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Camidge DR, Bar J, Horinouchi H, Goldman J, Moiseenko F, Filippova E, Cicin I, Ciuleanu T, Daaboul N, Liu C, Bradbury P, Moskovitz M, Katgi N, Tomasini P, Zer A, Girard N, Cuppens K, Han JY, Wu SY, Baijal S, Mansfield AS, Kuo CH, Nishino K, Lee SH, Planchard D, Baik C, Li M, Ansell P, Xia S, Bolotin E, Looman J, Ratajczak C, Lu S. Telisotuzumab Vedotin Monotherapy in Patients With Previously Treated c-Met Protein-Overexpressing Advanced Nonsquamous EGFR-Wildtype Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer in the Phase II LUMINOSITY Trial. J Clin Oncol 2024:JCO2400720. [PMID: 38843488 DOI: 10.1200/jco.24.00720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Telisotuzumab vedotin (Teliso-V) is a c-Met-directed antibody-drug conjugate with a monomethyl auristatin E cytotoxic payload. The phase II LUMINOSITY trial (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03539536) aimed to identify the optimal c-Met protein-overexpressing non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) population for treatment with Teliso-V (stage I) and expand the selected group for efficacy evaluation (stage II). Stage II enrolled patients with nonsquamous epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-wildtype NSCLC. METHODS Eligible patients had locally advanced/metastatic c-Met protein-overexpressing NSCLC and ≤2 previous lines of therapy (including ≤1 line of systemic chemotherapy). c-Met protein overexpression in nonsquamous EGFR-wildtype NSCLC was defined as ≥25% tumor cells with 3+ staining (high [≥50% 3+]; intermediate [≥25%-<50%]). Teliso-V was administered at 1.9 mg/kg once every 2 weeks. The primary end point was overall response rate (ORR) by independent central review. RESULTS In total, 172 patients with nonsquamous EGFR-wildtype NSCLC received Teliso-V in stages I and II. ORR was 28.6% (95% CI, 21.7 to 36.2; c-Met high, 34.6% [95% CI, 24.2 to 46.2]; c-Met intermediate, 22.9% [95% CI, 14.4 to 33.4]). The median duration of response was 8.3 months (95% CI, 5.6 to 11.3; c-Met high, 9.0 [95% CI, 4.2 to 13.0]; c-Met intermediate: 7.2 [95% CI, 5.3 to 11.5]). The median overall survival was 14.5 months (95% CI, 9.9 to 16.6; c-Met high, 14.6 [95% CI, 9.2 to 25.6]; c-Met intermediate, 14.2 [95% CI, 9.6 to 16.6]). The median progression-free survival was 5.7 months (95% CI, 4.6 to 6.9; c-Met high, 5.5 [95% CI, 4.1 to 8.3]; c-Met intermediate: 6.0 [95% CI, 4.5 to 8.1]). Most common any-grade treatment-related adverse events (AEs) were peripheral sensory neuropathy (30%), peripheral edema (16%), and fatigue (14%); the most common grade ≥3 AE was peripheral sensory neuropathy (7%). CONCLUSION Teliso-V was associated with durable responses in c-Met protein-overexpressing nonsquamous EGFR-wildtype NSCLC, especially in those with high c-Met. AEs were generally manageable.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jair Bar
- Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | | | | | | | - Elena Filippova
- Center of Palliative Medicine De Vita, St Petersburg, Russia
| | - Irfan Cicin
- Istinye University Medical Center, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Nathalie Daaboul
- Centre intégré de cancérologie de la Montérégie (CICM), Charles-LeMoyne Hospital, University of Sherbrooke, Quebec, QC, Canada
| | - Chunling Liu
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang, China
| | - Penelope Bradbury
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mor Moskovitz
- Davidoff Cancer Center, Beilinson, Petah-Tikva, Israel
| | - Nuran Katgi
- Dr Suat Seren Chest Diseases and Chest Surgery Training and Research Hospital, Health Sciences University, Izmir, Yenisehir, Turkey
| | - Pascale Tomasini
- Aix Marseille University, APHM, INSERM, CNRS, CRCM, Hôpital Nord, Multidisciplinary Oncology and Therapeutic Innovations Department, Marseille, France
| | - Alona Zer
- Davidoff Cancer Center, Beilinson, Petah-Tikva, Israel
| | - Nicolas Girard
- Départment d'Oncologie Médicale, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - Kristof Cuppens
- Department of Pulmonology and Thoracic Oncology, Jessa Hospital, Hasselt, Belgium
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Ji-Youn Han
- National Cancer Center, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Shang-Yin Wu
- Department of Oncology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Shobhit Baijal
- University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | | | - Chih-Hsi Kuo
- Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | | | - Se-Hoon Lee
- Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - David Planchard
- Gustave Roussy, Department of Medical Oncology, Villejuif, France
- Faculty of Medicine, Paris-Saclay University, Paris, France
| | - Christina Baik
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, from Seattle Cancer Care Alliance, Seattle, WA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Shun Lu
- Shanghai Lung Cancer Center, Shanghai Chest Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Izumiya Y, Odaka H, Kikuchi T, Takita Y, Tokairin T. Mesenchymal-epithelial transition factor exon 14 skipping mutation-positive granulocyte colony-stimulating factor-producing lung adenocarcinoma mimicking lung abscess: A case report. Respirol Case Rep 2024; 12:e01419. [PMID: 38919814 PMCID: PMC11196950 DOI: 10.1002/rcr2.1419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF)-producing lung tumours are rare, with their imaging features and effective treatments remaining elusive. Similarly, mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET) exon 14 skipping mutations are also uncommon. Herein, we report a case of G-CSF-producing lung adenocarcinoma positive for a MET exon 14 skipping mutation, mimicking lung abscess. A 61-year-old man presented with cough and high fever. Contrast-enhanced chest computed tomography revealed a mass with a cavity and internal fluid accumulation. The patient initially underwent diagnostic treatment for a lung abscess but was ultimately diagnosed with lung adenocarcinoma positive for a MET exon 14 skipping mutation. Following tepotinib therapy, the primary lesion shrank, and serum G-CSF levels decreased, leading to a diagnosis of G-CSF-producing lung cancer. G-CSF-producing lung tumours can present imaging findings that mimic lung abscesses. Tepotinib therapy may be effective for patients with MET exon 14 skipping mutation, including those with G-CSF-producing lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuka Izumiya
- Department of Respiratory MedicineJapanese Red Cross Akita HospitalAkitaJapan
| | - Hidesato Odaka
- Department of Respiratory MedicineJapanese Red Cross Akita HospitalAkitaJapan
| | - Toru Kikuchi
- Post Graduate Clinical Education CenterJapanese Red Cross Akita HospitalAkitaJapan
| | - Yuri Takita
- Department of Respiratory MedicineJapanese Red Cross Akita HospitalAkitaJapan
| | - Takuo Tokairin
- Department of PathologyJapanese Red Cross Akita HospitalAkitaJapan
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3
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Thu YM, Suzawa K, Tomida S, Ochi K, Tsudaka S, Takatsu F, Date K, Matsuda N, Iwata K, Nakata K, Shien K, Yamamoto H, Okazaki M, Sugimoto S, Toyooka S. PAI-1 mediates acquired resistance to MET-targeted therapy in non-small cell lung cancer. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0300644. [PMID: 38758826 PMCID: PMC11101109 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0300644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Mechanisms underlying primary and acquired resistance to MET tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) in managing non-small cell lung cancer remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the possible mechanisms acquired for crizotinib in MET-amplified lung carcinoma cell lines. Two MET-amplified lung cancer cell lines, EBC-1 and H1993, were established for acquired resistance to MET-TKI crizotinib and were functionally elucidated. Genomic and transcriptomic data were used to assess the factors contributing to the resistance mechanism, and the alterations hypothesized to confer resistance were validated. Multiple mechanisms underlie acquired resistance to crizotinib in MET-amplified lung cancer cell lines. In EBC-1-derived resistant cells, the overexpression of SERPINE1, the gene encoding plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), mediated the drug resistance mechanism. Crizotinib resistance was addressed by combination therapy with a PAI-1 inhibitor and PAI-1 knockdown. Another mechanism of resistance in different subline cells of EBC-1 was evaluated as epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition with the upregulation of antiapoptotic proteins. In H1993-derived resistant cells, MEK inhibitors could be a potential therapeutic strategy for overcoming resistance with downstream mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway activation. In this study, we revealed the different mechanisms of acquired resistance to the MET inhibitor crizotinib with potential therapeutic application in patients with MET-amplified lung carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Min Thu
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery and Breast and Endocrinological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Ken Suzawa
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery and Breast and Endocrinological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Shuta Tomida
- Center for Comprehensive Genomic Medicine, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Japan
| | - Kosuke Ochi
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery and Breast and Endocrinological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Shimpei Tsudaka
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery and Breast and Endocrinological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Fumiaki Takatsu
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery and Breast and Endocrinological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Keiichi Date
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery and Breast and Endocrinological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Naoki Matsuda
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery and Breast and Endocrinological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Kazuma Iwata
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery and Breast and Endocrinological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Kentaro Nakata
- Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Kazuhiko Shien
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery and Breast and Endocrinological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Hiromasa Yamamoto
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery and Breast and Endocrinological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Mikio Okazaki
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery and Breast and Endocrinological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Seiichiro Sugimoto
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery and Breast and Endocrinological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Shinichi Toyooka
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery and Breast and Endocrinological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
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Thomas BJ, Guldenpfennig C, Daniels MA, Burke DH, Porciani D. Multiplexed In Vivo Screening Using Barcoded Aptamer Technology to Identify Oligonucleotide-Based Targeting Reagents. Nucleic Acid Ther 2024; 34:109-124. [PMID: 38752363 PMCID: PMC11250842 DOI: 10.1089/nat.2024.0010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent FDA approvals of mRNA vaccines, short-interfering RNAs, and antisense oligonucleotides highlight the success of oligonucleotides as therapeutics. Aptamers are excellent affinity reagents that can selectively label protein biomarkers, but their clinical application has lagged. When formulating a given aptamer for in vivo use, molecular design details can determine biostability and biodistribution; therefore, extensive postselection manipulation is often required for each new design to identify clinically useful reagents harboring improved pharmacokinetic properties. Few methods are available to comprehensively screen such aptamers, especially in vivo, constituting a significant bottleneck in the field. In this study, we introduce barcoded aptamer technology (BApT) for multiplexed screening of predefined aptamer formulations in vitro and in vivo. We demonstrate this technology by simultaneously investigating 20 aptamer formulations, each harboring different molecular designs, for targeting Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer cells and tumors. Screening in vitro identified a 45 kDa bispecific formulation as the best cancer cell targeting reagent, whereas screening in vivo identified a 30 kDa monomeric formulation as the best tumor-specific targeting reagent. The multiplexed analysis pipeline also identified biodistribution phenotypes shared among formulations with similar molecular architectures. The BApT approach we describe here has the potential for broad application to fields where oligonucleotide-based targeting reagents are desired.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian J. Thomas
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Caitlyn Guldenpfennig
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Mark A. Daniels
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Donald H. Burke
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - David Porciani
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri, USA
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Hong DS, Cappuzzo F, Chul Cho B, Dowlati A, Hussein M, Kim DW, Percent I, Christensen JG, Morin J, Potvin D, Faltaos D, Tassell V, Der-Torossian H, Chao R. Phase II study investigating the efficacy and safety of glesatinib (MGCD265) in patients with advanced NSCLC containing MET activating alterations. Lung Cancer 2024; 190:107512. [PMID: 38417277 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2024.107512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Dysregulated signaling by mesenchymal epithelial transition factor (MET) and heightened AXL activation are implicated in the pathogenesis of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Glesatinib (MGCD265) is an investigational, oral inhibitor of MET and AXL. MATERIALS AND METHODS This open-label, Phase II study investigated glesatinib (free-base suspension [FBS] capsule 1050 mg BID or spray-dried dispersion [SDD] tablet 750 mg BID) in patients with advanced, previously treated NSCLC across four cohorts grouped according to presence of MET activating mutations or amplification in tumor or ctDNA. The primary endpoint was objective response rate (ORR). RESULTS Sixty-eight patients were enrolled: n = 28 and n = 8 with MET exon 14 skipping mutations in tumor tissue and ctDNA, respectively, and n = 20 and n = 12 with MET gene amplification in tumor tissue and ctDNA, respectively. Overall, ORR was 11.8 %, median progression-free survival was 4.0 months, and median overall survival was 7.0 months. Among patients with MET activating mutations, ORR was 10.7 % with tumor testing and 25.0 % with ctDNA testing. For MET amplification, responses were observed only in patients enrolled by tumor testing (ORR 15.0 %). Diarrhea (82.4 %), nausea (50.0 %), increased alanine aminotransferase (41.2 %), fatigue (38.2 %), and increased aspartate aminotransferase (36.8 %) were the most frequent adverse events assessed as related to study medication. Glesatinib exposure was similar with the SDD tablet and FBS capsule formulations. The study was terminated early by the sponsor due to modest clinical activity. CONCLUSIONS Glesatinib had an acceptable safety profile in patients with advanced, pre-treated NSCLC with MET activating alterations. Modest clinical activity was observed, which likely reflects suboptimal drug bioavailability suggested by previously reported Phase I data, and pharmacodynamic findings of lower than anticipated increases in circulating soluble shed MET ectodomain (s-MET).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Byoung Chul Cho
