entire course of treatment. Herein, we report on the use of osimertinib in patients with EGFR T790M mutation-positive non-small cell lung cancer who had previously received EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) treatment in Korea. MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients with confirmed EGFR T790M after disease progression of prior EGFR-TKI were enrolled and administered osimertinib 80 mg daily. The primary effectiveness outcome was progression-free survival, with time-to-treatment discontinuation, treatment and adverse effects leading to treatment discontinuation, and overall survival being the secondary endpoints. RESULTS A total of 558 individuals were enrolled, and 55.2% had investigator-assessed responses. The median progression-free survival was 14.2 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 13.0 to 16.4), and the median time-to-treatment discontinuation was 15.0 months (95% CI, 14.1 to 15.9). The median overall survival was 36.7 months (95% CI, 30.9 to not reached). The benefit with osimertinib was consistent regardless of the age, sex, smoking history, and primary EGFR mutation subtype. However, hepatic metastases at the time of diagnosis, the presence of plasma EGFR T790M, and the shorter duration of prior EGFR-TKI treatment were poor predictors of osimertinib treatment. Ten patients (1.8%), including three with pneumonitis, had to discontinue osimertinib due to severe adverse effects. CONCLUSION Osimertinib demonstrated its clinical effectiveness and survival benefit for EGFR T790M mutation-positive in Korean patients with no new safety signals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jang Ho Lee
- Division of Pulmonology and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul,
Korea
| | - Eun Young Kim
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul,
Korea
| | - Cheol-Kyu Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Lung and Esophageal Cancer Clinic, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun,
Korea
| | - Shin Yup Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu,
Korea
| | - Min Ki Lee
- Division of Pulmonology, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan,
Korea
| | - Seong-Hoon Yoon
- Department of Pulmonology and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan,
Korea
| | - Jeong Eun Lee
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon,
Korea
| | - Sang Hoon Lee
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul,
Korea
| | - Seung Joon Kim
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul,
Korea
| | - Sung Yong Lee
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul,
Korea
| | - Jun Hyeok Lim
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Inha University Hospital, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon,
Korea
| | - Tae-Won Jang
- Department of Pulmonology, Kosin University Gospel Hospital, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan,
Korea
| | - Seung Hun Jang
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang,
Korea
| | - Kye Young Lee
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul,
Korea
| | - Seung Hyeun Lee
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul,
Korea
| | - Sei Hoon Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan,
Korea
| | - Dong Won Park
- Division of Pulmonology, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul,
Korea
| | - Chan Kwon Park
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yeouido St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul,
Korea
| | - Hye Seon Kang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Bucheon St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon,
Korea
| | - Chang Dong Yeo
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Eunpyeong St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul,
Korea
| | - Chang-Min Choi
- Division of Pulmonology and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul,
Korea,Department of Oncology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul,
Korea
| | - Jae Cheol Lee
- Department of Oncology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul,
Korea
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Min HY, Lee HY. Molecular targeted therapy for anticancer treatment. Exp Mol Med 2022; 54:1670-1694. [PMID: 36224343 PMCID: PMC9636149 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-022-00864-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the initial clinical approval in the late 1990s and remarkable anticancer effects for certain types of cancer, molecular targeted therapy utilizing small molecule agents or therapeutic monoclonal antibodies acting as signal transduction inhibitors has served as a fundamental backbone in precision medicine for cancer treatment. These approaches are now used clinically as first-line therapy for various types of human cancers. Compared to conventional chemotherapy, targeted therapeutic agents have efficient anticancer effects with fewer side effects. However, the emergence of drug resistance is a major drawback of molecular targeted therapy, and several strategies have been attempted to improve therapeutic efficacy by overcoming such resistance. Herein, we summarize current knowledge regarding several targeted therapeutic agents, including classification, a brief biology of target kinases, mechanisms of action, examples of clinically used targeted therapy, and perspectives for future development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Young Min
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Young Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Liu Z, Shah N, Marshall KL, Sprowls SA, Saralkar P, Mohammad A, Blethen KE, Arsiwala TA, Fladeland R, Lockman PR, Gao W. Overcoming the acquired resistance to gefitinib in lung cancer brain metastasis in vitro and in vivo. Arch Toxicol 2021; 95:3575-3587. [PMID: 34455456 PMCID: PMC9511176 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-021-03147-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
In our previous work, PC-9-Br, a PC-9 brain seeking line established via a preclinical animal model of lung cancer brain metastasis (LCBM), exhibited not only resistance to epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI) gefitinib in vitro, but also chemotherapy regimens of cisplatin plus etoposide in vivo. Using this cell line, we investigated novel potential targeted therapeutics for treating LCBM in vitro and in vivo to combat drug resistance. Significant increases in mRNA and protein expression levels of Bcl-2 were found in PC-9-Br compared with parental PC-9 (PC-9-P), but no significant changes of Bcl-XL were observed. A remarkable synergistic effect between EGFR-TKI gefitinib and Bcl-2 inhibitors ABT-263 (0.17 ± 0.010 µM at 48 h and 0.02 ± 0.004 µM at 72 h), or ABT-199 (0.22 ± 0.008 µM at 48 h and 0.02 ± 0.001 µM at 72 h) to overcome acquired resistance to gefitinib (> 0.5 µM at 48 h and 0.10 ± 0.007 µM at 72 h) in PC-9-Br was observed in MTT assays. AZD9291 was also shown to overcome acquired resistance to gefitinib in PC-9-Br in MTT assays (0.23 ± 0.031 µM at 48 h and 0.03 ± 0.008 µM at 72 h). Western blot showed significantly decreased phospho-Erk1/2 and increased cleaved-caspase-3 expressions were potential synergistic mechanisms for gefitinib + ABT263/ABT199 in PC-9-Br. Significantly decreased protein expressions of phospho-EGFR, phospho-Akt, p21, and survivin were specific synergistic mechanism for gefitinib + ABT199 in PC-9-Br. In vivo studies demonstrated afatinib (30 mg/kg) and AZD9291 (25 mg/kg) could significantly reduce the LCBM in vivo and increase survival percentages of treated mice compared with mice treated with vehicle and gefitinib (6.25 mg/kg). In conclusion, our study demonstrated gefitinib + ABT263/ABT199, afatinib, and AZD9291 have clinical potential to treat LCBM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhongwei Liu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, West Virginia University, 64 Medical Center Drive, Morgantown, WV, 26505, USA
| | - Neal Shah
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University, 108 Biomedical Drive, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
- School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, USA
| | - Kent L Marshall
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, West Virginia University, 64 Medical Center Drive, Morgantown, WV, 26505, USA
- School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, USA
- West Virginia Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Morgantown, USA
| | - Samuel A Sprowls
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University, 108 Biomedical Drive, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
| | - Pushkar Saralkar
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University, 108 Biomedical Drive, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
| | - Afroz Mohammad
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University, 108 Biomedical Drive, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
| | - Kathryn E Blethen
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University, 108 Biomedical Drive, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
| | - Tasneem A Arsiwala
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University, 108 Biomedical Drive, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
| | - Ross Fladeland
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University, 108 Biomedical Drive, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
| | - Paul R Lockman
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University, 108 Biomedical Drive, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA.
