Effect of lncRNA ANRIL silencing on anoikis and cell cycle in human glioma via microRNA-203a

Long Non-coding RNA ANRIL and Its Role in the Development of Age-Related Diseases

ANRIL is known as a lncRNA that has many linear and circular isoforms and its polymorphisms are observed to be associated with the pathogenesis of many diseases including age-related diseases. Age-related diseases including atherosclerosis, ischemic heart disease, and Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease are the most common cause of mortality in both developed and undeveloped countries and that is why a better understanding of their pathogenesis and underlying mechanisms is necessary for controlling their healthcare burden.In this review, we aim to gather the data of researches which have investigated the role of ANRIL in aging and its related diseases. The conclusions of this paper might give a new insight for decreasing the mortality rate of these diseases.

Construction of stomach adenocarcinoma prognostic signature based on anoikis-related lncRNAs and clinical significance

As a dominant type of gastric cancer, stomach adenocarcinoma (STAD) is characterized by high morbidity and mortality rates. Anoikis factors participate in tumor metastasis and invasion. This study was designed to identify prognostic risk factors in anoikis-related long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) for STAD. First, with STAD expression datasets and anoikis-related gene sets downloaded from public databases, anoikis-related prognostic lncRNA signatures (AC091057.1, ADAMTS9.AS1, AC090825.1, AC084880.3, EMX2OS, HHIP.AS1, AC016583.2, EDIL3.DT, DIRC1, LINC01614, and AC103702.2) were screened by Cox regression to establish a prognostic risk model. Kaplan-Meier and receiver operating characteristic curves were used to evaluate the survival status of patients and verify predictive accuracy of the model. Besides, risk score could be an independent prognostic factor to assess the prognosis of STAD patients. Nomograms of the prognostic model that combined clinical information and risk score could effectively predict survival of STAD patients, as validated by calibration curve. Gene ontology and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes enrichment analyses were performed for differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in high- and low-risk groups. These DEGs were related to neurotransmitter transmission, signal transmission, and endocytosis. Moreover, we analyzed immune status of different risk groups and found that STAD patients in low-risk group were more sensitive to immunotherapy. A prognostic risk assessment model for STAD using anoikis-related lncRNA genes was constructed here, which was proven to have high predictive accuracy and thus could offer a reference for prognostic evaluation and clinical treatment of STAD patients.

The Long Non-Coding RNA ANRIL in Cancers

ANRIL (Antisense Noncoding RNA in the INK4 Locus), a long non-coding RNA encoded in the human chromosome 9p21 region, is a critical factor for regulating gene expression by interacting with multiple proteins and miRNAs. It has been found to play important roles in various cellular processes, including cell cycle control and proliferation. Dysregulation of ANRIL has been associated with several diseases like cancers and cardiovascular diseases, for instance. Understanding the oncogenic role of ANRIL and its potential as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in cancer is crucial. This review provides insights into the regulatory mechanisms and oncogenic significance of the 9p21 locus and ANRIL in cancer.

Long non-coding RNAs modulate tumor microenvironment to promote metastasis: novel avenue for therapeutic intervention

Cancer is a devastating disease and the primary cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, with cancer metastasis responsible for 90% of cancer-related deaths. Cancer metastasis is a multistep process characterized by spreading of cancer cells from the primary tumor and acquiring molecular and phenotypic changes that enable them to expand and colonize in distant organs. Despite recent advancements, the underlying molecular mechanism(s) of cancer metastasis is limited and requires further exploration. In addition to genetic alterations, epigenetic changes have been demonstrated to play an important role in the development of cancer metastasis. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are considered one of the most critical epigenetic regulators. By regulating signaling pathways and acting as decoys, guides, and scaffolds, they modulate key molecules in every step of cancer metastasis such as dissemination of carcinoma cells, intravascular transit, and metastatic colonization. Gaining a good knowledge of the detailed molecular basis underlying lncRNAs regulating cancer metastasis may provide previously unknown therapeutic and diagnostic lncRNAs for patients with metastatic disease. In this review, we concentrate on the molecular mechanisms underlying lncRNAs in the regulation of cancer metastasis, the cross-talk with metabolic reprogramming, modulating cancer cell anoikis resistance, influencing metastatic microenvironment, and the interaction with pre-metastatic niche formation. In addition, we also discuss the clinical utility and therapeutic potential of lncRNAs for cancer treatment. Finally, we also represent areas for future research in this rapidly developing field.

