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Han X, Li L, Xie J, Lei Q, Li Y, Liu H, Sun H, Zhang X, Gou X. Vitexin promotes the anti-senescence effect via inhibiting JAK2/STAT3 in D-Galactose-induced progeria mice and stress-induced premature senescence. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 980:176865. [PMID: 39084453 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 07/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
Vitexin is a natural flavonoid glycoside compound extracted from the leaves and seeds of Vitex negundo. It is widely distributed in the leaves and stems of numerous plants and exhibites remarkable anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, and anti-hypertensive properties. However, whether vitexin presents the anti-aging and senescence prevention effect has not been fully elucidated. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of vitexin on progeria mice and cellular senescence, as well as its underlying molecular mechanisms. To generate a premature aging/senescence model in vivo and in vitro, we used D-galactose (D-gal), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and adriamycin (ADR), respectively. Our findings demonstrated that vitexin potentially delays D-gal-induced progeria mice; similar effects were observed in stress-induced premature senescent fibroblasts in culture. Interestingly, this effect of vitexin is closely correlated with the reduction of the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) and the inhibition of the SASP-related JAK2/STAT3 pathway. Furthermore, we determined that vitexin meets the pharmacological parameters using the freely available ADMET web tool. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that vitexin possesses anti-senescence and anti-aging properties due to the inhibition of SASP and suppression of JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojuan Han
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Brain Disorders & Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, No.1 Xinwang Road, Xi'an, 710021, China; Engineering Research Center of Brain Diseases Drug Development, Universities of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an Medical University, No.1 Xinwang Road, Xi'an, 710021, China.
| | - Lu Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jiamei Xie
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Brain Disorders & Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, No.1 Xinwang Road, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Qing Lei
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Brain Disorders & Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, No.1 Xinwang Road, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Yansong Li
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Brain Disorders & Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, No.1 Xinwang Road, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Huan Liu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Brain Disorders & Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, No.1 Xinwang Road, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Haoran Sun
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Brain Disorders & Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, No.1 Xinwang Road, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Xiaohua Zhang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Brain Disorders & Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, No.1 Xinwang Road, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Xingchun Gou
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Brain Disorders & Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, No.1 Xinwang Road, Xi'an, 710021, China; Engineering Research Center of Brain Diseases Drug Development, Universities of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an Medical University, No.1 Xinwang Road, Xi'an, 710021, China.
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2
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Jantakee K, Panwong S, Sattayawat P, Sumankan R, Saengmuang S, Choowongkomon K, Panya A. Clinacanthus nutans (Burm. f.) Lindau Extract Inhibits Dengue Virus Infection and Inflammation in the Huh7 Hepatoma Cell Line. Antibiotics (Basel) 2024; 13:705. [PMID: 39200005 PMCID: PMC11350823 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13080705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2024] [Revised: 06/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) infection has emerged as a global health problem, with no specific treatment available presently. Clinacanthus nutans (Burm. f.) Lindau extract has been used in traditional medicine for its anti-inflammatory and antiviral properties. We thus hypothesized C. nutans had a broad-ranged activity to inhibit DENV and the liver inflammation caused by DENV infection. The study showed that treatment using C. nutans extract during DENV infection (co-infection step) showed the highest efficiency in lowering the viral antigen concentration to 22.87 ± 6.49% at 31.25 μg/mL. In addition, the virus-host cell binding assay demonstrated that C. nutans treatment greatly inhibited the virus after its binding to Huh7 cells. Moreover, it could remarkably lower the expression of cytokine and chemokine genes, including TNF-α, CXCL10, IL-6, and IL-8, in addition to inflammatory mediator COX-2 genes. Interestingly, the activation of the NF-κB signaling cascade after C. nutans extract treatment was dramatically decreased, which could be the underlying mechanism of its anti-inflammatory activity. The HPLC profile showed that gallic acid was the bioactive compound of C. nutans extract and might be responsible for the antiviral properties of C. nutans. Taken together, our results revealed the potential of C. nutans extract to inhibit DENV infection and lower inflammation in infected cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanyaluck Jantakee
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (K.J.); (P.S.)
| | - Suthida Panwong
- Doctoral of Philosophy Program in Applied Microbiology (International Program), Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
| | - Pachara Sattayawat
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (K.J.); (P.S.)
- Cell Engineering for Cancer Therapy Research Group, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Ratchaneewan Sumankan
- Graduate Master’s Degree Program in Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (R.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Sasithorn Saengmuang
- Graduate Master’s Degree Program in Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (R.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Kiattawee Choowongkomon
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand;
| | - Aussara Panya
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (K.J.); (P.S.)
