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Chen F, Lou L, Yu X, Hu P, Pan W, Zhang X, Tang X. Evaluation and application of a Chinese version symptom questionnaire for visual dysfunctions (CSQVD) in school-age children. ADVANCES IN OPHTHALMOLOGY PRACTICE AND RESEARCH 2024; 4:134-141. [PMID: 38947252 PMCID: PMC11214354 DOI: 10.1016/j.aopr.2024.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Objective To develop and evaluate a Chinese version of the Symptom Questionnaire for Visual Dysfunctions (CSQVD) to quantify visual dysfunction symptoms in school-age children with various eye diseases, and to explore the relationship between ophthalmological disorders and visual dysfunction symptoms. Methods Following standard scale adaptation procedures, the Symptom Questionnaire for Visual Dysfunctions (SQVD) was translated into Chinese (CSQVD). We employed random sampling to survey 198 outpatients aged 7-18 to assess the psychometric properties of the CSQVD. Using the reliable and validated questionnaire, we evaluated the determinants of visual dysfunction symptoms among 406 school-age patients at an eye center. The CSQVD scores were correlated with demographic and clinical variables, including gender, age, eye position, refractive power, and best-corrected visual acuity. Univariate analysis identified potential risk factors, followed by binary logistic regression and multiple linear regression analysis on factors with a P-value <0.05. Results The CSQVD scale's critical ratio (CR) values ranged from 6.028 to 10.604. The Cronbach's Alpha coefficient was 0.779, and Spearman-Brown split-half reliability was also 0.779. The I-CVI varied from 0.83 to 1.000, the S-CVI/Ave was 0.857, and the KMO value was 0.821. Multifactorial regression analysis indicated that high myopia (OR = 5.744, 95% CI [1.632, 20.218], P = 0.006) and amblyopia (OR = 9.302, 95% CI [1.878, 46.058], P = 0.006) were significant predictors of CSQVD symptoms. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that BCVA of amblyopic eyes (B = -5.052, 95% CI [-7.779, 2.325], P = 0.000) and SE power (B = -0.234, 95% CI [-0.375, 0.205], P = 0.001) significantly affected the CSQVD scale scores. Conclusions The Chinese version of the SQVD scale (CSQVD) demonstrates good feasibility, discriminatory power, validity, and reliability in assessing Chinese school-aged children. Furthermore, those who have severe myopia and amblyopia reported more visual dysfunction symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuyao Chen
- Eye Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology; Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases; Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Institute on Eye Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lixia Lou
- Eye Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology; Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases; Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Institute on Eye Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoning Yu
- Eye Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology; Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases; Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Institute on Eye Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Peike Hu
- Eye Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology; Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases; Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Institute on Eye Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weiyi Pan
- Eye Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology; Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases; Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Institute on Eye Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xuan Zhang
- Eye Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology; Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases; Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Institute on Eye Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiajing Tang
- Eye Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology; Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases; Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Institute on Eye Diseases, Hangzhou, China
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Prevalence of computer vision syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sci Rep 2023; 13:1801. [PMID: 36720986 PMCID: PMC9888747 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-28750-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Although computer vision syndromes are becoming a major public health concern, less emphasis is given to them, particularly in developing countries. There are primary studies on different continents; however, there are inconsistent findings in prevalence among the primary studies. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to estimate the pooled prevalence of computer vision syndrome. In this study, the review was developed using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Online electronic databases, including PubMed/Medline, CINAHL, and Google Scholar, were used to retrieve published and unpublished studies. The study was conducted from December 1 to April 9/2022. Study selection, quality assessment, and data extraction were performed independently by two authors. Quality assessment of the studies was performed using the Joanna Briggs Institute Meta-Analysis of Statistics Assessment and Review Instrument tool. Heterogeneity was assessed using the statistical test I2. STATA 14 software was used for statistical analysis. A total of 7,35 studies were retrieved, and 45 studies were included in the final meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of computer vision syndrome was 66% (95% CI: 59, 74). Subgroup analysis based on country was highest in Pakistan (97%, 95% CI: 96, 98) and lowest in Japan (12%, 95% CI: 9, 15). Subgroup analysis based on country showed that studies in Saudi Arabia (I2 = 99.41%, p value < 0.001), Ethiopia (I2 = 72.6%, p value < 0.001), and India (I2 = 98.04%, p value < 0.001) had significant heterogeneity. In the sensitivity analysis, no single study unduly influenced the overall effect estimate. Nearly two in three participants had computer vision syndrome. Thus, preventive practice strategic activities for computer vision syndrome are important interventions.