A biomechanical view of epigenetic tumor regulation

The occurrence and development of tumors depend on a complex regulation by not only biochemical cues, but also biomechanical factors in tumor microenvironment. With the development of epigenetic theory, the regulation of biomechanical stimulation on tumor progress genetically is not enough to fully illustrate the mechanism of tumorigenesis. However, biomechanical regulation on tumor progress epigenetically is still in its infancy. Therefore, it is particularly important to integrate the existing relevant researches and develop the potential exploration. This work sorted out the existing researches on the regulation of tumor by biomechanical factors through epigenetic means, which contains summarizing the tumor epigenetic regulatory mode by biomechanical factors, exhibiting the influence of epigenetic regulation under mechanical stimulation, illustrating its existing applications, and prospecting the potential. This review aims to display the relevant knowledge through integrating the existing studies on epigenetic regulation in tumorigenesis under mechanical stimulation so as to provide theoretical basis and new ideas for potential follow-up research and clinical applications. Mechanical factors under physiological conditions stimulate the tumor progress through epigenetic ways, and new strategies are expected to be found with the development of epidrugs and related delivery systems.

The potential roles and mechanisms of non-coding RNAs in cancer anoikis resistance

Increasing evidence indicates that anoikis resistance is a critical process for metastasis of cancer cells, making it the attractive therapeutic target for cancer benefit. Anoikis resistance is widely regulated by various factors, such as signaling pathways, integrins switch, and non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs). ncRNAs composed of microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs), are frequently dysregulated in a variety of human malignancies and are closely related to anoikis resistance of cancer cells. Based on the available literature, we reviewed the molecular basis underlying ncRNAs modulating cancer cells anoikis resistance, which may contribute to a better understanding of cancer metastasis and provide new beneficial therapeutic strategies against cancer.

Long non-coding RNA ANRIL interacts with microRNA-34a and microRNA-125a, and they all correlate with disease risk and severity of Parkinson's disease

BACKGROUND

This study aimed to investigate the correlation of long non-coding RNA antisense non-coding RNA in the INK4 locus (lncRNA ANRIL) and its target microRNAs (microRNA-34a (miR-34a) and microRNA-125a (miR-125a)) with disease risk and severity of Parkinson's disease (PD).

METHODS

Seventy-eight PD patients and 78 age-/gender-matched controls were consecutively enrolled. Their peripheral blood mononuclear cell samples were collected and proposed for the reverse-transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction to complete lncRNA ANRIL, miR-34a, and miR-125a measurements.

RESULTS

LncRNA ANRIL was upregulated, while miR-34a and miR-125a were downregulated in PD patients compared to controls (all p < 0.001). Further, they all showed certain values for PD risk identification by ROC curve analyses, among which lncRNA ANRIL showed the highest AUC (AUC: 0.879, 95% CI: 0.824-0.934). Furthermore, lncRNA ANRIL negatively correlated with miR-34a (p = 0.016) and miR-125a (p = 0.005) in PD patients, but not in controls. In addition, lncRNA ANRIL was observed to positively associate with UPDRS-I score (p = 0.029), UPDRS-III score (p = 0.006), and UPDRS-IV score (p = 0.033), while negatively correlated with MMSE score (p = 0.003). These associations were less distinct as to miR-34a and miR-125a.

CONCLUSION

LncRNA ANRIL interacts with miR-34a and miR-125a in PD patients, and they all correlate with disease risk and severity of PD.