| | - Weimin Gao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, West Virginia University, 64 Medical Center Drive, Morgantown, WV, 26505, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Lee CS, Milone M, Seetharamu N. Osimertinib in EGFR-Mutated Lung Cancer: A Review of the Existing and Emerging Clinical Data. Onco Targets Ther 2021; 14:4579-4597. [PMID: 34471361 PMCID: PMC8405228 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s227032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitors such as osimertinib has improved outcomes and quality of life for patients with EGFR-mutated non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Osimertinib has become the preferred EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKIs) for patients with these mutations after demonstrating superior efficacy compared to first generation EGFR TKIs, such as erlotinib and gefitinib. More recently osimertinib has also shown to be beneficial in patients with resectable NSCLC harboring EGFR mutations irrespective of whether they received adjuvant chemotherapy or not. The drug is now FDA approved in this setting. With osimertinib being used more commonly in earlier stage and front-line settings, we are more likely to see patients who develop resistance to this drug. The aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive review of the data with osimertinib in EGFR mutation positive NSCLC, potential resistance mechanisms and an overview of key ongoing clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Shien Lee
- Department of Clinical Health Professions, St. John’s University, Queens, NY, USA
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Northwell Health Cancer Institute, Lake Success, NY, USA
| | - Matthew Milone
- Pharmacy Department, Long Island Jewish Medical Center, New Hyde Park, NY, USA
| | - Nagashree Seetharamu
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Northwell Health Cancer Institute, Lake Success, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
de Kock R, Knoops C, Baselmans M, Borne BVD, Brunsveld L, Scharnhorst V, Deiman B. Sensitive cell-free tumor DNA analysis in supernatant pleural effusions supports therapy selection and disease monitoring of lung cancer patients. Cancer Treat Res Commun 2021; 29:100449. [PMID: 34481168 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctarc.2021.100449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Supernatant pleural effusions (PE) have shown to be a valuable source for the detection of driver mutations in circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA). In this prospective study, the clinical value of ctDNA analysis in supernatant PE to support therapy selection and disease monitoring in lung cancer patients is assessed. Paired PE and plasma samples were collected from lung cancer patients before initiation of therapy (N = 2) and from EGFR positive patients during therapy (N = 3). Supernatant PE and plasma were tested for mutations in EGFR, KRAS and BRAF by droplet digital PCR. In PE of two patients with suspected lung cancer, a KRAS mutation was detected with a 5- and 8-fold higher fractional abundance (FA) compared to plasma. For three patients with progressive disease during therapy, both the EGFR L858R and T790M mutations were detected in PE. However, in plasma only for two of these patients the L858R mutation was detected with a 46- and 14- fold lower FA, and only for one patient the T790M mutation was detected with a 8-fold lower FA. For one patient, longitudinal ctDNA analysis in PE revealed the T790M and L858R mutations already two months prior to detection of progressive disease by CT-scan. In this study, a higher ctDNA concentration and FA was obtained from PE compared to the corresponding blood samples, which enables more sensitive mutation analysis. Thus, PE is a valuable liquid biopsy, complementing plasma, for ctDNA analysis to support therapy selection and disease monitoring in lung cancer patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Remco de Kock
- Catharina Hospital Eindhoven, Clinical Laboratory, Eindhoven, Netherlands; Eindhoven University of Technology, Institute for Complex Molecular Systems and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Eindhoven, Netherlands; Expert Center Clinical Chemistry Eindhoven, Eindhoven, Netherlands
| | - Chantal Knoops
- Catharina Hospital Eindhoven, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Eindhoven, Netherlands
| | - Mieke Baselmans
- Catharina Hospital Eindhoven, Clinical Laboratory, Eindhoven, Netherlands
| | - Ben van den Borne
- Catharina Hospital Eindhoven, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Eindhoven, Netherlands
| | - Luc Brunsveld
- Eindhoven University of Technology, Institute for Complex Molecular Systems and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Eindhoven, Netherlands; Expert Center Clinical Chemistry Eindhoven, Eindhoven, Netherlands
| | - Volkher Scharnhorst
- Catharina Hospital Eindhoven, Clinical Laboratory, Eindhoven, Netherlands; Eindhoven University of Technology, Institute for Complex Molecular Systems and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Eindhoven, Netherlands; Expert Center Clinical Chemistry Eindhoven, Eindhoven, Netherlands
| | - Birgit Deiman
- Catharina Hospital Eindhoven, Clinical Laboratory, Eindhoven, Netherlands; Eindhoven University of Technology, Institute for Complex Molecular Systems and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Eindhoven, Netherlands; Expert Center Clinical Chemistry Eindhoven, Eindhoven, Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Shaikh M, Shinde Y, Pawara R, Noolvi M, Surana S, Ahmad I, Patel H. Emerging Approaches to Overcome Acquired Drug Resistance Obstacles to Osimertinib in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer. J Med Chem 2021; 65:1008-1046. [PMID: 34323489 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The pyrimidine core-containing compound Osimertinib is the only epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI) from the third generation that has been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration to target threonine 790 methionine (T790M) resistance while sparing the wild-type epidermal growth factor receptor (WT EGFR). It is nearly 200-fold more selective toward the mutant EGFR as compared to the WT EGFR. A tertiary cystein 797 to serine 797 (C797S) mutation in the EGFR kinase domain has hampered Osimertinib treatment in patients with advanced EGFR-mutated non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). This C797S mutation is presumed to induce a tertiary-acquired resistance to all current reversible and irreversible EGFR TKIs. This review summarizes the molecular mechanisms of resistance to Osimertinib as well as different strategies for overcoming the EGFR-dependent and EGFR-independent mechanisms of resistance, new challenges, and a future direction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matin Shaikh
- H. R. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur, Maharashtra, India 425405
| | - Yashodeep Shinde
- R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur, Maharashtra, India 425405
| | - Rahul Pawara
- R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur, Maharashtra, India 425405
| | - Malleshappa Noolvi
- Shree Dhanvantari College of Pharmacy, Kim, Surat, Gujarat, India 394111
| | - Sanjay Surana
- R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur, Maharashtra, India 425405
| | - Iqrar Ahmad
- R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur, Maharashtra, India 425405
| | - Harun Patel
- R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur, Maharashtra, India 425405
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Innovations and Patent Trends in the Development of USFDA Approved Protein Kinase Inhibitors in the Last Two Decades. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14080710. [PMID: 34451807 PMCID: PMC8400070 DOI: 10.3390/ph14080710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein kinase inhibitors (PKIs) are important therapeutic agents. As of 31 May 2021, the United States Food and Drug Administration (USFDA) has approved 70 PKIs. Most of the PKIs are employed to treat cancer and inflammatory diseases. Imatinib was the first PKI approved by USFDA in 2001. This review summarizes the compound patents and the essential polymorph patents of the PKIs approved by the USFDA from 2001 to 31 May 2021. The dates on the generic drug availability of the PKIs in the USA market have also been forecasted. It is expected that 19 and 48 PKIs will be genericized by 2025 and 2030, respectively, due to their compound patent expiry. This may reduce the financial toxicity associated with the existing PKIs. There are nearly 535 reported PKs. However, the USFDA approved PKIs target only about 10-15% of the total said PKs. As a result, there are still a large number of unexplored PKs. As the field advances during the next 20 years, one can anticipate that PKIs with many scaffolds, chemotypes, and pharmacophores will be developed.
Collapse
|
14
|
Li S, Ke L, Meng X, Zhou H, Zhang X, Wu H, Yu J, Zhang H. Next Generation Sequencing in the Management of Leptomeningeal Metastases of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Case Report and Literature Review. Recent Pat Anticancer Drug Discov 2021; 16:108-116. [PMID: 33245275 DOI: 10.2174/1574892815666201127114224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diagnosis of Leptomeningeal Metastases (LM) from Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) is usually based on clinical symptoms, Cerebral-Spinal Fluid (CSF) cytology, and neuro-imaging. However, early diagnosis of LM in NSCLC is challenging due to the low sensitivity of these approaches. The Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) using CSF could help improve the diagnosis of LM and guide its treatment options. CASE PRESENTATION We report a 39-year-old male NSCLC patient with negative molecular testing results in the lung cancer tissue sample. The patient developed symptoms of LM with the negative CSF cytology and MRI; however, the NGS analysis of CSF revealed an EGFR exon 19 del mutation. The patient attained 6 months of Progression-Free Survival (PFS) by treating with erlotinib and anlotinib before the neurological symptoms appeared again. EGFR Thr790Met was positive in the CSF but negative in his plasma. The patient was then treated with osimertinib therapy and the response was maintained for more than 1 year. RESULTS & DISCUSSION This case is the first study reporting the clinical benefit of using the combination of erlotinib and anlotinib for the treatment of LM with the EGFR 19 del, osimertinib with EGFR T790M mutation in CSF, but negative gene mutation in the blood or lung tumor biopsy specimens. Our results support that genetic analysis should be performed with CSF samples in all cases of suspected LM when the results of testing for EGFR/ALK/ROS1 mutation in blood samples or tumor biopsy specimens are negative, as these patients could benefit from treatment of TKIs in a poor prognostic setting. CONCLUSION In parallel to current patents, NGS could be applied as a novel strategy in the managing of NSCLC patients with LM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Science, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Linping Ke
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Xue Meng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Science, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Haiyan Zhou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Science, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xiqin Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Science, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Huaguo Wu
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Science, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jinming Yu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Science, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Science, Jinan, Shandong, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Stiller C, Viktorsson K, Paz Gomero E, Hååg P, Arapi V, Kaminskyy VO, Kamali C, De Petris L, Ekman S, Lewensohn R, Karlström AE. Detection of Tumor-Associated Membrane Receptors on Extracellular Vesicles from Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients via Immuno-PCR. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13040922. [PMID: 33671772 PMCID: PMC7926549 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13040922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Lung cancer is often detected at late stages when metastases are present and the genomic make-ups of the tumors are heterogeneous. Analyses of genomic alterations in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) have revealed mutated tumor-associated membrane receptors and fusion proteins, which can be targeted via tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). TKIs initially often have a good effect, but a fraction of the tumor lesions may develop resistance through additional mutations in the targeted kinases or by increased expression/function of other membrane receptors. Detection of TKI-bypassing mechanisms is difficult in tissue biopsies as these analyze only a subpart of tumors or lesions. Liquid biopsies based on tumor-secreted small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) into body fluids can assess tumor heterogeneity. We present an immuno-PCR method for the detection of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), and the insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R) on sEVs. Initial investigations of sEVs from EGFR-mutant NSCLC tumor cells or pleural effusion (PE) fluid from patients with NSCLC or benign diseases showed different protein profiles for individual sEV samples. Further development of the immuno-PCR could complement DNA/mRNA-based assays detecting kinase mutations to allow longitudinal treatment monitoring of diverse TKI-bypassing mechanisms. Abstract Precision cancer medicine for non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has increased patient survival. Nevertheless, targeted agents towards tumor-associated membrane receptors only result in partial remission for a limited time, calling for approaches which allow longitudinal treatment monitoring. Rebiopsy of tumors in the lung is challenging, and metastatic lesions may have heterogeneous signaling. One way ahead is to use liquid biopsies such as circulating tumor DNA or small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) secreted by the tumor into blood or other body fluids. Herein, an immuno-PCR-based detection of the tumor-associated membrane receptors EGFR, HER2, and IGF-1R on CD9-positive sEVs from NSCLC cells and pleural effusion fluid (PE) of NSCLC patients is developed utilizing DNA conjugates of antibody mimetics and affibodies, as detection agents. Results on sEVs purified from culture media of NSCLC cells treated with anti-EGFR siRNA, showed that the reduction of EGFR expression can be detected via immuno-PCR. Protein profiling of sEVs from NSCLC patient PE samples revealed the capacity to monitor EGFR, HER2, and IGF-1R with the immuno-PCR method. We detected a significantly higher EGFR level in sEVs derived from a PE sample of a patient with an EGFR-driven NSCLC adenocarcinoma than in sEVs from PE samples of non-EGFR driven adenocarcinoma patients or in samples from patients with benign lung disease. In summary, we have developed a diagnostic method for sEVs in liquid biopsies of cancer patients which may be used for longitudinal treatment monitoring to detect emerging bypassing resistance mechanisms in a noninvasive way.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christiane Stiller
- Department of Protein Science, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, AlbaNova University Center, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden; (C.S.); (E.P.G.)