- Severence Hospital, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Afshin Dowlati
- University Hospitals Seidman Cancer Center and Case Western Reserve University, OH, USA
| | - Maen Hussein
- Florida Cancer Specialists, Saint Petersburg, FL, USA
| | - Dong-Wan Kim
- Seoul National University College of Medicine and Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ivor Percent
- SCRI Florida Cancer Specialists, Fort Myers, FL, USA
| | | | - Josée Morin
- Mirati Therapeutics Inc., San Diego, CA, USA
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6
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Ingale K, Hong SH, Bell JSK, Rizvi A, Welch A, Sha L, Ho I, Nagpal K, Bentaieb A, Joshi RP, Stumpe MC. Prediction of MET Overexpression in Lung Adenocarcinoma from Hematoxylin and Eosin Images. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2024:S0002-9440(24)00088-9. [PMID: 38493926 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2024.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
MET protein overexpression is a targetable event in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and is the subject of active drug development. Challenges in identifying patients for these therapies include lack of access to validated testing, such as standardized immunohistochemistry (IHC) assessment, and consumption of valuable tissue for a single gene/protein assay. Development of pre-screening algorithms using routinely available digitized hematoxylin and eosin (H&E)-stained slides to predict MET overexpression could promote testing for those who will benefit most. Recent literature reports a positive correlation between MET protein overexpression and RNA expression. In this work, a large database of matched H&E slides and RNA expression data was leveraged to train a weakly supervised model to predict MET RNA overexpression directly from H&E images. This model was evaluated on an independent holdout test set of 300 over-expressed and 289 normal patients, demonstrating an ROC-AUC of 0.70 (95th percentile interval: 0.66 - 0.74) with stable performance characteristics across different patient clinical variables and robust to synthetic noise on the test set. These results suggest that H&E-based predictive models could be useful to prioritize patients for confirmatory testing of MET protein or MET gene expression status.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Lingdao Sha
- Work done at Tempus AI, Inc., current affiliation: Amazon
| | | | | | - Aïcha Bentaieb
- Work done at Tempus AI, Inc., current affiliation: Genentech
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Xu Y, Zhang L, Jia L, Ren M, Xue T, Bai Q, Yao Q, Wei R, Zhou X, Zhu X. Evaluation of the Idylla™ EGFR Mutation Test on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue of human lung cancer. J Thorac Dis 2024; 16:40-50. [PMID: 38410581 PMCID: PMC10894364 DOI: 10.21037/jtd-23-1293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Background Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation detection is essential for the therapy of lung cancer. A sensitive, specific, and cost-effective standardized method to quickly and accurately detect EGFR mutations is urgently needed. Methods We evaluated the Idylla™ EGFR Mutation Assay for EGFR mutations in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tumor samples from 232 lung cancer patients, and compared the results with amplification refractory mutation system (ARMS) (n=146) and next-generation sequencing (NGS) (n=86). The surgical tumor sections and cell blocks derived from the same FFPE section were compared. Overall concordance, specificity, sensitivity, cost-effectiveness and turnaround time were compared among the three methods. Results The overall concordance between Idylla and ARMS was 89.51% [95% confidence interval (CI): 83.31% to 93.64%] and the specificity of Idylla was 88.68% (95% CI: 80.69% to 93.76%). A concordance of 97.67% (95% CI: 91.41% to 99.86%) was obtained between Idylla and NGS, the specificity of Idylla was 96.30% (95% CI: 86.16% to 99.36%). Compared to the ARMS and NGS, the Idylla™ system significantly reduces the turnaround time. Combining labor, equipment, reagents and time costs, Idylla is more affordable. Conclusions Clinically urgent cases with adequate cellularity, can first perform Idylla to detect critical markers, then perform NGS for a comprehensive mutation analysis. Besides, with limited molecular expertise or infrastructure, the Idylla has the potential to extend EGFR testing to more pathology laboratories in primary hospitals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyin Xu
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Pathology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Pathology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liqing Jia
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Pathology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Ren
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Pathology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tian Xue
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Pathology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qianming Bai
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Pathology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qianlan Yao
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Pathology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ran Wei
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Pathology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Pathology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoli Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Pathology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Bai Q, Shi X, Zhou X, Liang Z, Lu S, Wu Y. Chinese expert consensus on clinical practice of MET detection in non-small cell lung cancer. Ther Adv Med Oncol 2024; 16:17588359231216096. [PMID: 38188466 PMCID: PMC10768621 DOI: 10.1177/17588359231216096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal epithelial transition (MET) factor alteration in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) includes MET exon 14 skipping alteration (METex14 skipping), MET gene amplification, MET gene mutation (mainly kinase domain mutation), MET gene fusion, and MET protein overexpression. The incidence of METex14 skipping in patients with NSCLC is 0.9-4.0%. At present, drugs targeting METex14 skipping have been approved in China and other countries like Japan and USA. Patients with advanced NSCLC should undergo testing, including METex14 skipping, to screen the population with benefit from targeted therapy with MET inhibitors. The incidence of de novo MET gene amplification in NSCLC patients is 1-5%, the incidence of acquired MET gene amplification in epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI)-resistant patients is 5-50%, and the incidence in anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) TKI-resistant patients is about 13%; the incidence of MET protein overexpression in NSCLC patients is 13.7-63.7%. Several clinical trials on MET gene amplification and MET protein overexpression are ongoing, which have demonstrated their important guiding significance as biomarkers in the clinical treatment with MET inhibitors. Accurate detection of MET alterations is a prerequisite for MET inhibitor therapy. Since there are many types of MET alterations and related testing methods, as well as many problems and challenges during clinical testing, further sorting and standardization are required. Combined with clinical practice experience, literature review, and expert discussion, the writing group developed this consensus on the three main types of MET alterations (METex14 skipping, MET gene amplification, and MET protein overexpression) in order to guide the practical applications of clinical MET testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianming Bai
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaohua Shi
- Department of Pathology, Molecular Pathology Research Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No.270, Dong’an Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiyong Liang
- Department of Pathology, Molecular Pathology Research Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No.1 Shuaifuyuan Road, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Shun Lu
- Department of Shanghai Lung Cancer Center, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 241 West Huaihai Road, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Yilong Wu
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, 106 Zhongshan Er Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China
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Salmani-Javan E, Farhoudi Sefidan Jadid M, Zarghami N. Recent advances in molecular targeted therapy of lung cancer: Possible application in translation medicine. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2024; 27:122-133. [PMID: 38234663 PMCID: PMC10790298 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2023.72407.15749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Lung cancer is one of the leading causes of death among all cancer deaths. This cancer is classified into two different histological subtypes: non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), which is the most common subtype, and small cell lung cancer (SCLC), which is the most aggressive subtype. Understanding the molecular characteristics of lung cancer has expanded our knowledge of the cellular origins and molecular pathways affected by each of these subtypes and has contributed to the development of new therapies. Traditional treatments for lung cancer include surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. Advances in understanding the nature and specificity of lung cancer have led to the development of immunotherapy, which is the newest and most specialized treatment in the treatment of lung cancer. Each of these treatments has advantages and disadvantages and causes side effects. Today, combination therapy for lung cancer reduces side effects and increases the speed of recovery. Despite the significant progress that has been made in the treatment of lung cancer in the last decade, further research into new drugs and combination therapies is needed to extend the clinical benefits and improve outcomes in lung cancer. In this review article, we discussed common lung cancer treatments and their combinations from the most advanced to the newest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elnaz Salmani-Javan
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mahdi Farhoudi Sefidan Jadid
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Nosratollah Zarghami
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Aydin University, Istanbul, Turkey
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10
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Puri S, Malani R, Chalmers A, Kerrigan K, Patel SB, Monynahan K, Cannon L, Blouw B, Akerley W. Keeping a track on leptomeningeal disease in non-small cell lung cancer: A single-institution experience with CNSide TM. Neurooncol Adv 2024; 6:vdad150. [PMID: 38196737 PMCID: PMC10776200 DOI: 10.1093/noajnl/vdad150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Leptomeningeal disease (LMD) is a devastating complication for patients with advanced cancer. Diagnosis and monitoring the response to therapy remains challenging due to limited sensitivity and specificity of standard-of-care (SOC) diagnostic modalities, including cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cytology, MRI, and clinical evaluation. These hindrances contribute to the poor survival of LMD patients. CNSide is a CLIA-validated test that detects and characterizes CSF-derived tumor cells and cell-free (cf) DNA. We performed a retrospective analysis on the utility of CNSide to analyze CSF obtained from advanced non-small cell lung cancer (aNSCLC) patients with suspected LMD treated at the Huntsman Cancer Institute in Salt Lake City, UT. Methods CNSide was used to evaluate CSF from 15 patients with aNSCLC. CSF tumor cell quantification was performed throughout treatment for 5 patients. CSF tumor cells and cfDNA were characterized for actionable mutations. Results In LMD-positive patients, CNSide detected CSF tumor cells in 88% (22/25) samples versus 40% (10/25) for cytology (matched samples). CSF tumor cell numbers tracked response to therapy in 5 patients where CNSide was used to quantify tumor cells throughout treatment. In 75% (9/12) of the patients, genetic alterations were detected in CSF, with the majority representing gene mutations and amplifications with therapeutic potential. The median survival for LMD patients was 16.1 m (5.2-NR). Conclusions We show that CNSide can supplement the management of LMD in conjunction with SOC methods for the diagnosis, monitoring response to therapy, and identifying actionable mutations unique to the CSF in patients with LMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonam Puri
- Division of Medical Oncology, The Huntsman Cancer Institute at The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Rachna Malani
- Division of Medical Oncology, The Huntsman Cancer Institute at The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Anna Chalmers
- Division of Medical Oncology, The Huntsman Cancer Institute at The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Kathleen Kerrigan
- Division of Medical Oncology, The Huntsman Cancer Institute at The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Shiven B Patel
- Division of Medical Oncology, The Huntsman Cancer Institute at The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Kelly Monynahan
- Division of Medical Oncology, The Huntsman Cancer Institute at The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Laura Cannon
- Division of Medical Oncology, The Huntsman Cancer Institute at The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | | | - Wallace Akerley
- Division of Medical Oncology, The Huntsman Cancer Institute at The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
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11
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Hyung S, Ko J, Heo YJ, Blum SM, Kim ST, Park SH, Park JO, Kang WK, Lim HY, Klempner SJ, Lee J. Patient-derived exosomes facilitate therapeutic targeting of oncogenic MET in advanced gastric cancer. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadk1098. [PMID: 38000030 PMCID: PMC10672184 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adk1098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) with peritoneal metastases and malignant ascites continues to have poor prognosis. Exosomes mediate intercellular communication during cancer progression and promote therapeutic resistance. Here, we report the significance of exosomes derived from malignant ascites (EXOAscites) in cancer progression and use modified exosomes as resources for cancer therapy. EXOAscites from patients with GC stimulated invasiveness and angiogenesis in an ex vivo three-dimensional autologous tumor spheroid microfluidic system. EXOAscites concentration increased invasiveness, and blockade of their secretion suppressed tumor progression. In MET-amplified GC, EXOAscites contain abundant MET; their selective delivery to tumor cells enhanced angiogenesis and invasiveness. Exosomal MET depletion substantially reduced invasiveness; an additive therapeutic effect was induced when combined with MET and/or VEGFR2 inhibition in a patient-derived MET-amplified GC model. Allogeneic MET-harboring exosome delivery induced invasion and angiogenesis in a MET non-amplified GC model. MET-amplified patient tissues showed higher exosome concentration than their adjacent normal tissues. Manipulating exosome content and production may be a promising complementary strategy against GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujin Hyung
