Meta-analysis of associations of interleukin-28B polymorphisms rs8099917 and rs12979860 with development of hepatitis virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma

Molecular genetic association of rs8099917 and rs1800795 polymorphisms in the progression of hepatitis Delta virus liver disease

Background

The relationship between viral infections and host factors holds high hopes for identifying the role of Interferon Lambda 3 (IFNL3) and Interleukin 6 (IL-6) polymorphisms in the development of Chronic Liver Disease (CLD) in patients infected with hepatitis Delta virus (HDV) in the Western Brazilian Amazon.

Methods

Cross-sectional study conducted with a cohort of 40 chronic HDV patients, 27 with CLD and 13 without evident liver damage. Biological samples from the participants were analyzed using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique, followed by sequencing by the automated Sanger method.

Results

The rs8099917 T allele, from the IFNL3 gene, showed a higher frequency in both groups; however, it was not possible to establish an association with HDV infection [OR = 1.42 (0.42 - 4.75; p = 0.556 (95% CI). For IL-6, the rs1800795 G allele was superior to rs1800795 C. Analyzing both distributions in the studied groups, any association with HDV was absent (p > 0.05).

Conclusion

The results suggest that the rs8099917 T/G (IFNL3) and rs1800795 G/C (IL-6) polymorphisms are not associated with the evolution of HDV in the studied population.

HCV treatment outcome depends on SNPs of IFNL3-Gene polymorphisms (rs12979860) and cirrhotic changes in liver parenchyma

The allelic discrimination of IFNL3-(rs12979860 C > T) polymorphism reveals ambiguous associations with the effectiveness of oral HCV treatment. Solitary intra peripheral-blood-mononuclear-cells (PBMCs) HCV-RNA antisense-strands are independently detected in naïve and experienced cases regardless of viremia or hepatic-parenchymal alterations. We examined the frequencies of IFNL3-genetic variants with chronic-HCV-induced liver changes during the sustained virologic response (SVR) by evaluating the PBMCs- HCV-PCR after oral antiviral therapy. Methods: Twelve weeks after finishing oral antiviral therapy, the effects of IFNL3-genetic variants were evaluated in three groups of patients: Group-I (n = 25) showed HCV-RNA negativity in both serum and PBMCs-, group II (n = 52) showed positivity of HCV-RNA in PBMCs, and group-III (n = 25) had positive HCV-RNA in serum. The genetic variants of the IFNL3-gene were estimated for all the enrolled cases and correlated with their hepatic image changes. Results: IFNL3-(rs12979860) genotyping in post-direct acting antivirals (DAAs) SVR and HCV-relapse revealed: a) high frequency of CC-genotype and C-allele in group I compared to group II (P < 0.005) and group III(P ≤ 0.05) when hepatic-parenchyma looks normal by ultrasound b) frequent CT-genotype and T-allele in group II compared with I(P < 0.01) and III(P < 0.05) when liver tissues are bright (early cirrhotic-changes) c) frequent TT-genotype and T-allele in group III relative to I (P < 0.05) and II (P ≤ 0.08) when liver-tissues appear coarse by ultrasound. Conclusion: Outcomes of HCV treatment depend on host IFNL3-gene polymorphism and hepatic-parenchymal changes. A high frequency of wild-CC-genotype and C-allele is observed in patients with normal hepatic parenchyma and that achieved SVR. Solitary relapse in PBMCs occurs on increasing CT-genotype frequency when liver tissues are bright. Serologic relapse is detected when TT-genotype and T-allele are dominant in association with the cirrhotic liver. Therefore, IFNL3-gene-SNP analysis as a genetic predictor in relation to ultra-sonographic hepatic-parenchymal changes could be valuable for selecting the patients with the highest priority for treatment.