- Biomedical Centre, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, SE-75123 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Kristina Viktorsson
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-17177 Stockholm, Sweden; (K.V.); (P.H.); (V.A.); (V.O.K.); (C.K.); (L.D.P.); (S.E.); (R.L.)
| | - Elizabeth Paz Gomero
- Department of Protein Science, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, AlbaNova University Center, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden; (C.S.); (E.P.G.)
| | - Petra Hååg
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-17177 Stockholm, Sweden; (K.V.); (P.H.); (V.A.); (V.O.K.); (C.K.); (L.D.P.); (S.E.); (R.L.)
| | - Vasiliki Arapi
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-17177 Stockholm, Sweden; (K.V.); (P.H.); (V.A.); (V.O.K.); (C.K.); (L.D.P.); (S.E.); (R.L.)
| | - Vitaliy O. Kaminskyy
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-17177 Stockholm, Sweden; (K.V.); (P.H.); (V.A.); (V.O.K.); (C.K.); (L.D.P.); (S.E.); (R.L.)
| | - Caroline Kamali
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-17177 Stockholm, Sweden; (K.V.); (P.H.); (V.A.); (V.O.K.); (C.K.); (L.D.P.); (S.E.); (R.L.)
- Theme Cancer, Medical Unit Head and Neck, Lung, and Skin Tumors, Thoracic Oncology Center, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Luigi De Petris
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-17177 Stockholm, Sweden; (K.V.); (P.H.); (V.A.); (V.O.K.); (C.K.); (L.D.P.); (S.E.); (R.L.)
- Theme Cancer, Medical Unit Head and Neck, Lung, and Skin Tumors, Thoracic Oncology Center, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Simon Ekman
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-17177 Stockholm, Sweden; (K.V.); (P.H.); (V.A.); (V.O.K.); (C.K.); (L.D.P.); (S.E.); (R.L.)
- Theme Cancer, Medical Unit Head and Neck, Lung, and Skin Tumors, Thoracic Oncology Center, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rolf Lewensohn
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-17177 Stockholm, Sweden; (K.V.); (P.H.); (V.A.); (V.O.K.); (C.K.); (L.D.P.); (S.E.); (R.L.)
- Theme Cancer, Medical Unit Head and Neck, Lung, and Skin Tumors, Thoracic Oncology Center, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Amelie Eriksson Karlström
- Department of Protein Science, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, AlbaNova University Center, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden; (C.S.); (E.P.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +46-8-790-99-78
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Zhu YT, Zhang YF, Jiang JF, Yang Y, Guo LX, Bao JJ, Zhong DF. Effects of rifampicin on the pharmacokinetics of alflutinib, a selective third-generation EGFR kinase inhibitor, and its metabolite AST5902 in healthy volunteers. Invest New Drugs 2021; 39:1011-1018. [PMID: 33506323 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-021-01071-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Background Alflutinib is a novel irreversible and highly selective third-generation EGFR inhibitor currently being developed for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer patients with activating EGFR mutations and EGFR T790M drug-resistant mutation. Alflutinib is mainly metabolized via CYP3A4 to form its active metabolite AST5902. Both alflutinib and AST5902 contribute to the in vivo pharmacological activity. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of rifampicin (a strong CYP3A4 inducer) on the pharmacokinetics of alflutinib and AST5902 in healthy volunteers, thus providing important information for drug-drug interaction evaluation and guiding clinical usage. Methods This study was designed as a single-center, open-label, and single-sequence trial over two periods. The volunteers received a single dose of 80 mg alflutinib on Day 1/22 and continuous doses of 0.6 g rifampicin on Day 15-30. Blood sampling was conducted on Day 1-10 and Day 22-31. The pharmacokinetics of alflutinib, AST5902, and the total active ingredients (alflutinib and AST5902) with or without rifampicin co-administration were respectively analyzed. Results Co-administration with rifampicin led to 86% and 60% decreases in alflutinib AUC0-∞ and Cmax, respectively, as well as 17% decrease in AST5902 AUC0-∞ and 1.09-fold increase in AST5902 Cmax. The total active ingredients (alflutinib and AST5902) exhibited 62% and 39% decreases in AUC0-∞ and Cmax, respectively. Conclusions As a strong CYP3A4 inducer, rifampicin exerted significant effects on the pharmacokinetics of alflutinib and the total active ingredients (alflutinib and AST5902). The results suggested that concomitant strong CYP3A4 inducers should be avoided during alflutinib treatment. This trial was registered at http://www.chinadrugtrials.org.cn . The registration No. is CTR20191562, and the date of registration is 2019-09-12.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Ting Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Fan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jin-Fang Jiang
- HQ Bioscience Co., LTD, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Yang
- HQ Bioscience Co., LTD, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Xia Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing-Jing Bao
- Shanghai Allist Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Da-Fang Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Lu Y, Bian D, Zhang X, Zhang H, Zhu Z. Inhibition of Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL overcomes the resistance to the third-generation EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor osimertinib in non-small cell lung cancer. Mol Med Rep 2021; 23:48. [PMID: 33200796 PMCID: PMC7705995 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have demonstrated significant benefits to patients with non‑small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) harboring EGFR‑activating mutations; however, acquired resistance limits their long‑term efficacy. Therefore, it remains an urgent requirement to discover the underlying mechanisms and investigate novel therapeutic strategies for overcoming the resistance to EGFR TKIs. The present study aimed to determine the mechanism underlying the resistance of NSCLC cells to osimertinib, a third‑generation EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor, the osimertinib‑resistant NSCLC cell sub‑line HCC827/OR was established in the present study. It was found that the expression levels of Bcl‑2 and Bcl‑xL were significantly upregulated in resistant cells compared with sensitive cells. Furthermore, the suppression of Bcl‑2 and Bcl‑xL through small interfering RNA‑mediated gene knockdown or using a small molecule specific inhibitor ABT‑263 re‑sensitized HCC827/OR cells to osimertinib treatment. Moreover, the combined treatment of HCC827/OR cells with ABT‑263 and osimertinib enhanced the rate of cell apoptosis through the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. Finally, ABT‑263 was able to overcome the resistance of osimertinib in xenograft tumor models. In conclusion, these findings may provide an improved concept for the development of a novel combined therapeutic strategy for the treatment of NSCLC resistance to EGFR TKIs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yingjie Lu
- Department of Thoracic, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
| | - Dongliang Bian
- Department of Thoracic, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
| | - Xuelin Zhang
- Department of Thoracic, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
| | - Huibiao Zhang
- Department of Thoracic, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
| | - Zhenghong Zhu
- Department of Thoracic, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Cong J, Zhang Y, Xue Y, Zhang C, Xu M, Liu D, Zhang R, Zhu H. A Pilot Study: Changes of Intestinal Microbiota of Patients With Non-small Cell Lung Cancer in Response to Osimertinib Therapy. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:583525. [PMID: 33240237 PMCID: PMC7683577 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.583525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Osimertinib contributes to the higher efficacy and few intestinal side effects in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with T790M mutation. Previous studies has reported that intestinal microbiota play important roles in drug efficacy and toxicity. However, we have known less about the changes of intestinal microbiota in response to osimertinib therapy. In this pilot study, we used longitudinal sampling with 6 weeks sampling collection intervals for about 1 year to model intestinal microbial changes based on the 16S rRNA genes sequencing in fecal samples from NSCLC patients in response to osimertinib therapy. The results showed that there was no significantly different on the intestinal microbial composition at the phylum, family, and genus level among NSCLC patients with different treatment cycles (P > 0.05). There were no significant differences in alpha diversity characterized by the richness, Shannon diversity, and phylogenetic diversity based on the Welch’s t-test among NSCLC patients in response to osimertinib therapy (P > 0.05). However, the dissimilarity test and principal coordination analysis showed a few differences among NSCLC patients. The intestinal microbial markers were changed in post-therapy (Sutterella, Peptoniphilus, and Anaeroglobus) compared to that in pre-therapy (Clostridium XIVa). Furthermore, the phylogenetic molecular ecological networks (MENs) were influenced by osimertinib therapy based on the module number, link number, and module taxa composition of the first six groups. Overall, it indicated that osimertinib therapy changed the intestinal microbiota to some extent, though not completely. In all, this pilot study provides an understanding of changes of intestinal microbiota from NSCLC patients in response to osimertinib therapy. No complete changes in intestinal microbiota seem to be closely linked with the few intestinal side effects and higher efficacy in response to osimertinib therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Cong