- Precision Medicine Research Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihoon Ko
- Department of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, Gyeonggi 13120, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Steven M. Blum
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Seung Tae Kim
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Hoon Park
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Oh Park
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Ki Kang
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Yeong Lim
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Samuel J. Klempner
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Jeeyun Lee
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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12
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Le X, Paz-Ares LG, Van Meerbeeck J, Viteri S, Galvez CC, Smit EF, Garassino M, Veillon R, Baz DV, Pradera JF, Sereno M, Kozuki T, Kim YC, Yoo SS, Han JY, Kang JH, Son CH, Choi YJ, Stroh C, Juraeva D, Vioix H, Bruns R, Otto G, Johne A, Paik PK. Tepotinib in patients with non-small cell lung cancer with high-level MET amplification detected by liquid biopsy: VISION Cohort B. Cell Rep Med 2023; 4:101280. [PMID: 37944528 PMCID: PMC10694660 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2023.101280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
High-level MET amplification (METamp) is a primary driver in ∼1%-2% of non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLCs). Cohort B of the phase 2 VISION trial evaluates tepotinib, an oral MET inhibitor, in patients with advanced NSCLC with high-level METamp who were enrolled by liquid biopsy. While the study was halted before the enrollment of the planned 60 patients, the results of 24 enrolled patients are presented here. The objective response rate (ORR) is 41.7% (95% confidence interval [CI], 22.1-63.4), and the median duration of response is 14.3 months (95% CI, 2.8-not estimable). In exploratory biomarker analyses, focal METamp, RB1 wild-type, MYC diploidy, low circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) burden at baseline, and early molecular response are associated with better outcomes. Adverse events include edema (composite term; any grade: 58.3%; grade 3: 12.5%) and constipation (any grade: 41.7%; grade 3: 4.2%). Tepotinib provides antitumor activity in high-level METamp NSCLC (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02864992).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuning Le
- Department of Thoracic Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Luis G Paz-Ares
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jan Van Meerbeeck
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Antwerp University Hospital (UZA), 2650 Edegem, Belgium
| | - Santiago Viteri
- Instituto Oncologico Dr. Rosell, Hospital Universitari Dexeus, Grupo QuironSalud, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlos Cabrera Galvez
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitari Sagrat Cor, 08029 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Egbert F Smit
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marina Garassino
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology/Oncology, Knapp Center for Biomedical Discovery, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 1084250, USA
| | - Remi Veillon
- CHU Bordeaux, Service des Maladies Respiratoires, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - David Vicente Baz
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, 41009 Seville, Spain
| | - Jose Fuentes Pradera
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Valme, 41014 Seville, Spain
| | - María Sereno
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofia, San Sebastián de los Reyes, 28703 Madrid, Spain
| | - Toshiyuki Kozuki
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, NHO Shikoku Cancer Center, Matsuyama City 791-0280, Japan
| | - Young-Chul Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School and CNU Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun-Gun 58128, Rep. of Korea
| | - Seung Soo Yoo
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 41566, Rep. of Korea
| | - Ji-Youn Han
- The Center for Lung Cancer, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Rep. of Korea
| | - Jin-Hyoung Kang
- Division of Medical Oncology, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, Seoul 06591, Rep. of Korea
| | - Choon-Hee Son
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dong-A University, 840 Hadan 2-dong, Saha-gu, Busan 604-714, Rep. of Korea
| | - Yoon Ji Choi
- Division of Oncology/Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul 02841, Rep. of Korea
| | - Christopher Stroh
- Clinical Biomarkers & Companion Diagnostics, the healthcare business of Merck KGaA, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Dilafruz Juraeva
- Oncology Bioinformatics, the healthcare business of Merck KGaA, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Helene Vioix
- Global Evidence & Value Development, the healthcare business of Merck KGaA, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Rolf Bruns
- Department of Biostatistics, the healthcare business of Merck KGaA, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Gordon Otto
- Global Clinical Development, the healthcare business of Merck KGaA, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Andreas Johne
- Global Clinical Development, the healthcare business of Merck KGaA, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Paul K Paik
- Thoracic Oncology Service, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Weill Cornell Medical College, New York 14853, NY, USA
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13
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Cesur-Ergün B, Demir-Dora D. Gene therapy in cancer. J Gene Med 2023; 25:e3550. [PMID: 37354071 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.3550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Gene therapy, recently frequently investigated, is an alternative treatment method that introduces therapeutic genes into a cancer cell or tissue to cause cell death or slow down the growth of the cancer. This treatment has various strategies such as therapeutic gene activation or silencing of unwanted or defective genes; therefore a wide variety of genes and viral or nonviral vectors are being used in studies. Gene therapy strategies in cancer can be classified as inhibition of oncogene activation, activation of tumor suppressor gene, immunotherapy, suicide gene therapy and antiangiogenic gene therapy. In this review, we explain gene therapy, gene therapy strategies in cancer, approved gene medicines for cancer treatment and future of gene therapy in cancer. Today gene therapy has not yet reached the level of replacing conventional therapies. However, with a better understanding of the mechanism of cancer to determine the right treatment and target, in the future gene therapy, used as monotherapy or in combination with another existing treatment options, is likely to be used as a new medical procedure that will make cancer a controllable disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Büşra Cesur-Ergün
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Pharmacology, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
- Health Sciences Institute, Department of Gene and Cell Therapy, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Devrim Demir-Dora
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Pharmacology, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
- Health Sciences Institute, Department of Gene and Cell Therapy, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
- Health Sciences Institue, Department of Medical Biotechnology, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
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14
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Huang G, Liu X, Jiang T, Cao Y, Sang M, Song X, Zhou B, Qu H, Cai H, Xing D, Mao Y, Lin G, Liu X, Zheng X. Luteolin overcomes acquired resistance to osimertinib in non-small cell lung cancer cells by targeting the HGF-MET-Akt pathway. Am J Cancer Res 2023; 13:4145-4162. [PMID: 37818074 PMCID: PMC10560942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Osimertinib, a third-generation epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI), has overcome the acquired resistance of first- and second-generation EGFR-TKIs due to the EGFR T790M mutation in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, acquired resistance to osimertinib remains a significant clinical challenge. Luteolin, a natural flavonoid from traditional Chinese medicine, has exerted antitumor effects in various tumors. In this study, we investigated whether the natural flavonoid luteolin can enhance the antitumor effects of osimertinib in NSCLC cells. We established an acquired osimertinib-resistant cell line, H1975/OR, and evaluated the effects of luteolin and osimertinib alone and in combination on proliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis of H1975/OR cells. The potential mechanisms by which the combination of luteolin and osimertinib exert their effects were investigated by PCR, western blot, gene silencing, molecular docking, SPR and kinase activity analysis. The combination of luteolin and osimertinib inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasion of H1975/OR cells and promoted apoptosis. We identified mesenchymal-epithelial transition factor (MET) amplification and overactivation as important resistance mechanisms of H1975/OR cells. The combination downregulated the gene and protein expression of MET and inhibited its protein phosphorylation, thereby blocking the activation of the downstream Akt pathway. Additionally, the mediated effects of MET on the synergistic effect of luteolin and osimertinib were confirmed by silencing of MET. Luteolin strongly bound with nonphosphorylated MET by occupying the active pocket of MET and inhibiting its activation. Notably, the combination also downregulated the expression of autocrine hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), the sole ligand of MET. In conclusion, luteolin can synergize with osimertinib to overcome MET amplification and overactivation-induced acquired resistance to osimertinib by suppressing the HGF-MET-Akt pathway, suggesting the clinical potential of combining luteolin with osimertinib in NSCLC patients with acquired resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guodong Huang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese MedicineJinan 250355, Shandong, PR China
| | - Xinning Liu
- Central Laboratory, Qingdao Hiser Hospital Affiliated of Qingdao University (Qingdao Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital)Qingdao 266033, Shandong, PR China
| | - Ting Jiang
- Central Laboratory, Qingdao Hiser Hospital Affiliated of Qingdao University (Qingdao Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital)Qingdao 266033, Shandong, PR China
| | - Yufeng Cao
- Cancer Center, Qingdao Hiser Hospital Affiliated of Qingdao University (Qingdao Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital)Qingdao 266033, Shandong, PR China
| | - Mingyu Sang
- Preventive Treatment Department, Shouguang Hospital of Traditional Chinese MedicineWeifang 262799, Shandong, PR China
| | - Xiaomeng Song
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong UniversityJinan 250012, Shandong, PR China
| | - Baochen Zhou
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese MedicineJinan 250355, Shandong, PR China
| | - Honglin Qu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese MedicineJinan 250355, Shandong, PR China
| | - Houhao Cai
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese MedicineJinan 250355, Shandong, PR China
| | - Daijun Xing
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese MedicineJinan 250355, Shandong, PR China
| | - Yuecheng Mao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese MedicineJinan 250355, Shandong, PR China
| | - Gaoyang Lin
- Central Laboratory, Qingdao Hiser Hospital Affiliated of Qingdao University (Qingdao Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital)Qingdao 266033, Shandong, PR China
| | - Xiantao Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese MedicineJinan 250014, Shandong, PR China
| | - Xin Zheng
- Cancer Center, Qingdao Hiser Hospital Affiliated of Qingdao University (Qingdao Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital)Qingdao 266033, Shandong, PR China
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15
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Kujtan L, Subramanian J. Telisotuzumab vedotin with erlotinib in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer: a well MET combination? Transl Lung Cancer Res 2023; 12:1826-1829. [PMID: 37691875 PMCID: PMC10483073 DOI: 10.21037/tlcr-23-288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lara Kujtan
- Richard and Annette Bloch Cancer Center, University of Missouri at Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
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16
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Janzic U, Shalata W, Szymczak K, Dziadziuszko R, Jakopovic M, Mountzios G, Płużański A, Araujo A, Charpidou A, Agbarya A. Real-World Experience in Treatment of Patients with Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer with BRAF or cMET Exon 14 Skipping Mutations. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12840. [PMID: 37629023 PMCID: PMC10454089 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BRAF and cMET exon 14 skipping are rare mutations of NSCLC. The treatment sequence in these cases for the first and second line is not clear. An international registry was created for patients with advanced NSCLC harboring BRAF or cMET exon 14 skipping mutations, diagnosed from January 2017 to June 2022. Clinicopathological and molecular data and treatment patterns were recorded. Data on 58 patients, from eight centers across five countries, were included in the final analysis. We found that 40 patients had the cMET exon 14 skipping mutation and 18 had the BRAF V600E mutation. In total, 53 and 28 patients received first- and second-line treatments, respectively, among which 52.8% received targeted therapy (TT) in the first line and 53.5% in the second line. The overall response rate (ORR) and disease control rate (DCR) for first-line treatment with TT vs. other treatment such as immune checkpoint inhibitors ± chemotherapy (IO ± CT) were 55.6% vs. 21.7% (p = 0.0084) and 66.7% vs. 39.1% (p = 0.04), respectively. The type of treatment in first-line TT vs. other affected time to treatment discontinuation (TTD) was 11.6 m vs. 4.6 m (p= 0.006). The overall survival for the whole group was 15.4 m and was not statistically affected by the type of treatment (19.2 m vs. 13.5 m; p = 0.83).