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Lema AK, Anbesu EW. Computer vision syndrome and its determinants: A systematic review and meta-analysis. SAGE Open Med 2022; 10:20503121221142402. [PMCID: PMC9743027 DOI: 10.1177/20503121221142402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Computer vision syndromes are becoming a major public health concern. Inconsistent findings existed on computer vision syndrome. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to estimate the pooled prevalence of computer vision syndrome and identify its determinants. Methods: In this study, the review was developed using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Online electronic databases, including PubMed/Medline, CINAHL, and Google Scholar, were used to retrieve studies from 1 December to 9 April 2022. Quality assessment of the studies was performed using the JBI-MAStARI. RevMan and STATA 14 software were used for statistical analysis. Result: A total of 725 studies were retrieved, and 49 studies were included. The pooled prevalence of computer vision syndrome was 66% (95%, Confidence interval: 59, 74). Being female (Odd Ratio = 1.74, 95% Confidence interval [1.2, 2.53]), improper body posturing while using electronic devices (Odd Ratio = 2.65, 95% Confidence interval [1.7, 4.12]), use of electronic devices out of work (Odd Ratio = 1.66, 95% CI [1.15, 2.39]), no habit of taking breaks (Odd Ratio = 2.24, 95% Confidence interval [1.13, 4.44]), long duration of visual display terminal use (Odd Ratio = 2.02, 95% Confidence interval [1.08, 3.77]), short distance screen (Odd Ratio = 4.24, 95% Confidence interval [2.33, 7.71]), and general ergonomic practice (Odd Ratio = 3.87, 95% Confidence interval [2.18, 6.86]) were associated with increased odds of computer vision syndrome. However, good knowledge (Odd Ratio = 4.04, 95% Confidence interval [2.75, 5.94]) of computer vision syndrome was associated with decreased odds of computer vision syndrome. Conclusion: Nearly two in three participants had computer vision syndrome. Being female, improper body posturing, use of electronics devices out of work, no habit of taking a break, long-hour duration of visual display terminal use, short-distance screen, and general ergonomic practice were associated with increased odds of computer vision syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asamene Kelelom Lema
- Department of Computer Science, College of Engineering and Technology, Samara University, Samara, Ethiopia
| | - Etsay Woldu Anbesu
- Department of Public Health, College of Medical and Health Sciences, Samara University, Samara, Ethiopia,Etsay Woldu Anbesu, Department of Public Health, College of Medical and Health Sciences, Samara University, 132, Semera, Afar region, Ethiopia.
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Cantó-Sancho N, Ronda E, Cabrero-García J, Casati S, Carta A, Porru S, Seguí-Crespo M. Rasch-Validated Italian Scale for Diagnosing Digital Eye Strain: The Computer Vision Syndrome Questionnaire IT©. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19084506. [PMID: 35457379 PMCID: PMC9028942 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19084506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
The use of digital devices affects eye health; this can influence the performance of workers. To assess this impact, validated patient-reported outcome questionnaires are needed. The purpose of this study was to validate the psychometric properties of the Italian version of the Computer Vision Syndrome Questionnaire (CVS-Q©) using Rasch analysis. Two hundred and forty-one Italian workers completed an ad hoc questionnaire on anamnesis and exposure to digital devices, and the Italian version of the CVS-Q©. Subsequently, a battery involving three clinical ocular surface and tear tests was performed. The reliability and validity of the scale was assessed using the Andrich Rating Scale Model, and the prevalence of computer vision syndrome (CVS) was calculated. A good fit of both items and persons to the predictions of the Rasch model was observed, with acceptable reliability, unidimensionality, and no or minimal severe differences as a function of gender or age; moreover, good test–retest repeatability, adequate values of sensitivity, reliability, and area under the curve, and adequate construct validity based on clinical tests were obtained. Workers with a questionnaire score ≥ 7 were found to present with CVS. The prevalence of CVS was 76.6%. The CVS-Q IT© is a valid and reliable scale to assess CVS in Italian workers who use digital devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Cantó-Sancho
- Department of Optics, Pharmacology and Anatomy, University of Alicante, 03690 San Vicente del Raspeig, Spain; (N.C.-S.); (M.S.-C.)
| | - Elena Ronda
- Public Health Research Group, University of Alicante, 03690 San Vicente del Raspeig, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center for Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-965-903-835
| | - Julio Cabrero-García
- Department of Nursing, University of Alicante, 03690 San Vicente del Raspeig, Spain;
| | - Stefano Casati
- Eye Clinic, Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, 37129 Verona, Italy;
| | - Angela Carta
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, 37129 Verona, Italy; (A.C.); (S.P.)
- Mistral–Interuniversity Research Centre ‘Integrated Models of Study for Health Protection and Prevention in Living and Working Environments’, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Stefano Porru
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, 37129 Verona, Italy; (A.C.); (S.P.)
- Mistral–Interuniversity Research Centre ‘Integrated Models of Study for Health Protection and Prevention in Living and Working Environments’, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Mar Seguí-Crespo
- Department of Optics, Pharmacology and Anatomy, University of Alicante, 03690 San Vicente del Raspeig, Spain; (N.C.-S.); (M.S.-C.)