- College of Marine Science and Biological Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Yuguang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology, Environment of State Forestry Administration, Institute of Forestry Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
| | - Yadong Xue
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology, Environment of State Forestry Administration, Institute of Forestry Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
| | - Chuantao Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Mingjin Xu
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Dong Liu
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ruiyan Zhang
- Department of Radiotherapy, Qingdao Central Hospital, Qingdao, China
| | - Hua Zhu
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Lee CS, Sharma S, Miao E, Mensah C, Sullivan K, Seetharamu N. A Comprehensive Review of Contemporary Literature for Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer and Their Toxicity. LUNG CANCER (AUCKLAND, N.Z.) 2020; 11:73-103. [PMID: 33117017 PMCID: PMC7548332 DOI: 10.2147/lctt.s258444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Mutations in the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) are common amongst those with non-small cell lung cancer and represent a major factor in treatment decisions, most notably in the advanced stages. Small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) that target the EGFR, such as erlotinib, gefitinib, icotinib, afatinib, dacomitinib and osimertinib, have all shown to be effective in this setting. Osimertinib, a third-generation EGFR TKI, is a favorable option, but almost all patients develop resistance at some time point. There are no effective treatment options for patients who progress on osimertinib, but ongoing trials will hopefully address this unmet need. The aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive review of the data with EGFR TKIs, management of the toxicities and the ongoing trials with this class of agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Shien Lee
- Department of Clinical Health Professions, St. John’s University, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Queens, NY11439, USA
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Northwell Health Cancer Institute, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Lake Success, NY11042, USA
| | - Sandhya Sharma
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Denver Health, Denver, CO80204, USA
| | - Emily Miao
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Cheryl Mensah
- Weil Cornell School of Medicine, Department of Hematology and Oncology, Weill Cornell of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kevin Sullivan
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Northwell Health Cancer Institute, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Lake Success, NY11042, USA
| | - Nagashree Seetharamu
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Northwell Health Cancer Institute, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Lake Success, NY11042, USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Making NSCLC Crystal Clear: How Kinase Structures Revolutionized Lung Cancer Treatment. CRYSTALS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst10090725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The parallel advances of different scientific fields provide a contemporary scenario where collaboration is not a differential, but actually a requirement. In this context, crystallography has had a major contribution on the medical sciences, providing a “face” for targets of diseases that previously were known solely by name or sequence. Worldwide, cancer still leads the number of annual deaths, with 9.6 million associated deaths, with a major contribution from lung cancer and its 1.7 million deaths. Since the relationship between cancer and kinases was unraveled, these proteins have been extensively explored and became associated with drugs that later attained blockbuster status. Crystallographic structures of kinases related to lung cancer and their developed and marketed drugs provided insight on their conformation in the absence or presence of small molecules. Notwithstanding, these structures were also of service once the initially highly successful drugs started to lose their effectiveness in the emergence of mutations. This review focuses on a subclassification of lung cancer, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and major oncogenic driver mutations in kinases, and how crystallographic structures can be used, not only to provide awareness of the function and inhibition of these mutations, but also how these structures can be used in further computational studies aiming at addressing these novel mutations in the field of personalized medicine.
Collapse
|
21
|
Santarpia M, Altavilla G, Borsellino N, Girlando A, Mancuso G, Pergolizzi S, Piazza D, Pontoriero A, Valerio MR, Gebbia V. High-dose Radiotherapy for Oligo-progressive NSCLC Receiving EGFR Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors: Real World Data. In Vivo 2020; 34:2009-2014. [PMID: 32606174 PMCID: PMC7439904 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.11999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Local ablative treatments for oligo-progressive, EGFR mutated non-small cell lung cancer (mut-NCSLC) may improve long-term disease control and survival. We analyzed the efficacy of hypo-fractionated, high-dose radiation therapy (HDRT), in association with prolonged EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) in oligo-progressive, EGFR mutant-NSCLC. PATIENTS AND METHODS Progression-free survival-1 (PFS-1, date from initiation of TKI therapy until oligo-progression or death), and progression-free survival-2 (PFS-2, date of focal progression until further progression or death) were evaluated. RESULTS Thirty-six patients were analyzed. The median PFS 1 was 12.5 months. HDHRT consisted of intensity-modulated RT and stereotactic RT in 23 (64%) and 13 (36%) patients respectively. The median PFS 2 was 6.3 months. Overall survival was 38.7 months. CONCLUSION Hypo-fractionated HDRT plus TKI therapy, is associated with a significant prolongation of disease control (overall PFS: 18.8 months), with manageable side effects. These real-world data support the use of local ablative approaches in oligo-progressive EGFR mut-NSCLC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariacarmela Santarpia
- Medical Oncology Unit, Depart. of Human Pathology "G. Barresi", University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Altavilla
- Medical Oncology Unit, Depart. of Human Pathology "G. Barresi", University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | | | - Andrea Girlando
- Radiotherapy Unit, Istituto Clinico Humanitas, Catania, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Mancuso
- Medical Oncology and Supportive Care Unit, La Maddalena Cancer Center, Palermo, Italy
| | - Stefano Pergolizzi
- Unit of Radiation Oncology, Department of Biomedical, Dental Science and Morphological and Functional Images, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Dario Piazza
- GSTU Foundation for Cancer Research, Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonio Pontoriero
- Unit of Radiation Oncology, Department of Biomedical, Dental Science and Morphological and Functional Images, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Maria Rosaria Valerio
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Oncology, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Vittorio Gebbia
- Medical Oncology and Supportive Care Unit, La Maddalena Cancer Center, Palermo, Italy
- PROMISE Department, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Synergistic effects of Bcl-2 inhibitors with AZD9291 on overcoming the acquired resistance of AZD9291 in H1975 cells. Arch Toxicol 2020; 94:3125-3136. [PMID: 32577785 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-020-02816-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with epithermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations can be treated with EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs), however, development of acquired resistance could significantly limit curative effects of EGFR-TKIs. Different mechanisms of acquired resistance to first-generation and second-generation EGFR TKIs have been widely reported, but there were few reports on the resistant mechanism of third-generation EGFR-TKI such as osimertinib (AZD9291). In the present study, significant upregulation of Bcl-2 was found in AZD9291-resistant H1975 cells (H1975AR) compared with H1975, which may constitute an important resistant mechanism of acquired resistance to AZD9291. More importantly, our study showed that synergism between AZD9291 and Bcl-2 inhibitor ABT263 (0.25 μM) or ABT199 (1 μM) could effectively overcome the acquired resistance of AZD9291 in H1975AR in vitro. Flow cytometry analyses demonstrated that AZD9291 + ABT263/ABT199 caused a significantly different cell cycle distribution and produced significantly more apoptosis compared with either AZD9291 or ABT263/ABT199 treatment alone. Further multiscreen/Western blot analyses revealed that NF-κB was significantly downregulated in AZD9291 + ABT263/ABT199 treatment groups compared with AZD9291 or ABT263/ABT199 treatment alone, with a more significant reduction of NF-κB in AZD9291 + ABT199 compared with AZD9291 + ABT263. It is also noticeable that AZD9291 + ABT263 specifically caused a significantly reduced expression of p21 compared with AZD9291 or ABT263 treatment alone while AZD9291 + ABT199 specifically caused significantly reduced expressions of SQSTM1 and survivin, but increased expression of autophagosome marker LC3-II compared with AZD9291 or ABT199 treatment alone. Furthermore, cytotoxicity of AZD9291 + ABT199 could be partially reversed by autophagy inhibitor chloroquine. These results suggest that ABT263 and ABT199 may work through different signaling pathways to achieve synergistic cytotoxicity with AZD9291 in H1975AR. These findings suggest that Bcl-2 inhibitor may provide an effective option in combination therapy with EGFR-TKIs to treat NSCLC with EGFR-TKI acquired resistance.