- Cell Engineering for Cancer Therapy Research Group, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
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Dos Santos IIP, Silva MDCC, Ferraz CG, Ribeiro PR. Flavonoids, biphenyls and xanthones from the genus Clusia: chemistry, biological activities and chemophenetics relevance. Nat Prod Res 2024:1-14. [PMID: 38498692 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2024.2330515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Clusia is one of the most important genera of the Clusiaceae family, comprising up to 400 species. This review describes the identification of twenty-two flavonoids from Clusia species, which includes five flavonols (1-4 and 11), six flavones (5-10), one catechin (12), one flavanone (13), and nine biflavonoids (14-22). O- and C-glycosylation are frequently observed amongst these flavonoids. Furthermore, seven biphenyls (23-29) and nine xanthones (30-38) have been isolated from Clusia species. Biphenyls and xanthones show limited occurrence within the genus, but together with biosynthetic insights, they might offer important chemophenetics leads for the consolidation of the genus Clusia within the Clusiaceae family. Altogether, this work provides an overview of the chemistry of the genus Clusia in terms of flavonoids, biphenyls and xanthones, as well as it discusses biological activities and chemophenetics of the isolated compounds, when appropriate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismirna I P Dos Santos
- Metabolomics Research Group, Departamento de Química Orgânica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química Aplicada, Departamento de Ciências Exatas e da Terra - Campus I da UNEB, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Maria do Carmo C Silva
- Metabolomics Research Group, Departamento de Química Orgânica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Caline G Ferraz
- Metabolomics Research Group, Departamento de Química Orgânica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química Aplicada, Departamento de Ciências Exatas e da Terra - Campus I da UNEB, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Paulo R Ribeiro
- Metabolomics Research Group, Departamento de Química Orgânica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química Aplicada, Departamento de Ciências Exatas e da Terra - Campus I da UNEB, Salvador, Brazil
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Luo X, Gong Y, Jiang Q, Wang Q, Li S, Liu L. Isoquercitrin promotes ferroptosis and oxidative stress in nasopharyngeal carcinoma via the AMPK/NF-κB pathway. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2024; 38:e23542. [PMID: 37712196 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Isoquercitrin has been discovered with various biological properties, including anticancer, anti-inflammation, antioxidation, and neuroprotection. The aim of this study is to explore the efficacy of isoquercitrin in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and to disclose its potential regulating mechanisms. CNE1 and HNE1 cells were treated with various concentrations of isoquercitrin. Ferrostatin-1 (Fer-1, a ferroptosis inhibitor) and alpha-lipoic acid (ALA, an activator of the AMP-activated protein kinase [AMPK] pathway) treatments were conducted to verify the effects of isoquercitrin, respectively. Cell viability, proliferation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and lipid peroxidation were determined, respectively. GPX4 expression and ferroptosis- and pathway-related protein expression were measured. A xenograft tumor model was constructed by subcutaneously inoculating CNE1 cells into the middle groin of each mouse. We found that the IC50 values of CNE1 and HNE1 cells were 392.45 and 411.38 μM, respectively. CNE1 and HNE1 viability and proliferation were both markedly reduced with the increasing concentration of isoquercitrin. ROS generation and lipid peroxidation were both enhanced with declined ferroptosis-related markers under isoquercitrin treatment. The nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) pathway, the AMPK pathway, and the interleukin (IL)-1β expression were all markedly suppressed by isoquercitrin. Moreover, isoquercitrin restrained the tumor growth and enhanced lipid peroxidation and ferroptosis in vivo. Interestingly, both Fer-1 and ALA treatments distinctly offset isoquercitrin-induced effects in vitro and in vivo. These findings indicated that isoquercitrin might enhance oxidative stress and ferroptosis in NPC via AMPK/NF-κB p65 inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinggu Luo
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan Province, China
| | - Yongqian Gong
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan Province, China
| | - Qingshan Jiang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan Province, China
| | - Qin Wang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan Province, China
| | - Songtao Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan Province, China
| | - Lijun Liu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan Province, China