- Public Health Research Group, University of Alicante, 03690 San Vicente del Raspeig, Spain
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Li L, Zhang J, Chen M, Li X, Chu Q, Jiang R, Liu Z, Zhang L, Shi J, Wang Y, Zhu W, Chen J, Xun P, Zhou J. Contribution of Total Screen/Online-Course Time to Asthenopia in Children During COVID-19 Pandemic via Influencing Psychological Stress. Front Public Health 2021; 9:736617. [PMID: 34926368 PMCID: PMC8671164 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.736617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) self-quarantine period, the transition to online-course has profoundly changed the learning modes of millions of school-aged children and put them at an increased risk of asthenopia. Therefore, we aimed to determine associations of the total screen/online-course time with asthenopia prevalence among that children during the COVID-19 pandemic, and whether the associations were mediated by psychological stress. Methods: Asthenopia was defined according to a validated computer vision syndrome questionnaire (CVS-Q). We used CVS-Q to collect the frequency and intensity of 16 asthenopia-related eye symptoms of 25,781 children. Demographic features, eye care habits, visual disorders, lifestyle, psychological and environmental factors, were also collected. Results: The overall asthenopia prevalence was 12.1%, varying from 5.4 to 18.2% across grade/gender-classified subgroups. A 100-h increment of total screen/online-course time were associated with an increased risk of asthenopia by 9% [odds ratio (OR) = 1.09] and 11% (OR = 1.11), respectively. Mediation analysis showed that the proportions of total effects mediated by psychological stress were 23.5 and 38.1%, respectively. Age, female gender, having myopia or astigmatism, bad habits when watching screens were also risk factors. Conversely, keeping 34–65 cm between eyes and screen, increased rest time between classes, and increased eye exercise were all associated with a decreased risk. Conclusion: Our study indicated that the influence of long total screen or online-course time on psychological stress increases asthenopia risk. The findings of this study have provided a new avenue for intervening screen-related asthenopia in addition to incorporating a reasonable schedule of online courses into educational policy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Moxin Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xue Li
- Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiao Chu
- Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Run Jiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhihao Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lili Zhang
- China Hospital Development Institute, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Shi
- Dongtai Tangyang High School, Yancheng, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jiaxing First Hospital, Jiaxing, China
| | - Weizhong Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shouxian Hospital, Huainan, China
| | - Jian Chen
- Huangpu District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Pengcheng Xun
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health-Bloomington, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, United States.,Department of Global Value Access and Outcomes, Atara Biotherapeutics, Thousand Oaks, CA, United States
| | - Jibo Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Ong ACH, Cruickshank FE, Sheppard AL, Davies LN. The efficacy of multifocal soft contact lenses for the alleviation of asthenopic symptoms in myopes with accommodative lag. Cont Lens Anterior Eye 2021; 45:101514. [PMID: 34511307 DOI: 10.1016/j.clae.2021.101514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the efficacy of multifocal soft contact lenses to reduce asthenopic symptoms in myopes with accommodative lag. METHODS Twenty-four myopic participants, aged 18-35 years, with mean spherical equivalent (MSE) of ≤ -0.75D, were recruited in a randomised, double-blind crossover study. All participants were existing contact lens wearer with near orthophoria or esophoria, presenting with subjective asthenopic symptoms at baseline [Convergence Insufficiency Symptom Survey (CISS) score ≥ 21] and a lag of accommodation ≥ +0.75 D. All participants were initially fitted with single vision contact lenses for a one month period. Participants were then randomly assigned 1:1 to wear low add or high add multifocal soft contact lenses for a further month. After this period, the groups were reversed. Data were collected at baseline and following one month's wear of each lens. Change in CISS score was evaluated as the primary outcome measure, while secondary outcome measures were changes in accommodative lag and heterophoria status. RESULTS Baseline CISS score was (mean ± SD) 25.04 ± 4.58. Post-intervention scores were as follows: single vision: 24.46 ± 4.59, low add: 12.17 ± 6.89, high add: 13.71 ± 7.23. Both low add and high add multifocal soft contact lens wear was associated with an improvement in CISS score compared to baseline CISS and single vision (all p < 0.01). No significant difference was found between the CISS score for the baseline CISS and single vision (p = 1.00). No significant difference was found in lag of accommodation between lens conditions (all p > 0.05), however, there was an exophoric shift in near heterophoria between single vision and both multifocal contact lenses (low add: (mean difference 1.33 Δ, p = 0.02; high add: mean difference 1.23 Δ, p = 0.02) but not between habitual spectacle or any other modality (all p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The use of multifocal soft contact lenses for a one-month period was associated with reduced severity of asthenopic symptoms in pre-presbyopic myopes with accommodative lag. Whilst improvement of symptoms does not appear to be mediated by a significant reduction in accommodative lag, changes in heterophoria may play a role in reducing asthenopic symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex C H Ong
- Ong's Optics, Singapore; School of Optometry, Aston University, Birmingham, UK.