Collapse
|
23
|
Chiang AC, Fernandes AW, Pavilack M, Wu JW, Laliberté F, Duh MS, Chehab N, Subramanian J. EGFR mutation testing and treatment decisions in patients progressing on first- or second-generation epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors. BMC Cancer 2020; 20:356. [PMID: 32345265 PMCID: PMC7189688 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-020-06826-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The objective of this study was to investigate real-world EGFR mutation testing in patients with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) upon progression on first−/second-generation epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI), and subsequent treatments received. Methods Flatiron Health electronic health records-derived database was used to identify adult patients with metastatic NSCLC treated with first−/second-generation EGFR-TKI from 11/2015–09/2017, with start of first EGFR-TKI defined as the index date. Patients were stratified by receipt of EGFR-TKI as first-line (1 L) or later-line (2 L+) treatment. Mutation testing and subsequent therapies following first−/second-generation EGFR-TKI were described. Results Overall, 782 patients (1 L = 435; 2 L+ =347) were included. Median age was 69.0 years, 63.6% were female, 56.3% were white, 87.1% were treated in community-based practices, and 30.1% of patients died during the study period; median follow-up was 309.0 days. Among the 294 (1 L = 160; 2L+ =134) patients who received subsequent therapies, treatments included chemotherapy only (1 L = 15.6%; 2L+ =21.6%), immunotherapy only (1 L = 13.8%; 2 L+ =41.0%), and targeted therapies (1 L = 70.0%; 2 L+ =36.6%). Specifically, 40 (25.0%) 1 L patients and 7 (5.2%) 2 L+ patients received osimertinib as subsequent therapy. Before the start of subsequent therapy, EGFR T790M resistance mutation testing was performed in 88 (29.9%) patients (1 L = 63 [39.4%]; 2 L+ =25 [18.7%]). Of these patients, 25 (28.4%) were T790M positive, among whom 24 (96.0%) received osimertinib. Conclusions A third of patients received subsequent therapies on disease progression; only 30% of these were tested for EGFR-TKI resistance mutation, prior to receiving subsequent therapies. These results highlight the importance of choosing treatments in the 1 L setting that optimize benefits for patients with EGFR-mutated NSCLC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne C Chiang
- Yale School of Medicine, 20 York Street, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA.
| | | | | | - Jennifer W Wu
- Groupe d'analyse, Ltée, Deloitte Tower, 1190 Avenue des Canadiens-de-Montréal Suite 1500, Montreal, QC, H3B 0G7, Canada
| | - François Laliberté
- Groupe d'analyse, Ltée, Deloitte Tower, 1190 Avenue des Canadiens-de-Montréal Suite 1500, Montreal, QC, H3B 0G7, Canada
| | - Mei Sheng Duh
- Analysis Group, Inc., 111 Huntington Avenue, 14th Floor, Boston, MA, 02199, USA
| | - Nabil Chehab
- AstraZeneca US, 950 Wind River Ln, Gaithersburg, MD, 20878, USA
| | - Janakiraman Subramanian
- Saint Luke's Cancer Institute, 4321 Washington St, Medical Plaza III, Ste 4000, Kansas City, MO, 64111, USA
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Thakur S, Chakraborty DS, Lahiry S, Choudhury S. Osimertinib as an emerging therapeutic modality in nonsmall cell lung cancer: Opportunities and challenges in Indian scenario. Lung India 2020; 37:77-78. [PMID: 31898629 PMCID: PMC6961090 DOI: 10.4103/lungindia.lungindia_291_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sayanta Thakur
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | | | - Sandeep Lahiry
- Department of Pharmacology, RG Kar Medical College, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Shouvik Choudhury
- Department of Pharmacology, Burdwan Medical College, Burdwan, West Bengal, India
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Gao X, Zhao Y, Bao Y, Yin W, Liu L, Liu R, Yu Z, Zhou X, Shuai J. Poor Prognosis With Coexistence Of EGFR T790M Mutation And Common EGFR-Activating Mutation In Non- Small Cell Lung Cancer. Cancer Manag Res 2019; 11:9621-9630. [PMID: 32009817 PMCID: PMC6859090 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s216721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Previous studies have shown that the presence of EGFR T790M mutation may reduce the treatment efficacy of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) in EGFR-mutant lung cancer. However, little is known about the clinical features and outcomes of EGFR T790M mutation in pretreated patients with NSCLC. Patients and methods The clinical features of EGFR-activating and T790M mutations were assessed in a large cohort of patients with EGFR-TKI-naïve NSCLC (all/EGFR mutations, n=16,347/7,687). The correlation between the pretreatment T790M mutation status and clinical outcomes was evaluated using univariate and multivariate analyses. Results Pretreatment T790M mutation was reported in 1.39% of the patients and coexisted with an EGFR-activating or uncommon mutation. The dual EGFR T790M and common EGFR-activating mutations were more likely to be detected in lung adenocarcinoma, whereas single T790M mutation was more prevalent in non-adenocarcinomas. The presence of de novo T790M mutation correlated with reduced recurrence-free survival (RFS) in patients with NSCLC (odds ratio [OR] 3.37, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.67-6.79, P = 0.001). After molecular stratification, T790M mutation was shown to exert adverse effects on the RFS of EGFR 19-del group (OR 2.89, 95% CI 1.10-7.91, P = 0.028) and EGFR L858R group (OR 3.43, 95% CI 1.33-8.88, P = 0.013). Furthermore, pretreatment T790M mutation promoted tumor metastasis to different sites. Conclusion T790M-positive tumors presented special clinical features, and the coexistence of T790M and common EGFR-activating mutations was associated with poor prognosis in patients with NSCLC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuejuan Gao
- Department of Physics, Xiamen University, Xiamen, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanfeng Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Bao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Yin
- Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Education, Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Liyu Liu
- College of Physics, Chongqing University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruchuan Liu
- College of Physics, Chongqing University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengquan Yu
- State Key Laboratories for Agrobiotechnology and Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Zhou
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianwei Shuai
- Department of Physics, Xiamen University, Xiamen, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Xiamen University, Xiamen, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Lazzari C, Gregorc V, Santarpia M. Impact of clinical features of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-mutated non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients on osimertinib efficacy. J Thorac Dis 2019; 11:4400-4403. [PMID: 31903227 PMCID: PMC6940227 DOI: 10.21037/jtd.2019.10.67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Lazzari
- Division of Experimental Medicine, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy
| | - Vanesa Gregorc
- Division of Experimental Medicine, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy
| | - Mariacarmela Santarpia
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Human Pathology “G. Barresi”, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Codony-Servat J, Viteri S, Codony-Servat C, Ito M, Bracht JWP, Berenguer J, Chaib I, Molina-Vila MA, Karachaliou N, Rosell R. Hsp90 inhibitors enhance the antitumoral effect of osimertinib in parental and osimertinib-resistant non-small cell lung cancer cell lines. Transl Lung Cancer Res 2019; 8:340-351. [PMID: 31555510 DOI: 10.21037/tlcr.2019.08.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Background Osimertinib improve therapy for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, invariable acquired resistance appears. Methods MTT assay was used to analyze cell viability. Protein expression and activation was detected by Western blotting. In addition, the effects of heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) inhibitors and osimertinib were studied in colony formation assays. Results Our laboratory generated osimertinib resistant cell lines from PC9 cell line and overexpression or activation of several proteins was detected. Hsp90 inhibitors, ganetespib and luminespib, inhibited cell viability and colony formation in H1975, PC9 and PC9-derived osimertinib-resistant cell lines and combination of these inhibitors with osimertinib achieved to enhance this cell viability and colony formation inhibition. Luminespib downregulated the expression of the several proteins involved in osimertinib-resistance and the combination of this compound plus osimertinib caused an important decrease of expression of several of these proteins, such as Stat3, Yap, Akt, EGFR and Met. Osimertinib activated the phosphorylation of several membrane receptors and downstream molecules that was partially inhibited by luminespib. In addition, a lung cancer patient with an EGFR eon 20 mutation had a partial radiographic response to ganetespib. Conclusions Hsp90 inhibitors and osimertinib exhibits a good efficiency to inhibit cell viability, colony formation and inhibits expression and activation of proteins involved in osimertinib-resistance and may represent an effective strategy for NSCLC with intrinsic resistance to osimertinib inhibition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Codony-Servat
- Laboratory of Oncology/Pangaea Oncology S.L., Quirón-Dexeus University Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Santiago Viteri
- Instituto Oncológico Dr. Rosell (IOR), Quirón-Dexeus University Institute, Barcelona, Spain.,Instituto Oncológico Dr. Rosell (IOR), Teknon Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carles Codony-Servat
- Laboratory of Oncology/Pangaea Oncology S.L., Quirón-Dexeus University Institute, Barcelona, Spain.,Laboratori de Recerca Translacional-CReST-IDIBELL, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Masaoki Ito
- Laboratory of Oncology/Pangaea Oncology S.L., Quirón-Dexeus University Institute, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Surgical Oncology, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | | | - Jordi Berenguer
- Laboratory of Oncology/Pangaea Oncology S.L., Quirón-Dexeus University Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Imane Chaib
- Catalan Institute of Oncology, Institut d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut, Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | - Miguel Angel Molina-Vila
- Laboratory of Oncology/Pangaea Oncology S.L., Quirón-Dexeus University Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Niki Karachaliou
- Instituto Oncológico Dr. Rosell (IOR), Sagrat Cor Hospital, Barcelona, Spain.,GCD Oncology, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Rafael Rosell