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Sehrawat N, Yadav M, Kumar S, Devi A, Singh R, Sharma V, Dhama K, Lorenzo JM, Sharma AK. Mung bean as a potent emerging functional food having anticancer therapeutic potential: Mechanistic insight and recent updates. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2023; 70:2002-2016. [PMID: 37574464 DOI: 10.1002/bab.2505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is still a major challenge for humans. In recent years, researchers have focused on plant-based metabolites as a safe, efficient, alternative or combinatorial, as well as cost-effective preventive strategy against carcinogenesis. Mung bean is an important nutritious legume, and known for providing various health benefits due to various bioactive phytochemicals and easily digestible proteins. Regular intake of mung bean helps to regulate metabolism by affecting the growth and survival of good microbes in the host gut. Mung bean has also been reported to have anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antiproliferative, and immunomodulatory properties. These properties may possess the preventive potential of mung bean against carcinogenesis. Bibliographic databases for peer-reviewed research literature were searched through a structured conceptual approach using focused review questions on mung beans, anticancer, therapeutics, and functional foods along with inclusion/exclusion criteria. For the appraisal of the quality of retrieved articles, standard tools were employed. A deductive qualitative content analysis methodology further led us to analyze outcomes of the research and review articles. The present review provides recent updates on the anticancer potential of mung bean and the possible mechanism of action thereof to prevent carcinogenesis and metastasis. Extensive research on the active metabolites and mechanisms of action is required to establish the anticancer potential of mung bean. Keeping the above facts in view, mung bean should be investigated for its bioactive compounds, to be considered as functional food of the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirmala Sehrawat
- Department of Bio-Sciences and Technology, M.M.E.C., Maharishi Markandeshwar (deemed to be University), Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, India
| | - Mukesh Yadav
- Department of Bio-Sciences and Technology, M.M.E.C., Maharishi Markandeshwar (deemed to be University), Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, India
| | - Sunil Kumar
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Bio-medical Sciences, Kampala International University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Ashwanti Devi
- Department of Bio-Sciences and Technology, M.M.E.C., Maharishi Markandeshwar (deemed to be University), Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, India
| | - Rajbir Singh
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Haryana, Gurugram, Haryana, India
| | - Varruchi Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology & Bioinformatics, Sri Guru Gobind Singh College, Chandigarh, India
| | - Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Jose M Lorenzo
- Centro Tecnológico de la Carne de Galicia, Adva. Galicia n° 4, Parque Tecnológico de Galicia, San Cibrao das Viñas, Ourense, Spain
- Área de Tecnoloxía dos Alimentos, Facultade de Ciencias de Ourense, Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, Ourense, Spain
| | - Anil Kumar Sharma
- Department of Bio-Sciences and Technology, M.M.E.C., Maharishi Markandeshwar (deemed to be University), Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, India
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Siak PY, Heng WS, Teoh SSH, Lwin YY, Cheah SC. Precision medicine in nasopharyngeal carcinoma: comprehensive review of past, present, and future prospect. J Transl Med 2023; 21:786. [PMID: 37932756 PMCID: PMC10629096 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04673-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is an aggressive malignancy with high propensity for lymphatic spread and distant metastasis. It is prominent as an endemic malignancy in Southern China and Southeast Asia regions. Studies on NPC pathogenesis mechanism in the past decades such as through Epstein Barr Virus (EBV) infection and oncogenic molecular aberrations have explored several potential targets for therapy and diagnosis. The EBV infection introduces oncoviral proteins that consequently hyperactivate many promitotic pathways and block cell-death inducers. EBV infection is so prevalent in NPC patients such that EBV serological tests were used to diagnose and screen NPC patients. On the other hand, as the downstream effectors of oncogenic mechanisms, the promitotic pathways can potentially be exploited therapeutically. With the apparent heterogeneity and distinct molecular aberrations of NPC tumor, the focus has turned into a more personalized treatment in NPC. Herein in this comprehensive review, we depict the current status of screening, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention in NPC. Subsequently, based on the limitations on those aspects, we look at their potential improvements in moving towards the path of precision medicine. The importance of recent advances on the key molecular aberration involved in pathogenesis of NPC for precision medicine progression has also been reported in the present review. Besides, the challenge and future outlook of NPC management will also be highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pui Yan Siak
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, UCSI University, Bandar Springhill, 71010, Port Dickson, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
| | - Win Sen Heng
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, UCSI University, Bandar Springhill, 71010, Port Dickson, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
| | - Sharon Siew Hoon Teoh
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, UCSI University, Bandar Springhill, 71010, Port Dickson, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
| | - Yu Yu Lwin
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Medicine, Mandalay, Myanmar
| | - Shiau-Chuen Cheah
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, UCSI University, Bandar Springhill, 71010, Port Dickson, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia.