| | | | | | - Leon N Davies
- School of Optometry, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
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Hashemi H, Nabovati P, Yekta AA, Ostadimoghaddam H, Forouzesh S, Yazdani N, Khabazkhoob M. Amplitude of accommodation in an 11‐ to 17‐year‐old Iranian population. Clin Exp Optom 2021; 100:162-166. [DOI: 10.1111/cxo.12431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2016] [Revised: 04/16/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Hashemi
- Noor Research Center for Ophthalmic Epidemiology, Noor Eye Hospital, Tehran, Iran,
- Noor Ophthalmology Research Center, Noor Eye Hospital, Tehran, Iran,
| | - Payam Nabovati
- Noor Ophthalmology Research Center, Noor Eye Hospital, Tehran, Iran,
| | - Abbas Ali Yekta
- Department of Optometry, School of Paramedical Sciences, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran,
| | - Hadi Ostadimoghaddam
- Refractive Errors Research Center, School of Paramedical Sciences, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran,
| | - Samira Forouzesh
- Department of Optometry, School of Paramedical Sciences, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran,
| | - Negareh Yazdani
- Department of Optometry, School of Paramedical Sciences, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran,
| | - Mehdi Khabazkhoob
- Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,
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Hashemi H, Asharlous A, Khabazkhoob M, Yekta A, Emamian MH, Fotouhi A. The profile of astigmatism in 6-12-year-old children in Iran. JOURNAL OF OPTOMETRY 2021; 14:58-68. [PMID: 32345571 PMCID: PMC7752993 DOI: 10.1016/j.optom.2020.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the prevalence of astigmatism and its determinants in schoolchildren aged 6-12 years. METHODS The students selected by stratified cluster random sampling in Shahroud, north of Iran. Optometric examination included uncorrected visual acuity, refraction with autorefractometer, manifest refraction with retinoscopy followed by subjective and cycloplegic refraction (after two drops of cyclopentolate 1% with 5min interval were instilled in each eye). A cylinder power ≥0.75diopter (D) in at least one eye was considered as astigmatism. The prevalence of astigmatism was reported based on a cylinder power higher than 0.50, 1.00, and 2.00D in cycloplegic refraction, followed by power vector analysis. RESULTS After applying the inclusion criteria, the data of 5528 children were analyzed. The prevalence of astigmatism was 16.7% (95% CI: 15.6-17.7) in total, 16.6% (95% CI: 15.2-18.0) in boys and 16.8% (95% CI: 15.2-18.3) in girls (p=0.920) and decreased from 21.5% in 6-year-old children to 13.7% in 10-year-olds, and then again increased to 18.3% in children aged 12 years. Moreover, 17.2% (95% CI: 16.0-18.3) of urban and 12.1% (95% CI: 10.0-14.1) of rural children had astigmatism (p<0.001). The prevalence of with-the-rule, against-the-rule, and oblique astigmatism was 14.2%, 2.1%, and 0.33%, respectively. The mean cylinder power was -1.31, -0.46, and -0.44D in children with spherical myopia, emmetropia, and hyperopia, respectively (p<0.001). Urban students had a higher J0 and boys had a higher J45. CONCLUSION The prevalence of astigmatism in this study was lower than previous studies. Astigmatism prevalence was markedly higher in urban children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Hashemi
- Noor Research Center for Ophthalmic Epidemiology, Noor Eye Hospital, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Asharlous
- Rehabilitation Research Center, Department of Optometry, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Khabazkhoob
- Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbasali Yekta
- Department of Optometry, School of Paramedical Sciences, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hassan Emamian
- Ophthalmic Epidemiology Research Center, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran.
| | - Akbar Fotouhi
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Su H, Fu J, Chen W, Meng Z, Li L, Dai W, Yao Y. Prevalence of Heterophoria in Tibetan Grade-One Students: The Lhasa Childhood Eye Study. J Ophthalmol 2020; 2020:9570908. [PMID: 33489351 PMCID: PMC7803105 DOI: 10.1155/2020/9570908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Revised: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The study aims to explore the prevalence of heterophoria and associate factors in Tibetan grade-one students. METHODS The Lhasa Childhood Eye Study (LCES) is a school-based cohort study. 1942 grade-one students from 7 elementary schools were randomly sampled by stratified cluster sampling. Ocular examinations were performed in participants, including ocular motility, distance and near visual acuity, cycloplegic autorefraction, and stereoacuity. The near (33 cm) and distance (6 m) fixation cover test was used to differentiate orthophoria, heterophoria, and heterotropia, and the magnitude of the phoria was measured by the Maddox rod and prisma. RESULTS Of 1856 grade-one students completing all the ocular examinations, 1852 participants finished the ocular alignment test. The mean age was 6.82 ± 0.46 years (range 6∼10 years); 981 (52.97%) were males, and 871 (47.03%) were females. The prevalence of phoria was 22.89% (n = 424). At distance fixation, the prevalence of heterophoria, exophoria, and esophoria was 4.64%, 4.21%, and 0.43% separately, while at near fixation, the prevalence was 22.73%, 22.35%, and 0.38%. No vertical phoria was detected. The mean magnitude of heterophoria at near and distance fixation was -7.63 ± 5.15 PD (exo: -7.83 ± 4.91 PD, eso: +5.67 ± 3.61 PD) and -4.84 ± 5.94 PD (exo: -6.26 ± 4.20 PD, eso: +8.13 ± 3.04 PD). The prevalence of esophoria was associated with hyperopia (OR = 6.38, 95% CI: 1.15-35.28, P = 0.03; OR = 5.42, 95% CI: 1.04-28.24, P = 0.04) and amblyopia (OR = 16.02, 95% CI: 1.81∼141.96, P = 0.01; OR = 11.37, 95% CI: 1.34∼96.52, P = 0.03) at near and distance fixation. The prevalence of exophoria was associated with myopia at near fixation (OR = 2.43, 95% CI: 1.47-4.00, P<0.01). In the near heterophoria group, the proportion of children with abnormal stereoacuity was 23.26% (n = 97), significantly higher (χ 2 = 5.70, P = 0.017) than that in orthophoria (17.99%, n = 244). CONCLUSIONS In Lhasa, grade-one pupils have a lower prevalence of heterophoria. Near exophoria was associated with myopia, while esophoria was related to hyperopia and amblyopia both near and distance. Heterophoria may be one of the affected factors for reducing stereoacuity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Su