Association of Interleukin-28B Polymorphisms (rs12979860 C/T, rs12980275 A/G, rs8099917 T/G) and Risk of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in an Iranian Population

BACKGROUND: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fifth most common cancer in the world. The association of interleukin 28B (IL-28B) polymorphisms and HCC has been investigated in several populations. However, the findings are controversial. This study aimed to address the association between IL-28B polymorphisms (rs 8099917 T/G, rs12979860 C/T, rs12980275 A/G) and the risk of HCC in an Iranian population. METHODS: We have evaluated the association between IL-28B polymorphisms (rs 8099917 T/G, rs12979860 C/T, rs12980275 A/G) and HCC in 180 Iranian individuals (60 patients with HCC and 120 healthy matched controls) using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphisms (PCR-RFLP) method. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) association analysis and also haplotypes were estimated using the SNPstats online software. RESULTS: There was no significant association between these three polymorphisms of IL-28B and HCC (P>0.05). Moreover, haplotype analysis showed no significant association between the haplotypes and HCC. CONCLUSION: There was no association between IL-28B polymorphisms and HCC in an Iranian population.

IL-28B single nucleotide polymorphism as a predictor of hepatocellular carcinoma after treatment of chronic hepatitis C patients with direct acting antivirals

Background

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is considered one of the main causes of chronic liver diseases. HCV is responsible for 25% of HCC cases worldwide. DAAs represent an important step for HCV eradication. The aim was to study the role of IL-28B single nucleotide polymorphism in the prediction of HCC in patients with HCV-related cirrhosis after DAAs.

Results

This study was done at Mansoura Specialized Hospital: 50 cases HCC after DAAs, 50 cases without HCC after DAAs, and 100 controls. SNPs of the IL-28B gene were genotyped. There was an insignificant difference between HCC patients and the cirrhotic group as regards genotypes (p value = 0.26) and alleles (p value = 0.77). A significant association in SNP of IL-28B between healthy individuals and the cirrhotic group was detected. C C genotype (28%) and C T (64%) genotype were more prevalent in the healthy group than in the cirrhotic group 20% and 52% respectively while T T genotype was more prevalent in cirrhotic patients (28%) than controls (8%). C allele was protective against cirrhosis with 60% distribution in healthy individuals and 46% in the cirrhotic group. T allele was more prevalent in cirrhotic (54%) than the normal group (40%)

Conclusion

Although IL-28B SNP had a role in HCV-related cirrhosis progression, it did not predict the probability for HCC development following DAAs.

PDCD1 and IFNL4 genetic variants and risk of developing hepatitis C virus-related diseases

BACKGROUND

Genetic variants of IFNL4 and PDCD1 genes have been shown to influence the spontaneous clearance of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. We investigated the IFNL4 rs12979860 and the PDCD1 polymorphisms in 734 HCV-positive patients, including 461 cases with liver disease of varying severity and 273 patients with lymphoproliferative disorders to determine the association of these genes with patient's outcome.

METHODS

Expression levels of PDCD1 mRNA encoded by haplotypes were investigated by quantitative PCR in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tissue and peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Flow cytometry was used to detect PD-1 and its ligand PD-L1.

RESULTS

The frequency of IFNL4 rs12979860 C/T or T/T genotypes was significantly higher in patients with HCV-related diseases than blood donors (P < .0001). Patients expressing the IFNλ4 variant with one amino acid change that reduces IFNλ4 secretion was found increased in frequency in HCV-related diseases compared to HCC PDCD1 mRNA levels in HCC tissue were significantly higher in cases carrying the PD-1.3 A or the PD-1.7 G allele (P = .0025 and P = .0167). Linkage disequilibrium (LD) between PD-1.3 and IFNL4 was found in patients with mixed cryoglobulinaemia (MC) only (LD = 0 in HCC; LD = 72 in MC). PBMCs of MC patients expressed low levels of PD-L1 in CD19+IgM+B cells and of PD-1 in CD4+T cells suggesting the involvement of regulatory B cell-T cell interaction to the pathogenesis of MC.