Serum lncRNA-ANRIL and SOX9 expression levels in glioma patients and their relationship with poor prognosis

Background

lncRNA-CDKN2B antisense RNA 1 (ANRIL) and SRY-box transcription factor 9 (SOX9) has abnormal expression in many tumors including glioma, but the underlying molecular mechanism is unclear. This study set out to investigate the serum lncRNA-ANRIL and SOX9 levels in glioma patients and their effects on prognosis.

Methods

We enrolled 142 glioma patients admitted to our hospital from May 2014 to May 2016 into the research group (RG) and 120 healthy subjects receiving concurrent physical examinations into the control group (CG). Fasting peripheral blood (4 mL each) was sampled from subjects from the two groups. Using the quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), lncRNA-ANRIL and SOX9 were measured to explore their values in the early diagnosis of glioma. Patients from RG were followed up for 3 years to analyze the influence of lncRNA-ANRIL and SOX9 on patient prognosis. We purchased glioma cell lines U251 and U87 and grouped them according to the transfection of different plasmids. We conducted CCK8 assay to test cell proliferation, Transwell assay to test cell invasion, the flow cytometry to test cell apoptosis, and Western Blot assay to measure bcl-2 and bax protein levels.

Results

ANRIL and SOX9 were evidently higher in RG than in CG (P<0.01). The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve revealed that the diagnostic sensitivity of ANRIL combined with SOX9 for glioma was 81.62%, and the specificity was 90.83% (P<0.01). ANRIL and SOX9 were closely related to tumor grade, tumor diameter, distant metastasis, and family history of glioma (P<0.01). In total, 135 patients were successfully followed up (95.07%). Patients with high levels of ANRIL and SOX9 had a markedly poorer prognosis than those with low levels (P<0.05). ANRIL and SOX9 were markedly higher in glioma cell lines (U251 and U87) than in normal brain cells (P<0.01). The proliferation and invasion of U251 cells were notably reduced after the transfection of ANRIL and SOX9 inhibitory sequences (P<0.01), but the apoptosis was notably increased (P<0.01). Bcl-2 expression was markedly increased in lncRNA-ANRIL-inhibitor and SOX9-inhibitor (P<0.01), while bax expression was markedly reduced in lncRNA-ANRIL-inhibitor and SOX9-inhibitor (P<0.01).

Conclusion

lncRNA-ANRIL and SOX9 levels were higher in glioma patients than in healthy people. High-lncRNA-ANRIL and SOX9 levels were strongly associated with unfavorable prognosis of patients. The testing of biological behaviors revealed that lncRNA-ANRIL and SOX9 worked as tumor-promoting genes in glioma.

Long Non-Coding RNAs in Diagnosis, Treatment, Prognosis, and Progression of Glioma: A State-of-the-Art Review

Glioma is the most common malignant central nervous system tumor with significant mortality and morbidity. Despite considerable advances, the exact molecular pathways involved in tumor progression are not fully elucidated, and patients commonly face a poor prognosis. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have recently drawn extra attention for their potential roles in different types of cancer as well as non-malignant diseases. More than 200 lncRNAs have been reported to be associated with glioma. We aimed to assess the roles of the most investigated lncRNAs in different stages of tumor progression and the mediating molecular pathways in addition to their clinical applications. lncRNAs are involved in different stages of tumor formation, invasion, and progression, including regulating the cell cycle, apoptosis, autophagy, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, tumor stemness, angiogenesis, the integrity of the blood-tumor-brain barrier, tumor metabolism, and immunological responses. The well-known oncogenic lncRNAs, which are upregulated in glioma, are H19, HOTAIR, PVT1, UCA1, XIST, CRNDE, FOXD2-AS1, ANRIL, HOXA11-AS, TP73-AS1, and DANCR. On the other hand, MEG3, GAS5, CCASC2, and TUSC7 are tumor suppressor lncRNAs, which are downregulated. While most studies reported oncogenic effects for MALAT1, TUG1, and NEAT1, there are some controversies regarding these lncRNAs. Expression levels of lncRNAs can be associated with tumor grade, survival, treatment response (chemotherapy drugs or radiotherapy), and overall prognosis. Moreover, circulatory levels of lncRNAs, such as MALAT1, H19, HOTAIR, NEAT1, TUG1, GAS5, LINK-A, and TUSC7, can provide non-invasive diagnostic and prognostic tools. Modulation of expression of lncRNAs using antisense oligonucleotides can lead to novel therapeutics. Notably, a profound understanding of the underlying molecular pathways involved in the function of lncRNAs is required to develop novel therapeutic targets. More investigations with large sample sizes and increased focus on in-vivo models are required to expand our understanding of the potential roles and application of lncRNAs in glioma.