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Fu
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing, China
| | - Weiwei Chen
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaojun Meng
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Li
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Dai
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing, China
| | - Yao Yao
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing, China
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Kan J, Li A, Zou H, Chen L, Du J. A Machine Learning Based Dose Prediction of Lutein Supplements for Individuals With Eye Fatigue. Front Nutr 2020; 7:577923. [PMID: 33304916 PMCID: PMC7691662 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2020.577923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Nutritional intervention was always implemented based on "one-size-fits-all" recommendation instead of personalized strategy. We aimed to develop a machine learning based model to predict the optimal dose of a botanical combination of lutein ester, zeaxanthin, extracts of black currant, chrysanthemum, and goji berry for individuals with eye fatigue. Methods: 504 features, including demographic, anthropometrics, eye-related indexes, blood biomarkers, and dietary habits, were collected at baseline from 303 subjects in a randomized controlled trial. An aggregated score of visual health (VHS) was developed from total score of eye fatigue symptoms, visuognosis persistence, macular pigment optical density, and Schirmer test to represent an overall eye fatigue level. VHS at 45 days after intervention was predicted by XGBoost algorithm using all features at baseline to show the eye fatigue improvement. Optimal dose of the combination was chosen based on the predicted VHS. Results: After feature selection and parameter optimization, a model was trained and optimized with a Pearson's correlation coefficient of 0.649, 0.638, and 0.685 in training, test and validation set, respectively. After removing the features collected by invasive blood test and costly optical coherence tomography, the model remained good performance. Among 58 subjects in test and validation sets, 39 should take the highest dose as the optimal option, 17 might take a lower dose, while 2 could not benefit from the combination. Conclusion: We applied XGBoost algorithm to develop a model which could predict optimized dose of the combination to provide personalized nutrition solution for individuals with eye fatigue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juntao Kan
- Nutrilite Health Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Ao Li
- Department of Bioinformatics, WuXi NextCODE Genomics, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Zou
- Department of Bioinformatics, WuXi NextCODE Genomics, Shanghai, China
| | - Liang Chen
- Nutrilite Health Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Du
- Nutrilite Health Institute, Shanghai, China
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11
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Junghans BM, Azizoglu S, Crewther SG. Unexpectedly high prevalence of asthenopia in Australian school children identified by the CISS survey tool. BMC Ophthalmol 2020; 20:408. [PMID: 33046042 PMCID: PMC7549207 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-020-01642-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To date there have been few systematic attempts to establish the general prevalence of asthenopia in unselected populations of school-aged children. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine whether the incorporation of Borsting et al’s 2003 Revised Convergence-Insufficiency Symptom Survey (CISS) into a general school vision screening could aid in the identification of children with visual discomfort and indicate the need for further investigation. Methods Vision screening of an unselected middle school population investigated and analysed the incidence of self-reported nearwork-related visual discomfort via the CISS along with distance and near visual acuities plus non-cycloplegic autorefraction using a Shin-Nippon NVision-K 5001. Results Of the 384 unselected students approached in Grades 6–9, 353 participated (92.2%, mean 13.2 ± 1.4 years). The mean CISS score for the population without amblyopia and/or strabismus (96.0% of all students) was 16.8 ± 0.6, i.e., 45% of students in this cohort had CISS scores greater than one standard deviation above the mean found by Borsting et al. in 2003 during their validation study of the CISS on 9 to 18 year old children without binocular anomalies. Regression analyses indicated significantly higher (p < 0.001) mean CISS scores for the 3.2% who were hyperopes ≥ + 2.00D by non-cycloplegic autorefraction (27.7 ± 14.7) and for those who were amblyopic (24.3 ± 6.6) or strabismic (34.0 ± 9.8). The mean CISS score of 31.6 ± 9.0 for non-amblyopic/strabismic students having near vision poorer than 0.1 LogMAR was significantly higher (p < 0.001) than for those with good acuity. Conclusion The most important finding of this study was the high incidence of asthenopia in an unselected population and that refractive status per se was not a major contributor to CISS scores. The results highlight the usefulness of the CISS questionnaire for assessment of visual discomfort in school vision screenings and the need for future exploration of near binocular vision status as a potential driver of asthenopia in school students, especially given current trends for frequent daily use of computers and handheld devices and necessarily prolonged accommodative-convergence effort at near, both at school and at home.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara M Junghans
- School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, 3086, Australia. .,School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.