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Affiliation(s)
- Urska Janzic
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Clinic Golnik, 4204 Golnik, Slovenia
- Medical Faculty Ljubljana, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Walid Shalata
- The Legacy Heritage Cancer Center & Dr. Larry Norton Institute, Soroka Medical Center, Ben Gurion University, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Katarzyna Szymczak
- Department of Oncology and Radiotherapy and Early Phase Clinical Trials Centre, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-210 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Rafał Dziadziuszko
- Department of Oncology and Radiotherapy and Early Phase Clinical Trials Centre, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-210 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Marko Jakopovic
- Department for Respiratory Diseases Jordanovac, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Giannis Mountzios
- Clinical Trials Unit, Fourth Oncology Department, Henry Dunant Hospital Center, 115 26 Athens, Greece
| | - Adam Płużański
- Department of Lung Cancer and Chest Tumours, The Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 00-001 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Antonio Araujo
- Department of Medical Oncology, CHUPorto—University Hospitalar Center of Porto, 4099-001 Porto, Portugal
| | - Andriani Charpidou
- Oncology Unit, 3rd Department of Medicine, “Sotiria” Hospital for Diseases of the Chest, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 106 79 Athens, Greece
| | - Abed Agbarya
- Department of Oncology, Bnai-Zion Medical Center, 47 Golomb Avenue, Haifa 31048, Israel
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17
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Nitulescu GM, Stancov G, Seremet OC, Nitulescu G, Mihai DP, Duta-Bratu CG, Barbuceanu SF, Olaru OT. The Importance of the Pyrazole Scaffold in the Design of Protein Kinases Inhibitors as Targeted Anticancer Therapies. Molecules 2023; 28:5359. [PMID: 37513232 PMCID: PMC10385367 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28145359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The altered activation or overexpression of protein kinases (PKs) is a major subject of research in oncology and their inhibition using small molecules, protein kinases inhibitors (PKI) is the best available option for the cure of cancer. The pyrazole ring is extensively employed in the field of medicinal chemistry and drug development strategies, playing a vital role as a fundamental framework in the structure of various PKIs. This scaffold holds major importance and is considered a privileged structure based on its synthetic accessibility, drug-like properties, and its versatile bioisosteric replacement function. It has proven to play a key role in many PKI, such as the inhibitors of Akt, Aurora kinases, MAPK, B-raf, JAK, Bcr-Abl, c-Met, PDGFR, FGFRT, and RET. Of the 74 small molecule PKI approved by the US FDA, 8 contain a pyrazole ring: Avapritinib, Asciminib, Crizotinib, Encorafenib, Erdafitinib, Pralsetinib, Pirtobrutinib, and Ruxolitinib. The focus of this review is on the importance of the unfused pyrazole ring within the clinically tested PKI and on the additional required elements of their chemical structures. Related important pyrazole fused scaffolds like indazole, pyrrolo[1,2-b]pyrazole, pyrazolo[4,3-b]pyridine, pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine, or pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine are beyond the subject of this work.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Georgiana Nitulescu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Traian Vuia 6, 020956 Bucharest, Romania; (G.M.N.)
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18
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Teh JH, Amgheib A, Fu R, Barnes C, Abrahams J, Ashek A, Wang N, Yang Z, Mansoorudeen M, Long NJ, Aboagye EO. Evaluation of [ 18F]AlF-EMP-105 for Molecular Imaging of C-Met. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1915. [PMID: 37514101 PMCID: PMC10383791 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15071915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
C-Met is a receptor tyrosine kinase that is overexpressed in a range of different cancer types, and has been identified as a potential biomarker for cancer imaging and therapy. Previously, a 68Ga-labelled peptide, [68Ga]Ga-EMP-100, has shown promise for imaging c-Met in renal cell carcinoma in humans. Herein, we report the synthesis and preliminary biological evaluation of an [18F]AlF-labelled analogue, [18F]AlF-EMP-105, for c-Met imaging by positron emission tomography. EMP-105 was radiolabelled using the aluminium-[18F]fluoride method with 46 ± 2% RCY and >95% RCP in 35-40 min. In vitro evaluation showed that [18F]AlF-EMP-105 has a high specificity for c-Met-expressing cells. Radioactive metabolite analysis at 5 and 30 min post-injection revealed that [18F]AlF-EMP-105 has good blood stability, but undergoes transformation-transchelation, defluorination or demetallation-in the liver and kidneys. PET imaging in non-tumour-bearing mice showed high radioactive accumulation in the kidneys, bladder and urine, demonstrating that the tracer is cleared predominantly as [18F]fluoride by the renal system. With its high specificity for c-Met expressing cells, [18F]AlF-EMP-105 shows promise as a potential diagnostic tool for imaging cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Hui Teh
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Ala Amgheib
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Ruisi Fu
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Chris Barnes
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Joel Abrahams
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Ali Ashek
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Ning Wang
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Zixuan Yang
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Muneera Mansoorudeen
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Nicholas J Long
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Eric O Aboagye
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
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19
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Ding C, Qiu Y, Zhang J, Wei W, Gao H, Yuan Y, Wang X. Clinicopathological characteristics of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) patients with c-MET exon 14 skipping mutation, MET overexpression and amplification. BMC Pulm Med 2023; 23:240. [PMID: 37400762 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-023-02482-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE MET exon 14 skipping is one of the rare mutations in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), involving its pathogenesis and progression. The performances of several MET inhibitors in clinical trials have been validated based on NGS, immunohistochemistry (IHC), and gene copy number assessments. Thus, a detailed understanding of the relationship between these markers and prognosis is required. METHODS This study has recruited patients (n = 17) with MET exon 14 skipping mutation and initially screened genes (n = 10) by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) from 257 specimens of NSCLC, including small biopsies and surgical resection. Further, the IHC analysis detected MET overexpression and recorded the score using the MetMAb trial (rial ( recruited patients (n = 17) with MET exstainings). Finally, the fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) resulted in the MET amplification with a MET copy number initially screened genes (n = 10) by p. RESULTS PCR results indicated strong MET staining ( 3+) in more than 50% of tumor cells. Among the recruited 17 cases of MET exon 14 skipping, 9 cases presented MET amplification, and 10 cases with MET overexpression. These attributes were not correlated to the clinicopathological characteristics and overall survival. In addition, 4 cases showed gene amplification, and 3 cases presented polyploidy condition. The correlation analysis showed a significant relationship between MET amplification and MET overexpression (Pearson's r2 = 0.4657, P < 0.005). CONCLUSION Together, these findings indicated a significant correlation between MET overexpression and MET amplification in NSCLC patients but no correlation to prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caixia Ding
- Department of Pathology, Shaanxi Cancer Hospital, 309 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710000, China
| | - Yanyi Qiu
- Graduate School, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Jiangning District, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211122, China
| | - Juan Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Shaanxi Cancer Hospital, 309 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710000, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Department of Pathology, Shaanxi Cancer Hospital, 309 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710000, China
| | - Hongbian Gao
- Department of Pathology, Shaanxi Cancer Hospital, 309 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710000, China
| | - Yong Yuan
- Department of Pathology, Shaanxi Cancer Hospital, 309 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710000, China
| | - Xiaomin Wang
- Department of Pathology, Shaanxi Cancer Hospital, 309 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710000, China.
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20
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Khadela A, Postwala H, Rana D, Dave H, Ranch K, Boddu SHS. A review of recent advances in the novel therapeutic targets and immunotherapy for lung cancer. Med Oncol 2023; 40:152. [PMID: 37071269 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-023-02005-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
Lung cancer is amongst the most pervasive malignancies having high mortality rates. It is broadly grouped into non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and small-cell lung cancer (SCLC). The concept of personalized medicine has overshadowed the conventional chemotherapy given to all patients with lung cancer. The targeted therapy is given to a particular population having specific mutations to help in the better management of lung cancer. The targeting pathways for NSCLC include the epidermal growth factor receptor, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor, MET (Mesenchymal epithelial transition factor) oncogene, Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene (KRAS), and anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK). SCLC targeting pathway includes Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARP) inhibitors, checkpoint kinase 1 (CHK 1) pathway, WEE1 pathway, Ataxia Telangiectasia and Rad3-related (ATR)/Ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM), and Delta-like canonical Notch ligand 3 (DLL-Immune checkpoint inhibitors like programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1)/ programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitors and Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 (CTLA4) blockade are also utilized in the management of lung cancer. Many of the targeted therapies are still under development and require clinical trials to establish their safety and efficacy. This review summarizes the mechanism of molecular targets and immune-mediated targets, recently approved drugs, and their clinical trials for lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avinash Khadela
- Department of Pharmacology, L. M. College of Pharmacy, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 380009, India.
