1
|
Naskar R, Ghosh A, Bhattacharya R, Chakraborty S. A critical appraisal of geroprotective activities of flavonoids in terms of their bio-accessibility and polypharmacology. Neurochem Int 2024:105859. [PMID: 39265701 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2024.105859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2024] [Revised: 09/03/2024] [Accepted: 09/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/14/2024]
Abstract
Flavonoids, a commonly consumed natural product, elicit health-benefits such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, anti-allergic, hepatoprotective, anti-carcinogenic and neuroprotective activities. Several studies have reported the beneficial role of flavonoids in improving memory, learning, and cognition in clinical settings. Their mechanism of action is mediated through the modulation of multiple signalling cascades. This polypharmacology makes them an attractive natural scaffold for designing and developing new effective therapeutics for complex neurological disorders like Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. Flavonoids are shown to inhibit crucial targets related to neurodegenerative disorders (NDDs), including acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase, β-secretase, γ-secretase, α-synuclein, Aβ protein aggregation and neurofibrillary tangles formation. Conserved neuro-signalling pathways related to neurotransmitter biogenesis and inactivation, ease of genetic manipulation and tractability, cost-effectiveness, and their short lifespan make Caenorhabditis elegans one of the most frequently used models in neuroscience research and high-throughput drug screening for neurodegenerative disorders. Here, we critically appraise the neuroprotective activities of different flavonoids based on clinical trials and epidemiological data. This review provides critical insights into the absorption, metabolism, and tissue distribution of various classes of flavonoids, as well as detailed mechanisms of the observed neuroprotective activities at the molecular level, to rationalize the clinical data. We further extend the review to critically evaluate the scope of flavonoids in the disease management of neurodegenerative disorders and review the suitability of C. elegans as a model organism to study the neuroprotective efficacy of flavonoids and natural products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roumi Naskar
- Center for Innovation in Molecular and Pharmaceutical Sciences (CIMPS), Dr. Reddy's Institute of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad Campus, Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500046, India
| | - Anirrban Ghosh
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Kolkata 700135, India
| | - Raja Bhattacharya
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Kolkata 700135, India.
| | - Sandipan Chakraborty
- Center for Innovation in Molecular and Pharmaceutical Sciences (CIMPS), Dr. Reddy's Institute of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad Campus, Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500046, India.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hackney JF, Broatch JE, Dallal RA, Brotherson C, Livingston S, Sabir Z, Reshi SM, Faltermeier Petras SR, Mallick S, Applegate MT, Mellor NJ, Buss K, Blain JM, Wagner CE, Jurutka PW, Marshall PA. Rexinoids Induce Differential Gene Expression in Human Glioblastoma Cells and Protein-Protein Interactions in a Yeast Two-Hybrid System. ACS Chem Neurosci 2024; 15:2897-2915. [PMID: 39012782 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.4c00286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Rexinoids are compounds that bind to the rexinoid X receptor (RXR) to modulate gene expression and have been proposed as a new class of therapeutics to treat Alzheimer's disease. Different rexinoids will initiate downstream effects that can be quite marked even though such compounds can be structurally similar and have comparable RXR binding affinities. RXR can both homo- and heterodimerize, and these protein-protein interactions and subsequent transactivating potential lead to differential gene expression, depending on the RXR dimeric partner, additional cofactors recruited, and downstream transcription factors that are up- or downregulated. Expression analysis was performed in the U87 human glioblastoma cell line treated with a panel of rexinoids, and our analysis demonstrated that rexinoids with similar RXR EC50 values can have pronounced differences in differential gene expression. Rexinoid binding likely leads to distinctive RXR conformations that cause major downstream gene expression alterations via modulation of RXR interacting proteins. Yeast two-hybrid analysis of RXR bait with two RXR interacting partners demonstrates that rexinoids drive differential binding of RXR to distinctive protein partners. Physiochemical analysis of the rexinoids reveals that the molecules cluster similarly to their gene expression patterns. Thus, rexinoids with similar RXR binding affinities drive differential gene expression by stimulating additional binding patterns in RXR and its homo- and heteropartners, driven by the physicochemical characteristics of these molecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer F Hackney
- School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, New College of Interdisciplinary Arts and Sciences, Arizona State University, Glendale, Arizona 85306, United States
| | - Jennifer E Broatch
- School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, New College of Interdisciplinary Arts and Sciences, Arizona State University, Glendale, Arizona 85306, United States
| | - Rita A Dallal
- School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, New College of Interdisciplinary Arts and Sciences, Arizona State University, Glendale, Arizona 85306, United States
| | - Christian Brotherson
- School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, New College of Interdisciplinary Arts and Sciences, Arizona State University, Glendale, Arizona 85306, United States
| | - Sarah Livingston
- School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, New College of Interdisciplinary Arts and Sciences, Arizona State University, Glendale, Arizona 85306, United States
| | - Zhela Sabir
- School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, New College of Interdisciplinary Arts and Sciences, Arizona State University, Glendale, Arizona 85306, United States
| | - Sabeeha Mushtaq Reshi
- School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, New College of Interdisciplinary Arts and Sciences, Arizona State University, Glendale, Arizona 85306, United States
| | - Samantha R Faltermeier Petras
- School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, New College of Interdisciplinary Arts and Sciences, Arizona State University, Glendale, Arizona 85306, United States
| | - Sanchita Mallick
- School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, New College of Interdisciplinary Arts and Sciences, Arizona State University, Glendale, Arizona 85306, United States
| | - Michael T Applegate
- School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, New College of Interdisciplinary Arts and Sciences, Arizona State University, Glendale, Arizona 85306, United States
| | - Nicholas J Mellor
- Genomics Core, Biosciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85281, United States
| | - Kristina Buss
- Genomics Core, Biosciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85281, United States
| | - Joy M Blain
- Genomics Core, Biosciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85281, United States
| | - Carl E Wagner
- School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, New College of Interdisciplinary Arts and Sciences, Arizona State University, Glendale, Arizona 85306, United States
| | - Peter W Jurutka
- School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, New College of Interdisciplinary Arts and Sciences, Arizona State University, Glendale, Arizona 85306, United States
| | - Pamela A Marshall
- School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, New College of Interdisciplinary Arts and Sciences, Arizona State University, Glendale, Arizona 85306, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Shukla H, John D, Banerjee S, Tiwari AK. Drug repurposing for neurodegenerative diseases. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2024; 207:249-319. [PMID: 38942541 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2024.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/30/2024]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) are neuronal problems that include the brain and spinal cord and result in loss of sensory and motor dysfunction. Common NDDs include Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), Huntington's disease (HD), Multiple Sclerosis (MS), and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) etc. The occurrence of these diseases increases with age and is one of the challenging problems among elderly people. Though, several scientific research has demonstrated the key pathologies associated with NDDs still the underlying mechanisms and molecular details are not well understood and need to be explored and this poses a lack of effective treatments for NDDs. Several lines of evidence have shown that NDDs have a high prevalence and affect more than a billion individuals globally but still, researchers need to work forward in identifying the best therapeutic target for NDDs. Thus, several researchers are working in the directions to find potential therapeutic targets to alter the disease pathology and treat the diseases. Several steps have been taken to identify the early detection of the disease and drug repurposing for effective treatment of NDDs. Moreover, it is logical that current medications are being evaluated for their efficacy in treating such disorders; therefore, drug repurposing would be an efficient, safe, and cost-effective way in finding out better medication. In the current manuscript we discussed the utilization of drugs that have been repurposed for the treatment of AD, PD, HD, MS, and ALS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Halak Shukla
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Institute of Advanced Research (IAR), Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Diana John
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Institute of Advanced Research (IAR), Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Shuvomoy Banerjee
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Institute of Advanced Research (IAR), Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Anand Krishna Tiwari
- Genetics and Developmental Biology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Institute of Advanced Research (IAR), Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Tavili E, Aziziyan F, Khajeh K. Inhibitors of amyloid fibril formation. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2024; 206:291-340. [PMID: 38811084 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2024.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Many diseases are caused by misfolded and denatured proteins, leading to neurodegenerative diseases. In recent decades researchers have developed a variety of compounds, including polymeric inhibitors and natural compounds, antibodies, and chaperones, to inhibit protein aggregation, decrease the toxic effects of amyloid fibrils, and facilitate refolding proteins. The causes and mechanisms of amyloid formation are still unclear, and there are no effective treatments for Amyloid diseases. This section describes research and achievements in the field of inhibiting amyloid accumulation and also discusses the importance of various strategies in facilitating the removal of aggregates species (refolding) in the treatment of neurological diseases such as chemical methods like as, small molecules, metal chelators, polymeric inhibitors, and nanomaterials, as well as the use of biomolecules (peptide and, protein, nucleic acid, and saccharide) as amyloid inhibitors, are also highlighted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elaheh Tavili
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Aziziyan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Khosro Khajeh
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Yan C, Grabowska ME, Dickson AL, Li B, Wen Z, Roden DM, Michael Stein C, Embí PJ, Peterson JF, Feng Q, Malin BA, Wei WQ. Leveraging generative AI to prioritize drug repurposing candidates for Alzheimer's disease with real-world clinical validation. NPJ Digit Med 2024; 7:46. [PMID: 38409350 PMCID: PMC10897392 DOI: 10.1038/s41746-024-01038-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Drug repurposing represents an attractive alternative to the costly and time-consuming process of new drug development, particularly for serious, widespread conditions with limited effective treatments, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). Emerging generative artificial intelligence (GAI) technologies like ChatGPT offer the promise of expediting the review and summary of scientific knowledge. To examine the feasibility of using GAI for identifying drug repurposing candidates, we iteratively tasked ChatGPT with proposing the twenty most promising drugs for repurposing in AD, and tested the top ten for risk of incident AD in exposed and unexposed individuals over age 65 in two large clinical datasets: (1) Vanderbilt University Medical Center and (2) the All of Us Research Program. Among the candidates suggested by ChatGPT, metformin, simvastatin, and losartan were associated with lower AD risk in meta-analysis. These findings suggest GAI technologies can assimilate scientific insights from an extensive Internet-based search space, helping to prioritize drug repurposing candidates and facilitate the treatment of diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Yan
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Monika E Grabowska
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Alyson L Dickson
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Bingshan Li
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Zhexing Wen
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Dan M Roden
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - C Michael Stein
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Peter J Embí
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Josh F Peterson
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - QiPing Feng
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Bradley A Malin
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Computer Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Wei-Qi Wei
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
- Department of Computer Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Smeralda W, Since M, Corvaisier S, Fayolle D, Cardin J, Duprey S, Jourdan JP, Cullin C, Malzert-Freon A. A Biomimetic Multiparametric Assay to Characterise Anti-Amyloid Drugs. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16982. [PMID: 38069305 PMCID: PMC10707238 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most widespread form of senile dementia worldwide and represents a leading socioeconomic problem in healthcare. Although it is widely debated, the aggregation of the amyloid β peptide (Aβ) is linked to the onset and progression of this neurodegenerative disease. Molecules capable of interfering with specific steps in the fibrillation process remain of pharmacological interest. To identify such compounds, we have set up a small molecule screening process combining multiple experimental methods (UV and florescence spectrometry, ITC, and ATR-FTIR) to identify and characterise potential modulators of Aβ1-42 fibrillation through the description of the biochemical interactions (molecule-membrane Aβ peptide). Three known modulators, namely bexarotene, Chicago sky blue and indomethacin, have been evaluated through this process, and their modulation mechanism in the presence of a biomembrane has been described. Such a well-adapted physico-chemical approach to drug discovery proves to be an undeniable asset for the rapid characterisation of compounds of therapeutic interest for Alzheimer's disease. This strategy could be adapted and transposed to search for modulators of other amyloids such as tau protein.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Willy Smeralda
- Normandie Université, UNICAEN, CERMN, Boulevard Becquerel, 14000 Caen, France; (W.S.); (S.C.); (D.F.); (J.-P.J.)
| | - Marc Since
- Normandie Université, UNICAEN, CERMN, Boulevard Becquerel, 14000 Caen, France; (W.S.); (S.C.); (D.F.); (J.-P.J.)
| | - Sophie Corvaisier
- Normandie Université, UNICAEN, CERMN, Boulevard Becquerel, 14000 Caen, France; (W.S.); (S.C.); (D.F.); (J.-P.J.)
| | - Dimitri Fayolle
- Normandie Université, UNICAEN, CERMN, Boulevard Becquerel, 14000 Caen, France; (W.S.); (S.C.); (D.F.); (J.-P.J.)
| | - Julien Cardin
- CIMAP, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, UMR6252 CNRS, CEA, Normandie Université, 6 Bd du Maréchal Juin, 14050 Caen, France; (J.C.); (S.D.)
| | - Sylvain Duprey
- CIMAP, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, UMR6252 CNRS, CEA, Normandie Université, 6 Bd du Maréchal Juin, 14050 Caen, France; (J.C.); (S.D.)
| | - Jean-Pierre Jourdan
- Normandie Université, UNICAEN, CERMN, Boulevard Becquerel, 14000 Caen, France; (W.S.); (S.C.); (D.F.); (J.-P.J.)