The role of lncRNA ANRIL in the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma

OBJECTIVES

The aim of the current study was to identify the long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) ANRIL function and molecular pathways underlying hepatocellular carcinoma progression.

METHODS

ANRIL knockdown with specific siRNA, and transfected into HepG2 cells according to the protocol of Lipofectamine 2000. Cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration and metastasis were assessed with MTT assay, flow cytometry and wound healing assay, respectively. Moreover, the expression level of ANRIL, apoptosis-related genes, and the Wnt pathway-associated genes were assessed by real time-PCR and Western blot assay.

KEY FINDINGS

Knocking down of ANRIL led to alleviated cell growth and increased cell apoptosis of HepG2 cells through markedly increased expression levels of Bax and Bad. In contrast, dramatically diminished the expressions of anti-apoptotic factors including Bid and Bcl-2 in comparison to the scrambled control group (si-NC). Furthermore, ANRIL silencing resulted in an inactivated Wnt/β-catenin pathway by suppressing key genes associated with this pathway.

CONCLUSIONS

Taken together, these findings imply new insights into the regulatory network of the Wnt pathway through lncRNA ANRIL that indicate ANRIL may be a therapeutic factor potential for hepatocellular carcinoma.

Mechanisms for Modulating Anoikis Resistance in Cancer and the Relevance of Metabolic Reprogramming

The attachment of cells to the extracellular matrix (ECM) is the hallmark of structure–function stability and well-being. ECM detachment in localized tumors precedes abnormal dissemination of tumor cells culminating in metastasis. Programmed cell death (PCD) is activated during tumorigenesis to clear off ECM-detached cells through “anoikis.” However, cancer cells develop several mechanisms for abrogating anoikis, thus promoting their invasiveness and metastasis. Specific factors, such as growth proteins, pH, transcriptional signaling pathways, and oxidative stress, have been reported as drivers of anoikis resistance, thus enhancing cancer proliferation and metastasis. Recent studies highlighted the key contributions of metabolic pathways, enabling the cells to bypass anoikis. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms driving anoikis resistance could help to counteract tumor progression and prevent metastasis. This review elucidates the dynamics employed by cancer cells to impede anoikis, thus promoting proliferation, invasion, and metastasis. In addition, the authors have discussed other metabolic intermediates (especially amino acids and nucleotides) that are less explored, which could be crucial for anoikis resistance and metastasis.

TIGIT/PVR and LncRNA ANRIL dual-targetable PAMAM polymeric nanoparticles efficiently inhibited the hepatoma carcinoma by combination of immunotherapy and gene therapy

Herein, a novel polymeric nanoparticle was designed to inhibit hepatoma carcinoma by simultaneously targeting the T cell immunoreceptor with Ig and ITIM domains (TIGIT)/poliovirus receptor (PVR) and long noncoding RNAs antisense noncoding RNA in the INK4 locus (LncRNA ANRIL). Firstly, the siANRIL-loaded nanoparticles (NP-siANRIL) was developed by methoxy-poly (ethylene glycol)-polyamidoamine (mPEG-PAMAM) and polyamidoamine-poly (ethylene glycol)-disulphide bond-carboxyl (PAMAM-PEG-S₂-COOH) using the self-assembly method. Then the ^DTBP-3 peptide, a newly developed identified peptide which could occupy the binding interface and effectively block the interaction of TIGIT with its ligand PVR, was further conjugated on the surface of NP-siANRIL via the glutathione (GSH)-sensitive disulphide linkage. In this way, the binding ability of ^DTBP-3 to TIGIT was remained once they were entrapped into the tumour tissues which were abundant of GSH. The present study demonstrated that ^DTBP-3NP-siANRIL exhibited an excellent anti-tumour effect on hepatoma carcinoma in vivo by simultaneously inhibited the expression of miR-203a and its downstream genes and increased the percentages of NK cells and T cells. In a word, the present study has presented a novel strategy for treatment of hepatoma carcinoma by simultaneously targeting of TIGIT/PVR and LncRNA ANRIL.

