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Swiderska K, Blackie CA, Maldonado-Codina C, Fergie M, Read ML, Morgan PB. Temporal variations in meibomian gland structure-A pilot study. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 2024; 44:894-909. [PMID: 38708449 DOI: 10.1111/opo.13321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate whether there is a measurable change in meibomian gland morphological characteristics over the course of a day (12 h) and over a month. METHODS The study enrolled 15 participants who attended a total of 11 study visits spanning a 5-week period. To assess diurnal changes in meibomian glands, seven visits were conducted on a single day, each 2 h apart. For monthly assessment, participants attended an additional visit at the same time of the day every week for three consecutive weeks. Meibography using the LipiView® II system was performed at each visit, and meibomian gland morphological parameters were calculated using custom semi-automated software. Specifically, six central glands were analysed for gland length ratio, gland width, gland area, gland intensity and gland tortuosity. RESULTS The average meibomian gland morphological metrics did not exhibit significant changes during the course of a day or over a month. Nonetheless, certain individual gland metrics demonstrated notable variation over time, both diurnally and monthly. Specifically, meibomian gland length ratio, area, width and tortuosity exhibited significant changes both diurnally and monthly when assessed on a gland-by-gland basis. CONCLUSIONS Meibomian glands demonstrated measurable structural change over short periods of time (hours and days). These results have implications for innovation in gland imaging and for developing precision monitoring of gland structure to assess meibomian gland health more accurately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasandra Swiderska
- Eurolens Research, Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | | | - Carole Maldonado-Codina
- Eurolens Research, Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Martin Fergie
- Division of Informatics, Imaging and Data Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Michael L Read
- Eurolens Research, Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Philip B Morgan
- Eurolens Research, Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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Vaccaro S, Borselli M, Scalia G, Rossi C, Toro MD, Rejdak R, Pellegrini M, Scorcia V, Giannaccare G. A Novel Noninvasive Screening Tool for Dry Eye Disease. Diagnostics (Basel) 2024; 14:1209. [PMID: 38928625 PMCID: PMC11202972 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics14121209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the feasibility and the diagnostic accuracy of the new tool, DEvice© (AI, Rome, Italy), for screening patients with dry eye disease (DED). METHODS This study was performed at the University Magna Græcia of Catanzaro. Enrolled patients were classified as affected by DED (group 1) or not (group 2) using an already validated tool (Keratograph 5M, Oculus, Germany), evaluating the noninvasive keratograph breakup time (NIKBUT), tear meniscus height (TMH), meibomian gland loss (MGL), and bulbar redness. All the patients were then examined by means of DEvice©, which allowed the measurement of the relative humidity (RH) and temperature of the ocular surface. Symptoms were scored using the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) questionnaire. RESULTS Overall, 40 patients (17 males and 23 females, mean age 38.0 ± 17.1 years) were included: of these, 20 belonged to group 1 and the remaining 20 to group 2. Using Keratograph 5M, significant differences between groups 1 and 2 were detected for NIKBUT-first (respectively, 4.97 ± 1.85 vs. 13.95 ± 4.8 s; p < 0.0001) and for NIKBUT-average (10.55 ± 4.39 vs. 15.96 ± 4.08 s; p = 0.0003). No statistically significant changes were detected for TMH (p = 0.565), MGL (p = 0.051), and bulbar redness (p = 0.687). Using Device©, a statistically significant higher value of RH was found in group 1 compared to group 2 (respectively, 85.93 ± 10.63 vs. 73.05 ± 12.84%; p = 0.0049). A statistically significant correlation was found between RH and OSDI (r = 0.406; p = 0.009). The value RH showed a discriminating power to detect DED with an AUC = 0.782 (standard error 0.07264; 95% CI 0.6401-0.9249; p = 0.0022). CONCLUSIONS The DEvice© can effectively discriminate DED patients from healthy subjects. The parameter RH showed good sensitivity, making this tool ideal for a fast and noninvasive DED screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Vaccaro
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Magna Græcia of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (S.V.); (M.B.); (G.S.); (C.R.); (V.S.)