- Instituto Oncológico Dr. Rosell (IOR), Quirón-Dexeus University Institute, Barcelona, Spain.,Catalan Institute of Oncology, Institut d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut, Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Evans DM, Fang J, Silvers T, Delosh R, Laudeman J, Ogle C, Reinhart R, Selby M, Bowles L, Connelly J, Harris E, Krushkal J, Rubinstein L, Doroshow JH, Teicher BA. Exposure time versus cytotoxicity for anticancer agents. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2019; 84:359-371. [PMID: 31102023 PMCID: PMC8127868 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-019-03863-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Time is a critical factor in drug action. The duration of inhibition of the target or residence time of the drug molecule on the target often guides drug scheduling. METHODS The effects of time on the concentration-dependent cytotoxicity of approved and investigational agents [300 compounds] were examined in the NCI60 cell line panel in 2D at 2, 3, 7 and in 3D 11 days. RESULTS There was a moderate positive linear relationship between data from the 2-day NCI60 screen and the 3-, 7- and 11-day and a strong positive linear relationship between 3-, 7- and 11-day luminescence screen IC50s by Pearson correlation analysis. Cell growth inhibition by agents selective for a specific cell cycle phase plateaued when susceptible cells were growth inhibited or killed. As time increased the depth of cell growth inhibition increased without change in the IC50. DNA interactive agents had decreasing IC50s with increasing exposure time. Epigenetic agents required longer exposure times; several were only cytotoxic after 11 days' exposure. For HDAC inhibitors, time had little or no effect on concentration response. There were potency differences amongst the three BET bromodomain inhibitors tested, and an exposure duration effect. The PARP inhibitors, rucaparib, niraparib, and veliparib reached IC50s < 10 μM in some cell lines after 11 days. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that variations in compound exposure time may reflect either mechanism of action or compound chemical half-life. The activity of slow-acting compounds may optimally be assessed in spheroid models that can be monitored over prolonged incubation times.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David M Evans
- Molecular Pharmacology Group, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Jianwen Fang
- Biometric Research Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, 20852, USA
| | - Thomas Silvers
- Molecular Pharmacology Group, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Rene Delosh
- Molecular Pharmacology Group, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Julie Laudeman
- Molecular Pharmacology Group, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Chad Ogle
- Molecular Pharmacology Group, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Russell Reinhart
- Molecular Pharmacology Group, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Michael Selby
- Molecular Pharmacology Group, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Lori Bowles
- Molecular Pharmacology Group, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - John Connelly
- Molecular Pharmacology Group, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Erik Harris
- Molecular Pharmacology Group, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Julia Krushkal
- Biometric Research Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, 20852, USA
| | - Larry Rubinstein
- Biometric Research Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, 20852, USA
| | - James H Doroshow
- Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, 20852, USA
| | - Beverly A Teicher
- Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, 20852, USA.
- Molecular Pharmacology Branch, National Cancer Institute, RM 4-W602, MSC 9735, 9609 Medical Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Chen YL, Lin CC, Yang SC, Chen WL, Chen JR, Hou YH, Lu CC, Chow NH, Su WC, Ho CL. Five Technologies for Detecting the EGFR T790M Mutation in the Circulating Cell-Free DNA of Patients With Non-small Cell Lung Cancer: A Comparison. Front Oncol 2019; 9:631. [PMID: 31380273 PMCID: PMC6646711 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Third-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) were developed to overcome T790M-mediated resistance to earlier generations of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-targeted TKIs. We compared four well-established and one in-house method for the analysis of the EGFR T790M mutation in plasma cell-free DNA (cfDNA), in hope to find a better way to select non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients appropriate for 3rd-generation TKI therapy. For sensitivity levels of each method, plasmid DNA with EGFR T790M mutations was serially diluted with cfDNA from healthy controls with wild type EGFR. The clinical performance was analyzed in a clinical cohort of EGFR mutation-positive NSCLC patients with acquired EGFR TKI resistance (n = 40). All methods except the therascreen kit (Qiagen) had a sensitivity level of 10 copies of T790M plasmid DNA in the spiked specimen. The detection rates of the EGFR T790M mutation in plasma cfDNA from the clinical cohort were 42.5, 35, 32.5, 22.5, and 17.5% for the in-house ARMS method, Bio-Rad droplet digital PCR, PANAMutyper, Therascreen EGFR Plasma RGQ PCR Kit and Cobas EGFR Mutation kit (with suboptimal template amounts), respectively. Osimertinib was given to 17 of 20 patients with EGFR T790M mutations. The best treatment responses, based on the RECIST criteria, included 6 partial responses (PR) and 7 stable diseases (SD). The PANAMutyper and the Bio-Rad droplet digital PCR were comparable, the Cobas EGFR Mutation kit required significantly more template for testing. The best combination would be the in-house ARMS method plus the PANAMutyper or Bio-Rad droplet digital PCR, which would have a detection rate of 50% (20/40) and a disease control rate of 76% (13/17).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Lin Chen
- Molecular Diagnosis Laboratory, Department of Pathology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan.,Molecular Medicine Core Laboratory, Research Center of Clinical Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan.,Association of Medical Technologists, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Chung Lin
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Ching Yang
- Molecular Diagnosis Laboratory, Department of Pathology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan.,Molecular Medicine Core Laboratory, Research Center of Clinical Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Li Chen
- Molecular Diagnosis Laboratory, Department of Pathology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan.,Molecular Medicine Core Laboratory, Research Center of Clinical Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Jian-Rong Chen
- Molecular Diagnosis Laboratory, Department of Pathology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan.,Molecular Medicine Core Laboratory, Research Center of Clinical Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsin Hou
- Molecular Diagnosis Laboratory, Department of Pathology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan.,Molecular Medicine Core Laboratory, Research Center of Clinical Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Chan Lu
- Molecular Diagnosis Laboratory, Department of Pathology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan.,Molecular Medicine Core Laboratory, Research Center of Clinical Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Nan-Haw Chow
- Molecular Diagnosis Laboratory, Department of Pathology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan.,Molecular Medicine Core Laboratory, Research Center of Clinical Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Wu-Chou Su
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Liang Ho
- Molecular Diagnosis Laboratory, Department of Pathology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan.,Molecular Medicine Core Laboratory, Research Center of Clinical Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Wang X, Li W, Zhang N, Zheng X, Jing Z. Opportunities and challenges of co-targeting epidermal growth factor receptor and autophagy signaling in non-small cell lung cancer. Oncol Lett 2019; 18:499-506. [PMID: 31289521 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) are a standard therapy for patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with sensitive mutations. However, acquired resistance emerges following a median of 6-12 months. Several studies demonstrated that EGFR-TKI-induced tumor microenvironment stresses and autophagy are important causes of resistance. The current review summarizes the molecular mechanisms involved in EGFR-mediated regulation of autophagy. The role of autophagy in EGFR-TKI treatment, which may serve a role in protection or cell death, was discussed. Furthermore, co-inhibiting EGFR and autophagy signaling as a rational therapeutic strategy in the treatment of patients with NSCLC was explored.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoju Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hangzhou Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310002, P.R. China
| | - Wenxin Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hangzhou Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310002, P.R. China
| | - Ni Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hangzhou Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310002, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoli Zheng
- Cancer Research Institute, Hangzhou Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310002, P.R. China
| | - Zhao Jing
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hangzhou Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310002, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Clery E, Pisapia P, Vigliar E, Malapelle U, Bellevicine C, Troncone G, Schmitt FC. Role of Cytomorphology in the Era of Liquid Biopsy. Acta Cytol 2019; 63:497-505. [PMID: 30943469 DOI: 10.1159/000499338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In the late stages of non-small cell lung cancer, the detection of sensitizing mutations of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is mandatory to select patients' treatment with first- or second-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). In patients showing progressive disease, the assessment of the EGFR exon 20 resistance point mutation p.T790M is required for third-generation TKI administration. However, molecular analysis does not capture all the different mechanisms of resistance against these molecules. A variety of morphological changes associated with acquired resistance have also been described. Since an altered morphology may be the only clue to acquired resistance, cytopathology still plays a relevant role in this setting. In this comprehensive review, we have focused on the relevance of squamous cell carcinoma, small cell lung cancer and large-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma transitions from adenocarcinoma resistant to TKIs.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adenocarcinoma/blood
- Adenocarcinoma/diagnosis
- Adenocarcinoma/drug therapy
- Adenocarcinoma/genetics
- Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use
- Biomarkers, Tumor/blood
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/blood
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/diagnosis
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/genetics
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/blood
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/diagnosis
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/genetics
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics
- ErbB Receptors/antagonists & inhibitors
- ErbB Receptors/blood
- ErbB Receptors/genetics
- Humans
- Liquid Biopsy/methods
- Lung Neoplasms/blood
- Lung Neoplasms/diagnosis
- Lung Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Lung Neoplasms/genetics