- Pharmacie à Usage Intérieur, Centre Hospitalier de Vire, Normandie, 14504 Vire, France
| | | | - Aurélie Malzert-Freon
- Normandie Université, UNICAEN, CERMN, Boulevard Becquerel, 14000 Caen, France; (W.S.); (S.C.); (D.F.); (J.-P.J.)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Gupta R, Advani D, Yadav D, Ambasta RK, Kumar P. Dissecting the Relationship Between Neuropsychiatric and Neurodegenerative Disorders. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:6476-6529. [PMID: 37458987 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03502-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) and neuropsychiatric disorders (NPDs) are two common causes of death in elderly people, which includes progressive neuronal cell death and behavioral changes. NDDs include Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, multiple sclerosis, and motor neuron disease, characterized by cognitive defects and memory impairment, whereas NPDs include depression, seizures, migraine headaches, eating disorders, addictions, palsies, major depressive disorders, anxiety, and schizophrenia, characterized by behavioral changes. Mounting evidence demonstrated that NDDs and NPDs share an overlapping mechanism, which includes post-translational modifications, the microbiota-gut-brain axis, and signaling events. Mounting evidence demonstrated that various drug molecules, namely, natural compounds, repurposed drugs, multitarget directed ligands, and RNAs, have been potentially implemented as therapeutic agents against NDDs and NPDs. Herein, we highlighted the overlapping mechanism, the role of anxiety/stress-releasing factors, cytosol-to-nucleus signaling, and the microbiota-gut-brain axis in the pathophysiology of NDDs and NPDs. We summarize the therapeutic application of natural compounds, repurposed drugs, and multitarget-directed ligands as therapeutic agents. Lastly, we briefly described the application of RNA interferences as therapeutic agents in the pathogenesis of NDDs and NPDs. Neurodegenerative diseases and neuropsychiatric diseases both share a common signaling molecule and molecular phenomenon, namely, pro-inflammatory cytokines, γCaMKII and MAPK/ERK, chemokine receptors, BBB permeability, and the gut-microbiota-brain axis. Studies have demonstrated that any alterations in the signaling mentioned above molecules and molecular phenomena lead to the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases, namely, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and neuropsychiatric disorders, such as bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, depression, anxiety, autism spectrum disorder, and post-traumatic stress disorder.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rohan Gupta
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Shahbad Daulatpur, Bawana Road, New Delhi, Delhi, 110042, India
| | - Dia Advani
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Shahbad Daulatpur, Bawana Road, New Delhi, Delhi, 110042, India
| | - Divya Yadav
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Shahbad Daulatpur, Bawana Road, New Delhi, Delhi, 110042, India
| | - Rashmi K Ambasta
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Shahbad Daulatpur, Bawana Road, New Delhi, Delhi, 110042, India
| | - Pravir Kumar
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Shahbad Daulatpur, Bawana Road, New Delhi, Delhi, 110042, India.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kim J, Jeon H, Yun Kim H, Kim Y. Failure, Success, and Future Direction of Alzheimer Drugs Targeting Amyloid-β Cascade: Pros and Cons of Chemical and Biological Modalities. Chembiochem 2023; 24:e202300328. [PMID: 37497809 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202300328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent cause of dementia and has become a health concern worldwide urging for an effective therapeutic. The amyloid hypothesis, currently the most pursued basis of AD drug discovery, points the cause of AD to abnormal production and ineffective removal of pathogenic aggregated amyloid-β (Aβ). AD therapeutic research has been focused on targeting different species of Aβ in the amyloidogenic process to control Aβ content and recover cognitive decline. Among the different processes targeted, the clearance mechanism has been found to be the most effective, supported by the recent clinical approval of an Aβ-targeting immunotherapeutic drug which significantly slowed cognitive decline. Although the current AD drug discovery field is extensively researching immunotherapeutic drugs, there are numerous properties of immunotherapy in need of improvements that could be overcome by an equally performing chemical drug. Here, we review chemical and immunotherapy drug candidates, based on their mechanism of modulating the amyloid cascade, selected from the AlzForum database. Through this review, we aim to summarize and evaluate the prospect of Aβ-targeting chemical drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- JiMin Kim
- Department of Pharmacy and Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon, 21983, South Korea
| | - Hanna Jeon
- Department of Pharmacy and Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon, 21983, South Korea
| | - Hye Yun Kim
- Department of Pharmacy and Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon, 21983, South Korea
| | - YoungSoo Kim
- Department of Pharmacy and Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon, 21983, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Sofińska K, Batys P, Cernescu A, Ghosh D, Skirlińska-Nosek K, Barbasz J, Seweryn S, Wilkosz N, Riek R, Szymoński M, Lipiec E. Nanoscale insights into the local structural rearrangements of amyloid-β induced by bexarotene. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:14606-14614. [PMID: 37614107 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr01608k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
A better understanding of the abnormal protein aggregation and the effect of anti-aggregation agents on the fibrillation pathways and the secondary structure of aggregates can determine strategies for the early treatment of dementia. Herein, we present a combination of experimental and theoretical studies providing new insights into the influence of the anti-aggregation drug bexarotene on the secondary structure of individual amyloid-β aggregates and its primary aggregation. The molecular rearrangements and the spatial distribution of β-sheets within individual aggregates were monitored at the nanoscale with infrared nanospectroscopy. We observed that bexarotene limits the parallel β-sheets formation, known to be highly abundant in fibrils at later phases of the amyloid-β aggregation composed of in-register cross-β structure. Moreover, we applied molecular dynamics to provide molecular-level insights into the investigated system. Both theoretical and experimental results revealed that bexarotene slows down the protein aggregation process via steric effects, largely prohibiting the antiparallel to parallel β-sheet rearrangement. We also found that bexarotene interacts not only via the single hydrogen bond formation with the peptide backbone but also with the amino acid side residue via a hydrophobic effect. The studied model of the drug-amyloid-β interaction contributes to a better understanding of the inhibition mechanism of the amyloid-β aggregation by the small molecule drugs. However, our nanoscale findings need to meet in vivo research requiring different analytical approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kamila Sofińska
- Jagiellonian University, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, M. Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Łojasiewicza 11, 30-348 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Piotr Batys
- Jerzy Haber Institute of Catalysis and Surface Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 8, 30-239 Krakow, Poland
| | | | - Dhiman Ghosh
- ETH Zürich, Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Katarzyna Skirlińska-Nosek
- Jagiellonian University, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, M. Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Łojasiewicza 11, 30-348 Krakow, Poland.
- Jagiellonian University, Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - Jakub Barbasz
- Jerzy Haber Institute of Catalysis and Surface Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 8, 30-239 Krakow, Poland
| | - Sara Seweryn
- Jagiellonian University, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, M. Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Łojasiewicza 11, 30-348 Krakow, Poland.
- Jagiellonian University, Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - Natalia Wilkosz
- Jagiellonian University, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, M. Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Łojasiewicza 11, 30-348 Krakow, Poland.
- AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, Reymonta 19, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
| | - Roland Riek
- ETH Zürich, Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Marek Szymoński
- Jagiellonian University, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, M. Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Łojasiewicza 11, 30-348 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Ewelina Lipiec
- Jagiellonian University, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, M. Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Łojasiewicza 11, 30-348 Krakow, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Cores Á, Carmona-Zafra N, Clerigué J, Villacampa M, Menéndez JC. Quinones as Neuroprotective Agents. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1464. [PMID: 37508002 PMCID: PMC10376830 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12071464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Quinones can in principle be viewed as a double-edged sword in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, since they are often cytoprotective but can also be cytotoxic due to covalent and redox modification of biomolecules. Nevertheless, low doses of moderately electrophilic quinones are generally cytoprotective, mainly due to their ability to activate the Keap1/Nrf2 pathway and thus induce the expression of detoxifying enzymes. Some natural quinones have relevant roles in important physiological processes. One of them is coenzyme Q10, which takes part in the oxidative phosphorylation processes involved in cell energy production, as a proton and electron carrier in the mitochondrial respiratory chain, and shows neuroprotective effects relevant to Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. Additional neuroprotective quinones that can be regarded as coenzyme Q10 analogues are idobenone, mitoquinone and plastoquinone. Other endogenous quinones with neuroprotective activities include tocopherol-derived quinones, most notably vatiquinone, and vitamin K. A final group of non-endogenous quinones with neuroprotective activity is discussed, comprising embelin, APX-3330, cannabinoid-derived quinones, asterriquinones and other indolylquinones, pyrroloquinolinequinone and its analogues, geldanamycin and its analogues, rifampicin quinone, memoquin and a number of hybrid structures combining quinones with amino acids, cholinesterase inhibitors and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ángel Cores
- Unidad de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica, Departamento de Química en Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, Plaza de Ramón y Cajal sn, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Noelia Carmona-Zafra
- Unidad de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica, Departamento de Química en Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, Plaza de Ramón y Cajal sn, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - José Clerigué
- Unidad de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica, Departamento de Química en Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, Plaza de Ramón y Cajal sn, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Mercedes Villacampa
- Unidad de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica, Departamento de Química en Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, Plaza de Ramón y Cajal sn, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - J Carlos Menéndez
- Unidad de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica, Departamento de Química en Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, Plaza de Ramón y Cajal sn, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Wei WQ, Yan C, Grabowska M, Dickson A, Li B, Wen Z, Roden D, Stein C, Embí P, Peterson J, Feng Q, Malin B. Leveraging Generative AI to Prioritize Drug Repurposing Candidates: Validating Identified Candidates for Alzheimer's Disease in Real-World Clinical Datasets. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-3125859. [PMID: 37503019 PMCID: PMC10371084 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3125859/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Drug repurposing represents an attractive alternative to the costly and time-consuming process of new drug development, particularly for serious, widespread conditions with limited effective treatments, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). Emerging generative artificial intelligence (GAI) technologies like ChatGPT offer the promise of expediting the review and summary of scientific knowledge. To examine the feasibility of using GAI for identifying drug repurposing candidates, we iteratively tasked ChatGPT with proposing the twenty most promising drugs for repurposing in AD, and tested the top ten for risk of incident AD in exposed and unexposed individuals over age 65 in two large clinical datasets: 1) Vanderbilt University Medical Center and 2) the All of Us Research Program. Among the candidates suggested by ChatGPT, metformin, simvastatin, and losartan were associated with lower AD risk in meta-analysis. These findings suggest GAI technologies can assimilate scientific insights from an extensive Internet-based search space, helping to prioritize drug repurposing candidates and facilitate the treatment of diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Chao Yan
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center
| | | | | | | | | | - Dan Roden
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center
| | - C Stein
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Khan AN, Khan RH. Protein misfolding and related human diseases: A comprehensive review of toxicity, proteins involved, and current therapeutic strategies. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 223:143-160. [PMID: 36356861 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Most of the cell's chemical reactions and structural components are facilitated by proteins. But proteins are highly dynamic molecules, where numerous modifications or changes in the cellular environment can affect their native conformational fold leading to protein aggregation. Various stress conditions, such as oxidative stress, mutations and metal toxicity may cause protein misfolding and aggregation by shifting the conformational equilibrium towards more aggregation-prone states. Most of the protein misfolding diseases (PMDs) involve aggregation of protein. We have discussed such proteins like Aβ peptide, α-synuclein, amylin and lysozyme involved in Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, type II diabetes and non-neuropathic systemic amyloidosis respectively. Till date, all advances in PMDs therapeutics help symptomatically but do not prevent the root cause of the disease, i.e., the aggregation of protein involved in the diseases. Current efforts focused on developing therapies for PMDs have employed diverse strategies; repositioning pre-existing drugs as it saves time and money; natural compounds that are touted as potential drug candidates have an advantage of being taken in diet normally and will induce lesser side effects. This review also covers recently developed therapeutic strategies like antisense drugs and disaggregases which has yielded therapeutic agents that have transitioned from preclinical studies into human clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Asra Nasir Khan
- Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, AMU, Aligarh 202002, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Kakoti BB, Bezbaruah R, Ahmed N. Therapeutic drug repositioning with special emphasis on neurodegenerative diseases: Threats and issues. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1007315. [PMID: 36263141 PMCID: PMC9574100 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1007315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug repositioning or repurposing is the process of discovering leading-edge indications for authorized or declined/abandoned molecules for use in different diseases. This approach revitalizes the traditional drug discovery method by revealing new therapeutic applications for existing drugs. There are numerous studies available that highlight the triumph of several drugs as repurposed therapeutics. For example, sildenafil to aspirin, thalidomide to adalimumab, and so on. Millions of people worldwide are affected by neurodegenerative diseases. According to a 2021 report, the Alzheimer's disease Association estimates that 6.2 million Americans are detected with Alzheimer's disease. By 2030, approximately 1.2 million people in the United States possibly acquire Parkinson's disease. Drugs that act on a single molecular target benefit people suffering from neurodegenerative diseases. Current pharmacological approaches, on the other hand, are constrained in their capacity to unquestionably alter the course of the disease and provide patients with inadequate and momentary benefits. Drug repositioning-based approaches appear to be very pertinent, expense- and time-reducing strategies for the enhancement of medicinal opportunities for such diseases in the current era. Kinase inhibitors, for example, which were developed for various oncology indications, demonstrated significant neuroprotective effects in neurodegenerative diseases. This review expounds on the classical and recent examples of drug repositioning at various stages of drug development, with a special focus on neurodegenerative disorders and the aspects of threats and issues viz. the regulatory, scientific, and economic aspects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bibhuti Bhusan Kakoti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, India
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Behl T, Kaur D, Sehgal A, Singla RK, Makeen HA, Albratty M, Alhazmi HA, Meraya AM, Bungau S. Therapeutic insights elaborating the potential of retinoids in Alzheimer’s disease. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:976799. [PMID: 36091826 PMCID: PMC9453874 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.976799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is perceived with various pathophysiological characteristics such oxidative stress, senile plaques, neuroinflammation, altered neurotransmission immunological changes, neurodegenerative pathways, and age-linked alterations. A great deal of studies even now are carried out for comprehensive understanding of pathological processes of AD, though many agents are in clinical trials for the treatment of AD. Retinoids and retinoic acid receptors (RARs) are pertinent to such attributes of the disease. Retinoids support the proper functioning of the immunological pathways, and are very potent immunomodulators. The nervous system relies heavily on retinoic acid signaling. The disruption of retinoid signaling relates to several pathogenic mechanisms in the normal brain. Retinoids play critical functions in the neuronal organization, differentiation, and axonal growth in the normal functioning of the brain. Disturbed retinoic acid signaling causes inflammatory responses, mitochondrial impairment, oxidative stress, and neurodegeneration, leading to Alzheimer’s disease (AD) progression. Retinoids interfere with the production and release of neuroinflammatory chemokines and cytokines which are located to be activated in the pathogenesis of AD. Also, stimulating nuclear retinoid receptors reduces amyloid aggregation, lowers neurodegeneration, and thus restricts Alzheimer’s disease progression in preclinical studies. We outlined the physiology of retinoids in this review, focusing on their possible neuroprotective actions, which will aid in elucidating the critical function of such receptors in AD pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tapan Behl
- School of Health Sciences, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
- *Correspondence: Tapan Behl, ; Simona Bungau,
| | - Dapinder Kaur
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India
| | - Aayush Sehgal
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India
| | - Rajeev K. Singla
- Institutes for Sytems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- iGlobal Research and Publishing Foundation, New Delhi, India
| | - Hafiz A. Makeen
- Pharmacy Practice Research Unit, Clinical Pharmacy Department, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Albratty
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hassan A. Alhazmi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
- Substance Abuse and Toxicology Research Center, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulkarim M. Meraya
- Pharmacy Practice Research Unit, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Simona Bungau
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania
- Doctoral School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania
- *Correspondence: Tapan Behl, ; Simona Bungau,
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Agarwal K, Katare DP, Jakhmola-Mani R. Foresee novel targets for Alzheimer's disease by investigating repurposed drugs. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS DRUG TARGETS 2022; 22:CNSNDDT-EPUB-124719. [PMID: 35733313 DOI: 10.2174/1871527321666220622162622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is the most rampant neurodegenerative disorder which has caused havoc worldwide. More than a century has passed since the first case of AD was reported, but still no stable treatment is known to mankind. The available medications only provide temporary relief and are not a cure for the disease. The hunt for advanced techniques in drug development has paved the way for drug repurposing, i.e., repositioning or reutilizing drugs as an innovative approach. METHODOLOGY Several drugs which were repurposed for AD were collected by following PRISMA 2020 systemic review. Databases like PubMed, ScienceDirect, JSTOR, and SciELO were used for data extraction. Further, Drugbank database was used to download all the identified drugs. Later, the Swiss Target Prediction tool was used to identify protein receptors for these drugs and the biological pathway followed by them. RESULTS Drugs like Zileuton, Salbutamol, Baricitinib, Carmustine, Paclitaxel, and Nilotinib were observed to be involved in regulation of neurotransmitters. Similarly, Metformin, Liraglutide, UDCA, and Bexarotene are involved in protein kinase cascades which also is one of the prime processes in metabolic disorders like AD. Furthermore, drugs like Rosiglitazone, Pioglitazone, and Lonafarnib are involved in interleukin-3 biosynthetic processes, which is again one of the most important processes studied in AD treatment. CONCLUSION The study concluded that the reviewed drugs that follow similar biological and molecular processes can be repurposed for AD if chosen judiciously with current medications and thus drug repurposing is a promising approach that can be utilized to find a cure for AD within a brief time and fewer resources compared to de novo drug synthesis. Although certain loopholes still need to be worked upon, the technique has great prospects. Furthermore, in silico methods can be utilized to justify the findings and identify the best drug candidate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kritie Agarwal
- Proteomics and Translational Research Lab, Centre for Medical Biotechnology, Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida. India
| | - Deepshikha Pande Katare
- Proteomics and Translational Research Lab, Centre for Medical Biotechnology, Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida. India
| | - Ruchi Jakhmola-Mani
- Proteomics and Translational Research Lab, Centre for Medical Biotechnology, Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida. India
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Thiel W, Esposito EJ, Findley AP, Blume ZI, Mitchell DM. Modulation of retinoid-X-receptors differentially regulates expression of apolipoprotein genes apoc1 and apoeb by zebrafish microglia. Biol Open 2021; 11:273656. [PMID: 34878094 PMCID: PMC8822359 DOI: 10.1242/bio.058990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcriptome analyses performed in both human and zebrafish indicate strong expression of Apoe and Apoc1 by microglia. Apoe expression by microglia is well appreciated, but Apoc1 expression has not been well-examined. PPAR/RXR and LXR/RXR receptors appear to regulate expression of the apolipoprotein gene cluster in macrophages, but a similar role in microglia in vivo has not been studied. Here, we characterized microglial expression of apoc1 in the zebrafish central nervous system (CNS) in situ and demonstrate that in the CNS, apoc1 expression is unique to microglia. We then examined the effects of PPAR/RXR and LXR/RXR modulation on microglial expression of apoc1 and apoeb during early CNS development using a pharmacological approach. Changes in apoc1 and apoeb transcripts in response to pharmacological modulation were quantified by RT-qPCR in whole heads, and in individual microglia using hybridization chain reaction (HCR) in situ hybridization. We found that expression of apoc1 and apoeb by microglia were differentially regulated by LXR/RXR and PPAR/RXR modulating compounds, respectively, during development. Our results also suggest RXR receptors could be involved in endogenous induction of apoc1 expression by microglia. Collectively, our work supports the use of zebrafish to better understand regulation and function of these apolipoproteins in the CNS. Summary: Here we investigate expression of two apolipoprotein genes by microglia in the zebrafish model during normal development, and in contexts of pharmacological manipulations that target candidate regulatory receptors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Whitney Thiel