| | - Serap Azizoglu
- School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, 3086, Australia.,School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, 3220, Australia
| | - Sheila G Crewther
- School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, 3086, Australia
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12
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Kan J, Wang M, Liu Y, Liu H, Chen L, Zhang X, Huang C, Liu BY, Gu Z, Du J. A novel botanical formula improves eye fatigue and dry eye: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Am J Clin Nutr 2020; 112:334-342. [PMID: 32542334 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqaa139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND With the frequent use of video display units, eye fatigue is becoming more common globally. An alternative nutritional strategy is needed to prevent the aggravation of eye fatigue symptoms. OBJECTIVES The objective was to evaluate the protective effect of a novel botanical combination of lutein ester, zeaxanthin, and extracts of blackcurrant, chrysanthemum, and goji berry on adults with eye fatigue in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. METHODS We randomly allocated 360 participants into 4 groups to receive placebo and 3 doses of our formula (chewable tablets, containing 6 mg, 10 mg, or 14 mg of lutein) once daily for 90 d. Each participant had 3 visits at baseline (V1), 45 d (V2), and 90 d (V3) during the study. RESULTS Intervention with the formula improved individual scores of eye fatigue symptoms, including eye soreness, blurred vision, dry eye, foreign body sensation, and tearing. Compared with placebo, the formula at all 3 doses significantly decreased the total score of eye fatigue symptoms and increased the visuognosis persistence time at both V2 and V3. According to the Schirmer test, both 10-mg and 14-mg lutein formula groups had improved tear secretion at V3 compared with the placebo. The keratography results indicated that the first tear break-up time, average tear break-up time, and tear meniscus height were significantly increased after formula intervention. The formula at all 3 doses significantly increased the macular pigment optical density at V2 and V3 compared with the placebo, whereas optical coherence tomography showed no significant difference in retinal thickness and retinal volume across all groups at both visits. CONCLUSIONS Our botanical formula improves eye fatigue, dry eye, and macular function without changing the retinal structure, and thus it could serve as an effective nutritional strategy in improving eye fatigue without causing serious side effects.Clinical Trial Registry: chictr.org.cn (ChiCTR1800018987).
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Affiliation(s)
- Juntao Kan
- Nutrilite Health Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Aier Eye Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | - Liang Chen
- Nutrilite Health Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Xue Zhang
- Nutrilite Health Institute, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Bryan Y Liu
- College of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhensheng Gu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Du
- Nutrilite Health Institute, Shanghai, China
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13
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Zhang Y, Chen H, Zhang Y, Yang Y. The differences of corneal astigmatism in different populations and its quantitative analysis. Afr Health Sci 2020; 20:775-778. [PMID: 33163043 PMCID: PMC7609078 DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v20i2.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To analyze the differences of corneal astigmatism in different age groups. Methods The clinical data of the patients from the outpatient Department of Ophthalmology of the Tengzhou Central People's Hospital from April 2014 to June 2014 was screened and statistically analyzed. The corneal curvature was measured by three different instruments: Keratometer, IOL Master and Sirius corneal topography. The changes of the corneal astigmatism in different groups were evalutaed in the study. Results Corneal astigmatism of different groups showed no statistical difference and the average corneal astigmatism of 70˜79 age group were higher than younger groups. As the age grew, the with-the-rule astigmatism gradually reduced from 85.8% ( A Group) to 31.0% (F Group). The against-the-rule astigmatism increased from 6.7% ( A Group ) to 45.0% (F Group). Conclusion The proportion of the with-the-rule astigmatism gradually reduced with the growth of age. The proportion of the against-the-rule astigmatism increased significantly. The oblique astigmatism had no obvious change before the age of 40. The proportion of oblique astigmatism increased obviously at the 40˜49 group and tended to be stable. After the age of 60, the proportion of different types of astigmatism tended to be stable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- Departement of Ophthalmology, Tengzhou Central People's Hospital, Tengzhou, Shandong, 277500PR China