The Role of Noncoding RNAs in the Regulation of Anoikis and Anchorage-Independent Growth in Cancer

Cancer is a global health concern, and the prognosis of patients with cancer is associated with metastasis. Multistep processes are involved in cancer metastasis. Accumulating evidence has shown that cancer cells acquire the capacity of anoikis resistance and anchorage-independent cell growth, which are critical prerequisite features of metastatic cancer cells. Multiple cellular factors and events, such as apoptosis, survival factors, cell cycle, EMT, stemness, autophagy, and integrins influence the anoikis resistance and anchorage-independent cell growth in cancer. Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), such as microRNAs (miRNAs) and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), are dysregulated in cancer. They regulate cellular signaling pathways and events, eventually contributing to cancer aggressiveness. This review presents the role of miRNAs and lncRNAs in modulating anoikis resistance and anchorage-independent cell growth. We also discuss the feasibility of ncRNA-based therapy and the natural features of ncRNAs that need to be contemplated for more beneficial therapeutic strategies against cancer.

The Role of Non-Coding RNAs in Controlling Cell Cycle Related Proteins in Cancer Cells

Cell cycle is regulated by a number of proteins namely cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) and their associated cyclins which bind with and activate CDKs in a phase specific manner. Additionally, several transcription factors (TFs) such as E2F and p53 and numerous signaling pathways regulate cell cycle progression. Recent studies have accentuated the role of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs) in the regulation of cell cycle. Both lncRNAs and miRNAs interact with TFs participating in the regulation of cell cycle transition. Dysregulation of cell cycle regulatory miRNAs and lncRNAs results in human disorders particularly cancers. Understanding the role of lncRNAs, miRNAs, and TFs in the regulation of cell cycle would pave the way for design of anticancer therapies which intervene with the cell cycle progression. In the current review, we describe the role of lncRNAs and miRNAs in the regulation of cell cycle and their association with human malignancies.

Long noncoding RNA ANRIL as a novel biomarker in human cancer

The long noncoding RNA ANRIL, located in the human chromosome 9p21 region, has been reported to be involved in tumor progression. ANRIL regulates gene expression via recruiting PRC2 or titrating miRNA; it also participates in signaling pathways. Evidence has indicated that ANRIL is overexpressed in many cancer types and is capable of enhancing cell proliferation and cell cycle progression and inhibiting apoptosis and senescence. ANRIL has the potential to serve as a biomarker for diagnosis and prognosis in cancer. In this article we focus on recent advances in studies of the oncogenic role of ANRIL and its potential role in cancer medicine.

Clinicopathological and Prognostic Value of Gastric Carcinoma Highly Expressed Transcript 1 in Cancer: A Meta-Analysis

Background

Long noncoding RNA gastric cancer highly expressed transcript 1 (lncRNA GHET1) is often reported to be abnormally expressed in multiple cancers, but the situation is different in different cancers. Therefore, a meta-analysis is necessary to clarify the value of lncRNA GHET1 as a prognostic indicator in cancer.

Methods

Relevant research studies on lncRNA GHET1 and cancer were retrieved from three electronic literature databases of Web of Science, PubMed, and OVID. Meanwhile, hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to explore the relationship between lncRNA GHET1 expression and survival of cancer patients. The odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CIs were calculated to assess the association of lncRNA GHET1 expression with pathological parameters of cancer patients.