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Chen D, Chen Y, Huang F, Zhang X, Zhou Y, Xu L. The underlying regulatory mechanisms of colorectal carcinoma by combining Vitexin and Aspirin: based on systems biology, molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulation, and in vitro study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1147132. [PMID: 37564983 PMCID: PMC10410442 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1147132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a highly prevalent digestive system malignancy. Aspirin is currently one of the most promising chemopreventive agents for CRC, and the combination of aspirin and natural compounds helps to enhance the anticancer activity of aspirin. Natural flavonoids like vitexin have an anticancer activity focusing on colorectal carcinoma. Methods This study investigated the potential mechanism of action of the novel combination of vitexin and aspirin against colorectal cancer through network pharmacology, molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulation, and in vitro experiments. Results The results of network pharmacology suggested that vitexin and aspirin regulate multiple signaling pathways through various target proteins such as NFKB1, PTGS2 (COX-2), MAPK1, MAPK3, and TP53. Cellular experiments revealed that the combined effect of vitexin and aspirin significantly inhibited HT-29 cell growth. Vitexin dose-dependently inhibited COX-2 expression in cells and enhanced the down-regulation of COX-2 and NF-κB expression in colorectal cancer cells by aspirin. Discussion This study provides a pharmacodynamic material and theoretical basis for applying agents against colorectal cancer to delay the development of drug resistance and improve the prognosis of cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dengsheng Chen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Sanming First Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Sanming, Fujian, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Sanming First Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Sanming, Fujian, China
| | - Fang Huang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Sanming First Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Sanming, Fujian, China
| | - Xiaoling Zhang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Sanming First Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Sanming, Fujian, China
| | - Yulv Zhou
- Department of Chinese Medicine and Anorectology, Sanming First Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Sanming, Fujian, China
| | - Luning Xu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Sanming First Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Sanming, Fujian, China
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Cao X, Liu Q, Adu-Frimpong M, Shi W, Liu K, Deng T, Yuan H, Weng X, Gao Y, Yu Q, Deng W, Yu J, Wang Q, Xiao G, Xu X. Microfluidic Generation of Near-Infrared Photothermal Vitexin/ICG Liposome with Amplified Photodynamic Therapy. AAPS PharmSciTech 2023; 24:82. [PMID: 36949351 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-023-02539-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioma, in which a malignant tumor cell occurs in neural mesenchymal cells, has a rapid progression and poor prognosis, which is still far from desirable in clinical treatments. We developed a lab-on-a-chip (LOC) device for the rapid and efficient preparation of vitexin/indocyanine green (ICG) liposomes. Vitexin could be released from liposome to kill cancer cell, which can potentially improve the glioma therapeutic effect and reduce the treatment time through synergistic photodynamic/photothermal therapies (PDT/PTT). The vitexin/ICG liposome was fabricated via LOC and its physicochemical property and release in vitro were evaluated. 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) method and live/dead staining were used to examine the enhanced antitumor effect of vitexin/ICG liposome in cooperation with PDT/PTT, while the related mechanism was explored by flow cytometry and western blot. The results were as follows: (1) The prepared vitexin/ICG liposome was smaller in size, homogenous in particle size distribution with significant low polydispersity index (PDI), and enhanced cumulative release in vitro. (2) We found that the formulated liposome presented strong cancer cell inhibition and suppression of its migration in a dose-dependent manner. (3) Further mechanistic studies showed that liposome combined with near-infrared irradiation could significantly upregulate levels of B cell lymphoma 2-associated X (Bax) protein and decrease B cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) at protein levels. The vitexin/ICG liposomes prepared based on a simple LOC platform can effectively enhance the solubility of insoluble drugs, and the combined effect of PTT/PDT can effectively increase their antitumor effect, which provides a simple and valid method for the clinical translation of liposomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Cao
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Centre for Nano Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, People's Republic of China
- Medicinal Function Development of New Food Resources, Jiangsu Provincial Research Center, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shanxi, 710072, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Centre for Nano Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, People's Republic of China
- Medicinal Function Development of New Food Resources, Jiangsu Provincial Research Center, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shanxi, 710072, People's Republic of China
| | - Michael Adu-Frimpong
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Centre for Nano Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, People's Republic of China
- Medicinal Function Development of New Food Resources, Jiangsu Provincial Research Center, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shanxi, 710072, People's Republic of China
- Department of Biochemistry and Forensic Sciences, School of Chemical and Biochemical Sciences, C. K. Tedam University of Technology and Applied Sciences (CKT-UTAS), Navrongo, UK-0215-5321, Ghana
| | - Wenwan Shi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Centre for Nano Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, People's Republic of China
- Medicinal Function Development of New Food Resources, Jiangsu Provincial Research Center, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shanxi, 710072, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Centre for Nano Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, People's Republic of China
- Medicinal Function Development of New Food Resources, Jiangsu Provincial Research Center, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shanxi, 710072, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianwen Deng
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Centre for Nano Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, People's Republic of China
- Medicinal Function Development of New Food Resources, Jiangsu Provincial Research Center, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shanxi, 710072, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Yuan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Centre for Nano Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, People's Republic of China
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shanxi, 710072, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuedi Weng
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Centre for Nano Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, People's Republic of China
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shanxi, 710072, People's Republic of China
| | - Yihong Gao
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Centre for Nano Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, People's Republic of China
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shanxi, 710072, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingtong Yu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Centre for Nano Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, People's Republic of China
- Medicinal Function Development of New Food Resources, Jiangsu Provincial Research Center, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shanxi, 710072, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenwen Deng
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Centre for Nano Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, People's Republic of China
- Medicinal Function Development of New Food Resources, Jiangsu Provincial Research Center, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shanxi, 710072, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiangnan Yu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Centre for Nano Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, People's Republic of China
- Medicinal Function Development of New Food Resources, Jiangsu Provincial Research Center, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shanxi, 710072, People's Republic of China
| | - Qilong Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Centre for Nano Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, People's Republic of China.
