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Mihaljevic M, Chang YH, Witmer AM, Coughlin JM, Schretlen DJ, Barker PB, Yang K, Sawa A. Reduction of N-acetyl aspartate (NAA) in association with relapse in early-stage psychosis: a 7-Tesla MRS study. SCHIZOPHRENIA (HEIDELBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 10:29. [PMID: 38429320 PMCID: PMC10907360 DOI: 10.1038/s41537-024-00451-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Understanding the biological underpinning of relapse could improve the outcomes of patients with psychosis. Relapse is elicited by multiple reasons/triggers, but the consequence frequently accompanies deteriorations of brain function, leading to poor prognosis. Structural brain imaging studies have recently been pioneered to address this question, but a lack of molecular investigations is a knowledge gap. Following a criterion used for recent publications by others, we defined the experiences of relapse by hospitalization(s) due to psychotic exacerbation. We hypothesized that relapse-associated molecules might be underscored from the neurometabolites whose levels have been different between overall patients with early-stage psychosis and healthy subjects in our previous report. In the present study, we observed a significant decrease in the levels of N-acetyl aspartate in the anterior cingulate cortex and thalamus in patients who experienced relapse compared to patients who did not. Altogether, decreased N-acetyl aspartate levels may indicate relapse-associated deterioration of neuronal networks in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Mihaljevic
- Departments of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yu-Ho Chang
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ashley M Witmer
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jennifer M Coughlin
- Departments of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - David J Schretlen
- Departments of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Peter B Barker
- Departments of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kun Yang
- Departments of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Akira Sawa
- Departments of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Departments of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Departments of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Departments of Pharmacology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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Roberts D, Rösler L, Wijnen JP, Thakkar KN. Associations between N-Acetylaspartate and white matter integrity in individuals with schizophrenia and unaffected relatives. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2023; 330:111612. [PMID: 36805928 PMCID: PMC10023491 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2023.111612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
Compromised white matter has been reported in schizophrenia; however, few studies have investigated neurochemical abnormalities underlying microstructural differences. N-acetylaspartate (NAA) is used to synthesize myelin and is often reduced in persons with schizophrenia (PSZ) and their unaffected first-degree relatives (REL). Low levels of NAA could affect white matter by preventing the synthesis or repair of myelin. We used magnetic resonance spectroscopy and diffusion tensor imaging to investigate the relationship between NAA and white matter integrity in PSZ. REL were included to examine whether putative relationships are associated with symptom expression or illness liability. 52 controls, 23 REL and 25 PSZ underwent 7T proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy and/or 3T diffusion tensor imaging. NAA in the visual cortex and basal ganglia were measured and compared across groups. Diffusivity measures were compared across groups using tract-based spatial statistics and related to NAA concentrations. Visual cortex NAA was significantly reduced in PSZ compared to controls. White matter integrity did not differ between groups. Reduced cortical and subcortical NAA were associated with diffusivity measures of poor white matter microstructure. These data suggest that levels of neural NAA may be related to white matter integrity similarly across individuals with schizophrenia, those at genetic risk, and controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominic Roberts
- Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Lara Rösler
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jannie P Wijnen
- Department of Radiology, High Field MR Research, Centre for Image Sciences, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Katharine N Thakkar
- Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States.
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Kubota M, Moriguchi S, Takahata K, Nakajima S, Horita N. Treatment effects on neurometabolite levels in schizophrenia: A systematic review and meta-analysis of proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy studies. Schizophr Res 2020; 222:122-132. [PMID: 32505446 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2020.03.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although there is growing evidence of alterations in the neurometabolite status associated with the pathophysiology of schizophrenia, how treatments influence these metabolite levels in patients with schizophrenia remains poorly studied. METHODS We conducted a literature search using Embase, Medline, and PsycINFO to identify proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy studies that compared neurometabolite levels before and after treatment in patients with schizophrenia. Six neurometabolites (glutamate, glutamine, glutamate + glutamine, gamma-aminobutyric acid, N-acetylaspartate, myo-inositol) and six regions of interest (frontal cortex, temporal cortex, parieto-occipital cortex, thalamus, basal ganglia, hippocampus) were investigated. RESULTS Thirty-two studies (n = 773 at follow-up) were included in our meta-analysis. Our results demonstrated that the frontal glutamate + glutamine level was significantly decreased (14 groups; n = 292 at follow-up; effect size = -0.35, P = 0.0003; I2 = 22%) and the thalamic N-acetylaspartate level was significantly increased (7 groups; n = 184 at follow-up; effect size = 0.47, P < 0.00001; I2 = 0%) after treatment in schizophrenia patients. No significant associations were found between neurometabolite changes and age, gender, duration of illness, duration of treatment, or baseline symptom severity. CONCLUSIONS The current results suggest that glutamatergic neurometabolite levels in the frontal cortex and neuronal integrity in the thalamus in schizophrenia might be modified following treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manabu Kubota
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan; Department of Psychiatry, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, 54 Shogoin-Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.