| | - Massimiliano Borselli
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Magna Græcia of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (S.V.); (M.B.); (G.S.); (C.R.); (V.S.)
| | - Giovanni Scalia
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Magna Græcia of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (S.V.); (M.B.); (G.S.); (C.R.); (V.S.)
| | - Costanza Rossi
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Magna Græcia of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (S.V.); (M.B.); (G.S.); (C.R.); (V.S.)
| | - Mario Damiano Toro
- Eye Clinic, Public Health Department, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80133 Naples, Italy;
| | - Robert Rejdak
- Department of General and Pediatric Ophthalmology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-079 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Marco Pellegrini
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy;
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ospedali Privati Forlì “Villa Igea”, 47122 Forlì, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Scorcia
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Magna Græcia of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (S.V.); (M.B.); (G.S.); (C.R.); (V.S.)
| | - Giuseppe Giannaccare
- Eye Clinic, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Via Università 40, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
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Münch K, Nöhre M, Westenberger A, Akkus D, Morfeld M, Brähler E, Framme C, de Zwaan M. Prevalence and Correlates of Dry Eye in a German Population Sample. Cornea 2024; 43:685-692. [PMID: 37713656 PMCID: PMC11073563 DOI: 10.1097/ico.0000000000003374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE In this cross-sectional survey, we assessed the prevalence of dry eye disease (DED) in a representative German population sample. In addition, we examined the associations between DED, health-related quality of life (HRQoL), and level of fatigue. Finally, we further validated the German version of the Standard Patient Evaluation of Eye Dryness (SPEED) questionnaire and present norm data of the German population. METHODS A random sample of German residents aged 16 years and older was recruited between October and December 2021. All participants completed the SPEED, Short Form 36, and Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory 20 questionnaires. RESULTS Of the 2495 participants who completed the survey, 450 (21.6%; 95% confidence intervals 20.0-23.1) reported a SPEED total score of ≥4, indicating a positive screening for DED. DED was significantly more common in women and older age. Participants who screened positive for DED reported significantly higher levels of fatigue and lower values in all domains of HRQoL. A receiver operating characteristic curve of the SPEED was generated using an ophthalmologist's diagnosis. The area under the curve was estimated to be 0.886 (95% confidence intervals 0.858-0.913). A cutoff score ≥4 seemed to be appropriate as an indicator of DED. Cronbach's α was excellent (0.95). CONCLUSIONS DED is common in the German population. We confirmed associations with sex, age, HRQoL, and fatigue level, indicating a high burden of DED. The German version of the SPEED is a valid instrument for the assessment of DED symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Münch
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Mariel Nöhre
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Adrian Westenberger
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Dilek Akkus
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Matthias Morfeld
- Department of Applied Human Sciences, Magdeburg-Stendal University of Applied Sciences, Stendal, Sachsen-Anhalt, Germany
| | - Elmar Brähler
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center Adiposity Diseases, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, University Medical Center of Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany; and
| | - Carsten Framme
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Martina de Zwaan