Results

The meta-analysis included a total of 11 studies involving 714 cancer patients. The pooled HR suggests that high lncRNA GHET1 expression is associated with poor overall survival. In addition, high expression of lncRNA GHET1 was found to be associated with larger tumor size, poor histological grade, high tumor stage, lymph node metastasis, and distant metastasis.

Conclusions

High lncRNA GHET1 expression can predict poor survival and pathological parameters. And lncRNA GHET1 could serve as a new indicator in multiple cancers.

Roles of long non-coding RNAs in the hallmarks of glioma

Glioma is one of the most common types of tumor of the central nervous system. Due to the aggressiveness and invasiveness of high-level gliomas, the survival time of patients with these tumors is short, at ~15 months, even after combined treatment with surgery, radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy. Recently, a number of studies have demonstrated that long non-coding RNA (lncRNAs) serve crucial roles in the multistep development of human gliomas. Gliomas acquire numerous biological abilities during multistep development that collectively constitute the hallmarks of glioma. Thus, in this review, the roles of lncRNAs associated with glioma hallmarks and the current and future prospects for their development are summarized.

LncRNA RGMB-AS1 Promotes Glioma Growth and Invasion Through miR-1200/HOXB2 Axis

Background

Dysfunction of long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) is associated with tumorigenesis of various malignancies, including glioma. LncRNA RGMB-AS1 (RGMB antisense RNA 1) has been reported to participate in initiation and progression of several cancers, such as lung cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma and laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Nevertheless, whether RGMB-AS1 regulates glioma development is not investigated. In this study, we aimed to determine its roles in glioma.

Methods

qRT-PCR and Western blotting were used to measure gene expression. CCK8 and colony formation assays were utilized to analyze proliferation. Transwell assay was used to determine cell migration and invasion. Luciferase reporter assay was used to validate the interactions among RGMB-AS1, miR-1200 and HOXB2.

Results

RGMB-AS1 was upregulated in glioma tissues and associated with glioma grade and patients' prognosis. Moreover, RGMB-AS1 silencing significantly inhibited the proliferation, migration and invasion of glioma cells. RGMB-AS1 downregulation led to more tumor cells arrested in the quiescent state. Mechanistically, we found that RGMB-AS1 was a molecular sponge for miR-1200. MiR-1200 level was inhibited by RGMB-AS1. And RGMB-AS1 promoted HOXB2 expression via sponging miR-1200. Restoration of HOXB2 effectively rescued the abilities of proliferation, migration and invasion in RGMB-AS1-depleted glioma cells.

Conclusion

Collectively, our work clarified that RGMB-AS1/miR-1200/HOXB2 signaling exerts an essential role in regulating glioma progression.

Impact of four lncRNA polymorphisms (rs2151280, rs7763881, rs1136410, and rs3787016) on glioma risk and prognosis: A case-control study

Long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) polymorphisms are reportedly in connection with tumor susceptibility and prognosis. Glioma is one of the most aggressive and common cancers of the central nervous system. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between four lncRNA variants and glioma susceptibility and prognosis in a Chinese Han population. Sequenom Mass-ARRAY was used to genotype 605 patients with glioma and 1300 cancer-free individuals. Odds ratios or hazard ratios and related 95% confidence intervals were calculated to estimate the correlations. Logistic and Cox regression models, log-rank tests, and Kaplan-Meier curves were used for the statistical analysis. Six inheritance models showed that ANRIL rs2151280 variant genotype (A>G) was related to the susceptibility of glioma, while the other three lncRNAs showed no association. Patients treated with temozolomide or nimustine had better progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) than those treated with platinum. Besides, patients aged older than 40 years showed a poorer OS. The Cox multivariate analysis revealed that the rs1136410 GG genotype (A>G) was beneficial for OS and PFS. The Kaplan-Meier analyses indicated that rs1136410 A>G and the rs7763881 A>C were associated with longer OS. ANRIL rs2151280 variant genotype might increase susceptibility of glioma. In addition, PARP1 rs1136410 variant genotype could be beneficial for the overall survival of patients with glioma. More research data are needed to further validate our results.