| | - Hongmei Chen
- Departement of Anesthesiology,TengZhou Central People's Hospital, Teng Zhou, Shandong,277500, PR China
| | - Yingchun Zhang
- Departement of Ophthalmology, Tengzhou Central People's Hospital, Tengzhou, Shandong, 277500PR China
| | - Yanzhen Yang
- Departement of Ophthalmology, Tengzhou Central People's Hospital, Tengzhou, Shandong, 277500PR China
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A Novel Botanical Combination Attenuates Light-Induced Retinal Damage through Antioxidant and Prosurvival Mechanisms. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:7676818. [PMID: 32256961 PMCID: PMC7097764 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7676818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 12/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of light-induced eye fatigue is increasing globally. Efficient regimen for mitigating light-induced retinal damage is becoming a compelling need for modern society. We investigated the effects of a novel combination of lutein ester, zeaxanthin, chrysanthemum, goji berry, and black currant extracts against retinal damage. In the current work, both in vitro and in vivo light-induced retinal damage models were employed. Animal study showed that under strong light exposure (15000 lx for 2 hours), the a-wave and b-wave from electroretinogram were significantly decreased. Treatment with the combination significantly restored the decrease for b-wave under high- and low-stimulus intensity. Histological analysis reported a substantial decrease in the outer nuclear layer (ONL) thickness in the model group, while the supplementation with the combination significantly improved the ONL thickness. To further explore the underlying mechanism of the protective effects, we utilized ARPE-19 retinal pigment epithelial cell line and found that strong light stimulation (2900 lx for 30 minutes) significantly increased phosphorylation of p38 and JNK and decreased HIF expression. Intriguingly, chrysanthemum, black currant extracts, lutein ester, and zeaxanthin significantly decreased the phosphorylation of p38 and JNK, while chrysanthemum, goji berry, black currant extracts, and lutein ester restored HIF expression. The botanical combination can alleviate light-induced retina damage, potentially through antioxidant and prosurvival mechanisms.
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15
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Barugel R, Touhami S, Samama S, Landre C, Busquet G, Vera L, Bui Quoc E. Evaluation of the Spot Vision Screener for children with limited access to ocular health care. J AAPOS 2019; 23:153.e1-153.e5. [PMID: 31028870 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaapos.2018.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2017] [Revised: 06/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare the sensitivity, specificity, and referral rate of the Spot Vision Screener (Welch Allyn Inc, Skaneateles Falls, NY) with the gold standard cycloplegic measurements acquired using the Retinomax in a population of underprivileged children and teenagers with limited access to medical care. METHODS Children were recruited for the study by social workers in the vicinity of Robert Debre Hospital, Paris, France. Refractive errors (hyperopia of ≥ +2.00 D spherical equivalent [SE]; myopia of ≤ -0.50 D SE; astigmatism of ≥1.00 D between the two main meridians; anisometropia of ≥1.00 D SE difference between eyes) were assessed using the Spot Vision Screener and the Retinomax. Sensitivity (true positive rate), specificity (true negative rate), and referral rate of this Spot Vision screening program were evaluated. RESULTS A total of 82 eyes of 41 subjects (19 males) were included; mean age was 126 months of age (range, 48-246). The sensitivity of the Spot Vision Screener for the detection of refractive errors was 82.35%; specificity was 91.67%. The sensitivity of the Spot Vision Screener to detect hyperopia, myopia, astigmatism, and anisometropia was 27.27%, 84.61%, 78.57%, and 66.67%, respectively. Its specificity to detect hyperopia, myopia, astigmatism, and anisometropia was 100%, 98.55%, 89.71% and 94.29%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The specificity of the Spot Vision Screener to detect refractive errors was found to be relatively high (>90%). However, its low sensitivity for hyperopia seems to remain a major limitation of the device, because hyperopia is particularly important to detect in children given its high prevalence and possible adverse consequences. Global programs using cycloplegic measurements should be considered an alternative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphaël Barugel
- Ophthalmology Department, Robert Debré University Hospital (Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris), Paris, France.