- Monitoring, Physiologic
- Mutation
- Neoplastic Cells, Circulating/chemistry
- Neoplastic Cells, Circulating/pathology
- Precision Medicine/methods
- Prognosis
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/therapeutic use
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Clery
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Pasquale Pisapia
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Elena Vigliar
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Umberto Malapelle
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Claudio Bellevicine
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Troncone
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy,
| | - Fernando C Schmitt
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Porto, Portugal
- Department of Pathology, Medical Faculty of Porto University, Porto, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Oh AC, Lee JK, Kim JY, Jin HO, Jung JW, Chang YH, Hong YJ. Utilization of Archived Plasma to Detect Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Mutation in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients. Biopreserv Biobank 2019; 17:319-325. [PMID: 30888199 PMCID: PMC6703236 DOI: 10.1089/bio.2018.0126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Precision medicine has received increased attention as an effective approach for the treatment of cancer patients. Because of challenges associated with the availability of archived tissue, liquid biopsies are often performed to detect cancer-specific mutations. One of the major advantages of the liquid biopsy is that the treatment can be monitored longitudinally, even after the tumor tissue is no longer available. In a clinical setting, one component of precision medicine is the detection of cancer-specific mutations using archived samples. In this study, we evaluated the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation status of samples of lung cancer patients stored before introduction of the plasma EGFR test at our institution. The aim of this study was to validate the utility of archived plasma samples for detection of the EGFR mutation in nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. The Cobas® EGFR Mutation Test v2 was the first liquid biopsy test approved as a companion diagnostic test for patients with NSCLC treated with tyrosine kinase inhibitors. We tested for the EGFR mutation in 116 plasma samples archived in the biobank, and the results were compared with those obtained in the tissue or cytology EGFR mutation test. The EGFR mutation-positive rate from archived plasma was lower than that determined from tissue or cytology at 19.0% and 53.4%, respectively, and the concordance rate between the two tests was 58.6%. Of interest, five (4.3%) samples showed the T790M mutation in the plasma test, whereas this mutation was only detected in two (1.7%) tissue/cytology samples. Five (4.3%) samples were additionally positive in the plasma test. Overall, these results indicate that archived plasma samples can serve as an alternative source for the plasma EGFR mutation test when tissue samples are not available, and can improve precision medicine and long-term follow-up in a noninvasive manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ae-Chin Oh
- 1Department of Laboratory Medicine, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Kyung Lee
- 1Department of Laboratory Medicine, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,2KIRAMS Radiation Biobank, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Young Kim
- 2KIRAMS Radiation Biobank, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon-Ok Jin
- 2KIRAMS Radiation Biobank, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Won Jung
- 1Department of Laboratory Medicine, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Hwan Chang
- 1Department of Laboratory Medicine, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Jun Hong
- 1Department of Laboratory Medicine, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Rugo HS, Di Palma JA, Tripathy D, Bryce R, Moran S, Olek E, Bosserman L. The characterization, management, and future considerations for ErbB-family TKI-associated diarrhea. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2019; 175:5-15. [PMID: 30671765 PMCID: PMC6491395 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-018-05102-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Diarrhea is recognized as a common adverse event associated with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), with those targeting the ErbB family of receptors being associated with the highest rate of diarrhea. Methods This paper reviews data on the incidence, timing, and duration of diarrhea associated with US Food and Drug Administration-approved ErbB family-targeted TKIs from the published literature, and sets forth recommendations for management. Results In the absence of anti-diarrheal prophylaxis the incidence of any-grade diarrhea varies and typically occurs early during the course of treatment. Although it is difficult to determine if the incidence and severity of diarrhea is related to inhibition of a particular kinase target because of the multi-targeted and overlapping activity of many agents, evidence suggests that second-generation TKIs with broader target profiles (i.e., afatinib, lapatinib, neratinib) result in a higher incidence of diarrhea compared with highly specific first- (erlotinib, gefitinib) or third- (osimertinib) generation agents. The mechanisms responsible for TKI-associated diarrhea are not fully understood and are likely multi-factorial, involving dysregulated ion transport, inflammation, and mucosal injury. Management strategies have been developed—and continue to be refined—to prevent and reduce the severity and duration of TKI-associated diarrhea. For agents associated with more significant symptoms, anti-diarrheal prophylaxis reduces the incidence and severity of diarrhea, and ongoing studies are evaluating specific strategies to further reduce incidence and duration of TKI-associated diarrhea. Conclusions Continued investigations into risk factors and pharmacogenomic markers for diarrhea may further improve management of this common toxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hope S Rugo
- Department of Medicine (Hematology/Oncology), University of California San Francisco Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, 1600 Divisadero St., Box 1710, San Francisco, CA, 94143-1710, USA.
| | - Jack A Di Palma
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of South Alabama College of Medicine, 75 S. University Blvd., Mobile, AL, 36688, USA
| | - Debu Tripathy
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe, Unit 1354, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Richard Bryce
- Puma Biotechnology, Inc., 10880 Wilshire Blvd. Suite 2150, Los Angeles, CA, 90024, USA
| | - Susan Moran
- Puma Biotechnology, Inc., 701 Gateway Blvd, Suite 500, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA.,QED Therapeutics, 421 Kipling St, Palo Alto, CA, 94301, USA
| | - Elizabeth Olek
- Puma Biotechnology, Inc., 701 Gateway Blvd, Suite 500, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Linda Bosserman
- City of Hope Medical Group, Inc, 1500 E Duarte Rd, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Lazzari C, Gregorc V, Cangi MG, Giovannetti E, Bulotta A, Santarpia M. Combined exosomal RNA and circulating tumor DNA for epidermal growth factor mutation detection in non-small cell lung cancer. J Thorac Dis 2019; 10:S4023-S4027. [PMID: 30631545 DOI: 10.21037/jtd.2018.10.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Lazzari
- Department of Oncology, Division of Experimental Medicine, IRCCS San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Vanesa Gregorc
- Department of Oncology, Division of Experimental Medicine, IRCCS San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Giulia Cangi
- Unit of Pathology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisa Giovannetti
- Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,CNR-Nano, Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Pisa, Italy.,Cancer Pharmacology Lab, AIRC Start-Up Unit, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Alessandra Bulotta
- Department of Oncology, Division of Experimental Medicine, IRCCS San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Mariacarmela Santarpia
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Human Pathology of Adult and Evolutive Age "G. Barresi", University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Wang J, Cheng X, Lu Y, Zhou B. A case report of toxic epidermal necrolysis associated with AZD-9291. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2018; 12:2163-2167. [PMID: 30034220 PMCID: PMC6047856 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s168248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) are a strain of small molecule inhibitors mainly used to treat the metastatic non-small cell lung cancer. Their predominant adverse effect is skin toxicity, usually manifested as acneiform rash, skin fissure, xerosis, and paronychia. Severe epidermal necrosis and exfoliation rarely occur. As one of the new generation of epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitors, AZD-9291 is claimed to have better efficacy and fewer side effects, particularly appropriate for patients with EGFR T790M mutation. Herein we report a 51-year-old man who developed a large area of skin necrosis and was diagnosed with toxic epidermal necrolysis after AZD-9291 ingestion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wang
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, The People's Republic of China,
| | - XianYe Cheng
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, The People's Republic of China,
| | - Yan Lu
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, The People's Republic of China,
| | - BingRong Zhou
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, The People's Republic of China,
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Garinet S, Laurent-Puig P, Blons H, Oudart JB. Current and Future Molecular Testing in NSCLC, What Can We Expect from New Sequencing Technologies? J Clin Med 2018; 7:E144. [PMID: 29890761 PMCID: PMC6024886 DOI: 10.3390/jcm7060144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent changes in lung cancer care, including new approvals in first line and the introduction of high-throughput molecular technologies in routine testing led us to question ourselves on how deeper molecular testing may be helpful for the optimal use of targeted drugs. In this article, we review recent results in the scope of personalized medicine in lung cancer. We discuss biomarkers that have a therapeutic predictive value in lung cancer with a focus on recent changes and on the clinical value of large scale sequencing strategies. We review the use of second- and third-generation EGFR and ALK inhibitors with a focus on secondary resistance alterations. We discuss anti-BRAF and anti-MEK combo, emerging biomarkers as NRG1 and NTRKs fusions and immunotherapy. Finally, we discuss the different technical issues of comprehensive molecular profiling and show how large screenings might refine the prediction value of individual markers. Based on a review of recent publications (2012⁻2018), we address promising approaches for the treatment of patients with lung cancers and the technical challenges associated with the identification of new predictive markers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simon Garinet
- INSERM UMR-S1147, Paris Sorbonne Cite University, 75270 Paris Cedex 06, France.