| | - Sho Moriguchi
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan; Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5T1R8, Canada
| | - Keisuke Takahata
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan; Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University Graduate School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Nakajima
- Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5T1R8, Canada; Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University Graduate School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Horita
- Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
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Kraguljac NV, Morgan CJ, Reid MA, White DM, Jindal RD, Sivaraman S, Martinak BK, Lahti AC. A longitudinal magnetic resonance spectroscopy study investigating effects of risperidone in the anterior cingulate cortex and hippocampus in schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2019; 210:239-244. [PMID: 30630705 PMCID: PMC7881837 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2018.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy is a popular approach to probe brain chemistry in schizophrenia (SZ), but no consensus exists as to the extent of alterations. This may be attributable to differential effects of populations studied, brain regions examined, or antipsychotic medication effects. Here, we measured neurometabolites in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and hippocampus, two structurally dissimilar brain regions implicated in the SZ pathophysiology. We enrolled 61 SZ with the goal to scan them before and after six weeks of treatment with risperidone. We also scanned 31 matched healthy controls twice, six weeks apart. Using mixed effect repeated measures linear models to examine the effect of group and time on metabolite levels in each voxel, we report an increase in hippocampal glutamate + glutamine (Glx) in SZ compared to controls (p = 0.043), but no effect of antipsychotic medication (p = 0.330). In the ACC, we did not find metabolite alterations or antipsychotic medication related changes after six weeks of treatment with risperidone. The coefficients for the discriminant function (differentiating SZ from HC) in the ACC were greatest for NAA (-0.83), and in the hippocampus for Glx (0.76), the same metabolites were associated with greater treatment response in patients at trend level. Taken together, our data extends the existing literature by demonstrating regionally distinct metabolite alterations in the same patient group and suggests that antipsychotic medications may have limited effects on metabolite levels in these regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina V. Kraguljac
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | | | - Meredith A. Reid
- MRI Research Center, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Auburn University
| | - David M. White
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - Ripu D. Jindal
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham,Department of Neurology, Birmingham VA Medical Center
| | - Soumya Sivaraman
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - Bridgette K. Martinak
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - Adrienne C. Lahti
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham
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Galińska-Skok B, Szulc A, Małus A, Konarzewska B, Cwalina U, Tarasów E, Waszkiewicz N. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy changes in a longitudinal schizophrenia study: a pilot study in eleven patients. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2019; 15:839-847. [PMID: 31040683 PMCID: PMC6459157 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s196932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Investigation of the longitudinal effect of schizophrenia on changes in various brain-metabolite levels and their relationships with cognitive deficits that have not been fully explained yet. METHODS Five years subsequent to their first examination for their first episode of schizophrenia, eleven patients from an original group of 30 were reexamined. Their cognitive functions were assessed with the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test. Magnetic resonance imaging and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy were performed on a 1.5 T scanner. Voxels of 8 cm3 were positioned in the left frontal lobe, left temporal lobe, and the left thalamus. The study had a naturalistic design, and patients were treated with various antipsychotics. RESULTS No significant statistical differences between the baseline and follow-up in N-acetylaspartate (NAA:creatine plus phosphocreatine [Cr] and NAA/H2O) levels were observed in any region of interest. We found a significant statistical correlation between 5-year difference in frontal NAA/Cr levels and duration of the last antipsychotic treatment in this period (R=0.908, P=0.012). We found a trend (P=0.068) toward lower choline-containing compounds (Cho/Cr ratio) in the temporal lobe over 5 years and a trend (P=0.079) in higher glutamate-glutamine- GABA (Glx/H2O) levels in the left thalamus. The patients showed social and clinical improvement at follow-up examination, and there were no changes in Wisconsin Card Sorting Test results. CONCLUSION The observed tendency toward decline in choline ratio might have been due to decreased temporal cell density or impaired neuron-membrane or myelin functions. A tendency for higher Glx levels suggest the involvement of thalamus dysfunction in the chronic schizophrenia process. The lack of NAA decrease might have been due to effective antipsychotic treatment. Further longitudinal studies on large patient groups are required to confirm these metabolic changes in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Galińska-Skok