| | - Sara Touhami
- Ophthalmology Department, Robert Debré University Hospital (Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris), Paris, France
| | - Sacha Samama
- Ophthalmology Department, Robert Debré University Hospital (Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris), Paris, France
| | - Céline Landre
- Ophthalmology Department, Robert Debré University Hospital (Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris), Paris, France
| | - Gauthier Busquet
- Ophthalmology Department, Robert Debré University Hospital (Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris), Paris, France
| | - Liza Vera
- Ophthalmology Department, Robert Debré University Hospital (Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris), Paris, France
| | - Emmanuel Bui Quoc
- Ophthalmology Department, Robert Debré University Hospital (Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris), Paris, France
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16
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Nisted I, Maagaard ML, Welinder L. Sensitivity and specificity of school nurse screening for hypermetropia and convergence insufficiency exophoria in primary schoolchildren in Denmark. Acta Ophthalmol 2019; 97:394-400. [PMID: 30338671 DOI: 10.1111/aos.13957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To determine the sensitivity and specificity of school nurse screening for hypermetropia and convergence insufficiency exophoria (CIE) in schoolchildren. METHODS Near point of convergence and distance visual acuity with +2.00D lenses were measured in 2097 children (6-15 years) during standard school nurse screening in the municipality of Randers, Denmark. One hundred and ninety-four children with positive screening results (near point of convergence >10 cm and/or distance visual acuity improved or maintained with +2.00D) and 182 controls with negative screening results received a full vision assessment, including cycloplegic refraction and orthoptic evaluation. RESULTS Sensitivity and specificity of screening was 0.75 and 0.69 for CIE and 0.59 and 0.87 for hypermetropia (≥+2.00), respectively. While precision of screening for CIE was significantly higher for symptomatic children aged 9-15 than for younger and asymptomatic children, precision of screening for hypermetropia was independent of age and presence of visually related symptoms. CONCLUSION While precision of screening for CIE and hypermetropia (>+2.00) was low, additional vision evaluation of children older than 9 years with asthenopic symptoms identified most children with CIE with a low absolute number of false positives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Nisted
- Danish College of Optometry and Visual Science Randers Denmark
| | | | - Lotte Welinder
- Department of Ophthalmology Aalborg University Hospital Aalborg Denmark
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17
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Ichhpujani P, Singh RB, Foulsham W, Thakur S, Lamba AS. Visual implications of digital device usage in school children: a cross-sectional study. BMC Ophthalmol 2019; 19:76. [PMID: 30866885 PMCID: PMC6417240 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-019-1082-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the use of digital devices, reading habits and the prevalence of eyestrain among urban Indian school children, aged 11-17 years. METHODS The study included 576 adolescents attending urban schools who were surveyed regarding their electronic device usage. Additional information on the factors that may have an effect on ocular symptoms was collected. RESULTS Twenty percent of students aged 11 in the study population use digital devices on a daily basis, in comparison with 50% of students aged 17. In addition to using these devices as homework aids, one third of study participants reported using digital devices for reading instead of conventional textbooks. The majority of students preferred sitting on a chair while reading (77%; 445 students), with only 21% (123 students) preferring to lie on the bed and 8 students alternating between chair and bed. There was a significant association between the students who preferred to lie down and those who experienced eyestrain, as reported by a little over one fourth of the student population (27%). Out of 576 students, 18% (103) experienced eyestrain at the end of the day after working on digital devices. CONCLUSIONS The increased use of digital devices by adolescents brings a new challenge of digital eyestrain at an early age. Our study reports the patterns of electronic device usage by school children, evaluates factors associated with eyestrain and highlights the need for further investigation of these issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parul Ichhpujani
- Department of Ophthalmology, Government Medical College and Hospital, Sector 32, Chandigarh, India
| | - Rohan Bir Singh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Government Medical College and Hospital, Sector 32, Chandigarh, India.,Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - William Foulsham
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK.
| | - Sahil Thakur
- Department of Ophthalmology, Government Medical College and Hospital, Sector 32, Chandigarh, India
| | - Amtoj Singh Lamba
- Department of Ophthalmology, Government Medical College and Hospital, Sector 32, Chandigarh, India
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18
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Guo F, Zhang Q, Fan MN, Ma L, Chen C, Liu XH, Jiang H, Liu Y. Fruit and vegetable consumption and its relation to risk of asthenopia among Chinese college students. Int J Ophthalmol 2018; 11:1020-1027. [PMID: 29977818 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2018.06.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the associations between fruit and vegetable consumption and risk of asthenopia among Chinese college students. METHODS A total of 1022 students were selected from five universities by a multi-stage stratified cluster sampling method. They were surveyed via a self-administered questionnaire including socio-demographic features, dietary and lifestyle habits, eye-related symptoms, eye care habits and history of diseases. Ascertainment of asthenopia was based on participants' subjectively reported symptoms. The associations between fruit and vegetable intake with asthenopia risk were assessed using multivariate logistic regression analysis. RESULTS There were no significant associations between total fruit and vegetable, total vegetable, or fruit and the risk of asthenopia. Higher intake of dark-green leafy vegetable was likely to be inversely associated with asthenopia risk [odd ratio (OR): 0.60; 95%CI: 0.37-0.97; Ptrend=0.21] after controlling for nondietary and dietary risk factors. Stratified analysis showed that the inverse association between dark-green leafy vegetable intake and asthenopia risk was limited to participants with suboptimal eyesight (OR: 0.45; 95%CI: 0.25-0.82; Ptrend=0.05), wearing glasses (OR: 0.35; 95%CI: 0.17-0.72; Ptrend=0.03) or using computer ≥3h/d (OR: 0.48; 95%CI: 0.25-0.93; Ptrend=0.08). CONCLUSION A higher consumption of dark-green leafy vegetable is associated with a lower asthenopia risk among college students with suboptimal eyesight and poor eye care habits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Guo
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China.,Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, Shaanxi Province, China.,School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China.,Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, Shaanxi Province, China.,School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Meng-Nan Fan
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Le Ma
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China.,Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Ministry of Education of China, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Chu Chen
- Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Xiao-Hong Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Hong Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, Shaanxi Province, China.,School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, Shaanxi Province, China.,School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China
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