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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Gioia N, Gerson J, Ryan R, Barbour K, Poteet J, Jennings B, Sharp M, Lowery R, Wilson J, Morde A, Rai D, Padigaru M, Periman LM. A novel multi-ingredient supplement significantly improves ocular symptom severity and tear production in patients with dry eye disease: results from a randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial. FRONTIERS IN OPHTHALMOLOGY 2024; 4:1362113. [PMID: 38984118 PMCID: PMC11182317 DOI: 10.3389/fopht.2024.1362113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Dry eye disease (DED) is multifactorial and characterized by a loss of tear film homeostasis that causes a cycle of tear film instability, tear hyperosmolarity, and inflammation. While artificial tears are the traditional mainstay of treatment, addressing the underlying pathophysiology could relieve symptoms and prevent progression. Increasing evidence indicates a role for oral nutritional supplementation in multiple ophthalmic diseases, including DED. Lutein, zeaxanthin, curcumin, and vitamin D3 have demonstrated protective and anti-inflammatory properties in ocular models. This prospective, randomized, double-blind, parallel, placebo-controlled study evaluated the efficacy and safety of a proprietary blend of lutein, zeaxanthin isomers, curcumin, and vitamin D3 (LCD) as a daily supplement in adult participants with DED. Methods Participants were randomized to receive one LCD supplement capsule (lutein 20 mg, zeaxanthin isomers 4 mg, curcumin 200 mg curcuminoids, and vitamin D3 600 IU) or placebo per day for 8 weeks (LCD, n=77; placebo, n=78). Primary outcomes were changes in tear volume (Schirmer's test) and ocular symptoms (Ocular Surface Disease Index [OSDI]). Results The study met its primary endpoints: the LCD group demonstrated significantly better Schirmer's test scores and improvement in overall OSDI score, versus placebo, at Day 56 (p<0.001 for both). Scores for total OSDI, and symptoms and vision domains, significantly improved by Day 14 for LCD versus placebo, (p<0.05 for all) and were maintained to Day 56 (p<0.001). In addition, the LCD group demonstrated significantly improved tear film break-up time (TBUT) and tear film osmolarity, versus placebo, by Day 56 (p<0.001), along with significant improvements in corneal and conjunctival staining (p<0.001 for both), and inflammation (matrix metalloproteinase-9; p<0.001 for each eye). Total Standard Patient Evaluation of Eye Dryness (SPEED) score, and scores for the frequency and severity domains, were significantly improved by Day 14 for LCD versus placebo (p<0.05 for all) and maintained to Day 56 (p<0.001). There was no difference between groups for artificial tear usage. The supplement was well-tolerated. Discussion Once-daily LCD supplementation significantly improved tear production, stability and quality, reduced ocular surface damage and inflammation, and improved participants' symptoms. LCD supplementation could offer a useful adjunct to artificial tears for patients with DED (NCT05481450).
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Affiliation(s)
- Neda Gioia
- Integrative Vision Corp, Shrewsbury, NJ, United States
| | | | - Robert Ryan
- Medical Affairs Bausch + Lomb, Bridgewater, NJ, United States
| | - Krista Barbour
- Medical Affairs Bausch + Lomb, Bridgewater, NJ, United States
| | | | - Brooke Jennings
- Applied Science and Performance Institute, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Matthew Sharp
- Applied Science and Performance Institute, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Ryan Lowery
- Applied Science and Performance Institute, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Jacob Wilson
- Applied Science and Performance Institute, Tampa, FL, United States
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Pratomo TG, Zaifar A, Wibowo NP, Suryono AN, Aziza Y. Current application of intense pulsed light for the management of dry eye disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Indian J Ophthalmol 2024; 72:S183-S190. [PMID: 38146980 DOI: 10.4103/ijo.ijo_671_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023] Open
Abstract
This review explored intense pulsed light (IPL) as an alternative treatment for dry eye disease (DED) symptom relief by correcting tear-film homeostasis. A systematic search was performed in March 2022 on five databases (Medline, Embase, SCOPUS, ProQuest, and EBSCO). Studies were extracted for the following outcomes of interest: standard patient evaluation of eye dryness questionnaire (SPEED), ocular surface disease index (OSDI), tear break-up time (TBUT), and corneal fluorescein staining (CFS). All studies published up to March 2022 were reviewed. Cochrane risk of bias tool (RoB 2) was used to screen studies for risk of bias where appropriate. A meta-analysis was done to quantify any reported quantitative data. Thirteen studies were included in this study. A total of 931 individuals and 1454 numbers of eyes were reviewed in this meta-analysis. Among studies that explored and reported the effect of IPL in individuals with DED, TBUT and OSDI improved significantly post intervention, with a standardized mean difference (SMD) of 1.02 [95% CI 0.41-1.64] and 0.28 [95% CI 0.04-0.52], respectively. CFS and SPEED scores, however, showed no statistically significant difference, with an SMD of 0.22 [95% CI -0.19 to 0.64] and 0.28 [95% CI -0.11 to 0.66], respectively. In conclusion, current evidence indicates IPL as a possible adjunctive treatment in individuals with DED in an otherwise limited treatment option. Further studies through more extensive trials are needed to validate this finding and elucidate its mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiara G Pratomo