CONCLUSION

Collectively, our data indicate an important contribution of IFNλ4 expression to the development of HCV-related HCC and an epistatic contribution of IFNL4 and PDCD1 in MC.

LAY SUMMARY

Studies of IFNL4 and PDCD1 genes are helpful to better understand the role of host genetic factors and immune antigens influencing the outcome of HCV-related diseases. Our data support an association between the expression of IFNλ4, which prevents the expression of IFNλ3, with all the different HCV-related diseases studied, and besides, evidence that a higher IFNλ4 expression is associated with hepatocellular at a younger age. The expression pattern of low PD-L1 on B cells and high PD-1 on CD4+T-cells in patients with HCV-positive cryoglobulinaemia suggests a critical role of the PD-1/PD-L1 signaling in modulating B cell-T cell interaction in this lymphoproliferative disease.

Association between IL28B Polymorphisms and Outcomes of Hepatitis B Virus Infection: A meta-analysis

BACKGROUND

Interleukin (IL) 28B polymorphisms encoding pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines trigger diverse clinical outcome of hepatitis virus infection. However, there is controversy concerning the association of IL28B polymorphisms with the outcome of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, with several studies obtaining inconsistent results. We performed a meta-analysis to evaluate the role of 3 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) rs12979860, rs12980275 and rs8099917 in the progression of HBV infection, overall and by ethnicity.

METHODS

Searched PubMed, Embase and Wiley Online Library electronic databases using 'interleukin 28B', 'IL 28B', 'IL 28B polymorphism', 'hepatitis B virus', 'HBV', and performed meta- analysis for rs12979860, rs12980275 and rs8099917 in Asian and Caucasian populations under the dominant recessive and allele model.

RESULTS

Eighteen studies were found in total and used for this meta-analysis, including 5587 cases and 4295 controls. The IL28B polymorphism rs12979860 had no association with HBV persistence (CC vs CT + TT: OR = 0.86, 95% CI = 0.76-1.00; TT vs CT + CC: OR = 1.14, 95% CI = 0.76-1.70; T vs C: OR = 1.03, 95% CI = 0.94-1.13). Similarly, neither rs12980275 nor rs8099917 had associations with HBV persistence (rs12980275 in AA vs AG + AA: OR = 1.15, 95% CI = 0.96-1.38; rs8099917 in TT vs GT + GG: OR = 1.15, 95% CI = 0.96-1.39). There was also no significant association of IL28B polymorphisms with persistent HBV infection in Asians or Chinese. There was no evidence of an association of rs12979860 with the HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma susceptibility (T vs C: OR = 1.53, 95% CI = 0.96-2.43).

CONCLUSION

IL28B polymorphisms had no association with the outcome of HBV infection overall, nor in the Asians and the Chinese. These 3 SNPs might not be relevant to the development of HBV infection.

Association of IFNL3 rs12979860 polymorphism with HCV-related hepatocellular carcinoma susceptibility in a Chinese population

Background

The association between interferon lambda-3 (IFNL3，also known as interleukin 28B, IL28B) rs12979860 polymorphism and the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has been investigated in recent studies with inconclusive and inconsistent results. IFNL3 rs12979860 polymorphism has been shown a marked differential distribution with regional and ethnic variation. Whether this single nucleotide polymorphism influences susceptibility to hepatitis C virus (HCV)-related HCC remains elusive.

Methods

In this case–control study, a total of 157 Chinese Han patients with chronic HCV infection were enrolled, including 62 HCV-related HCC patients and 95 chronic hepatitis C (CHC) patients without HCC, and the genetic polymorphism of IFNL3 rs12979860 was genotyped via a DNA microarray-based assay. The logistic regression analysis was employed to determine the correlation between the genetic polymorphism and risk of HCV-related HCC.