- Medicinal Function Development of New Food Resources, Jiangsu Provincial Research Center, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shanxi, 710072, People's Republic of China.
| | - Gao Xiao
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shanxi, 710072, People's Republic of China.
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, Fujian, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ximing Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Centre for Nano Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, People's Republic of China.
- Medicinal Function Development of New Food Resources, Jiangsu Provincial Research Center, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shanxi, 710072, People's Republic of China.
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Ong WY, Herr DR, Sun GY, Lin TN. Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Phytochemical Components of Clinacanthus nutans. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27113607. [PMID: 35684542 PMCID: PMC9182488 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27113607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies on the ethnomedicinal use of Clinacanthus nutans suggest promising anti-inflammatory, anti-tumorigenic, and antiviral properties for this plant. Extraction of the leaves with polar and nonpolar solvents has yielded many C-glycosyl flavones, including schaftoside, isoorientin, orientin, isovitexin, and vitexin. Aside from studies with different extracts, there is increasing interest to understand the properties of these components, especially regarding their ability to exert anti-inflammatory effects on cells and tissues. A major focus for this review is to obtain information on the effects of C. nutans extracts and its phytochemical components on inflammatory signaling pathways in the peripheral and central nervous system. Particular emphasis is placed on their role to target the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-NF-kB pathway and pro-inflammatory cytokines, the antioxidant defense pathway involving nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (NRF2) and heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1); and the phospholipase A2 (PLA2) pathway linking to cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and production of eicosanoids. The ability to provide a better understanding of the molecular targets and mechanism of action of C. nutans extracts and their phytochemical components should encourage future studies to develop new therapeutic strategies for better use of this herb to combat inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Yi Ong
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology Research Programme, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119260, Singapore
- Correspondence:
| | - Deron R. Herr
- Department of Pharmacology, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119260, Singapore;
| | - Grace Y. Sun
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA;
| | - Teng-Nan Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan;
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Qiu S, Chen J, Kim JT, Zhou Y, Moon JH, Lee SB, Park HJ, Lee HJ. Suppression of Adipogenesis and Fat Accumulation by Vitexin Through Activation of Hedgehog Signaling in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes. J Med Food 2022; 25:313-323. [PMID: 35320011 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2021.k.0163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Many studies have demonstrated that adipogenesis is associated with obesity, and the Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway regulates adipogenesis and obesity. Following the screening study of the chemical library evaluating the effect of vitexin on Gli1 transcriptional activity, vitexin was chosen as a candidate for antiadipogenic efficacy. Vitexin significantly reduced lipid accumulation and suppressed C/EBPα (CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein α) and PPARγ (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ) expression, which are known as key adipogenic factors in the early stages of adipogenesis by activating Hh signaling. Furthermore, Hh inhibitor GANT61 reversed the effect of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activator AICAR (5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide), indicating that Hh signaling is an upstream regulator of AMPK in 3T3-L1 cells. Vitexin suppressed adipogenesis by regulating Hh signaling and phosphorylation of AMPK, leading to the inhibition of fat formation. These results suggest that vitexin can be considered a potent dietary agent in alleviating lipid accumulation and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Qiu
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, South Korea
| | - Jing Chen
- Institute for Advanced and Applied Chemical Synthesis, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jin Tae Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, South Korea
| | - Yimeng Zhou
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, South Korea
| | - Ji Hyun Moon
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, South Korea
| | - Seung Beom Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, South Korea
| | - Ho Jin Park
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, South Korea
| | - Hong Jin Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, South Korea
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11
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Effects of Vitexin, a Natural Flavonoid Glycoside, on the Proliferation, Invasion, and Apoptosis of Human U251 Glioblastoma Cells. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:3129155. [PMID: 35281458 PMCID: PMC8906934 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3129155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma is a highly aggressive brain tumor characterized by high recurrence and poor prognosis. Vitexin has shown activities against esophageal, liver, lung, colorectal, and ovarian cancers; however, there is little knowledge on the activity of vitexin against glioblastoma. This study was therefore designed with aims to examine the effects of vitexin on proliferation, invasion, and apoptosis of human U251 glioblastoma cells and explore the underlying molecular mechanisms using mRNA sequencing and molecular docking. Vitexin was found to inhibit cell proliferation, colony formation, and invasion and promote apoptosis in U251 cells. mRNA sequencing identified 499 differentially expressed genes in vitexin-treated U251 cells relative to controls, including 154 upregulated genes and 345 downregulated genes. Gene ontology (GO) term enrichment analysis revealed that the upregulated genes were most significantly enriched in intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway and the downregulated genes were most significantly enriched in positive regulation of cell development and positive regulation of locomotion relating to biological processes, endoplasmic reticulum lumen and side of membrane relating to cellular components, and receptor ligand activity and receptor regulator activity relating to molecular functions. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis revealed that the upregulated genes were involved in the pathways of transcriptional misregulation in cancer and the downregulated genes were involved in FoxO and JAK/STAT signaling pathways. Western blotting assay revealed that vitexin treatment resulted in reduced p-JAK1, p-JAK3, and p-STAT3 protein expression in U251 cells relative to untreated controls, and molecular docking predicted that vitexin had docking scores of –8.8, –10.8, and –10.5 kJ/mol with STAT3, JAK1, and JAK2, respectively. The results of the present study demonstrate that vitexin inhibits the proliferation and invasion and induces the apoptosis of glioblastoma U251 cells through suppressing the JAK/STAT3 signaling pathway, and vitexin may be a promising potential agent for the chemotherapy of glioblastoma.
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12
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Su ZY, Siak PY, Leong CO, Cheah SC. Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma and Its Microenvironment: Past, Current, and Future Perspectives. Front Oncol 2022; 12:840467. [PMID: 35311066 PMCID: PMC8924466 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.840467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is an epithelial malignancy that raises public health concerns in endemic countries. Despite breakthroughs in therapeutic strategies, late diagnosis and drug resistance often lead to unsatisfactory clinical outcomes in NPC patients. The tumor microenvironment (TME) is a complex niche consisting of tumor-associated cells, such as fibroblasts, endothelial cells, leukocytes, that influences tumor initiation, progression, invasion, and metastasis. Cells in the TME communicate through various mechanisms, of note, exosomes, ligand-receptor interactions, cytokines and chemokines are active players in the construction of TME, characterized by an abundance of immune infiltrates with suppressed immune activities. The NPC microenvironment serves as a target-rich niche for the discovery of potential promising predictive or diagnostic biomarkers and the development of therapeutic strategies. Thus, huge efforts have been made to exploit the role of the NPC microenvironment. The whole picture of the NPC microenvironment remains to be portrayed to understand the mechanisms underlying tumor biology and implement research into clinical practice. The current review discusses the recent insights into the role of TME in the development and progression of NPC which results in different clinical outcomes of patients. Clinical interventions with the use of TME components as potential biomarkers or therapeutic targets, their challenges, and future perspectives will be introduced. This review anticipates to provide insights to the researchers for future preclinical, translational and clinical research on the NPC microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Yi Su
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Pui Yan Siak
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Chee-Onn Leong
- Centre of Cancer and Stem Cells Research, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Institute for Research, Development and Innovation, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Shiau-Chuen Cheah
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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13
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Kang Y, He W, Ren C, Qiao J, Guo Q, Hu J, Xu H, Jiang X, Wang L. Advances in targeted therapy mainly based on signal pathways for nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2020; 5:245. [PMID: 33093441 PMCID: PMC7582884 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-020-00340-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a malignant epithelial carcinoma of the head and neck region which mainly distributes in southern China and Southeast Asia and has a crucial association with the Epstein-Barr virus. Based on epidemiological data, both incidence and mortality of NPC have significantly declined in recent decades grounded on the improvement of living standard and medical level in an endemic region, in particular, with the clinical use of individualized chemotherapy and intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) which profoundly contributes to the cure rate of NPC patients. To tackle the challenges including local recurrence and distant metastasis in the current NPC treatment, we discussed the implication of using targeted therapy against critical molecules in various signal pathways, and how they synergize with chemoradiotherapy in the NPC treatment. Combination treatment including targeted therapy and IMRT or concurrent chemoradiotherapy is presumably to be future options, which may reduce radiation or chemotherapy toxicities and open new avenues for the improvement of the expected functional outcome for patients with advanced NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanbo Kang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cancer Research Institute, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410008, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Cancer Research Institute, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, 410008, Changsha, Hunan, China
- The NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410008, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Weihan He
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cancer Research Institute, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410008, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Cancer Research Institute, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, 410008, Changsha, Hunan, China
- The NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410008, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Caiping Ren
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cancer Research Institute, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410008, Changsha, Hunan, China.