- Biological Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844, Russia
| | - Emma J Esposito
- Biological Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844, Russia
| | - Anna P Findley
- Biological Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844, Russia
| | - Zachary I Blume
- Biological Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844, Russia
| | - Diana M Mitchell
- Biological Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Biyong EF, Tremblay C, Leclerc M, Caron V, Alfos S, Helbling JC, Rodriguez L, Pernet V, Bennett DA, Pallet V, Calon F. Role of Retinoid X Receptors (RXRs) and dietary vitamin A in Alzheimer's disease: Evidence from clinicopathological and preclinical studies. Neurobiol Dis 2021; 161:105542. [PMID: 34737043 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2021.105542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin A (VitA), via its active metabolite retinoic acid (RA), is critical for the maintenance of memory function with advancing age. Although its role in Alzheimer's disease (AD) is not well understood, data suggest that impaired brain VitA signaling is associated with the accumulation of β-amyloid peptides (Aβ), and could thus contribute to the onset of AD. METHODS We evaluated the protective action of a six-month-long dietary VitA-supplementation (20 IU/g), starting at 8 months of age, on the memory and the neuropathology of the 3xTg-AD mouse model of AD (n = 11-14/group; including 4-6 females and 7-8 males). We also measured protein levels of Retinoic Acid Receptor β (RARβ) and Retinoid X Receptor γ (RXRγ) in homogenates from the inferior parietal cortex of 60 participants of the Religious Orders study (ROS) divided in three groups: no cognitive impairment (NCI) (n = 20), mild cognitive impairment (MCI) (n = 20) and AD (n = 20). RESULTS The VitA-enriched diet preserved spatial memory of 3xTg-AD mice in the Y maze. VitA-supplementation affected hippocampal RXR expression in an opposite way according to sex by tending to increase in males and decrease in females their mRNA expression. VitA-enriched diet also reduced the amount of hippocampal Aβ40 and Aβ42, as well as the phosphorylation of tau protein at sites Ser396/Ser404 (PHF-1) in males. VitA-supplementation had no effect on tau phosphorylation in females but worsened their hippocampal Aβ load. However, the expression of Rxr-β in the hippocampus was negatively correlated with the amount of both soluble and insoluble Aβ in both males and females. Western immunoblotting in the human cortical samples of the ROS study did not reveal differences in RARβ levels. However, it evidenced a switch from a 60-kDa-RXRγ to a 55-kDa-RXRγ in AD, correlating with ante mortem cognitive decline and the accumulation of neuritic plaques in the brain cortex. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that (i) an altered expression of RXRs receptors is a contributor to β-amyloid pathology in both humans and 3xTg-AD mice, (ii) a chronic exposure of 3xTg-AD mice to a VitA-enriched diet may be protective in males, but not in females.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Essi F Biyong
- Univ. Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, UMR 1286, F-33000 Bordeaux, France; Faculté de pharmacie, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada; Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval (CHUL), Axe Neurosciences, 2705 Boulevard Laurier, Québec, Québec, Canada; Institut sur la Nutrition et les Aliments Fonctionnels (INAF), Québec, Québec, Canada; LIA OptiNutriBrain - Laboratoire International Associé (NutriNeuro France-INAF Canada), Canada
| | - Cyntia Tremblay
- Faculté de pharmacie, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada; Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval (CHUL), Axe Neurosciences, 2705 Boulevard Laurier, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Manon Leclerc
- Faculté de pharmacie, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada; Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval (CHUL), Axe Neurosciences, 2705 Boulevard Laurier, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Vicky Caron
- Faculté de pharmacie, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada; Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval (CHUL), Axe Neurosciences, 2705 Boulevard Laurier, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Serge Alfos
- Univ. Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, UMR 1286, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Léa Rodriguez
- CUO-Recherche, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Québec, QC, Canada; Département d'ophtalmologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Vincent Pernet
- CUO-Recherche, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Québec, QC, Canada; Département d'ophtalmologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - David A Bennett
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Véronique Pallet
- Univ. Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, UMR 1286, F-33000 Bordeaux, France; LIA OptiNutriBrain - Laboratoire International Associé (NutriNeuro France-INAF Canada), Canada
| | - Frédéric Calon
- Faculté de pharmacie, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada; Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval (CHUL), Axe Neurosciences, 2705 Boulevard Laurier, Québec, Québec, Canada; Institut sur la Nutrition et les Aliments Fonctionnels (INAF), Québec, Québec, Canada; LIA OptiNutriBrain - Laboratoire International Associé (NutriNeuro France-INAF Canada), Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
RXR – centralny regulator wielu ścieżek sygnałowych w organizmie. POSTEP HIG MED DOSW 2021. [DOI: 10.2478/ahem-2021-0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstrakt
Receptory jądrowe (NRs) tworzą największą nadrodzinę czynników transkrypcyjnych, które odgrywają ważną rolę w regulacji wielu procesów biologicznych. Receptor kwasu 9-cis-retinowego (RXR) wydaje się odgrywać szczególną rolę wśród tej grupy białek, a to ma związek z jego zdolnością do tworzenia dimerów z innymi NRs. Ze względu na kontrolę ekspresji wielu genów, RXR stanowi bardzo dobry cel licznych terapii. Nieprawidłowości w szlakach modulowanych przez RXR są powiązane m.in. z chorobami neurodegeneracyjnymi, otyłością, cukrzycą, a także nowotworami. Istnieje wiele związków mogących regulować aktywność transkrypcyjną RXR. Jednak obecnie dopuszczonych do użytku klinicznego jest tylko kilka z nich. Retinoidy normalizują wzrost i różnicowanie komórek skóry i błon śluzowych, ponadto działają immunomodulująco oraz przeciwzapalnie. Stąd są stosowane przede wszystkim w chorobach skóry i w terapii niektórych chorób nowotworowych. W artykule przedstawiono ogólne wiadomości na temat RXR, jego budowy, ligandów i mechanizmu działania oraz potencjalnej roli w terapii nowotworów i zespołu metabolicznego.
Collapse
|
19
|
Singh RK. Recent Trends in the Management of Alzheimer's Disease: Current Therapeutic Options and Drug Repurposing Approaches. Curr Neuropharmacol 2021; 18:868-882. [PMID: 31989900 PMCID: PMC7569317 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x18666200128121920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is one of the most progressive forms of dementia, ultimately leading to death in aged populations. The major hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease include deposition of extracellular amyloid senile plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles in brain neuronal cells. Although there are classical therapeutic options available for the treatment of the diseases, however, they provide only a symptomatic relief and do not modify the molecular pathophysiological course of the disease. Recent research advances in Alzheimer's disease have highlighted the potential role of anti-amyloid, anti-tau, and anti-inflammatory therapies. However, these therapies are still in different phases of pre-clinical/clinical development. In addition, drug repositioning/repurposing is another interesting and promising approach to explore rationalized options for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. This review discusses the different aspects of the pathophysiological mechanism involved in the progression of Alzheimer's disease along with the limitations of current therapies. Furthermore, this review also highlights emerging investigational drugs along with recent drug repurposing approaches for Alzheimer's disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh K Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Manesar, Gurgaon-122413, Haryana, India,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research,
Raebareli. Transit Campus, Bijnour-Sisendi Road, Sarojini Nagar, Lucknow-226002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Jain P, Jain SK, Jain M. Harnessing Drug Repurposing for Exploration of New Diseases: An Insight to Strategies and Case Studies. Curr Mol Med 2021; 21:111-132. [PMID: 32560606 DOI: 10.2174/1566524020666200619125404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traditional drug discovery is time consuming, costly, and risky process. Owing to the large investment, excessive attrition, and declined output, drug repurposing has become a blooming approach for the identification and development of new therapeutics. The method has gained momentum in the past few years and has resulted in many excellent discoveries. Industries are resurrecting the failed and shelved drugs to save time and cost. The process accounts for approximately 30% of the new US Food and Drug Administration approved drugs and vaccines in recent years. METHODS A systematic literature search using appropriate keywords were made to identify articles discussing the different strategies being adopted for repurposing and various drugs that have been/are being repurposed. RESULTS This review aims to describe the comprehensive data about the various strategies (Blinded search, computational approaches, and experimental approaches) used for the repurposing along with success case studies (treatment for orphan diseases, neglected tropical disease, neurodegenerative diseases, and drugs for pediatric population). It also inculcates an elaborated list of more than 100 drugs that have been repositioned, approaches adopted, and their present clinical status. We have also attempted to incorporate the different databases used for computational repurposing. CONCLUSION The data presented is proof that drug repurposing is a prolific approach circumventing the issues poised by conventional drug discovery approaches. It is a highly promising approach and when combined with sophisticated computational tools, it also carries high precision. The review would help researches in prioritizing the drugrepositioning method much needed to flourish the drug discovery research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Priti Jain
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Computational Chemistry, R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur, Dhule (425405) Maharashtra, India
| | - Shreyans K Jain
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Munendra Jain
- SVKM's Department of Sciences, Narsee Monjee Institute of Management Studies, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Upreti C, Woodruff CM, Zhang XL, Yim MJ, Zhou ZY, Pagano AM, Rehanian DS, Yin D, Kandel ER, Stanton PK, Nicholls RE. Loss of retinoid X receptor gamma subunit impairs group 1 mGluR mediated electrophysiological responses and group 1 mGluR dependent behaviors. Sci Rep 2021; 11:5552. [PMID: 33692389 PMCID: PMC7946894 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-84943-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinoid X receptors are members of the nuclear receptor family that regulate gene expression in response to retinoic acid and related ligands. Group 1 metabotropic glutamate receptors are G-protein coupled transmembrane receptors that activate intracellular signaling cascades in response to the neurotransmitter, glutamate. These two classes of molecules have been studied independently and found to play important roles in regulating neuronal physiology with potential clinical implications for disorders such as depression, schizophrenia, Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease. Here we show that mice lacking the retinoid X receptor subunit, RXRγ, exhibit impairments in group 1 mGluR-mediated electrophysiological responses at hippocampal Schaffer collateral-CA1 pyramidal cell synapses, including impaired group 1 mGluR-dependent long-term synaptic depression (LTD), reduced group 1 mGluR-induced calcium release, and loss of group 1 mGluR-activated voltage-sensitive currents. These animals also exhibit impairments in a subset of group 1 mGluR-dependent behaviors, including motor performance, spatial object recognition, and prepulse inhibition. Together, these observations demonstrate convergence between the RXRγ and group 1 mGluR signaling pathways that may function to coordinate their regulation of neuronal activity. They also identify RXRγ as a potential target for the treatment of disorders in which group 1 mGluR signaling has been implicated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chirag Upreti
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, 10595, USA
| | - Caitlin M Woodruff
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, 3227 Broadway, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Xiao-Lei Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, 10595, USA
| | - Michael J Yim
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, 3227 Broadway, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Zhen-Yu Zhou
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, 10595, USA.,Department of Neurology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, 10595, USA
| | - Andrew M Pagano
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, 3227 Broadway, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Dina S Rehanian
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, 630 West 168thStreet, New York, NY, 10032, USA.,Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and Aging Brain, Columbia University, 630 West 168thStreet, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Deqi Yin
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, 3227 Broadway, New York, NY, 10027, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Columbia University, 3227 Broadway, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Eric R Kandel
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, 3227 Broadway, New York, NY, 10027, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Columbia University, 3227 Broadway, New York, NY, 10027, USA.,Kavli Institute for Brain Science, Columbia University, 3227 Broadway, New York, NY, 10027, USA.,Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, 3227 Broadway, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Patric K Stanton
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, 10595, USA.,Department of Neurology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, 10595, USA
| | - Russell E Nicholls
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, 630 West 168thStreet, New York, NY, 10032, USA. .,Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and Aging Brain, Columbia University, 630 West 168thStreet, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Mallick S, Marshall PA, Wagner CE, Heck MC, Sabir ZL, Sabir MS, Dussik CM, Grozic A, Kaneko I, Jurutka PW. Evaluating Novel RXR Agonists That Induce ApoE and Tyrosine Hydroxylase in Cultured Human Glioblastoma Cells. ACS Chem Neurosci 2021; 12:857-871. [PMID: 33570383 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