- Department of Biochemistry, Unit of Pharmacogenetics and Molecular Oncology, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 75015 Paris, France.
| | - Pierre Laurent-Puig
- INSERM UMR-S1147, Paris Sorbonne Cite University, 75270 Paris Cedex 06, France.
- Department of Biochemistry, Unit of Pharmacogenetics and Molecular Oncology, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 75015 Paris, France.
| | - Hélène Blons
- INSERM UMR-S1147, Paris Sorbonne Cite University, 75270 Paris Cedex 06, France.
- Department of Biochemistry, Unit of Pharmacogenetics and Molecular Oncology, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 75015 Paris, France.
| | - Jean-Baptiste Oudart
- Department of Biochemistry, Unit of Pharmacogenetics and Molecular Oncology, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 75015 Paris, France.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Rybarczyk-Kasiuchnicz A, Ramlau R. Current views on molecularly targeted therapy for lung cancer - a review of literature from the last five years. KARDIOCHIRURGIA I TORAKOCHIRURGIA POLSKA = POLISH JOURNAL OF CARDIO-THORACIC SURGERY 2018; 15:119-124. [PMID: 30069193 PMCID: PMC6066673 DOI: 10.5114/kitp.2018.76478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer is the main cause of cancer-related deaths in Poland. Epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) are a new group of agents for non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. Determining the predictive value of activating mutations in the EGFR and ROS-1 genes and ALK rearrangement in non-small-cell lung cancer has enabled the identification of patients likely to achieve true clinical benefits. EGFR-TKIs may produce objective response in more than 60% of patients and prolong progression-free survival to 10 months in mutation-positive patients. No improvement of overall survival was shown in randomized trials. The era of immunotherapy implementing PD-1 and PD-L1 inhibitors has changed the face of lung cancer therapy. We aimed to review the literature on the use of EGFR-TKIs and immunotherapeutic agents for NSCLC patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Rodryg Ramlau
- Department of Oncology and Pulmonology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Meedendorp AD, Ter Elst A, 't Hart NA, Groen HJM, Schuuring E, van der Wekken AJ. Response to HER2 Inhibition in a Patient With Brain Metastasis With EGFR TKI Acquired Resistance and an HER2 Amplification. Front Oncol 2018; 8:176. [PMID: 29872644 PMCID: PMC5972286 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
A 62-year-old man was referred to our university hospital for treatment of advanced adenocarcinoma of the lung after disease progression on two lines of EGFR TKI and one line of chemotherapy. Fluorescent in situ hybridization analysis upon progression showed an HER2 amplification. At our weekly Molecular Tumor Board (MTB), a decision was made to treat this patient with afatinib, which resulted in a partial response. However, progression was observed with a facial nerve paresis due to a metastasis in the skull. A biopsy of a location in the thorax revealed the presence of an EGFR-T790M mutation associated with acquired resistance, after which treatment with osimertinib was started. After 6 months, disease progression was observed, and a new biopsy was taken from the pelvic bone, which revealed the original amplification of HER2 together with the EGFR-L858R mutation, the EGFR-T790M mutation was not detected. The MTB decided to treat the patient with trastuzumab/paclitaxel. A partial response was observed in different bone lesions, while the skull metastasis with ingrowth in the brain remained stable for 6 months. Because of progression of the bone metastases after 6 months, a biopsy of a lesion in the thorax wall was taken. In this lesion, the EGFR-T790M mutation could be detected again. The MTB advised to start treatment with a combination of osimertinib and afatinib. This resulted in an impressive clinical improvement and a partial response of the bone metastases on the most recent 18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography and computer tomography-scan. In conclusion, adjusting treatment to the mutational make-up of the tumor is a great challenge. For optimal treatment response multiple biopsies and re-biopsy upon progression are imperative. As more genes are investigated, treatment decision becomes increasingly difficult, therefore, expert opinions from an MTB is essential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arenda D Meedendorp
- University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Arja Ter Elst
- University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Nils A 't Hart
- University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Harry J M Groen
- University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Ed Schuuring
- University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Gregorc V, Lazzari C, Karachaliou N, Rosell R, Santarpia M. Osimertinib in untreated epidermal growth factor receptor ( EGFR)-mutated advanced non-small cell lung cancer. Transl Lung Cancer Res 2018; 7:S165-S170. [PMID: 29782558 DOI: 10.21037/tlcr.2018.03.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vanesa Gregorc
- Department of Oncology, Division of Experimental Medicine, IRCCS San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Lazzari
- Department of Oncology, Division of Experimental Medicine, IRCCS San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Niki Karachaliou
- Institute of Oncology Rosell (IOR), University Hospital Sagrat Cor, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rafael Rosell
- Cancer Biology and Precision Medicine Program, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute, Badalona, Spain.,Catalan Institute of Oncology, Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital, Badalona, Spain
| | - Mariacarmela Santarpia
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Human Pathology of Adult and Evolutive Age "G. Barresi", University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Zarogoulidis P, Huang H, Tsiouda T, Sardeli C, Trakada G, Veletza L, Kallianos A, Kosmidis C, Rapti A, Papaemmanouil L, Hatzibougias D, Drougas D, Bai C, Hohenforst-Schmidt W. Immunotherapy "Shock" with vitiligo due to nivolumab administration as third line therapy in lung adenocarcinoma. Respir Med Case Rep 2017; 22:283-286. [PMID: 29124007 PMCID: PMC5671388 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmcr.2017.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2017] [Revised: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer is still diagnosed at late stage due to the lack of early symptoms and methods of diagnostic prevention. In the past ten years several targeted therapies have been introduced or explored. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors and immunotherapy are currently considered the most effective and safe therapies in comparison to the non-specific cytotoxic agents. Regarding tyrosine kinase inhibitors the adverse effects have been fully explored, however; on the other hand for immunotherapy there are still several issues to be clarified. We report a rare case of a patient with lung cancer adenocarcinoma who developed vitiligo throughout his body after nivolumab administration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul Zarogoulidis
- Pulmonary-Oncology Department, "Theageneio" Anticancer Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Haidong Huang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Theodora Tsiouda
- Pulmonary-Oncology Department, "Theageneio" Anticancer Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Chrysa Sardeli
- Department of Pharmacology & Clinical Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Georgia Trakada
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Clinical Therapeutics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Alexandra Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Lemonia Veletza
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Clinical Therapeutics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Alexandra Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Anastasios Kallianos
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Clinical Therapeutics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Alexandra Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Aggeliki Rapti
- Second Pulmonary Clinic, "Sotiria" Chest Diseases Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Liana Papaemmanouil
- Pathology Department, "G. Papanikolaou" General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - Dimitrios Drougas
- Private Scientigraphy Department, "Bioiatriki", Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Chong Bai
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wolfgang Hohenforst-Schmidt
- Sana Clinic Group Franken, Department of Cardiology/Pulmonology/Intensive Care/Nephrology, "Hof'' Clinics, University of Erlangen, Hof, Germany
| |
Collapse
|