- Department of Ophthalmology Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Cipto Mangunkusumo Kirana Eye Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
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Sanches AL, Leite SG, Nunes A, Caixinha M, Monteiro P, Nunes A. [Adaptation of the Standardized Patient Evaluation of Eye Dryness Questionnaire to European Portuguese (SPEED-Vp) in a Non-Clinical Sample]. ACTA MEDICA PORT 2023; 36:714-722. [PMID: 36630893 DOI: 10.20344/amp.18557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to translate and adapt the Standardized Patient Evaluation of Eye Dryness questionnaire to European Portuguese, as well as assess the psychometric performance of the translated version, including repeatability and agreement. MATERIAL AND METHODS The original Standardized Patient Evaluation of Eye Dryness - SPEED questionnaire was translated and adapted to the Portuguese cultural context by following a scientifically valid methodology commonly used in the process of adapting tools to other cultures and languages. The questionnaire resulting from the translation into the new language was subject to a pre-test where the comments of the participants were written and considered for the final version of the questionnaire. For the scale validation of the final version of the translated questionnaire, 89 subjects from a non-clinical population, aged 18 to 84 years, were asked to answer the questionnaire (61% were women). One week later, the same questionnaire was repeated by 63 subjects. The internal reliability of the questionnaire was analyzed by Cronbach's alpha, temporal stability by test-retest, and analysis of agreement between measures by the Bland-Altman method. RESULTS The internal consistency of the translated questionnaire, SPEED-vP was high (α = 0.871) and all questionnaire items contributed to an increase in this index. This consistency was also confirmed to be high in the retest (α = 0.856) and when the sample was stratified by age and sex. The SPEED-complete questionnaire also showed high consistency (α = 0.88). The repeatability of the instrument was high (ICC 0.933; 95% CI: 0.899 and 0.960) and the Bland-Altman plot revealed good agreement between measures. CONCLUSION The Standardized Patient Evaluation of Eye Dryness in Portuguese (SPEED-vP) showed good psychometric properties for the Portuguese population. Therefore, the translated version of the SPEED-vP questionnaire could be used to quantitatively measure the presence of dry eye symptoms in the Portuguese population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - António Nunes
- Universidade da Beira Interior. Covilhã; NECE - Research Center for Business Sciences. Management and Economics Department. University of Beira Interior. Covilhã. Portugal
| | - Miguel Caixinha
- Universidade da Beira Interior. Covilhã; CEMMPRE - Centre for Mechanical Engineering, Materials and Processes. University of Coimbra. Coimbra. Portugal
| | - Pedro Monteiro
- Universidade da Beira Interior. Covilhã; CICS - Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde. Universidade da Beira Interior. Covilhã; CCECV - Centro Clínico e Experimental em Ciências da Visão. Universidade da Beira Interior. Covilhã. Portugal
| | - Amélia Nunes
- Universidade da Beira Interior. Covilhã; CICS - Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde. Universidade da Beira Interior. Covilhã; CCECV - Centro Clínico e Experimental em Ciências da Visão. Universidade da Beira Interior. Covilhã. Portugal
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Chen E, Rueff E, Nguyen AL. Impact of Mask-Associated Dry Eye on Symptom Score. Eye Contact Lens 2023; 49:433-437. [PMID: 37363998 DOI: 10.1097/icl.0000000000001009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Owing to widespread mask use during the COVID-19 pandemic and clinical reports tying mask use with dryness, this study endeavors to determine if mask use is linked to symptoms of dry eye. METHODS A prospective, cross-sectional survey study was performed. The survey used a modified Standard Patient Evaluation of Eye Dryness Questionnaire (SPEED, TearScience, Morrisville, NC) within 15 min of the beginning and discontinuation of mask wear. The survey also asked about mask wear time, mask style, visual correction, age, and gender. RESULTS The change in SPEED scores was statistically significant ( P =0.03) between participants with mild SPEED score at baseline (0-9) versus severe SPEED score at baseline (10-28) (n=77: 59 female, 16 male, 1 nonbinary, and 1 declined to answer; range 22-55 years old). Participants in the severe group used masks with nose wire more than the mild group ( P =0.03). CONCLUSIONS In this sample, dry eye symptoms were most exacerbated with mask wear in those that had mild initial symptom scores compared with those with severe symptom scores at baseline. The use of nose wire masks may be protective, as the severe group used this type more and had significantly less exacerbation of symptoms postmask wear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine Chen