- Cancer Research Institute, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, 410008, Changsha, Hunan, China.
- The NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410008, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - Jincheng Qiao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cancer Research Institute, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410008, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Cancer Research Institute, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, 410008, Changsha, Hunan, China
- The NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410008, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qiuyong Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cancer Research Institute, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410008, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Cancer Research Institute, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, 410008, Changsha, Hunan, China
- The NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410008, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jingyu Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cancer Research Institute, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410008, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Cancer Research Institute, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, 410008, Changsha, Hunan, China
- The NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410008, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hongjuan Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cancer Research Institute, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410008, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Cancer Research Institute, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, 410008, Changsha, Hunan, China
- The NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410008, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xingjun Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cancer Research Institute, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410008, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cancer Research Institute, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410008, Changsha, Hunan, China.
- Cancer Research Institute, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, 410008, Changsha, Hunan, China.
- The NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410008, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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Kuo X, Herr DR, Ong WY. Anti-inflammatory and Cytoprotective Effect of Clinacanthus nutans Leaf But Not Stem Extracts on 7-Ketocholesterol Induced Brain Endothelial Cell Injury. Neuromolecular Med 2020; 23:176-183. [PMID: 33085066 DOI: 10.1007/s12017-020-08621-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Clinacanthus nutans (Lindau) (C. nutans) has diverse uses in traditional herbal medicine for treating skin rashes, insect and snake bites, lesions caused by herpes simplex virus, diabetes mellitus and gout in Singapore, Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand and China. We previously showed that C. nutans has the ability to modulate the induction of cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) expression in SH-SY5Y cells through the inhibition of histone deacetylases (HDACs). In the current study, we elucidated the effect of C. nutans on the hCMEC/D3 human brain endothelial cell line. Endothelial cells are exposed to high levels of the cholesterol oxidation product, 7-ketocholesterol (7KC), in patients with cardiovascular disease and diabetes, and this process is thought to mediate pathological inflammation. 7KC induced a dose-dependent loss of hCMEC/D3 cell viability, and such damage was significantly inhibited by C. nutans leaf extracts but not stem extracts. 7KC also induced a marked increase in mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, IL-1β IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in brain endothelial cells, and these increases were significantly inhibited by C. nutans leaf but not stem extracts. HPLC analyses showed that leaf extracts have a markedly different chemical profile compared to stem extracts, which might explain their different effects in counteracting 7KC-induced inflammation. Further study is necessary to identify the putative phytochemicals in C. nutans leaves that have anti-inflammatory properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Kuo
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119260, Singapore
| | - Deron R Herr
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, 92182, USA.
| | - Wei-Yi Ong
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119260, Singapore.
- Neurobiology Programme, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119260, Singapore.
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Biochemical Constituent of Ginkgo biloba (Seed) 80% Methanol Extract Inhibits Cholinesterase Enzymes in Javanese Medaka ( Oryzias javanicus) Model. J Toxicol 2020; 2020:8815313. [PMID: 33029137 PMCID: PMC7530487 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8815313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Pathophysiological changes leading to the death of nerve cells present in the brain and spinal cord are referred to as neurodegenerative diseases. Presently, treatment of these diseases is not effective and encounters many challenges due to the cost of drug and side effects. Thus, the search for the alternative agents to replace synthetic drugs is in high demand. Therefore, the aim of this study is to evaluate the anticholinesterase properties of Ginkgo biloba seed. Methods The seed was extracted with 80% methanol. Toxicity studies and evaluation of anticholinesterase activities were carried out in adult Javanese medaka (Oryzias javanicus). Phytochemical study to identify the bioactive lead constituents of the crude extract was also carried out using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Results The result shows activities with high significant differences at P < 0.001 between the treated and nontreated groups. A bioactive compound (vitaxin) was identified with the aid of HPLC method. Conclusion The presence of bioactive compound vitaxin is among the major secondary metabolites that contribute to increasing activities of this plant extract. High anticholinesterase activities and low toxicity effect of this plant show its benefit to be used as natural medicine or supplements.