There is considerable interest in identifying effective and safe drugs for neurodegenerative disorders. Cell culture and animal model work have demonstrated that modulating gene expression through RXR-mediated pathways may mitigate or reverse cognitive decline. However, because RXR is a dimeric partner for several transcription factors, activating off-target transcription is a concern with RXR ligands (rexinoids). This off-target gene modulation leads to unwanted side effects that can include low thyroid function and significant hyperlipidemia. There is a need to develop rexinoids that have binding specificity for subsets of RXR heterodimers, to drive desired gene modulation, but that do not induce spurious effects. Herein, we describe experiments in which we analyze a series of novel and previously reported rexinoids for their ability to modulate specific gene pathways implicated in neurodegenerative disorders employing a U87 cell culture model. We demonstrate that, compared to the FDA-approved rexinoid bexarotene (1), several of these compounds are equally or more effective at stimulating gene expression via LXREs or Nurr1/NBREs and are superior at inducing ApoE and/or tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) gene and protein expression, including analogs 8, 9, 13, 14, 20, 23, and 24, suggesting a possible therapeutic role for these compounds in Alzheimer's or Parkinson's disease (PD). A subset of these potent RXR agonists can synergize with a presumed Nurr1 ligand and antimalarial drug (amodiaquine) to further enhance Nurr1/NBREs-directed transcription. This novel discovery has potential clinical implications for treatment of PD since it suggests that the combination of an RXR agonist and a Nurr1 ligand can significantly enhance RXR-Nurr1 heterodimer activity and drive enhanced therapeutic expression of the TH gene to increase endogenous synthesis of dopamine. These data indicate that is it possible and prudent to develop novel rexinoids for testing of gene expression and side effect profiles for use in potential treatment of neurodegenerative disorders, as individual rexinoids can have markedly different gene expression profiles but similar structures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sanchita Mallick
- School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona 85306, United States
| | - Pamela A. Marshall
- School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona 85306, United States
| | - Carl E. Wagner
- School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona 85306, United States
| | - Michael C. Heck
- School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona 85306, United States
| | - Zhela L. Sabir
- School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona 85306, United States
| | - Marya S. Sabir
- School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona 85306, United States
| | - Christoper M. Dussik
- School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona 85306, United States
| | - Aleksandra Grozic
- School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona 85306, United States
| | - Ichiro Kaneko
- School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona 85306, United States
| | - Peter W. Jurutka
- School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona 85306, United States
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Hu XQ, Hou YX, Liu ZK, Gao Y. Ruthenium-catalysed C–H/C–N bond activation: facile access to isoindolinones. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qo01406k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
A facile ruthenium-catalysed C–H/C–N bond activation and the subsequent annulation of readily available benzoic acids with in situ generated formaldimines are developed for the efficient synthesis of a wide range of biologically important isoindolinones.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Qiang Hu
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Energy Materials Chemistry of Ministry of Education & Hubei Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science
- South-Central University for Nationalities
- Wuhan 430074
- China
| | - Ye-Xing Hou
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Energy Materials Chemistry of Ministry of Education & Hubei Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science
- South-Central University for Nationalities
- Wuhan 430074
- China
| | - Zi-Kui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Energy Materials Chemistry of Ministry of Education & Hubei Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science
- South-Central University for Nationalities
- Wuhan 430074
- China
| | - Yang Gao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry
- Guangdong University of Technology
- Guangzhou
- China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Chaikuad A, Pollinger J, Rühl M, Ni X, Kilu W, Heering J, Merk D. Comprehensive Set of Tertiary Complex Structures and Palmitic Acid Binding Provide Molecular Insights into Ligand Design for RXR Isoforms. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E8457. [PMID: 33187070 PMCID: PMC7697888 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The retinoid X receptor (RXR) is a ligand-sensing transcription factor acting mainly as a universal heterodimer partner for other nuclear receptors. Despite presenting as a potential therapeutic target for cancer and neurodegeneration, adverse effects typically observed for RXR agonists, likely due to the lack of isoform selectivity, limit chemotherapeutic application of currently available RXR ligands. The three human RXR isoforms exhibit different expression patterns; however, they share high sequence similarity, presenting a major obstacle toward the development of subtype-selective ligands. Here, we report the discovery of the saturated fatty acid, palmitic acid, as an RXR ligand and disclose a uniform set of crystal structures of all three RXR isoforms in an active conformation induced by palmitic acid. A structural comparison revealed subtle differences among the RXR subtypes. We also observed an ability of palmitic acid as well as myristic acid and stearic acid to induce recruitment of steroid receptor co-activator 1 to the RXR ligand-binding domain with low micromolar potencies. With the high, millimolar endogenous concentrations of these highly abundant lipids, our results suggest their potential involvement in RXR signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Apirat Chaikuad
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany; (J.P.); (M.R.); (X.N.); (W.K.)
- Structural Genomics Consortium, BMLS, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 15, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Julius Pollinger
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany; (J.P.); (M.R.); (X.N.); (W.K.)
| | - Michael Rühl
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany; (J.P.); (M.R.); (X.N.); (W.K.)
| | - Xiaomin Ni
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany; (J.P.); (M.R.); (X.N.); (W.K.)
- Structural Genomics Consortium, BMLS, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 15, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Whitney Kilu
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany; (J.P.); (M.R.); (X.N.); (W.K.)
| | - Jan Heering
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Branch for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology TMP, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt, Germany;
| | - Daniel Merk
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany; (J.P.); (M.R.); (X.N.); (W.K.)
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Drugs Modulating CD4+ T Cells Blood-Brain Barrier Interaction in Alzheimer's Disease. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12090880. [PMID: 32948022 PMCID: PMC7558445 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12090880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) medications on CD4+ T cells homing has not been thoroughly investigated. CD4+ T cells could both exacerbate and reduce AD symptoms based on their infiltrating subpopulations. Proinflammatory subpopulations such as Th1 and Th17 constitute a major source of proinflammatory cytokines that reduce endothelial integrity and stimulate astrocytes, resulting in the production of amyloid β. Anti-inflammatory subpopulations such as Th2 and Tregs reduce inflammation and regulate the function of Th1 and Th17. Recently, pathogenic Th17 has been shown to have a superior infiltrating capacity compared to other major CD4+ T cell subpopulations. Alzheimer’s drugs such as donepezil (Aricept), rivastigmine (Exelon), galantamine (Razadyne), and memantine (Namenda) are known to play an important part in regulating the mechanisms of the neurotransmitters. However, little is known about the effect of these drugs on CD4+ T cell subpopulations’ infiltration of the brain during AD. In this review, we focus on understanding the influence of AD drugs on CD4+ T cell subpopulation interactions with the BBB in AD. While current AD therapies improve endothelial integrity and reduce astrocytes activations, they vary according to their influence on various CD4+ T cell subpopulations. Donepezil reduces the numbers of Th1 but not Th2, Rivastigmine inhibits Th1 and Th17 but not Th2, and memantine reduces Th1 but not Treg. However, none of the current AD drugs is specifically designed to target the dysregulated balance in the Th17/Treg axis. Future drug design approaches should specifically consider inhibiting CD4+ Th17 to improve AD prognosis.
Collapse
|
26
|
Martins M, Silva R, M. M. Pinto M, Sousa E. Marine Natural Products, Multitarget Therapy and Repurposed Agents in Alzheimer's Disease. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 13:E242. [PMID: 32933034 PMCID: PMC7558913 DOI: 10.3390/ph13090242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a multifactorial disease characterized by the presence of amyloid plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, and nerve cell death that affects, mainly, older people. After decades of investigation, the search for an efficacious treatment for AD remains and several strategies can be and are being employed in this journey. In this review, four of the most promising strategies, alongside with its most promising agents under investigation or development are highlighted. Marine natural products (MNP) are a source of unique chemical structures with useful biological activities for AD treatment. One of the most promising compounds, a marine-derived acidic oligosaccharide (GV-971) just passed phase III clinical trials with a unique mechanism of action. Combination therapy and multitargeted-directed ligand therapy (MTDL) are also two important strategies, with several examples in clinical trials, based on the belief that the best approach for AD is a therapy capable of modulating multiple target pathways. Drug repurposing, a strategy that requires a smaller investment and is less time consuming, is emerging as a strong contender with a variety of pharmacological agents resurfacing in an attempt to identify a therapeutic candidate capable of modifying the course of this disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Márcia Martins
- CIIMAR—Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; (M.M.); (M.M.M.P.)
- Laboratório de Química Orgânica e Farmacêutica, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Renata Silva
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Toxicologia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Madalena M. M. Pinto
- CIIMAR—Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; (M.M.); (M.M.M.P.)
- Laboratório de Química Orgânica e Farmacêutica, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Emília Sousa
- CIIMAR—Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; (M.M.); (M.M.M.P.)
- Laboratório de Química Orgânica e Farmacêutica, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Bibi N, Rizvi SMD, Batool A, Kamal MA. Inhibitory Mechanism of An Anticancer Drug, Bexarotene Against Amyloid β Peptide Aggregation: Repurposing Via Neuroinformatics Approach. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 25:2989-2995. [PMID: 31368868 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190801123235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aggregation of Amyloid β (Aβ) peptide is a crucial feature of Alzheimer disease (AD) pathogenesis. In fact, Aβ peptides are misfolded and aggregated to frame Amyloid fibrils, which is considered as one of the major contributing events in the onset of AD. All these observations have prompted the researchers to design therapeutic molecules with robust anti-Aβ aggregation potential. Interestingly, in the last few decades, drug repurposing has turned into a fruitful and savvy approach for the treatment of several diseases. Bexarotene is an anticancer drug that has been under consideration for its ability to suppress Aβ-peptide aggregation. However, the exact mechanistic aspect of suppression of Aβ-peptide accumulation has not yet been completely revealed. METHODS In the present study, we have attempted to decipher the mechanistic aspects of the anti-aggregation potential of bexarotene by using the computational biology approach. RESULTS We have observed the effect of 'Aβ-bexarotene' interaction on the aggregation ability of the Aβ-peptide and decoded the involvement of receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) and beta-secretase (BACE-1). A deep structural analysis of Aβ upon binding with bexarotene revealed critical binding sites and structural twists involved in Aβ aggregation. It is evident from the present that bexarotene could significantly restrain the process of primary nucleation of Aβ. In addition, bexarotene showed a strong interaction with RAGE and BACE-1, suggesting them as plausible targets for the neuro-therapeutic action of bexarotene. CONCLUSION Hence, we could safely suggest that bexarotene is a potent drug candidate that could reduce Aβ- peptide aggregation by applying different mechanistic pathways. These results might boost the portfolio of pharmaceutical companies looking for the development of new chemical entities against AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nousheen Bibi
- Shaheed Benazir Bhutto Women University, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Syed M D Rizvi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abida Batool
- Shaheed Benazir Bhutto Women University, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Mohammad A Kamal
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.,Enzymoics, 7 Peterlee Place, Hebersham, NSW 2770, Australia.,Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, NSW, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Duffy IR, Vasdev N, Dahl K. Copper(I)-Mediated 11C-Carboxylation of (Hetero)arylstannanes. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:8242-8250. [PMID: 32309734 PMCID: PMC7161067 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c00524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A novel copper-mediated carboxylation strategy of aryl- and heteroaryl-stannanes is described. The method serves as a mild (i.e., 1 atm) carboxylation method using stable carbon dioxide and is transferable as a radiosynthetic approach for carbon-11-labeled aromatic and heteroaromatic carboxylic acids using sub-stoichiometric quantities of [11C]CO2. The methodology was applied to the radiosynthesis of the retinoid X receptor agonist, [11C]bexarotene, with a decay-corrected radiochemical yield of 32 ± 5% and molar activity of 38 ± 23 GBq/μmol (n = 3).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ian R. Duffy
- Azrieli
Centre for Neuro-Radiochemistry, Brain Health Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, ON M5T
1R8, Canada
| | - Neil Vasdev
- Azrieli
Centre for Neuro-Radiochemistry, Brain Health Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, ON M5T
1R8, Canada
- Department
of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, 250 College Street, Toronto, ON M5T
1R8, Canada
| | - Kenneth Dahl
- Azrieli
Centre for Neuro-Radiochemistry, Brain Health Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, ON M5T
1R8, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Wei C, Fan J, Sun X, Yao J, Guo Y, Zhou B, Shang Y. Acetyl-11-keto-β-boswellic acid ameliorates cognitive deficits and reduces amyloid-β levels in APPswe/PS1dE9 mice through antioxidant and anti-inflammatory pathways. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 150:96-108. [PMID: 32109514 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a complex disease involved oxidative stress and inflammation in its pathogenesis. Acetyl-11-keto-β-boswellic acid (AKBA) is an active triterpenoid compound from extracts of Boswellia serrata, which has been widely used as an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent. The present study was to determine whether AKBA, a novel candidate, could protect against cognitive and neuropathological impairments in AD. We found that AKBA treatment resulted in a significant improvement of learning and memory deficits, a dramatic decrease in cerebral amyloid-β (Aβ) levels and plaque burden, a profound alleviation in oxidative stress and inflammation, and a marked reduction in activated glial cells and synaptic defects in the APPswe/PS1dE9 mice. Furthermore, amyloid precursor protein (APP) processing was remarkably suppressed with AKBA treatment by inhibiting beta-site APP cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) protein expression to produce Aβ in the APPswe/PS1dE9 mice brains. Mechanistically, AKBA modulated antioxidant and anti-inflammatory pathways via increasing nuclear erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression, and via declining phosphorylation of inhibitor of nuclear factor-kappa B alpha (IκBα) and p65. Collectively, our findings provide evidence that AKBA protects neurons against oxidative stress and inflammation in AD, and this neuroprotective effect involves the Nrf2/HO-1 and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wei
- Department of Neurology, The Second Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China.