- SCCO at MBKU (E.C., E.R., A.L.N.), Fullerton, CA; and California State University (A.L.N.), Fullerton, CA
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Guo R, Jiang J, Zhang Y, Liang Q, Liu J, Hu K. The effects of chalazion and the excision surgery on the ocular surface. Heliyon 2023; 9:e19971. [PMID: 37809549 PMCID: PMC10559556 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To evaluate the effects of chalazion excision on the ocular surface, taking into account the subjective symptoms and the objective parameters of the tear film. Methods This prospective, interventional clinical study included 52 eyes from 26 patients with eyelid chalazion who underwent excision of the lesions between March and August 2022. Chalazion excision was performed on the patient's chalazion eye, and the contralateral eye served as the control. The following parameters were investigated both preoperatively and 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months postoperatively: the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI), Schirmer I test, corneal fluorescein stain (CFS), tear meniscus height (TMH), noninvasive first breakup time (NifBUT), noninvasive average breakup time (NiaBUT), bulbar conjunctival redness score, the thickness of the lipid layer, and meibomian gland loss. Results Before surgery, the OSDI score of the chalazion eye was significantly higher than the contralateral eye. The bulbar conjunctival redness score (p = 0.043) and the OSDI score (p = 0.004) improved significantly in the first month after surgery. In the third month after surgery, the objective parameters showed significant improvements, including TMH (p = 0.032), NiaBUT (p = 0.028), bulbar conjunctival redness score (p < 0.001), the thickness of the lipid layer (p = 0.021), and meibomian gland loss (p = 0.005). Conclusions Our study revealed that chalazion excision can significantly improve the subjective symptoms and the objective tear film parameters of the ocular surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongjie Guo
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiaxuan Jiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanan Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qi Liang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiao Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kai Hu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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Asiedu K, Krishnan AV, Kwai N, Poynten A, Markoulli M. Conjunctival microcirculation in ocular and systemic microvascular disease. Clin Exp Optom 2023; 106:694-702. [PMID: 36641840 DOI: 10.1080/08164622.2022.2151872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The conjunctival microcirculation is an accessible complex network of micro vessels whose quantitative assessment can reveal microvascular haemodynamic properties. Currently, algorithms for the measurement of conjunctival haemodynamics use either manual or semi-automated systems, which may provide insight into overall conjunctival health, as well as in ocular and systemic disease. These algorithms include functional slit-lamp biomicroscopy, laser doppler flowmetry, optical coherence tomography angiography, orthogonal polarized spectral imaging, computer-assisted intravitral microscopy, diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and corneal confocal microscopy. Furthermore, several studies have demonstrated a relationship between conjunctival microcirculatory haemodynamics and many diseases such as dry eye disease, Alzheimer's disease, diabetes, hypertension, sepsis, coronary microvascular disease, and sickle cell anaemia. This review aims to describe conjunctival microcirculation, its characteristics, and techniques for its measurement, as well as the association between conjunctival microcirculation and microvascular abnormalities in disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kofi Asiedu
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Arun V Krishnan
- School of Clinical Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Department of Neurology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Natalie Kwai