Results

A higher proportion of CT/TT genotype and T allele was observed in HCC patients compared to the CHC group. Under the genetic model of allele frequency, the T allele was associated with elevated risk of HCV-related HCC in the Chinese population compared to C allele after an adjustment for age, gender, body mass index, HCV infection duration, and HCV genotypes (P=0.046). In the subgroup analysis stratified by HCV genotype, subjects with CHC genotype 1b infection carrying rs12979860 T allele and CT+TT genotype had higher susceptibility to HCC than those with C allele and CC genotype (P=0.020, P=0.037, respectively).

Conclusion

IFNL3 rs12979860 polymorphism with T allele could be a factor that increases the risk of HCV-related HCC in the Chinese population, especially those subjects with CHC genotype 1b infection.

The influence of interleukin 28B polymorphisms on the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma among patients with HBV or HCV infection: An updated meta-analysis

Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the interleukin 28B (IL28B) gene has proven to be associated with the clinical outcome of patients with chronic hepatitis virus B or C (HBV or HCV) infections. However, whether IL28B SNPs have an influence on the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) among patients with HBV or HCV infection remains controversial. Therefore, this study aims to determine the association between IL28B polymorphisms and the risk of HCC in individuals with HBV or HCV infection.PubMed, EMBASE, and Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) databases were used to identify studies meeting the selection requirements using the terms "interleukin 28B", "IFN-lambda-3", "IFNL3", "single nucleotide polymorphisms", "SNPs", "hepatocellular carcinoma", "HCC", "liver cancer".A total of 24 eligible original studies (1 cohort study and 23 case-control studies) involved 20238 individuals (HCC group = 8725 vs control group = 11,513) were included. Both IL28B rs12979860 CC and rs8099917 TT genotypes were significantly associated with a decreased risk of HCC among patients with HBV or HCV infection (OR = 0.71, 95% CI = 0.57-0.88; OR = 0.82, 95% CI = 0.72-0.94, respectively). Egger test and Begg test revealed no' publication bias (P > .05). Sensitivity analyses suggested the robustness of the results in this meta-analysis.Both IL28B rs12979860 CC and rs8099917 TT genotypes are protective factors for the development of HCC among patients with HBV or HCV infection. Future prospective studies examining the impact of IL28B polymorphisms on the risk of HCC and investigating the underlying mechanism for the protective role of IL28B polymorphisms in HCC development are warranted.

IL-28B rs12979860 polymorphism affect the course of chronic hepatitis and the development of HCC in Egyptian patients with hepatitis C type 4

BACKGROUND

A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the interleukin 28B (IL28B) gene may alter the trajectory of hepatitis C virus (HCV) chronic infection. Several studies have sought to determine a link between IL28B rs12979860 SNP and the development of HCV-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but with variable results, and consensus is awaited. We hypothesised that IL28B rs12979860 SNP is linked to HCC in patients with HCV type 4.

METHODS

IL28B genotyping of 300 patients with HCV-related fibrosis (n = 100), cirrhosis (n = 100) and HCC (n = 100) was carried out and the results were analysed to determine the association between the IL28B genotype and clinical outcome.

RESULTS

In IL28B TT genotype carriers, the proportions of moderate/severe fibrosis, advanced cirrhosis (Child B-C) and HCC (50%, 84% and 60.2%, respectively) were higher (p < 0.05) than in CC/CT (4.3%, 46% and 23%, respectively). IL-28B SNP was linked significantly (p < 0.05) with cirrhosis progression and HCC advanced stages. Moreover, HCC advanced Child, Okuda and CLIP stages were associated with T allele carriage (73.9%, 82.6% and 78.3% vs. 44.2%, 50.6% and 46.8% in CC/CT). The percentage of large tumour size (> 3cm) increased (p = 0.028) in TT genotype carriers (81.8% vs.52.6% in CC/CT).

CONCLUSION

IL-28B rs12979860 TT genotype is more prevalent in patients with advanced fibrosis, cirrhosis and HCC stages. Thus, it seems to be associated with poor outcomes in chronic HCV patients and to augment the risk of developing HCC.