| | - Jiao Fan
- Institute of Geriatrics, National Clinical Research Center of Geriatrics Disease, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Xuan Sun
- Department of Neurology, The Second Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Jiarui Yao
- Department of Neurology, The Second Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Yane Guo
- Department of Neurology, The Second Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Bo Zhou
- Department of Neurology, The Second Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Yanchang Shang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Çakici N, van Beveren NJM, Judge-Hundal G, Koola MM, Sommer IEC. An update on the efficacy of anti-inflammatory agents for patients with schizophrenia: a meta-analysis. Psychol Med 2019; 49:2307-2319. [PMID: 31439071 PMCID: PMC6763537 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291719001995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accumulating evidence shows that a propensity towards a pro-inflammatory status in the brain plays an important role in schizophrenia. Anti-inflammatory drugs might compensate this propensity. This study provides an update regarding the efficacy of agents with some anti-inflammatory actions for schizophrenia symptoms tested in randomized controlled trials (RCTs). METHODS PubMed, Embase, the National Institutes of Health website (http://www.clinicaltrials.gov), and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews were systematically searched for RCTs that investigated clinical outcomes. RESULTS Our search yielded 56 studies that provided information on the efficacy of the following components on symptom severity: aspirin, bexarotene, celecoxib, davunetide, dextromethorphan, estrogens, fatty acids, melatonin, minocycline, N-acetylcysteine (NAC), pioglitazone, piracetam, pregnenolone, statins, varenicline, and withania somnifera extract. The results of aspirin [mean weighted effect size (ES): 0.30; n = 270; 95% CI (CI) 0.06-0.54], estrogens (ES: 0.78; n = 723; CI 0.36-1.19), minocycline (ES: 0.40; n = 946; CI 0.11-0.68), and NAC (ES: 1.00; n = 442; CI 0.60-1.41) were significant in meta-analysis of at least two studies. Subgroup analysis yielded larger positive effects for first-episode psychosis (FEP) or early-phase schizophrenia studies. Bexarotene, celecoxib, davunetide, dextromethorphan, fatty acids, pregnenolone, statins, and varenicline showed no significant effect. CONCLUSIONS Some, but not all agents with anti-inflammatory properties showed efficacy. Effective agents were aspirin, estrogens, minocycline, and NAC. We observed greater beneficial results on symptom severity in FEP or early-phase schizophrenia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N. Çakici
- Department of Psychiatry and Amsterdam Neuroscience, Academic Medical Center, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Antes Center for Mental Health Care, Albrandswaardsedijk 74, 3172 AA, Poortugaal, the Netherlands
| | - N. J. M. van Beveren
- Antes Center for Mental Health Care, Albrandswaardsedijk 74, 3172 AA, Poortugaal, the Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Erasmus Medical Center, Doctor Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Doctor Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - G. Judge-Hundal
- Antes Center for Mental Health Care, Albrandswaardsedijk 74, 3172 AA, Poortugaal, the Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry and Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, University Medical Center Groningen, Deusinglaan 2, 9713AW Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - M. M. Koola
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2300I St NW, Washington, DC 20052, USA
| | - I. E. C. Sommer
- Department of Psychiatry and Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, University Medical Center Groningen, Deusinglaan 2, 9713AW Groningen, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Chernick D, Ortiz-Valle S, Jeong A, Qu W, Li L. Peripheral versus central nervous system APOE in Alzheimer's disease: Interplay across the blood-brain barrier. Neurosci Lett 2019; 708:134306. [PMID: 31181302 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2019.134306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2018] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 allele has been demonstrated as the preeminent genetic risk factor for late onset Alzheimer's disease (AD), which comprises greater than 90% of all AD cases. The discovery of the connection between different APOE genotypes and AD risk in the early 1990s spurred three decades of intense and comprehensive research into the function of APOE in the normal and diseased brain. The importance of APOE in the periphery has been well established, due to its pivotal role in maintaining cholesterol homeostasis and cardiovascular health. The influence of vascular factors on brain function and AD risk has been extensively studied in recent years. As a major apolipoprotein regulating multiple molecular pathways beyond its canonical lipid-related functions in the periphery and the central nervous system, APOE represents a critical link between the two compartments, and may influence AD risk from both sides of the blood-brain barrier. This review discusses recent advances in understanding the different functions of APOE in the periphery and in the brain, and highlights several promising APOE-targeted therapeutic strategies for AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Angela Jeong
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Wenhui Qu
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Ling Li
- Departments of Pharmacology, Minneapolis, MN, United States; Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Minneapolis, MN, United States; Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Sales TA, Prandi IG, Castro AAD, Leal DHS, Cunha EFFD, Kuca K, Ramalho TC. Recent Developments in Metal-Based Drugs and Chelating Agents for Neurodegenerative Diseases Treatments. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E1829. [PMID: 31013856 PMCID: PMC6514778 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20081829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2019] [Revised: 04/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The brain has a unique biological complexity and is responsible for important functions in the human body, such as the command of cognitive and motor functions. Disruptive disorders that affect this organ, e.g. neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs), can lead to permanent damage, impairing the patients' quality of life and even causing death. In spite of their clinical diversity, these NDDs share common characteristics, such as the accumulation of specific proteins in the cells, the compromise of the metal ion homeostasis in the brain, among others. Despite considerable advances in understanding the mechanisms of these diseases and advances in the development of treatments, these disorders remain uncured. Considering the diversity of mechanisms that act in NDDs, a wide range of compounds have been developed to act by different means. Thus, promising compounds with contrasting properties, such as chelating agents and metal-based drugs have been proposed to act on different molecular targets as well as to contribute to the same goal, which is the treatment of NDDs. This review seeks to discuss the different roles and recent developments of metal-based drugs, such as metal complexes and metal chelating agents as a proposal for the treatment of NDDs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thais A Sales
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras/MG, 37200-000, Brazil.
| | - Ingrid G Prandi
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras/MG, 37200-000, Brazil.
| | - Alexandre A de Castro
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras/MG, 37200-000, Brazil.
| | - Daniel H S Leal
- Department of Health Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo, São Mateus/ES, 29932-540, Brazil.
| | - Elaine F F da Cunha
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras/MG, 37200-000, Brazil.
| | - Kamil Kuca
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, 500 03, Czech Republic..
- Biomedical Research Center, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, 500 03 Czech Republic.
| | - Teodorico C Ramalho
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras/MG, 37200-000, Brazil.
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, 500 03, Czech Republic..
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
de Almeida NR, Conda-Sheridan M. A review of the molecular design and biological activities of RXR agonists. Med Res Rev 2019; 39:1372-1397. [PMID: 30941786 DOI: 10.1002/med.21578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 03/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
An attractive approach to combat disease is to target theregulation of cell function. At the heart of this task are nuclear receptors (NRs); which control functions such as gene transcription. Arguably, the key player in this regulatory machinery is the retinoid X receptor (RXR). This NR associates with a third of the NRs found in humans. Scientists have hypothesized that controlling the activity of RXR is an attractive approach to control cellular functions that modulate diseases such as cancer, diabetes, Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. In this review, we will describe the key features of the RXR, present a historic perspective of the first RXR agonists, and discuss various templates that have been reported to activate RXR with a focus on their molecular structure, biological activity, and limitations. Finally, we will present an outlook of the field and future directions and considerations to synthesize or modulate RXR agonists to make these compounds a clinical reality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Martin Conda-Sheridan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Shinohara M, Shinohara M, Zhao J, Fu Y, Liu CC, Kanekiyo T, Bu G. 5-HT3 Antagonist Ondansetron Increases apoE Secretion by Modulating the LXR-ABCA1 Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20061488. [PMID: 30934555 PMCID: PMC6471172 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20061488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 03/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Apolipoprotein E (apoE) is linked to the risk for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and thus has been suggested to be an important therapeutic target. In our drug screening effort, we identified Ondansetron (OS), an FDA-approved 5-HT3 antagonist, as an apoE-modulating drug. OS at low micromolar concentrations significantly increased apoE secretion from immortalized astrocytes and primary astrocytes derived from apoE3 and apoE4-targeted replacement mice without generating cellular toxicity. Other 5-HT3 antagonists also had similar effects as OS, though their effects were milder and required higher concentrations. Antagonists for other 5-HT receptors did not increase apoE secretion. OS also increased mRNA and protein levels of the ATB-binding cassette protein A1 (ABCA1), which is involved in lipidation and secretion of apoE. Accordingly, OS increased high molecular weight apoE. Moreover, the liver X receptor (LXR) and ABCA1 antagonists blocked the OS-induced increase of apoE secretion, indicating that the LXR-ABCA1 pathway is involved in the OS-mediated facilitation of apoE secretion from astrocytes. The effects of OS on apoE and ABCA1 were also observed in human astrocytes derived from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) carrying the APOE ε3/ε3 and APOE ε4/ε4 genotypes. Oral administration of OS at clinically-relevant doses affected apoE levels in the liver, though the effects in the brain were not observed. Collectively, though further studies are needed to probe its effects in vivo, OS could be a potential therapeutic drug for AD by modulating poE metabolism through the LXR-ABCA1 pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Motoko Shinohara
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA.
- Department of Aging Neurobiology, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Aichi 474-8511, Japan.
| | - Mitsuru Shinohara
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA.
- Department of Aging Neurobiology, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Aichi 474-8511, Japan.
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA.
| | - Yuan Fu
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA.
| | - Chia-Chen Liu
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA.
| | - Takahisa Kanekiyo
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA.
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA.
| | - Guojun Bu
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA.