- School of Medical Sciences, University of sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ann Poynten
- Department of Endocrinology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Maria Markoulli
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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De Luca A, Ferraro A, De Gregorio C, Laborante M, Coassin M, Sgrulletta R, Di Zazzo A. Promising High-Tech Devices in Dry Eye Disease Diagnosis. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1425. [PMID: 37511800 PMCID: PMC10381352 DOI: 10.3390/life13071425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dry eye disease (DED) is a common and debilitating condition that affects millions of people worldwide. Despite its prevalence, the diagnosis and management of DED can be challenging, as the condition is multifactorial and symptoms can be nonspecific. In recent years, there have been significant advancements in diagnostic technology for DED, including the development of several new devices. METHODS A literature review of articles on the dry eye syndrome and innovative diagnostic devices was carried out to provide an overview of some of the current high-tech diagnostic tools for DED, specifically focusing on the TearLab Osmolarity System, DEvice Hygrometer, IDRA, Tearcheck, Keratograph 5M, Cornea Dome Lens Imaging System, I-PEN Osmolarity System, LipiView II interferometer, LacryDiag Ocular Surface Analyzer, Tearscope-Plus, and Cobra HD Camera. CONCLUSIONS Despite the fact that consistent use of these tools in clinical settings could facilitate diagnosis, no diagnostic device can replace the TFOS algorithm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea De Luca
- Ophthalmology Complex Operative Unit, University Campus Bio-Medico, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Ferraro
- Ophthalmology Complex Operative Unit, University Campus Bio-Medico, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara De Gregorio
- Ophthalmology Complex Operative Unit, University Campus Bio-Medico, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Mariateresa Laborante
- Ophthalmology Complex Operative Unit, University Campus Bio-Medico, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Coassin
- Ophthalmology Complex Operative Unit, University Campus Bio-Medico, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Sgrulletta
- Ophthalmology Complex Operative Unit, University Campus Bio-Medico, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Di Zazzo
- Ophthalmology Complex Operative Unit, University Campus Bio-Medico, 00128 Rome, Italy
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Sánchez-González MC, Capote-Puente R, García-Romera MC, De-Hita-Cantalejo C, Bautista-Llamas MJ, Silva-Viguera C, Sánchez-González JM. Dry eye disease and tear film assessment through a novel non-invasive ocular surface analyzer: The OSA protocol. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:938484. [PMID: 36035382 PMCID: PMC9399399 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.938484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe the role of OSA as a new instrument in the study of dry eye, and we recommend a protocol for conducting the tests as well as describe the advantages and disadvantages compared with other instruments. A comparison with other ocular surface devices (Tearscope Plus, Keratograph 5M, anterior-segment ocular coherence tomography, Easy Tear View-Plus, LipiView, IDRA, and LacryDiag) were presented due to manual or automatic procedure and objective or subjective measurements. The purpose of this study was to describe the OSA as new non-invasive dry eye disease diagnostic device. The OSA is a device that can provide accurate, non-invasive and easy-to-use parameters to specifically interpret distinct functions of the tear film. This OSA protocol proposed a lesser to higher non-invasive ocular surface dry eye disease tear film diagnostic methodology. A complete and exhaustive OSA and OSA Plus examination protocol was presented within the subjective questionnaire (Dry Eye Questionnaire 5, DEQ5), limbal and bulbar redness classification (within the Efron grade Scale, interferometry lipid layer thickness (LLT) (according to Guillon pattern), tear meniscus height (manually or automatic), first and mean non-invasive break up time (objective and automatic) and meibomian gland (MG) dysfunction grade and percentage (objective and automatic). The OSA and OSA Plus devices are novel and relevant dry eye disease diagnostic tools; however, the automatization and objectivity of the measurements can be increased in future software or device updates. The new non-invasive devices supposed represent a renewal in the dry eye disease diagnosis and introduce a tendency to replace the classic invasive techniques that supposed less reliability and reproducibility.