Meta-analysis of the prognostic value of lncRNA DANCR for cancer patients in China

Background

Abnormal expression of long non-coding RNA anti-differentiation noncoding RNA (lncRNA DANCR) can frequently be detected in cancer. Because of this, it is of vital necessity to perform a meta-analysis to clarify the value of lncRNA DANCR as a prognostic marker in malignant tumors.

Methods

Related studies were retrieved from electronic databases including Web of Science, PubMed, and OVID, from inception to November 21, 2018. The HRs and corresponding 95% CIs were also calculated to explore the relationship of lncRNA DANCR expression with patient survival. Moreover, ORs were computed to assess the association of lncRNA DANCR expression with the pathological parameters.

Results

A total of 14 studies involving 1,117 patients were included in this meta-analysis. The pooled HR suggested that high lncRNA DANCR expression was correlated with poor overall survival (OS; HR =1.85, 95% CI: 1.56–2.18) and disease-free survival (DFS; HR =2.49, 95% CI: 1.75–3.56) in cancer patients. Besides, High lncRNA DANCR expression was related to poor histological grade (PHG; OR =2.01, 95% CI: 1.08–3.75), high tumor stage (HTS; OR =3.52, 95% CI: 1.67–7.43), lymph node metastasis (LNM; OR =3.47, 95% CI: 1.42–8.49), and distant metastasis (DM; OR =4.76, 95% CI: 2.39–9.51). However, no evidence of obvious asymmetry was found for DFS (Pr>|z|=0.308), PHG (Pr>|z|=0.707), LNM (Pr>|z|=0.174), and DM (Pr>|z|=0.734) using Begg’s funnel plot.

Conclusion

Our findings suggest that high lncRNA DANCR expression can predict poor OS, DFS, PHG, HTS, LNM, and DM in cancer patients, implying that high lncRNA DANCR expression may potentially serve as a new indicator for poor prognosis and metastasis in cancer.

lncRNA small nucleolar RNA host gene 20 predicts poor prognosis in glioma and promotes cell proliferation by silencing P21

Background

In multiple cancers, long non-coding RNA small nucleolar RNA host gene 20 (lncRNA SNHG20) is generally dysregulated. In the present study, both the biological role and clinicopathological value of lncRNA SNHG20 in glioma are explored.

Methods

Real-time PCR was employed to determine lncRNA SNHG20 expression in glioma patients. The prognostic role of expression of lncRNA SNHG20 was evaluated in a retrospective cohort study. In addition, the association between lncRNA SNHG20 expression and the clinicopathological features of glioma patients, such as tumor recurrence, survival status, follow-up time, WHO grade, resection extent, tumor location, Karnofsky performance scale score, cystic change, tumor size, gender and age, was discussed. By constructing and transfecting siRNAs that targeted lncRNA SNHG20 into the glioma U87 cells, the effects of lncRNA SNHG20 on the proliferation and cell cycle of U87 cells were assessed through cell counting kit-8, colony formation and cell cycle assays, respectively. In addition, Western blot and real-time PCR measured the expression levels of P21 and CCNA1 in U87 cells after being transfected with SNHG20 siRNA.

Results

Our results suggested the high expression of lncRNA SNHG20 in human glioma tissues compared with normal brain tissues, which was related to recurrence-free survival and poor overall survival in glioma patients. According to the existing retrospective cohort study, high lncRNA SNHG20 expression was associated with tumor size, extent of resection, WHO grade, follow-up time, survival status and recurrence. Besides, knocking down the expression of lncRNA SNHG20 could inhibit the proliferation and colony formation abilities of glioma U87 cells through cell cycle arrest. Consequently, the expression of CCNA1 was inhibited, and the expression of P21 was up-regulated in U87 cells.

Conclusion

A high lncRNA SNHG20 expression level predicts the poor prognosis for glioma patients. Moreover, lncRNA SNHG20 can promote glioma proliferation through silencing P21 and thus lncRNA SNHG20 is an independent potential prognostic biomarker for glioma patients.