| | - Humzah Postwala
- Pharm.D Section, L. M. College of Pharmacy, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 380009, India
| | - Deval Rana
- Pharm.D Section, L. M. College of Pharmacy, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 380009, India
| | - Hetvi Dave
- Pharm.D Section, L. M. College of Pharmacy, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 380009, India
| | - Ketan Ranch
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharm. Technology, L. M. College of Pharmacy, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 380009, India
| | - Sai H S Boddu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Ajman University, P.O. Box 346, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
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21
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Hu X, Jiang C, Hu N, Hong S. ADAMTS1 induces epithelial-mesenchymal transition pathway in non-small cell lung cancer by regulating TGF-β. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:2097-2114. [PMID: 36947712 PMCID: PMC10085599 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for approximately 80% of all lung cancers. Identifying key molecular targets related to the initiation, development, and metastasis of lung cancer is important for its diagnosis and target therapy. The ADAMTS families of multidomain extracellular protease enzymes have been reported to be involved in many physiological processes. In this study, we found that ADAMTS1 was highly expressed in NSCLC tissues, which promoted cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) of NSCLC cells. In the NSCLC tumor metastasis model involving nude mice, overexpression of ADAMTS1 promoted EMT and lung metastasis of tumor cells. Moreover, ADAMTS1 positively regulated TGF-β expression, and TGF-β was highly expressed in NSCLC tumor tissues. si-TGF-β or inhibition of TGF-β expression through the short peptide KTFR on ADAMTS1 protein could reverse the oncogenic effects of ADAMTS1 on lung cancer cells. Taken together, ADAMTS1 functioned as an oncogene in NSCLC cells by promoting TGF-β expression, indicating that ADAMTS1 has important regulatory roles in the progression of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqian Hu
- Department of Oncology, Ningbo Municipal Hospital of TCM, Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Ningbo, China
| | - Chunqi Jiang
- Department of Oncology, Ningbo Municipal Hospital of TCM, Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Ningbo, China
| | - Ning Hu
- Department of Cardiovascular Division, Ningbo Municipal Hospital of TCM, Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Ningbo, China
| | - Shanyi Hong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ningbo Municipal Hospital of TCM, Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Ningbo, China
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22
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Sakamoto M, Patil T. MET alterations in advanced non-small cell lung cancer. Lung Cancer 2023; 178:254-268. [PMID: 36924573 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2023.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
Targeting the MET pathway in advanced NSCLC has been of particular interest due to its role as both a primary oncogenic driver and secondary oncogenic driver of acquired resistance. Activation of the MET pathway can occur through several mechanisms, which can complicate the diagnostic and treatment approach. Recently, several MET-directed therapies have been developed with promising results. In this narrative review, we summarize the biology and mechanism of MET as a clinically relevant driver mutation, distinct MET alterations including diagnostic challenges, significance in the setting of acquired resistance, and novel treatment strategies in advanced NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandy Sakamoto
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, United States
| | - Tejas Patil
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, United States.
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23
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Brayford S, Duly A, Teo WS, Dwarte T, Gonzales-Aloy E, Ma Z, McVeigh L, Failes TW, Arndt GM, McCarroll JA, Kavallaris M. βIII-tubulin suppression enhances the activity of Amuvatinib to inhibit cell proliferation in c-Met positive non-small cell lung cancer cells. Cancer Med 2023; 12:4455-4471. [PMID: 35946957 PMCID: PMC9972117 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.5128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinoma (NSCLC) remains a leading cause of cancer death. Resistance to therapy is a significant problem, highlighting the need to find new ways of sensitising tumour cells to therapeutic agents. βIII-tubulin is associated with aggressive tumours and chemotherapy resistance in a range of cancers including NSCLC. βIII-tubulin expression has been shown to impact kinase signalling in NSCLC cells. Here, we sought to exploit this interaction by identifying co-activity between βIII-tubulin suppression and small-molecule kinase inhibitors. To achieve this, a forced-genetics approach combined with a high-throughput drug screen was used. We show that activity of the multi-kinase inhibitor Amuvatinib (MP-470) is enhanced by βIII-tubulin suppression in independent NSCLC cell lines. We also show that this compound significantly inhibits cell proliferation among βIII-tubulin knockdown cells expressing the receptor tyrosine kinase c-Met. Together, our results highlight that βIII-tubulin suppression combined with targeting specific receptor tyrosine kinases may represent a novel therapeutic approach for otherwise difficult-to-treat lung carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Brayford
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW, Sydney, Australia.,Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, UNSW, Sydney, Australia.,School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Medicine and Health, Sydney, Australia
| | - Alastair Duly
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW, Sydney, Australia.,Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - Wee Siang Teo
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW, Sydney, Australia.,Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - Tanya Dwarte
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW, Sydney, Australia.,Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - Estrella Gonzales-Aloy
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW, Sydney, Australia.,Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - Zerong Ma
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW, Sydney, Australia.,Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, UNSW, Sydney, Australia.,School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Medicine and Health, Sydney, Australia
| | - Laura McVeigh
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW, Sydney, Australia.,Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, UNSW, Sydney, Australia.,School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Medicine and Health, Sydney, Australia
| | - Timothy W Failes
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW, Sydney, Australia.,ACRF Drug Discovery Centre for Childhood Cancer, Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - Greg M Arndt
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW, Sydney, Australia.,School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Medicine and Health, Sydney, Australia.,ACRF Drug Discovery Centre for Childhood Cancer, Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - Joshua A McCarroll
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW, Sydney, Australia.,Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, UNSW, Sydney, Australia.,School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Medicine and Health, Sydney, Australia
| | - Maria Kavallaris
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW, Sydney, Australia.,Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, UNSW, Sydney, Australia.,School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Medicine and Health, Sydney, Australia
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24
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Ortega MA, Pekarek L, Navarro F, Fraile-Martínez O, García-Montero C, Álvarez-Mon MÁ, Diez-Pedrero R, Boyano-Adánez MDC, Guijarro LG, Barrena-Blázquez S, Gómez-Lahoz AM, Haro S, Arroyo M, Monserrat J, Saez MA, Alvarez-Mon M. Updated Views in Targeted Therapy in the Patient with Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. J Pers Med 2023; 13:jpm13020167. [PMID: 36836402 PMCID: PMC9959016 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13020167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most frequent form of lung cancer and represents a set of histological entities that have an ominous long-term prognosis, for example, adenocarcinoma, squamous carcinoma and large cell carcinoma. Both small cell and non-small cell lung cancer are the main causes of oncological death and the oncological diseases with the highest incidence worldwide. With regard to clinical approaches for NSCLC, several advances have been achieved in diagnosis and treatment; the analysis of different molecular markers has led to the development of new targeted therapies that have improved the prognosis for selected patients. Despite this, most patients are diagnosed in an advanced stage, presenting a limited life expectancy with an ominous short-term prognosis. Numerous molecular alterations have been described in recent years, allowing for the development of therapies directed against specific therapeutic targets. The correct identification of the expression of different molecular markers has allowed for the individualization of treatment throughout the disease course, expanding the available therapeutic arsenal. The purpose of this article is to summarize the main characteristics of NSCLC and the advances that have occurred in the use of targeted therapies, thus explaining the limitations that have been observed in the management of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A. Ortega
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcala, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
- Ramon and Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
- Cancer Registry and Pathology Department, Prince of Asturias University Hospital, 28806 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
- Correspondence:
| | - Leonel Pekarek
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcala, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
- Ramon and Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
- Oncology Service, Guadalajara University Hospital, 19002 Guadalajara, Spain
| | - Fátima Navarro
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcala, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
- Ramon and Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
- Oncology Service, Prince of Asturias University Hospital, 28806 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Oscar Fraile-Martínez
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcala, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
- Ramon and Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Cielo García-Montero
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcala, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
- Ramon and Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel Álvarez-Mon
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcala, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
- Ramon and Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Raúl Diez-Pedrero
- Department of General and Digestive Surgery, General and Digestive Surgery, Príncipe de Asturias Teaching Hospital, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
- Department of Surgery, Medical and Social Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - María del Carmen Boyano-Adánez
- Unit of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Systems Biology, University of Alcalá, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Luis G. Guijarro
- Ramon and Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
- Unit of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Systems Biology, University of Alcalá, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Silvestra Barrena-Blázquez
- Department of General and Digestive Surgery, General and Digestive Surgery, Príncipe de Asturias Teaching Hospital, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Ana M. Gómez-Lahoz
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcala, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
- Ramon and Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sergio Haro
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcala, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
- Ramon and Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Mónica Arroyo
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcala, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
- Ramon and Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
- Oncology Service, Guadalajara University Hospital, 19002 Guadalajara, Spain
| | - Jorge Monserrat
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcala, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
- Ramon and Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel A. Saez
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcala, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
- Ramon and Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
- Department of General and Digestive Surgery, General and Digestive Surgery, Príncipe de Asturias Teaching Hospital, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Melchor Alvarez-Mon
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcala, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
- Ramon and Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Surgery, Medical and Social Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
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25
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Gholami L, Ivari JR, Nasab NK, Oskuee RK, Sathyapalan T, Sahebkar A. Recent Advances in Lung Cancer Therapy Based on Nanomaterials: A Review. Curr Med Chem 2023; 30:335-355. [PMID: 34375182 DOI: 10.2174/0929867328666210810160901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer is one of the commonest cancers with a significant mortality rate for both genders, particularly in men. Lung cancer is recognized as one of the leading causes of death worldwide, which threatens the lives of over 1.6 million people every day. Although cancer is the leading cause of death in industrialized countries, conventional anticancer medications are unlikely to increase patients' life expectancy and quality of life significantly. In recent years, there are significant advances in the development and applications of nanotechnology in cancer treatment. The superiority of nanostructured approaches is that they act more selectively than traditional agents. This progress led to the development of a novel field of cancer treatment known as nanomedicine. Various formulations based on nanocarriers, including lipids, polymers, liposomes, nanoparticles and dendrimers have opened new horizons in lung cancer therapy. The application and expansion of nano-agents lead to an exciting and challenging research era in pharmaceutical science, especially for the delivery of emerging anti-cancer agents. The objective of this review is to discuss the recent advances in three types of nanoparticle formulations for lung cancer treatments modalities, including liposomes, polymeric micelles, and dendrimers for efficient drug delivery. Afterward, we have summarized the promising clinical data on nanomaterials based therapeutic approaches in ongoing clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Gholami
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Jalil Rouhani Ivari
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Niloofar Khandan Nasab
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Reza Kazemi Oskuee
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Thozhukat Sathyapalan
- Academic Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 9177948564, Iran.,School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.,School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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26
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Phase I Study Evaluating Glesatinib (MGCD265), An Inhibitor of MET and AXL, in Patients with Non-small Cell Lung Cancer and Other Advanced Solid Tumors. Target Oncol 2023; 18:105-118. [PMID: 36459255 DOI: 10.1007/s11523-022-00931-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heightened signaling by mesenchymal epithelial transition factor (MET) is implicated in tumorigenesis. Glesatinib is an investigational, oral inhibitor of MET and AXL. OBJECTIVE This phase I study determined the maximum tolerated dose (MTD), recommended phase II dose (RP2D), and safety profile of glesatinib in patients with advanced or unresectable solid tumors. Antitumor activity and pharmacokinetics (PK) were secondary objectives. PATIENTS AND METHODS Four formulations of glesatinib glycolate salt (capsule, unmicronized, micronized, and micronized version 2 [V2] tablets) and two free-base formulations (free-base suspension [FBS] capsule and spray-dried dispersion [SDD] tablet), developed to enhance drug exposure and optimize manufacturing processes, were evaluated in patients with genetically unselected advanced/unresectable solid tumors. MTD, based on dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs) observed during the first 21-day treatment cycle, was further evaluated in dose-expansion cohorts comprising patients with overexpression of MET and/or AXL, MET/AXL amplification, MET-activating mutations, or MET/AXL rearrangements for confirmation as the RP2D. RESULTS Glesatinib was evaluated across 27 dose-escalation cohorts (n = 108). Due to suboptimal exposure with glesatinib glycolate salt formulations in the initial cohorts, investigations subsequently focused on the FBS capsule and SDD tablet; for these formulations, MTD was identified as 1050 mg twice daily and 750 mg twice daily, respectively. An additional 71 patients received glesatinib in the FBS and SDD dose-expansion cohorts. At MTDs, the most frequent treatment-related adverse events were diarrhea (FBS, 83.3%; SDD, 75.0%), nausea (57.1%, 30.6%), vomiting (45.2%, 25.0%), increased alanine aminotransferase (45.2%, 30.6%), and increased aspartate aminotransferase (47.6%, 27.8%). Exploratory pharmacodynamic analyses indicated target engagement and inhibition of MET by glesatinib. Antitumor activity was observed with glesatinib FBS 1050 mg twice daily and SDD 750 mg twice daily in tumors harboring MET/AXL alteration or aberrant protein expression, particularly in patients with non--small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In patients with NSCLC, the objective response rate was 25.9% in those with MET/AXL mutation or amplification and 30.0% in a subset with MET-activating mutations. All six partial responses occurred in patients with tumors carrying MET exon 14 deletion mutations. CONCLUSIONS The safety profile of single-agent glesatinib was acceptable. SDD 750 mg twice daily was selected as the preferred glesatinib formulation and dose based on clinical activity, safety, and PK data. Observations from this study led to initiation of a phase II study of glesatinib in patients with NSCLC stratified by type of MET alteration (NCT02544633). CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00697632; June 2008.