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Yu JG, Ji CH, Shi MH. The anti-infection drug furazolidone inhibits NF-κB signaling and induces cell apoptosis in small cell lung cancer. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 2020; 36:998-1003. [PMID: 32767507 DOI: 10.1002/kjm2.12281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeting nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway has become a promising strategy for the development of new antitumor drugs. In this paper, we found that anti-infection drug furazolidone (FZD) could significantly inhibit NF-κB-driven luciferase activity, and FZD could markedly inhibit both of the constitutive and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα)-triggered phosphorylation of NF-κB p65 in small cell lung cancer (SCLC). Further studies revealed that FZD inhibited the expression of inhibitor of kappa B kinase β (IKKβ) in SCLC cells. In addition, we found that FZD had significant antitumor activities in SCLC cells. FZD could markedly suppress the cell viability of SCLC cells dose-dependently, and FZD could significantly induce the cleavages of poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) and Caspase3, the biomarkers of cell apoptosis, in SCLC cells. The flow cytometry also revealed that FZD induced cell apoptosis in SCLC cells. Finally, we also found that overexpression of constitutively activated IKKβ could significantly abolish FZD-induced cell growth inhibition in SCLC cells, which further confirmed that FZD displayed its anti-SCLC activity through regulating NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Guo Yu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Cheng-Hong Ji
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Min-Hua Shi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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Babaei F, Moafizad A, Darvishvand Z, Mirzababaei M, Hosseinzadeh H, Nassiri‐Asl M. Review of the effects of vitexin in oxidative stress-related diseases. Food Sci Nutr 2020; 8:2569-2580. [PMID: 32566174 PMCID: PMC7300089 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.1567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitexin is an apigenin flavone glycoside found in food and medicinal plants. It has a variety of pharmacological effects, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antinociceptive, and neuroprotective effects. This review study summarizes all the protective effects of vitexin as an antioxidant against reactive oxygen species, lipid peroxidation, and other oxidative damages in a variety of oxidative stress-related diseases, including seizure, memory impairment, cerebral ischemia, neurotoxicity, myocardial and respiratory injury, and metabolic dysfunction, with possible molecular and cellular mechanisms. This review describes any activation or inhibition of the signaling pathways that depend on the antioxidant activity of vitexin. More basic research is needed on the antioxidative effects of vitexin in vivo, and carrying out clinical trials for the treatment of oxidative stress-related diseases is also recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Babaei
- Department of Clinical BiochemistrySchool of MedicineStudent Research CommitteeShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | | | | | - Mohammadreza Mirzababaei
- Department of Clinical BiochemistrySchool of MedicineKermanshah University of Medical SciencesKermanshahIran
| | - Hossein Hosseinzadeh
- Pharmaceutical Research CenterPharmaceutical Technology InstituteMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
- Department of Pharmacodynamic and ToxicologySchool of PharmacyPharmaceutical Technology InstituteMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
| | - Marjan Nassiri‐Asl
- Department of Pharmacology and Neurobiology Research CenterSchool of MedicineShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
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Vitexin abrogates invasion and survival of hepatocellular carcinoma cells through targeting STAT3 signaling pathway. Biochimie 2020; 175:58-68. [PMID: 32445654 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2020.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a major malignancy that stands second in terms of global cancer-related mortality. STAT3 has been described as a latent transcription factor that promotes tumorigenesis. This study was designed to examine the effect of vitexin on STAT3 signaling and important hallmarks of cancer. HCC cells were employed to decipher the impact of vitexin on activation of STAT3 signaling using Western blotting, EMSA, immunocytochemistry, and reporter assay. The combinational apoptotic effects of vitexin with approved anti-cancer drugs was examined by live-dead assay, and its anti-invasive potential was studied using matrigel assay. The results obtained in cell-based assays were verified using in silico analysis. Vitexin effectively inhibited sustained activation of JAK1, JAK2, Src, and STAT3 in HCC cells. Vitexin downregulated DNA binding ability, reduced the nuclear pool of STAT3, and diminished epidermal growth factor (EGF)-driven STAT3 gene expression. Interestingly, treatment with tyrosine phosphatase inhibitor altered the vitexin-induced STAT3 phosphorylation, and the attenuation of STAT3 by vitexin was found to be driven through the upregulation of PTPεC. The combinational studies indicated that vitexin can exhibit substantial apoptotic effects with doxorubicin and sorafenib. It also suppressed the CXCL12-induced cell invasion. The results of cell-based assays are supported by in silico analysis as the vitexin displayed favorable interaction with kinase domain of JAK2 protein. Overall, this study demonstrated that vitexin can act as a potential blocker of the STAT3 signaling cascade and mitigate the survival as well as invasion of HCC cells.
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