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Białystok, Choroszcz, Poland,
| | - Agata Szulc
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Warsaw, Pruszków, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Małus
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Białystok, Choroszcz, Poland,
| | - Beata Konarzewska
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Białystok, Choroszcz, Poland,
| | - Urszula Cwalina
- Department of Statistics and Medical Informatics, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Eugeniusz Tarasów
- Department of Radiology, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
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Lotfi M, Ghaderian Jahromi M, Firoozabadi A, Razeghian Jahromi L. Effect of Adjuvant Electroconvulsive Therapy Compared to Antipsychotic Medication Alone on the Brain Metabolites of Patients with Chronic Schizophrenia: A Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Study. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY 2018; 13:215-221. [PMID: 30319705 PMCID: PMC6178329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Objective: Schizophrenia is a common psychiatric disease and is characterized by changes in several brain metabolites detectable by magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is a general method of management for most severe psychiatric conditions that may play a role in changing the brain metabolites. This study examined the effectiveness of adjuvant ECT with oral medication compared to that of oral second generation antipsychotic medication alone on brain metabolites in patients with chronic schizophrenia. Method : This study was conducted on 20 patients with chronic schizophrenia who were admitted to a hospital; of them, 10 underwent ECT as an adjuvant therapy with oral medication at least 8 times, and 10 patients were given a second- generation antipsychotic therapy drug (risperidone and olanzapine) without ECT for at least 4 weeks. MRS was used to assess brain metabolites, including N-acetyl aspartate (NAA), choline (Cho), creatine (Cr), myoinositol (MI), and Glx (glutamate [Glu] and glutamine [Gln]), in the left prefrontal cortex, left thalamus, left hippocampus, and left occipital cortex. Differences between the 2 groups were not significant, except for method of treatment. Results: The NAA/Cr ratio in the left prefrontal cortex was significantly higher in ECT-treated patients (P = 0.035). In addition, the Cho/Cr ratios in the left prefrontal cortex and left thalamus were statisticaly lower in the ECT-treated patients than those treated with oral antipsychotic drugs alone (P = 0.019). No statistically significant changes were observed between the 2 groups in other sites of the brain. In addition, no statistically significant differences were detected between the 2 groups in SAPS and DES scores. Conclusion: Compared to oral antipsychotic drug treatment, ECT had improving effects on at least 2 metabolites in the brains of patients with schizophrenia. Therefore, ECT may have a neuroprotective effect in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrzad Lotfi
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Medical Imaging Research Center, Shiraz University of Medicine Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Ghaderian Jahromi
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Medical Imaging Research Center, Shiraz University of Medicine Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Corresponding Author: Address: Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Medical Imaging Research Center, Shiraz University of Medicine Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. Tel: 98-07136475282,
| | - Ali Firoozabadi
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medicine Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Leila Razeghian Jahromi
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medicine Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Kubo H, Nakataki M, Sumitani S, Iga JI, Numata S, Kameoka N, Watanabe SY, Umehara H, Kinoshita M, Inoshita M, Tamaru M, Ohta M, Nakayama-Yamauchi C, Funakoshi Y, Harada M, Ohmori T. 1H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy study of glutamate-related abnormality in bipolar disorder. J Affect Disord 2017; 208:139-144. [PMID: 27770643 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2016.08.