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27
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Contreras-Sanzón E, Prado-Garcia H, Romero-Garcia S, Nuñez-Corona D, Ortiz-Quintero B, Luna-Rivero C, Martínez-Cruz V, Carlos-Reyes Á. Histone deacetylases modulate resistance to the therapy in lung cancer. Front Genet 2022; 13:960263. [PMID: 36263432 PMCID: PMC9574126 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.960263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
The acetylation status of histones located in both oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes modulate cancer hallmarks. In lung cancer, changes in the acetylation status are associated with increased cell proliferation, tumor growth, migration, invasion, and metastasis. Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are a group of enzymes that take part in the elimination of acetyl groups from histones. Thus, HDACs regulate the acetylation status of histones. Although several therapies are available to treat lung cancer, many of these fail because of the development of tumor resistance. One mechanism of tumor resistance is the aberrant expression of HDACs. Specific anti-cancer therapies modulate HDACs expression, resulting in chromatin remodeling and epigenetic modification of the expression of a variety of genes. Thus, HDACs are promising therapeutic targets to improve the response to anti-cancer treatments. Besides, natural compounds such as phytochemicals have potent antioxidant and chemopreventive activities. Some of these compounds modulate the deregulated activity of HDACs (e.g. curcumin, apigenin, EGCG, resveratrol, and quercetin). These phytochemicals have been shown to inhibit some of the cancer hallmarks through HDAC modulation. The present review discusses the epigenetic mechanisms by which HDACs contribute to carcinogenesis and resistance of lung cancer cells to anticancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Heriberto Prado-Garcia
- Laboratorio de Onco-Inmunobiologia, Departamento de Enfermedades Crónico-Degenerativas, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosio Villegas, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Susana Romero-Garcia
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - David Nuñez-Corona
- Posgrado de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Autónoma de la Ciudad de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Blanca Ortiz-Quintero
- Departamento de Investigación en Bioquímica, Unidad de Investigación, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosio Villegas, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Cesar Luna-Rivero
- Servicio de Patología, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosio Villegas, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Victor Martínez-Cruz
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Ángeles Carlos-Reyes
- Laboratorio de Onco-Inmunobiologia, Departamento de Enfermedades Crónico-Degenerativas, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosio Villegas, Ciudad de México, México
- *Correspondence: Ángeles Carlos-Reyes,
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28
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Dempke WCM, Reuther S, Hamid Z, Thoennissen NH. Oncogene alterations in non-small cell lung cancer-have we MET a new target? Transl Lung Cancer Res 2022; 11:1977-1981. [PMID: 36386451 PMCID: PMC9641042 DOI: 10.21037/tlcr-22-648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wolfram C. M. Dempke
- University of Munich, Medical Clinic III, Campus Grosshadern, Munich, Germany;,Cord Blood Centre, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Susanne Reuther
- University of Munich, Medical Clinic III, Campus Grosshadern, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Nils H. Thoennissen
- University of Munich, Medical Clinic III, Campus Grosshadern, Munich, Germany;,Cord Blood Centre, Bratislava, Slovakia
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Duréndez-Sáez E, Calabuig-Fariñas S, Torres-Martínez S, Moreno-Manuel A, Herreros-Pomares A, Escorihuela E, Mosqueda M, Gallach S, Guijarro R, Serna E, Suárez-Cabrera C, Paramio JM, Blasco A, Camps C, Jantus-Lewintre E. Analysis of Exosomal Cargo Provides Accurate Clinical, Histologic and Mutational Information in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14133216. [PMID: 35804987 PMCID: PMC9264915 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14133216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the second most commonly diagnosed cancer and the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Clinical decision-making depends on the histological classification; however, tissue biopsy is frequently not technically feasible due to tumor location or limited tissue samples. Therefore, we propose to find clinical, molecular and histological biomarkers using a minimally invasive approach based on the analysis of the cargo of the blood extracellular vesicles. Exosomes are membranous vesicles present in several biological fluids, which carry biological information to distant tissues, regulating several tumor processes. This study aims to analyze NSCLC exosome cargo for search biomarkers that could improve clinical management. This report demonstrates the possibility of implementing exosomes to detect molecular alterations and as a source of biomarkers to differentiate NSCLC histology, allowing for a new approach in precision oncology. Abstract Lung cancer is a malignant disease with high mortality and poor prognosis, frequently diagnosed at advanced stages. Nowadays, immense progress in treatment has been achieved. However, the present scenario continues to be critical, and a full comprehension of tumor progression mechanisms is required, with exosomes being potentially relevant players. Exosomes are membranous vesicles that contain biological information, which can be transported cell-to-cell and modulate relevant processes in the hallmarks of cancer. The present research aims to characterize the exosomes’ cargo and study their role in NSCLC to identify biomarkers. We analyzed exosomes secreted by primary cultures and cell lines, grown in monolayer and tumorsphere formations. Exosomal DNA content showed molecular alterations, whereas RNA high-throughput analysis resulted in a pattern of differentially expressed genes depending on histology. The most significant differences were found in XAGE1B, CABYR, NKX2-1, SEPP1, CAPRIN1, and RIOK3 genes when samples from two independent cohorts of resected NSCLC patients were analyzed. We identified and validated biomarkers for adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. Our results could represent a relevant contribution concerning exosomes in clinical practice, allowing for the identification of biomarkers that provide information regarding tumor features, prognosis and clinical behavior of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Duréndez-Sáez
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Fundación Investigación Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, 46014 Valencia, Spain; (E.D.-S.); (S.C.-F.); (S.T.-M.); (A.M.-M.); (A.H.-P.); (E.E.); (M.M.); (S.G.)
- TRIAL Mixed Unit, Centro Investigación Príncipe Felipe—Fundación Investigación Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, 46014 Valencia, Spain;
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer, CIBERONC, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (R.G.); (C.S.-C.); (J.M.P.)
| | - Silvia Calabuig-Fariñas
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Fundación Investigación Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, 46014 Valencia, Spain; (E.D.-S.); (S.C.-F.); (S.T.-M.); (A.M.-M.); (A.H.-P.); (E.E.); (M.M.); (S.G.)
- TRIAL Mixed Unit, Centro Investigación Príncipe Felipe—Fundación Investigación Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, 46014 Valencia, Spain;
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer, CIBERONC, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (R.G.); (C.S.-C.); (J.M.P.)
- Department of Pathology, Universitat de València, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Susana Torres-Martínez
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Fundación Investigación Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, 46014 Valencia, Spain; (E.D.-S.); (S.C.-F.); (S.T.-M.); (A.M.-M.); (A.H.-P.); (E.E.); (M.M.); (S.G.)
- TRIAL Mixed Unit, Centro Investigación Príncipe Felipe—Fundación Investigación Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, 46014 Valencia, Spain;
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer, CIBERONC, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (R.G.); (C.S.-C.); (J.M.P.)
| | - Andrea Moreno-Manuel
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Fundación Investigación Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, 46014 Valencia, Spain; (E.D.-S.); (S.C.-F.); (S.T.-M.); (A.M.-M.); (A.H.-P.); (E.E.); (M.M.); (S.G.)
- TRIAL Mixed Unit, Centro Investigación Príncipe Felipe—Fundación Investigación Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, 46014 Valencia, Spain;
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer, CIBERONC, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (R.G.); (C.S.-C.); (J.M.P.)
| | - Alejandro Herreros-Pomares
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Fundación Investigación Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, 46014 Valencia, Spain; (E.D.-S.); (S.C.-F.); (S.T.-M.); (A.M.-M.); (A.H.-P.); (E.E.); (M.M.); (S.G.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer, CIBERONC, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (R.G.); (C.S.-C.); (J.M.P.)
- Department of Biotechnology, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Eva Escorihuela
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Fundación Investigación Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, 46014 Valencia, Spain; (E.D.-S.); (S.C.-F.); (S.T.-M.); (A.M.-M.); (A.H.-P.); (E.E.); (M.M.); (S.G.)
- TRIAL Mixed Unit, Centro Investigación Príncipe Felipe—Fundación Investigación Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, 46014 Valencia, Spain;
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer, CIBERONC, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (R.G.); (C.S.-C.); (J.M.P.)
| | - Marais Mosqueda
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Fundación Investigación Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, 46014 Valencia, Spain; (E.D.-S.); (S.C.-F.); (S.T.-M.); (A.M.-M.); (A.H.-P.); (E.E.); (M.M.); (S.G.)
- TRIAL Mixed Unit, Centro Investigación Príncipe Felipe—Fundación Investigación Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, 46014 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Sandra Gallach
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Fundación Investigación Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, 46014 Valencia, Spain; (E.D.-S.); (S.C.-F.); (S.T.-M.); (A.M.-M.); (A.H.-P.); (E.E.); (M.M.); (S.G.)
- TRIAL Mixed Unit, Centro Investigación Príncipe Felipe—Fundación Investigación Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, 46014 Valencia, Spain;
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer, CIBERONC, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (R.G.); (C.S.-C.); (J.M.P.)
| | - Ricardo Guijarro
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer, CIBERONC, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (R.G.); (C.S.-C.); (J.M.P.)
- Department of Surgery, Universitat de València, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, 46014 Valencia, Spain
| | - Eva Serna
- Freshage Research Group, Department of Physiology, Universitat de València, 46010 Valencia, Spain;
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable CIBERFES, Fundación Investigación Hospital Clínico Universitario/INCLIVA, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Cristian Suárez-Cabrera
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer, CIBERONC, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (R.G.); (C.S.-C.); (J.M.P.)
- Biomedical Research Institute i+12, Hospital Universitario “12 de Octubre”, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Molecular Oncology Unit, CIEMAT, 28045 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús M. Paramio
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer, CIBERONC, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (R.G.); (C.S.-C.); (J.M.P.)
- Biomedical Research Institute i+12, Hospital Universitario “12 de Octubre”, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Molecular Oncology Unit, CIEMAT, 28045 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Blasco
- TRIAL Mixed Unit, Centro Investigación Príncipe Felipe—Fundación Investigación Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, 46014 Valencia, Spain;
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer, CIBERONC, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (R.G.); (C.S.-C.); (J.M.P.)
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, 46014 Valencia, Spain
| | - Carlos Camps
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Fundación Investigación Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, 46014 Valencia, Spain; (E.D.-S.); (S.C.-F.); (S.T.-M.); (A.M.-M.); (A.H.-P.); (E.E.); (M.M.); (S.G.)