Polymorphisms of T helper cell cytokine-associated genes and survival of hemodialysis patients - a prospective study

BACKGROUND

Circulating pro-inflammatory cytokines were associated with increased relative mortality risk, while immune parameters reflecting improved T-cell function were predictors of survival in hemodialysis (HD) patients. We evaluated in the prospective study whether variants in T helper cell cytokine-associated genes are determinants of mortality in HD patients.

METHODS

The study was carried out in 532 prevalent HD subjects who were followed-up for 7 years. HRM analysis was used for IFNL3, IL12A, IL13, and IL4R genotyping. CCL2, IL12B, and IL18 were genotyped using PCR-RFLP analysis. Survival analyses were conducted using the Kaplan-Meier method and the Cox proportional hazard model.

RESULTS

In univariate analyses, IFNL3 rs8099917 was associated with all-cause mortality in recessive model of inheritance (log-rank test P = 0.044), IL12A rs568408 - in dominant model (log-rank test P = 0.029). Minor homozygotes (the genotype GG) in IFNL3 rs8099917 showed shorter survival during the study (3.6, 1.0-7.0 years vs 4.7, 0.1-7.0 years, P = 0.009) than the major allele (T) bearers. The rs8099917 GG patients demonstrated higher risk of death than the remaining patients (GT + TT) (OR 1.94, 95%CI 1.11-3.40, P = 0.020). Major homozygosity (the genotype GG) in IL12A rs568408 was associated with higher mortality than that shown in bearers of the minor allele (AA + AG) (HR 1.31, 95%CI 1.02-1.69, P = 0.035). In multivariate analyses, however, the mentioned polymorphisms were not independent predictors of survival.

CONCLUSIONS

Polymorphisms of IFNL3 rs8099917 and IL12A rs568408 contribute to survival of HD patients, but not as independent factors.

pri-miR-34b/c rs4938723 polymorphism is associated with hepatocellular carcinoma risk: a case-control study in a Chinese population

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide. miR-34 induces changes of its downstream genes, and plays a key role in altering the apoptotic cycle and pathways of downstream cells, and finally influences the development of cancer. We assessed the relationship of the pri-miR-34b/c rs4938723 polymorphism with hepatocellular carcinoma risk in a Chinese population. During the period of January 2014 and December 2015, a total of 164 HCC patients and 305 healthy controls were recruited from the Inner Mongolia People's Hospital. Genotyping of the pri-miR-34b/c rs4938723 was determined using the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Using χ² test, we observed that HCC patients were likely to have a habit of alcohol consumption (χ² = 10.24, P = 0.001) and infect with HBV or HCV (χ² = 128.17, P < 0.001). In co-dominant model, the CC genotype of pri-miR-34b/c rs4938723 had a significant higher risk of HCC as compared with the TT genotype, and the corresponding adjusted OR (95% CI) was 4.14 (1.91-9.75). In dominant model, we observed that the TC+CC genotype were associated with an increased risk of HCC in comparison to the TT genotype (OR = 1.67, 95% CI = 1.17-2.55). In recessive model, the CC genotype was correlated with an elevated risk of HCC when compared with the TT+TC genotype (OR = 3.46, 95% CI = 1.62-8.54). The pri-miR-34b/c rs4938723 polymorphism was associated with a higher risk of HCC in the Chinese population examined. Further large-scale and multi-center studies are required to confirm these results.