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Dheer Y, Chitranshi N, Gupta V, Sharma S, Pushpitha K, Abbasi M, Mirzaei M, You Y, Graham SL, Gupta V. Retinoid x receptor modulation protects against ER stress response and rescues glaucoma phenotypes in adult mice. Exp Neurol 2019; 314:111-125. [PMID: 30703361 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2019.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Revised: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Retinoid X receptors (RXRs) play an important role in transcription, are involved in numerous cellular networks from cell proliferation to lipid metabolism and are essential for normal eye development. RXRs form homo or heterodimers with other nuclear receptors, bind to DNA response elements and regulate several biological processes including neurogenesis. Mounting evidence suggests that RXR activation by selective RXR modulators (sRXRms) may be neuroprotective in the central nervous system. However, their potential neuroprotective role in the retina and specifically in glaucoma remains unexplored. This study investigated changes in RXR expression in the human and mouse retina under glaucomatous stress conditions and investigated the effect of RXR modulation on the RGCs using pharmacological approaches. RXR protein levels in retina were downregulated in both human glaucoma and experimental RGC injury models while RXR agonist, bexarotene treatment resulted in upregulation of RXR expression particularly in the inner retinal layers. Retinal electrophysiological recordings and histological analysis indicated that inner retinal function and retinal laminar structure were preserved upon treatment with bexarotene. These protective effects were associated with downregulation of ER stress marker response upon bexarotene treatment under glaucoma conditions. Overall, retinal RXR modulation by bexarotene significantly protected RGCs in vivo in both acute and chronic glaucoma models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yogita Dheer
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, F10A, 2 Technology Place, North Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia.
| | - Nitin Chitranshi
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, F10A, 2 Technology Place, North Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Veer Gupta
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Samridhi Sharma
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, F10A, 2 Technology Place, North Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Kanishka Pushpitha
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, F10A, 2 Technology Place, North Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Mojdeh Abbasi
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, F10A, 2 Technology Place, North Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Mehdi Mirzaei
- Department of Molecular Science, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Yuyi You
- Save Sight Institute, Sydney University, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia
| | - Stuart L Graham
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, F10A, 2 Technology Place, North Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia; Save Sight Institute, Sydney University, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia
| | - Vivek Gupta
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, F10A, 2 Technology Place, North Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Ren G, Bao W, Zeng Z, Zhang W, Shang C, Wang M, Su Y, Zhang XK, Zhou H. Retinoid X Receptor Alpha Nitro-ligand Z-10 and Its Optimized Derivative Z-36 Reduce β-Amyloid Plaques in Alzheimer's Disease Mouse Model. Mol Pharm 2018; 16:480-488. [PMID: 29995422 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.8b00096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Bexarotene, an agonist of retinoid X receptor alpha (RXRα), has been shown to increase the expression of apoE, ABCA1, and ABCG1 by activating RXR/LXR and RXR/PPAR heterodimers, resulting in amyloid β (Aβ)-protein clearance in the brain of an Alzheimer's disease (AD) mouse model and reversal of mouse cognitive deficits. Nitrostyrene derivative Z-10 is the first identified nitro-ligand of RXRα. We hypothesized that Z-10 and its derivatives have the similar effect as bexarotene. A series of Z-10 derivatives were synthesized by introducing methoxyl, hydroxyl, and methoxy groups in 2- or 4-position of naphthalene ring, respectively. Our reporter gene assays showed that the derivatives with substituted groups of methyl and methoxyl in position 2 were more potent to activate Gal4-DBD/RXRα-LBD and RXRα homodimer as well as RXRα heterodimers than the corresponding 4-substituted derivatives. The derivatives with hydroxyl substitution in either 2- or 4-position failed to activate RXRα. Consistently, the derivatives with stronger potency of RXRα activation had higher RXRα binding affinity. Z-10 and its 2-ethyoxyl substituted derivative Z-36 reduced Aβ plaques in both hippocampus and cortex of AD mouse model significantly, of which Z-36 had stronger efficacy. This may due to the stronger ability of Z-36 than Z-10 in activating RXR/LXR and RXR/PPAR heterodimers and inducing ABCA1 and ABCG1 expressions. Thus, the 2- rather than 4-position was the better site for Z-10 modification as to RXRα transactivation, and Z-36 is an optimized derivative of Z-10 as to reducing Aβ plaques in AD mouse model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gaoang Ren
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research , Xiamen University , Xiamen , Fujian 361102 , China
| | - Wei Bao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research , Xiamen University , Xiamen , Fujian 361102 , China
| | - Zhiping Zeng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research , Xiamen University , Xiamen , Fujian 361102 , China
| | - Weidong Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research , Xiamen University , Xiamen , Fujian 361102 , China
| | - Ce Shang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research , Xiamen University , Xiamen , Fujian 361102 , China
| | - Maosi Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research , Xiamen University , Xiamen , Fujian 361102 , China
| | - Ying Su
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research , Xiamen University , Xiamen , Fujian 361102 , China.,Cancer Center , Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute , La Jolla , California 92037 , United States
| | - Xiao-Kun Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research , Xiamen University , Xiamen , Fujian 361102 , China.,Cancer Center , Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute , La Jolla , California 92037 , United States
| | - Hu Zhou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research , Xiamen University , Xiamen , Fujian 361102 , China
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Chernick D, Ortiz-Valle S, Jeong A, Swaminathan SK, Kandimalla KK, Rebeck GW, Li L. High-density lipoprotein mimetic peptide 4F mitigates amyloid-β-induced inhibition of apolipoprotein E secretion and lipidation in primary astrocytes and microglia. J Neurochem 2018; 147:647-662. [PMID: 30028014 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Revised: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The apolipoprotein E (apoE) ε4 allele is the primary genetic risk factor for late-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD). ApoE in the brain is produced primarily by astrocytes; once secreted from these cells, apoE binds lipids and forms high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-like particles. Accumulation of amyloid-β protein (Aβ) in the brain is a key hallmark of AD, and is thought to initiate a pathogenic cascade leading to neurodegeneration and dementia. The level and lipidation state of apoE affect Aβ aggregation and clearance pathways. Elevated levels of plasma HDL are associated with lower risk and severity of AD; the underlying mechanisms, however, have not been fully elucidated. This study was designed to investigate the impact of an HDL mimetic peptide, 4F, on the secretion and lipidation of apoE. We found that 4F significantly increases apoE secretion and lipidation in primary human astrocytes as well as in primary mouse astrocytes and microglia. Aggregated Aβ inhibits glial apoE secretion and lipidation, causing accumulation of intracellular apoE, an effect that is counteracted by co-treatment with 4F. Pharmacological and gene editing approaches show that 4F mediates its effects partially through the secretory pathway from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi apparatus and requires the lipid transporter ATP-binding cassette transporter A1. We conclude that the HDL mimetic peptide 4F promotes glial apoE secretion and lipidation and mitigates the detrimental effects of Aβ on proper cellular trafficking and functionality of apoE. These findings suggest that treatment with such an HDL mimetic peptide may provide therapeutic benefit in AD. Read the Editorial Highlight for this article on page 580.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dustin Chernick
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | | | - Angela Jeong
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Suresh K Swaminathan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Karunya K Kandimalla
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - G William Rebeck
- Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.,Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.,Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Durães F, Pinto M, Sousa E. Old Drugs as New Treatments for Neurodegenerative Diseases. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2018; 11:ph11020044. [PMID: 29751602 PMCID: PMC6027455 DOI: 10.3390/ph11020044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are increasing in number, given that the general global population is becoming older. They manifest themselves through mechanisms that are not fully understood, in many cases, and impair memory, cognition and movement. Currently, no neurodegenerative disease is curable, and the treatments available only manage the symptoms or halt the progression of the disease. Therefore, there is an urgent need for new treatments for this kind of disease, since the World Health Organization has predicted that neurodegenerative diseases affecting motor function will become the second-most prevalent cause of death in the next 20 years. New therapies can come from three main sources: synthesis, natural products, and existing drugs. This last source is known as drug repurposing, which is the most advantageous, since the drug’s pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles are already established, and the investment put into this strategy is not as significant as for the classic development of new drugs. There have been several studies on the potential of old drugs for the most relevant neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s disease, Multiple Sclerosis and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Durães
- Laboratory of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
- CIIMAR, Interdisciplinary Center of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos P, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal.
| | - Madalena Pinto
- Laboratory of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
- CIIMAR, Interdisciplinary Center of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos P, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal.