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Revised: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies of patients with bipolar disorder (BD) using magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) have shown neurophysiological abnormalities related to the glutamate (Glu)-glutamine (Gln) cycle, membrane turnover, and neuronal integrity, although the results were neither consistent nor conclusive. Recently it has been reported the Gln/Glu ratio is the most useful index, quantifying neuronal-glial interactions and the balance of glutamatergic metabolites In this MRS study, we elucidated the abnormalities of metabolites in a larger sample of patients with BD with a high-field MRI system. METHODS Sixty-two subjects (31 patients with BD and 31 healthy controls [HC]) underwent 3T proton MRS (1H-MRS) of the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and left basal ganglia (ltBG) using a stimulated echo acquisition mode (STEAM) sequence. RESULTS After verifying the data quality, 20 patients with BD and 23 age- and gender-matched HCs were compared using repeated-measures analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). Compared to the HC group, the BD group showed increased levels of Gln, creatine (Cr), N-acetyl aspartate (NAA), choline (Cho), and an increased ratio of Gln to Glu in the ACC, and increased Gln and Cho in the ltBG. These findings remained after the participants with BD were limited to only euthymic patients. After removing the influence of lithium (Li) and sodium valproate (VPA), we observed activated glutamatergic neurotransmission in the ACC but not in the ltBG. LIMITATIONS The present findings are cross-sectional and metabolites were measured in only two regions. CONCLUSIONS Our results support a wide range of metabolite changes in patients with BD involved in glutamatergic neurotransmission, membrane turnover, and neuronal integrity. Moreover, the elevation of Gln/Glu ratio suggested that hyperactivity of glutamatergic neurotransmission in the ACC is a disease marker for BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroko Kubo
- Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Masahito Nakataki
- Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan.
| | - Satsuki Sumitani
- Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan; Department of Support for Students with Special Needs, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichi Iga
- Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan; Department of Neuropsychiatry, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime, Japan
| | - Shusuke Numata
- Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Naomi Kameoka
- Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Shin-Ya Watanabe
- Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Hidehiro Umehara
- Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Makoto Kinoshita
- Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Inoshita
- Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Mai Tamaru
- Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Masashi Ohta
- Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Chiaki Nakayama-Yamauchi
- Department of Medical Imaging, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Funakoshi
- Department of Medical Imaging, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Masafumi Harada
- Department of Radiology and Radiation Oncology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Ohmori
- Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
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Liu W, Yu H, Jiang B, Pan B, Yu S, Li H, Zheng L. The predictive value of baseline NAA/Cr for treatment response of first-episode schizophrenia: A ¹H MRS study. Neurosci Lett 2015; 600:199-205. [PMID: 26099422 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2015.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2014] [Revised: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 06/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The study focused on the predictive value of baseline metabolite ratios in bilateral hippocampus of first-episode schizophrenia by using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((1)H MRS). (1)H MRS data were acquired from 23 hallucination and 17 non-hallucination first-episode schizophrenia patients compared with 17 healthy participants. Clinical characteristics of patients were rated using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) before and after 3-month treatment. The schizophrenia patients showed lower NAA/Cr ratio than healthy participants respectively (p=0.024; p=0.001), and non-hallucination patients had even lower NAA/Cr ratio than hallucination patients (p=0.033). After 3-month treatment, hallucination patients had greater improvement in negative symptoms than non-hallucination patients (p=0.018). The reduction of PANSS total score and negative factor score was positively correlated with the left NAA/Cr in both group patients (p<0.05). Given that the bilateral hippocampal baseline NAA/Cr had predictive value for the whole treatment response, and the left hippocampal NAA/Cr can predict the prognosis of negative symptoms during acute phase medication in first-episode schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weibo Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hualiang Yu
- Department of Psychiatry, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Biao Jiang
- Department of Radiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bing Pan
- Department of Psychiatry, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shaohua Yu
- Department of Psychiatry, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huichun Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Leilei Zheng
- Department of Psychiatry, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
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Structural and functional abnormalities in the caudate nucleus of schizophrenic patients with and without obsessive symptoms. MIDDLE EAST CURRENT PSYCHIATRY 2015. [DOI: 10.1097/01.xme.0000461750.94661.49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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