A single non-synonymous NCOA5 variation in type 2 diabetic patients with hepatocellular carcinoma impairs the function of NCOA5 in cell cycle regulation

Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) is a risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We have previously described that haploinsufficiency of nuclear receptor coactivator 5 (NCOA5) is a genetic defect linking glucose intolerance to HCC. Here we report identification and characterization of a single nucleotide variation (T445A) in NCOA5, causing an amino acid Thr to Ala substitution, in adjacent non-tumorous liver tissues derived from patients with concurrent HCC and T2D. By using Tet-On inducible expression cells, we show that ectopic expression of NCOA5wt suppressed proliferation of HCC cells via induction of G2/M arrest, while ectopic expression of NCOA5T445A had a significantly lesser effect compared to ectopic expression of NCOA5wt. Furthermore, ectopic expression of NCOA5wt increased the occurrence of DNA damage and cell senescence, whereas expression of NCOA5T445A partly lost this activity. Xenograft tumor model analysis demonstrated that ectopic NCOA5wt expression reduced HCC tumor growth and the T445A variation impairs its tumor growth inhibitory function. Collectively, our data show that the T445A variation impairs the ability of NCOA5 to inhibit growth of HCC, suggesting that this variation may have potential to increase susceptibility to HCC comorbid with T2D.

Genetic polymorphisms -137 (rs187238) and -607 (rs1946518) in the interleukin-18 promoter may not be associated with development of hepatocellular carcinoma

This study meta-analyzed the literature on possible association of polymorphisms -137 (rs187238) and -607 (rs1946518) in the interleukin-18 (IL-18) promoter with risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The analysis included 8 case-control studies on the -137 polymorphism (1,318 cases, 2,254 controls) and 7 case-control studies on the -607 polymorphism (1,262 cases, 1,696 controls). None of the five genetic models suggested a significant association between the -137 polymorphism and HCC risk: allelic model, OR 0.99, 95% CI 0.74-1.34, P = 0.97; recessive model, OR 0.98, 95% CI 0.65-1.46, P = 0.91; dominant model, OR 1.35, 95% CI 0.73-2.52, P = 0.34; homozygous model, OR 0.99, 95% CI 0.65-1.49, P = 0.95; heterozygous model, OR 0.99, 95% CI 0.66-1.48, P = 0.94. Similar results were obtained in subgroup analyses of Asian patients, Chinese patients, or patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related HCC. Similar results were also obtained for the -607 polymorphism across the entire study population as well as in the three subgroups. The available evidence suggests no significant association of the -137 or -607 polymorphisms with risk of HCC in general or specifically of HBV-related HCC. These conclusions should be verified in large, well-designed studies.

IL28B genotype is associated with cirrhosis or transition to cirrhosis in treatment-naive patients with chronic HCV genotype 1 infection: the international observational Gen-C study

Background and purpose

Contradictory data exist on the association between host interleukin-28B (IL28B) rs12979860 genotype and liver fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC). This large, international, observational study (NCT01675427/MV25600) investigated relationships between IL28B rs12979860 genotype and liver fibrosis stage in CHC patients.

Methods

A total of 3003 adult, treatment-naive CHC patients were enrolled into the study. Patients made one study visit to provide a blood sample for genotyping; other data were obtained from medical records.

Results

2916 patients comprised the analysis population; the majority were enrolled in Europe (n = 2119), were Caucasian (n = 2582) and had hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype (G)1 infection (n = 1702) (G2 = 323, G3 = 574, G4 = 260). Distribution of IL28B genotypes varied according to region of enrolment, patient ethnicity and HCV genotype. A significant association was observed between increasing number of IL28B T alleles and the prevalence of cirrhosis/transition to cirrhosis (based on biopsy or non-invasive assessments) in G1-infected patients (CC = 22.2% [111/499], CT = 27.5% [255/928], TT = 32.3% [87/269]; p = 0.0018). The association was significant in the large subgroup of European Caucasian G1 patients (n = 1245) but not in the smaller Asian (n = 25), Latin American (n = 137) or Middle Eastern (n = 289) G1 subgroups. IL28B genotype was not associated with liver fibrosis stage in patients with HCV G2, G3 or G4 infection.

Conclusion

This large, international study found that IL28B rs12979860 genotype is significantly associated with liver fibrosis stage in CHC patients with HCV G1 infection. This association was evident in European Caucasians but not in G1-infected patients from Asia, Latin America or the Middle East.

Electronic supplementary material

The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40064-016-3663-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.