| | - Emília Sousa
- Laboratory of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
- CIIMAR, Interdisciplinary Center of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos P, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Kirk J, Shah N, Noll B, Stevens CB, Lawler M, Mougeot FB, Mougeot JLC. Text mining-based in silico drug discovery in oral mucositis caused by high-dose cancer therapy. Support Care Cancer 2018; 26:2695-2705. [PMID: 29476419 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-018-4096-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 02/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Oral mucositis (OM) is a major dose-limiting side effect of chemotherapy and radiation used in cancer treatment. Due to the complex nature of OM, currently available drug-based treatments are of limited efficacy. OBJECTIVES Our objectives were (i) to determine genes and molecular pathways associated with OM and wound healing using computational tools and publicly available data and (ii) to identify drugs formulated for topical use targeting the relevant OM molecular pathways. METHODS OM and wound healing-associated genes were determined by text mining, and the intersection of the two gene sets was selected for gene ontology analysis using the GeneCodis program. Protein interaction network analysis was performed using STRING-db. Enriched gene sets belonging to the identified pathways were queried against the Drug-Gene Interaction database to find drug candidates for topical use in OM. RESULTS Our analysis identified 447 genes common to both the "OM" and "wound healing" text mining concepts. Gene enrichment analysis yielded 20 genes representing six pathways and targetable by a total of 32 drugs which could possibly be formulated for topical application. A manual search on ClinicalTrials.gov confirmed no relevant pathway/drug candidate had been overlooked. Twenty-five of the 32 drugs can directly affect the PTGS2 (COX-2) pathway, the pathway that has been targeted in previous clinical trials with limited success. CONCLUSIONS Drug discovery using in silico text mining and pathway analysis tools can facilitate the identification of existing drugs that have the potential of topical administration to improve OM treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jon Kirk
- Department of Oral Medicine, Cannon Research Center, Carolinas HealthCare System, Charlotte, NC, USA.,Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - Nirav Shah
- Department of Oral Medicine, Cannon Research Center, Carolinas HealthCare System, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - Braxton Noll
- Department of Oral Medicine, Cannon Research Center, Carolinas HealthCare System, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - Craig B Stevens
- Department of Oral Medicine, Cannon Research Center, Carolinas HealthCare System, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - Marshall Lawler
- Department of Oral Medicine, Cannon Research Center, Carolinas HealthCare System, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - Farah B Mougeot
- Department of Oral Medicine, Cannon Research Center, Carolinas HealthCare System, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - Jean-Luc C Mougeot
- Department of Oral Medicine, Cannon Research Center, Carolinas HealthCare System, Charlotte, NC, USA. .,Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Hakala AK, Fergusson D, Kimmelman J. Nonpublication of trial results for new neurological drugs: A systematic review. Ann Neurol 2017; 81:782-789. [PMID: 28486773 DOI: 10.1002/ana.24952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Revised: 04/09/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate nonpublication rates among trials of new successful and unsuccessful neurological drugs. METHODS "Licensed" drugs consisted of all novel agents receiving US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) licensure 2005-2012 inclusive in seven neurological disorders. "Stalled" drugs included all experimental agents tested in the same domains that had at least one completed phase III trial in the same time frame, but failed to receive FDA approval. Trials of these drugs were included in our sample if their primary outcome collection occurred before October 1, 2010. We determined the publication status of eligible trials using searches of clinicaltrials.gov, Google Scholar, PubMed, Embase, sponsor websites, and direct electronic query of trial contacts and sponsors. The primary outcome was time to journal publication (or results reporting in other media) after study completion. RESULTS The adjusted hazard ratio for publication was 1.79 (95% confidence interval, 1.20-2.67) in favor of licensed drugs. Based on the criteria for nonpublication in this report, 14,092 and 33,882 volunteers participated in unpublished trials of licensed and stalled neurological drugs, respectively. Result data were not publicly available in any form for 10% (16 of 163) and 46% (94 of 203) of trials of licensed and stalled drugs, respectively. INTERPRETATION Results of trials for stalled drugs are heavily under-reported. This deprives research and care communities of evidence about pathophysiology, drug class effects, and the value of surrogate endpoints in trials. Ann Neurol 2017;81:782-789.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda K Hakala
- Studies of Translation, Ethics, and Medicine (STREAM), Biomedical Ethics Unit, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Dean Fergusson
- Centre for Practice Changing Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jonathan Kimmelman
- Studies of Translation, Ethics, and Medicine (STREAM), Biomedical Ethics Unit, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Khalil S, Bardawil T, Stephan C, Darwiche N, Abbas O, Kibbi AG, Nemer G, Kurban M. Retinoids: a journey from the molecular structures and mechanisms of action to clinical uses in dermatology and adverse effects. J DERMATOL TREAT 2017; 28:684-696. [DOI: 10.1080/09546634.2017.1309349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Samar Khalil
- Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Tara Bardawil
- Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Carla Stephan
- Department of Dermatology, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Nadine Darwiche
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ossama Abbas
- Department of Dermatology, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Abdul Ghani Kibbi
- Department of Dermatology, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Georges Nemer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Mazen Kurban
- Department of Dermatology, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
- Department of Dermatology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Lee JB, Zgair A, Kim TH, Kim MG, Yoo SD, Fischer PM, Gershkovich P. Simple and sensitive HPLC-UV method for determination of bexarotene in rat plasma. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2017; 1040:73-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2016.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Revised: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
43
|
Chai YL, Yeo HKH, Wang J, Hilal S, Ikram MK, Venketasubramanian N, Wong BS, Chen CLH. Apolipoprotein ɛ4 is Associated with Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Predominantly Due to Alzheimer's Disease and Not with Vascular Cognitive Impairment: A Singapore-Based Cohort. J Alzheimers Dis 2016; 51:1111-8. [PMID: 26923016 DOI: 10.3233/jad-150902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE While the association for apolipoprotein ɛ4 allele (APOE4) with Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been consistently confirmed, the association with vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) is unclear. We therefore explored the relationship of APOE with both AD and cerebrovascular disease (CeVD) by examining the prevalence of APOE4 in AD, AD with CeVD and vascular dementia (VaD), as well as in cognitive impairment no dementia (CIND) with and without CeVD. METHODS We performed a case-control study with subjects recruited from memory clinics and the community. All subjects underwent standardized brain neuroimaging, clinical and neuropsychological assessments, following which they were classified using research criteria. RESULTS A total of 411 subjects; 92 controls with no cognitive impairment (NCI), 77 CIND without CeVD, 87 CIND with CeVD, 55 AD without CeVD, 68 AD with CeVD, and 32 VaD patients were recruited. Compared to NCI (16.3%), the prevalence of APOE4 carriers was significantly higher only in CIND (37.7%) and AD in the absence of CeVD (45.5%), but not in the three subgroups of VCI, namely CIND with CeVD (20.7%), AD with CeVD (27.9%) and VaD (25.0%). Logistic regression analyses also showed that APOE4 carriers were more likely to have CIND without CeVD (Odds Ratio [OR]: 3.34; 95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 1.59-7.03) and AD without CeVD (OR: 7.21; 95% CI: 2.74-18.98), but no such association was observed in the VCI subgroups. CONCLUSION APOE4 is significantly associated with dementia and CIND due to AD pathology, but not with VCI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuek Ling Chai
- Memory Ageing and Cognition Centre (MACC), National University Health System, Singapore.,Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hazel Kai-Hui Yeo
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jiehao Wang
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Saima Hilal
- Memory Ageing and Cognition Centre (MACC), National University Health System, Singapore.,Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mohammad Kamran Ikram
- Memory Ageing and Cognition Centre (MACC), National University Health System, Singapore.,Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Center, Singapore.,Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Neurology, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Narayanaswamy Venketasubramanian
- Memory Ageing and Cognition Centre (MACC), National University Health System, Singapore.,Raffles Neuroscience Centre, Raffles Hospital, Singapore
| | - Boon-Seng Wong
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Christopher Li-Hsian Chen
- Memory Ageing and Cognition Centre (MACC), National University Health System, Singapore.,Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Chakrabarti M, McDonald AJ, Will Reed J, Moss MA, Das BC, Ray SK. Molecular Signaling Mechanisms of Natural and Synthetic Retinoids for Inhibition of Pathogenesis in Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2016; 50:335-52. [PMID: 26682679 DOI: 10.3233/jad-150450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Retinoids, which are vitamin A derivatives, interact through retinoic acid receptors (RARs) and retinoid X receptors (RXRs) and have profound effects on several physiological and pathological processes in the brain. The presence of retinoic acid signaling is extensively detected in the adult central nervous system, including the amygdala, cortex, hypothalamus, hippocampus, and other brain areas. Retinoids are primarily involved in neural patterning, differentiation, and axon outgrowth. Retinoids also play a key role in the preservation of the differentiated state of adult neurons. Impairment in retinoic acid signaling can result in neurodegeneration and progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Recent studies demonstrated severe deficiencies in spatial learning and memory in mice during retinoic acid (vitamin A) deprivation indicating its significance in preserving memory function. Defective cholinergic neurotransmission plays an important role in cognitive deficits in AD. All-trans retinoic acid is known to enhance the expression and activity of choline acetyltransferase in neuronal cell lines. Activation of RAR and RXR is also known to impede the pathogenesis of AD in mice by inhibiting accumulation of amyloids. In addition, retinoids have been shown to inhibit the expression of chemokines and pro-inflammatory cytokines in microglia and astrocytes, which are activated in AD. In this review article, we have described the chemistry and molecular signaling mechanisms of natural and synthetic retinoids and current understandings of their therapeutic potentials in prevention of AD pathology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mrinmay Chakrabarti
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Alexander J McDonald
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Neuroscience, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - J Will Reed
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Melissa A Moss
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Bhaskar C Das
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Swapan K Ray
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Kuntz M, Candela P, Saint-Pol J, Lamartinière Y, Boucau MC, Sevin E, Fenart L, Gosselet F. Bexarotene Promotes Cholesterol Efflux and Restricts Apical-to-Basolateral Transport of Amyloid-β Peptides in an In Vitro Model of the Human Blood-Brain Barrier. J Alzheimers Dis 2016; 48:849-62. [PMID: 26402114 DOI: 10.3233/jad-150469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
One of the prime features of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the excessive accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides in the brain. Several recent studies suggest that this phenomenon results from the dysregulation of cholesterol homeostasis in the brain and impaired bidirectional Aβ exchange between blood and brain. These mechanisms appear to be closely related and are controlled by the blood-brain barrier (BBB) at the brain microvessel level. In animal models of AD, the anticancer drug bexarotene (a retinoid X receptor agonist) has been found to restore cognitive functions and decrease the brain amyloid burden by regulating cholesterol homeostasis. However, the drug's therapeutic effect is subject to debate and the exact mechanism of action has not been characterized. Therefore, the objective of this present study was to determine bexarotene's effects on the BBB. Using an in vitro model of the human BBB, we investigated the drug's effects on cholesterol exchange between abluminal and luminal compartments and the apical-to-basolateral transport of Aβ peptides across the BBB. Our results demonstrated that bexarotene induces the expression of ABCA1 but not ApoE. This upregulation correlates with an increase in ApoE2-, ApoE4-, ApoA-I-, and HDL-mediated cholesterol efflux. Regarding the transport of Aβ peptides, bexarotene increases the expression of ABCB1, which in turn decreases Aβ apical-to-basolateral transport. Our results showed that bexarotene not only promotes the cholesterol exchange between the brain and the blood but also decreases the influx of Aβ peptides across BBB, suggesting that bexarotene is a promising drug candidate for the treatment of AD.
Collapse
|
46
|
Nam KN, Mounier A, Fitz NF, Wolfe C, Schug J, Lefterov I, Koldamova R. RXR controlled regulatory networks identified in mouse brain counteract deleterious effects of Aβ oligomers. Sci Rep 2016; 6:24048. [PMID: 27051978 PMCID: PMC4823697 DOI: 10.1038/srep24048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Bexarotene, a selective agonist for Retinoid X receptors (RXR) improves cognitive deficits and amyloid-β (Aβ) clearance in mice. Here we examine if the effect of bexarotene on RXR cistrome and transcriptomes depend on APOE isoform and Aβ deposition. We found bexarotene increased RXR binding to promoter regions in cortex of APOE3 mice. Rho family GTPases and Wnt signaling pathway were highly enriched in ChIP-seq and RNA-seq datasets and members of those pathways - Lrp1, Lrp5, Sfrp5 and Sema3f were validated. The effect of APOE isoform was compared in APOE3 and APOE4 mice and we found significant overlapping in affected pathways. ChIP-seq using mouse embryonic stem cells and enrichment levels of histone marks H3K4me3 and H3K27me3 revealed that, bexarotene induced epigenetic changes, consistent with increased neuronal differentiation and in correlation with changes in transcription. Comparison of transcriptome in APOE3 and APP/APOE3 mice revealed that amyloid deposition significantly affects the response to bexarotene. In primary neurons, bexarotene ameliorated the damaged dendrite complexity and loss of neurites caused by Aβ42. Finally, we show that the disruption of actin cytoskeleton induced by Aβ42in vitro was inhibited by bexarotene treatment. Our results suggest a mechanism to establish RXR therapeutic targets with significance in neurodegeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyong Nyon Nam
- Department of Environmental &Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA
| | - Anais Mounier
- Department of Environmental &Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA
| | - Nicholas F Fitz
- Department of Environmental &Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA
| | - Cody Wolfe
- Department of Environmental &Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA
| | - Jonathan Schug
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Iliya Lefterov
- Department of Environmental &Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA
| | - Radosveta Koldamova
- Department of Environmental &Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized pathologically by the presence of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. The amyloid hypothesis contends that the abnormal accumulation of Aβ, the principal component of amyloid plaques, plays an essential role in initiating the disease. Impaired clearance of soluble Aβ from the brain, a process facilitated by apolipoprotein E (APOE), is believed to be a contributing factor in plaque formation. APOE expression is transcriptionally regulated through the action of a family of nuclear receptors including the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma and liver X receptors (LXRs) in coordination with retinoid X receptors (RXRs). It has been previously reported that various agonists of this receptor family can influence brain Aβ levels in rodents. In this study we investigated the effects of LXR/RXR agonism on brain and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of Aβ40 in naïve rats. Treatment of rats for 3 days or 7 days with the LXR agonist, T0901317 or the RXR agonist, bexarotene did not result in significant changes in brain or CSF Aβ40 levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Songli Wang
- Genome Analysis Unit, Amgen Inc., San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Paul Wen
- Department of Neuroscience, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA, USA
| | - Stephen Wood
- Department of Neuroscience, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Chances and challenges of retinoid X receptor gamma targeting for regenerative multiple sclerosis treatment. Future Med Chem 2015; 7:2411-3. [DOI: 10.4155/fmc.15.163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
|