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Sánchez-González MC, De-Hita-Cantalejo C, Martínez-Lara C, Sánchez-González JM. Oral isotretinoin for acne vulgaris side effects on the ocular surface: Hyaluronic acid and galacto-xyloglucan as treatment for dry eye disease signs and symptoms. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:959165. [PMID: 35935781 PMCID: PMC9353322 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.959165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose was to assess the efficacy of 0.4% hyaluronic acid and 0.2% galacto-xyloglucan on the subjective symptoms of dry eye disease and invasive and non-invasive tear film signs in oral isotretinoin for acne vulgaris treatment. A prospective, longitudinal, single-blind, clinical study was performed in oral isotretinoin for the acne vulgaris consumer population. Subjective dry eye disease questionnaires and invasive and non-invasive tear film assessments were reported prior to and after 6 weeks of hyaluronic acid with galacto-xyloglucan (HA-GX) treatment vs. hyaluronic acid alone (HA). Participants in the HA-GX group reported a higher decrease in the ocular surface disease index (17.01 ± 11.36 score points) compared to the variation in participants in the HA group (11.61 ± 11.18 score points). Standard patient evaluation of eye dryness also decreased more in participants in the HA-GX group (4.06 ± 5.50 score points) than in participants who received HA alone (0.70 ± 3.16). Regarding non-invasive break-up time (NIBUT), participants in the HA-GX group first NIBUT achieved an increase of 1.75 ± 1.16 s while participants in the HA-alone group demonstrated an increase of only 0.54 ± 1.01 s. The HA-GX group mean NIBUT increased by of 3.72 ± 5.69 s; however, the value for the HA-alone group was 2.19 ± 5.26 s. Hyaluronic acid in combination with galacto-xyloglucan significantly decreased limbal and bulbar conjunctival redness classification and SPEED test outcomes. The inclusion of galacto-xyloglucan also increased BUT and mean NIBUT values compared to those obtained with hyaluronic acid alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Carmen Sánchez-González
- Vision Sciences Research Group (CIVIUS), Department of Physics of Condensed Matter, Optics Area, Pharmacy School, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
- *Correspondence: María Carmen Sánchez-González,
| | - Concepción De-Hita-Cantalejo
- Vision Sciences Research Group (CIVIUS), Department of Physics of Condensed Matter, Optics Area, Pharmacy School, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Concepción Martínez-Lara
- Department of Nursing, University Hospital Virgen Macarena, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Podiatry, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - José-María Sánchez-González
- Vision Sciences Research Group (CIVIUS), Department of Physics of Condensed Matter, Optics Area, Pharmacy School, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
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Matsunaga M, Ohtsubo Y, Masuda T, Noguchi Y, Yamasue H, Ishii K. A Genetic Variation in the Y Chromosome Among Modern Japanese Males Related to Several Physiological and Psychological Characteristics. Front Behav Neurosci 2021; 15:774879. [PMID: 34924970 PMCID: PMC8675941 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2021.774879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies in population genetics have proposed that the Y-chromosomal (Y-DNA) haplogroup D ancestor likely originated from Africa. The haplogroup D branch next started Out-of-Africa migration, rapidly expanded across Eurasia, and later diversified in East Asia. Y-DNA haplogroup D-M55, one of the branches of haplogroup D, is only found in modern Japanese males, suggesting that individuals with Y-DNA haplogroup D migrated from the Eurasian continent. Based on previous observations, Y-DNA haplogroup D is expected to be associated with some male characteristics including personality. Therefore, this study investigated whether the Y-DNA haplogroup D-M55 is associated with several physiological and psychological characteristics, including exploratory motivation and human relationship-related perception. We recruited Japanese young adult males and females and investigated the association between Y-DNA haplogroup D-M55, physiological [body mass index (BMI)], and several psychological parameters [perceived number of close friends, behavioral inhibition system/behavioral activation system (BIS/BAS), perceived happiness, and perceived loneliness]. The results indicated that males with haplogroup D-M55 had a higher BMI and more close friends, compared with non-carrier males. Additional multiple regression analyses, which tested the hypothesis that haplogroup D-M55 predicts BMI and perceived number of close friends, confirmed our hypothesis, even after controlling for the potentially confounding variables of age and sex. We also analyzed the gene-gene interaction between haplogroup D-M55 and an autosomal gene polymorphism associated with BMI and human relationships, such as the dopamine D2 receptor gene (DRD2: rs1800497). Results showed gene-gene interactions between haplogroups D-M55 and DRD2 in BMI. Based on these findings, it is demonstrated that Y-DNA haplogroup D is associated with human personality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Matsunaga
- Department of Health and Psychosocial Medicine, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Yohsuke Ohtsubo
- Department of Social Psychology, Graduate School of Humanities and Sociology, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyō, Japan
| | - Takahiko Masuda
- Department of Psychology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Yasuki Noguchi
- Department of Psychology, Graduate School of Humanities, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Hidenori Yamasue
- Department of Psychiatry, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Keiko Ishii
- Department of Cognitive and Psychological Sciences, Graduate School of Informatics, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
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