- TRIAL Mixed Unit, Centro Investigación Príncipe Felipe—Fundación Investigación Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, 46014 Valencia, Spain;
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer, CIBERONC, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (R.G.); (C.S.-C.); (J.M.P.)
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, 46014 Valencia, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Universitat de València, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Correspondence: (C.C.); (E.J.-L.)
| | - Eloisa Jantus-Lewintre
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Fundación Investigación Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, 46014 Valencia, Spain; (E.D.-S.); (S.C.-F.); (S.T.-M.); (A.M.-M.); (A.H.-P.); (E.E.); (M.M.); (S.G.)
- TRIAL Mixed Unit, Centro Investigación Príncipe Felipe—Fundación Investigación Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, 46014 Valencia, Spain;
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer, CIBERONC, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (R.G.); (C.S.-C.); (J.M.P.)
- Department of Biotechnology, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain
- Joint Unit: Nanomedicine, Centro Investigación Príncipe Felipe—Universitat Politècnica de Valencia, 46022 Valencia, Spain
- Correspondence: (C.C.); (E.J.-L.)
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Characteristic computed tomography features in mesenchymal-epithelial transition exon14 skipping-positive non-small cell lung cancer. BMC Pulm Med 2022; 22:260. [PMID: 35773658 PMCID: PMC9245203 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-022-02037-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mesenchymal-epithelial transition exon14 (METex14) skipping is one of the therapeutic driver oncogene mutations in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and can be treated with tepotinib and capmatinib. There is only one report on computed tomography (CT) findings of METex14 skipping-positive NSCLC, which shows that the primary tumor tends to have a large mass in the upper lobe, and extrathoracic metastases are common. This study examined the CT findings of METex14 skipping-positive NSCLC, focusing on the features of the margins and internal structures. Methods We consecutively included patients with METex14 skipping-positive NSCLC who were diagnosed between January 2018 and December 2020 at four independent institutions. We retrospectively reviewed the patient demographics and CT findings for tumor margins (invasion into surrounding tissue, lobulation, pleural indentation, spicula, and ground-glass opacity) and internal structures (air bronchograms, cavitation and internal low-density area). Results Fifteen patients with METex14 skipping-positive NSCLC were identified. Almost half of the patients were men (7/15; 46.7%), and their median age was 75.0 years. More than half were either current or former smokers (9/15; 60.0%). A vast majority of histological subtypes were adenocarcinoma (10/15; 66.7%), followed by pleomorphic carcinoma (3/15; 20.0%) and squamous cell carcinoma (2/15; 13.3%). With regard to CT findings, most primary tumors presented as masses larger than 30 mm (12/15; 80.0%) and were located in the upper lobes (12/15; 80.0%). Invasion into surrounding tissue and presence of internal low-density areas were observed in 60.0% (9/15) and 66.7% (10/15) of the primary tumors, respectively. Additionally, their frequencies increased to 72.7% (8/11) and 90.9% (10/11) in stage III/IV cases, respectively. In lymph node metastasis, internal low-density areas were observed in 8/10 cases (80.0%). Although these two CT features were rarely observed in distant metastases at diagnosis, they became apparent with progression of the metastatic tumor size. Conclusions METex14 skipping-positive NSCLC tumors tend to invade surrounding tissue and possess internal low-density areas. These CT findings might be characteristic of METex14 skipping-positive NSCLC. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12890-022-02037-4.
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31
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Pan S, Meng H, Fan T, Hao B, Song C, Li D, Li N, Geng Q. Comprehensive Analysis of Programmed Cell Death Signature in the Prognosis, Tumor Microenvironment and Drug Sensitivity in Lung Adenocarcinoma. Front Genet 2022; 13:900159. [PMID: 35664309 PMCID: PMC9157820 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.900159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Programmed cell death (PCD) is a process that regulates the homeostasis of cells in the body, and it plays an important role in tumor immunity. However, the expression profile and clinical characteristics of PCD-related genes remain unclear. In this study, we comprehensively analysed the PCD genes with the tumor microenvironment (TME), drug sensitivity, immunothearapy response, and evaluated their prognostic value through systematic bioinformatics methods.We identified 125 PCD-related regulatory factors, which were expressed differently in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and normal lung tissues. 32 PCD related prognostic genes associated with LUAD were identified by univariate Cox analysis. 23 PCD-related gene signature was constructed, and all LUAD patients in the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset were stratified as low-risk or high-risk groups according to the risk score. This signature had a powerful prognostic value, which was validated in three independent data sets and clinical subtypes. Additionally, it has unique properties in TME. Further analysis showed that different risk groups have different immune cell infiltration, immune inflammation profile, immune pathways, and immune subtypes. In addition, the low-risk group had a better immunotherapy response with higher levels of multiple immune checkpoints and lower Tumor immune dysfunction and exclusion (TIDE) score, while the high-risk group was sensitive to multiple chemotherapeutic drugs because of its lower IC50. In short, this is the first model to predict the prognosis and immunological status of LUAD patients based on PCD-related genes. It may be used as a predictor of immunotherapy response to achieve customized treatment of LUAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shize Pan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Heng Meng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Tao Fan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Bo Hao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Congkuan Song
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Donghang Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ning Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qing Geng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Soonnarong R, Putra ID, Sriratanasak N, Sritularak B, Chanvorachote P. Artonin F Induces the Ubiquitin-Proteasomal Degradation of c-Met and Decreases Akt-mTOR Signaling. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15050633. [PMID: 35631459 PMCID: PMC9145792 DOI: 10.3390/ph15050633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeted therapies that selectively inhibit certain molecules in cancer cells have been considered promising for cancer treatment. In lung cancer, evidence has suggested that mesenchymal-epithelial transition factor (c-Met) oncoprotein drives cancer progression through its signaling transduction pathway. In this paper, we report the downregulation of c-Met by artonin F, a flavonoid isolated from Artocarpus gomezianus. Artonin F was found to be dominantly toxic to lung cancer cells by mediating apoptosis. With regard to its mechanism of action, artonin F downregulated c-Met expression, consequently suppressed the phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase/Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin signaling, increased Bax expression, decreased Bcl-2 expression, and activated caspase-3. The depletion of c-Met was mediated by ubiquitin-proteasomal degradation following co-treatment with artonin F, with the proteasome inhibitor MG132 reversing its c-Met-targeting effect. The immunoprecipitation analysis revealed that artonin F significantly promoted the formation of the c-Met–ubiquitin complex. Given that ubiquitin-specific protease 8 (USP8) prevents c-Met degradation by deubiquitination, we performed a preliminary in silico molecular docking and observed that artonin F blocked the catalytic site of USP8. In addition, artonin F interacted with the catalytic residues of palmitoylating enzymes. By acting as a competitive inhibitor, artonin F could reduce the degree of palmitoylation of c-Met, which affected its stability and activity. In conclusion, c-Met is critical for cancer cell survival and the failure of chemotherapeutic regimens. This novel information on the c-Met downregulating effect of artonin F will be beneficial for the development of efficient anticancer strategies or targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rapeepun Soonnarong
- Interdisciplinary Program of Pharmacology Graduate School, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand;
- Center of Excellence in Cancer Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (I.D.P.); (N.S.)
| | - Ismail Dwi Putra
- Center of Excellence in Cancer Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (I.D.P.); (N.S.)
- Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology Graduate Program, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Nicharat Sriratanasak
- Center of Excellence in Cancer Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (I.D.P.); (N.S.)
- Departments of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Boonchoo Sritularak
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand;
| | - Pithi Chanvorachote
- Center of Excellence in Cancer Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (I.D.P.); (N.S.)
- Departments of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +662-218-8344
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Arora S, Asawa P, Kataria N, Hendriks LEL, Desai AP. Management of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: Updates from the European Lung Cancer Congress 2022. Cancer Invest 2022; 40:577-589. [PMID: 35561313 DOI: 10.1080/07357907.2022.2077566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The recently concluded European Lung Cancer Congress 2022 (ELCC22) showcased some very exciting data, with more than 200 abstracts presented during the meeting. Through this review, we focus on selected clinically relevant abstracts that in our opinion represent significant updates in the current management of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Here, we summarize the updates in surgical management, adjuvant therapy and therapy for advanced stage NSCLC and put these advances in context of current clinical standard of care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sankalp Arora
- Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Palash Asawa
- Department of Internal Medicine, Allegheny General Hospital, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Nilansh Kataria
- Department of Medicine, Armed Forces Medical College, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Lizza E L Hendriks
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, GROW-School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University Medical Center+, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Aakash P Desai
- Division of Medical Oncology, MayoClinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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Kaewjanthong P, Sooksai S, Sasano H, Hutvagner G, Bajan S, McGowan E, Boonyaratanakornkit V. Cell-penetrating peptides containing the progesterone receptor polyproline domain inhibits EGF signaling and cell proliferation in lung cancer cells. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0264717. [PMID: 35235599 PMCID: PMC8890653 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0264717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for the majority (80–85%) of all lung cancers. All current available treatments have limited efficacy. The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) plays a critical role in the development and progression of NSCLC, with high EGFR expression associated with increased cell proliferation and poor prognosis. Thus, interfering with EGFR signaling has been shown to effectively reduce cell proliferation and help in the treatment of NSCLC. We previously demonstrated that the progesterone receptor (PR) contains a polyproline domain (PPD) that directly interacts with Src homology 3 (SH3) domain-containing molecules and expression of PR-PPD peptides inhibits NSCLC cell proliferation. In this study, we investigated whether the introduction of PR-PPD by cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) could inhibit EGF-induced cell proliferation in NSCLC cells. PR-PPD was attached to a cancer-specific CPP, Buforin2 (BR2), to help deliver the PR-PPD into NSCLC cells. Interestingly, addition of BR2-2xPPD peptides containing two PR-PPD repeats was more effective in inhibiting NSCLC proliferation and significantly reduced EGF-induced phosphorylation of Erk1/2. BR2-2xPPD treatment induced cell cycle arrest by inhibiting the expression of cyclin D1 and CDK2 genes in EGFR-wild type A549 cells. Furthermore, the combination treatment of EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), including Gefitinib or Erlotinib, with BR2-2xPPD peptides further suppressed the growth of NSCLC PC9 cells harboring EGFR mutations as compared to EGFR-TKIs treatment alone. Importantly, BR2-2xPPD peptides mediated growth inhibition in acquired Gefitinib- and Erlotinib- resistant lung adenocarcinoma cells. Our data suggests that PR-PPD is the minimal protein domain sufficient to inhibit NSCLC cell growth and has the potential to be developed as a novel NSCLC therapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panthita Kaewjanthong
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Graduate Program in Clinical Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sarintip Sooksai
- The Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Hironobu Sasano
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Gyorgy Hutvagner
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and IT, University of Technology Sydney, Australia
| | - Sarah Bajan
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and IT, University of Technology Sydney, Australia
- School of Health and Behavioural Sciences, University of the Sunshine Coast, Australia
- Sunshine Coast Health Institute, Birtinya, Australia
| | - Eileen McGowan
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Viroj Boonyaratanakornkit
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Graduate Program in Clinical Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Age-related Inflammation and Degeneration Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- * E-mail:
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Min J, Long C, Zhang L, Duan J, Fan H, Chu F, Li Z. c-Met specific CAR-T cells as a targeted therapy for non-small cell lung cancer cell A549. Bioengineered 2022; 13:9216-9232. [PMID: 35378051 PMCID: PMC9161852 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2022.2058149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is considered to be one of the most prevalent and fatal malignancies, with a poor survival rate. Chimeric antigen receptor T cell (CAR-T) cell therapy is one of the most exciting directions in the field of Cellular immunotherapy. Therefore, CAR-T cells that target c-Met have been developed for use in NSCLC therapy and might be a potential therapeutic strategy. The anti c-Met ScFv structure was fused with the transmembrane and intracellular domains. Using a lentiviral vector to load the c-Met CAR gene, then transfected the c-Met CAR lentiviral into human T cells to obtain the second generation c-Met CAR-T expressing CARs stably. In vitro co-culture, experiments revealed that CAR-T cells have high proliferative activity and the potential to secrete cytokines (IL-2, TNF-α, and IFN-γ). c-Met CAR-T cells showed special cellular cytotoxicity in LDH release assay. A subcutaneous tumor model in nude mice was used to test the anticancer effectiveness of c-Met CAR-T cells in vivo. For c-Met positive NSCLC tissue, according to tumor volume, weight, fluorescence intensity, and immunohistochemical detection, c-Met CAR-T cells had stronger tumor growth suppression compared to untransduced T cells. HE staining revealed that c-Met CAR-T cells did not produced side effects in nude mice. Taken together, we provided useful method to generate c-Met CAR- T cells, which exhibit enhanced cytotoxicity against NSCLC cells in vitro and in vivo. Thus, providing a new therapeutic avenue for treating NSCLC clinically. Highlights(1) c-Met CAR-T capable of stably expressing c-Met CARs were constructed. (2) c-Met CAR-T have strong anti-tumor ability and proliferation ability in vitro. (3) c-Met CAR-T can effectively inhibit the growth of A549 cells subcutaneous xenografts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingting Min
- Department of Basic Medical, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, AH, China
| | - Chirong Long
- Department of Basic Medical, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, AH, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Department of Life Sciences, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, AH, China
| | - Jiakang Duan
- Department of Hepatological Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, AH, China
| | - Honglian Fan
- Department of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, AH, China
| | - Fei Chu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, AH, China
| | - Zhenghong Li
- Department of Life Sciences, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, AH, China
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Ambrosini-Spaltro A, Farnedi A, Calistri D, Rengucci C, Prisinzano G, Chiadini E, Capelli L, Angeli D, Bennati C, Valli M, De Luca G, Caruso D, Ulivi P, Rossi G. The role of next-generation sequencing in detecting gene FUSIONS with KNOWN and UNKNOWN partners: A single-center experience with methodologies' integration. Hum Pathol 2022; 123:20-30. [PMID: 35181377 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2022.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Next-generation sequencing (NGS) is becoming a new gold standard for determining molecular predictive biomarkers. This study aimed to evaluate the reliability of NGS in detecting gene fusions, focusing on comparing gene fusions with known and unknown partners. METHODS We collected all gene fusions from a consecutive case series using an amplicon-based DNA/RNA NGS platform and subdivided them into two groups: gene fusions with known partners and gene fusions with unknown partners. Gene fusions involving ALK, ROS1 and RET were also examined by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and/or fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH). RESULTS Overall, 1174 malignancies underwent NGS analysis. NGS detected gene fusions in 67 cases (5.7%), further subdivided into 43 (64.2%) with known partners and 24 (35.8%) with unknown partners. Gene fusions were predominantly found in non-small cell lung carcinomas (52/67, 77.6%). Gene fusions with known partners frequently involved ALK (20/43, 46.5%) and MET (9/43, 20.9%), while gene fusions with unknown partners mostly involved RET (18/24, 75.0%). FISH/IHC confirmed rearrangement status in most (89.3%) of the gene fusions with known partners, but in only one (4.8%) of the gene fusions with unknown partners, with a significant difference (p<0.001). In 17 patients undergoing targeted therapy, the log-rank test revealed that the overall survival was higher in the known partner group than in the unknown partner group (p=0.002). CONCLUSIONS NGS is a reliable method for detecting gene fusions with known partners, but it is less accurate in identifying gene fusions with unknown partners, for which further analyses (such as FISH) are required.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna Farnedi
- Pathology Unit, Morgagni-Pierantoni Hospital, Forlì, AUSL Romagna, Italy
| | - Daniele Calistri
- Biosciences Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per Lo Studio Dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", Meldola, Italy
| | - Claudia Rengucci
- Biosciences Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per Lo Studio Dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", Meldola, Italy
| | - Giovanna Prisinzano
- Biosciences Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per Lo Studio Dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", Meldola, Italy
| | - Elisa Chiadini
- Biosciences Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per Lo Studio Dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", Meldola, Italy
| | - Laura Capelli
- Biosciences Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per Lo Studio Dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", Meldola, Italy
| | - Davide Angeli
- Unit of Biostatistics and Clinical Trials, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per Lo Studio Dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", Meldola, Italy
| | - Chiara Bennati
- Oncology Unit, Santa Maria Delle Croci Hospital, Ravenna, AUSL Romagna, Italy
| | - Mirca Valli
- Pathology Unit, Infermi Hospital, Rimini, AUSL Romagna, Italy
| | | | - Dora Caruso
- Pathology Unit, Santa Maria Delle Croci Hospital, Ravenna, AUSL Romagna, Italy
| | - Paola Ulivi
- Biosciences Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per Lo Studio Dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", Meldola, Italy
| | - Giulio Rossi
- Pathology Unit, Department of Oncology, Fondazione Poliambulanza, Brescia, Italy
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Cortot A, Le X, Smit E, Viteri S, Kato T, Sakai H, Park K, Camidge DR, Berghoff K, Vlassak S, Paik PK. Safety of MET Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors in Patients with MET Exon 14 Skipping Non-small Cell Lung Cancer: A Clinical Review. Clin Lung Cancer 2022; 23:195-207. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cllc.2022.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Huang WC, Yen JH, Sung YW, Tung SL, Chen PM, Chu PY, Shih YC, Chi HC, Huang YC, Huang SJ, Wang LH. Novel function of THEMIS2 in the enhancement of cancer stemness and chemoresistance by releasing PTP1B from MET. Oncogene 2022; 41:997-1010. [PMID: 34974522 PMCID: PMC8837547 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-02136-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) possesses poor prognosis mainly due to lack of effective endocrine or targeted therapies, aggressive nature and high rate of chemoresistance. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are considered to play critical roles in cancer recurrence and chemoresistance. THEMIS2 was identified as the sole common elevated gene in three triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) and two ovarian CSC lines. We discovered an intrinsic signaling scaffold function of THEMIS2, which acts as a novel regulator of cancer stemness in promoting multiple cancer stemness properties including sphere formation, stemness markers expression, chemoresistance and tumorigenicity with low numbers of cancer cells implantation. For the first time, we demonstrated that THEMIS2 specifically enhanced MET activating phosphorylation by suppressing the association of protein-tyrosine phosphatases 1B (PTP1B) with p-MET and MET, which accounted mainly for THEMIS2-mediated effect on cancer stemness and chemoresistance. Increased THEMIS2 expression was associated with poor survival in TNBC patients and in patients from our breast cancer cohort. We found that non-cytotoxic dosages of cryptotanshinone (CPT) could potently inhibit cancer stemness, chemoresistance and tumorigenicity by suppressing expression of THEMIS2. Notably, stable overexpression of THEMIS2 is associated with enhanced sensitivity toward Capmatinib and CPT treatment. Expression levels of THEMIS2 and p-MET protein were positively correlated in the 465 breast cancer specimens. Our study revealed the novel oncogenic role of THEMIS2 and its underlying mechanism via suppressing PTP1B association with MET and thus leading to its activation. Our findings suggest that THEMIS2 could be a biomarker for MET targeted therapy and also provide a potential clinical application using low dosages of CPT for treatment of THEMIS2 positive TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Chieh Huang
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Chinese Medicine Research Center, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Hau Yen
- Research Cancer Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Wen Sung
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecologics, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Shiao-Lin Tung
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Ton-Yen General Hospital, Hsinchu County, Taiwan
- Department of Nursing, Hsin Sheng Junior College of Medical Care and Management, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Po-Ming Chen
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Yi Chu
- Department of Pathology, Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Chung-Shang Road, Changhua County, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Chi Shih
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Chinese Medicine Research Center, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-Cheng Chi
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Chinese Medicine Research Center, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ching Huang
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Jei Huang
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Chinese Medicine Research Center, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Lu-Hai Wang
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
- Chinese Medicine Research Center, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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Huang C, Xiao S, Cheng Y, Li Y, Xia Z, Tang W, Shi B, Qin C, Xu H, Shu X. Clinical, Laboratory, Radiological, Bronchoscopic, and Outcome Characteristics of Pulmonary Fungal Infection in Children in PICU in Central China: A Case Series. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:822043. [PMID: 35547541 PMCID: PMC9082638 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.822043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Fungal infections are common in pediatric intensive care units (PICUs), but the monitoring methods are limited. This study analyzed the differences in clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment between PICU patients with and without fungal infection. METHODS This retrospective study analyzed PICU patients at the Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province diagnosed with severe pneumonia between January 2015 and January 2020. The patients were divided into the fungal (F) and non-fungal (NF) infection groups. Levels of 1,3-beta-D-glucan (BDG) and galactomannan (GM) in serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were analyzed. Chest computed tomography (CT) images were reviewed. RESULTS A total of 357 patients were included. In the F group, fever, moist rales, coarse rales, shortness of breath, and sepsis were more common (all P < 0.05); PICU time, hospitalization duration, and BDG- and GM-positive rates in serum and BALF were all significantly higher than in the NF group (all P < 0.05). The BDG- and GM-positive rates in serum and BALF were higher in the F than in the NF group (all P < 0.05). The abnormal lymphocyte ratios in serum were higher in the F group (all P < 0.05). Wedge-shaped, patchy, streaky shadows and subpleural reticulation were higher in CT images of the F group (all P < 0.05). Tracheobronchial stenosis was more common in pulmonary fibroscopy results of the F group (P = 0.04). CONCLUSION PICU pneumonia patients with fungal infection have specific clinical and laboratory features compared with those without fungal infection, including higher rates of BALF, serum BDG, GM positivity and tracheobronchial stenosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengjiao Huang
- Department of Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU), Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuna Xiao
- Department of Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU), Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| | - Yin Cheng
- Department of Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU), Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| | - Yong Li
- Department of Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU), Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhi Xia
- Department of Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU), Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| | - Wen Tang
- Department of Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU), Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| | - Buyun Shi
- Department of Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU), Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| | - Chenguang Qin
- Department of Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU), Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| | - Hui Xu
- Department of Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU), Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaolan Shu
- Department of Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU), Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
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40
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Damalanka VC, Voss JJLP, Mahoney MW, Primeau T, Li S, Klampfer L, Janetka JW. Macrocyclic Inhibitors of HGF-Activating Serine Proteases Overcome Resistance to Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors and Block Lung Cancer Progression. J Med Chem 2021; 64:18158-18174. [PMID: 34902246 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), the ligand for the MET receptor tyrosine kinase, is a tumor-promoting factor that is abundant in the tumor microenvironment. Proteolytic activation of inactive pro-HGF by one or more of the serine endopeptidases matriptase, hepsin, and HGF activator is the rate-limiting step in HGF/MET signaling. Herein, we have rationally designed a novel class of side chain cyclized macrocyclic peptide inhibitors. The new series of cyclic tripeptides has superior metabolic stability and significantly improved pharmacokinetics in mice relative to the corresponding linear peptides. We identified the lead compound VD2173 that potently inhibits matriptase and hepsin, which was tested in parallel alongside the acyclic inhibitor ZFH7116 using both in vitro and in vivo models of lung cancer. We demonstrated that both compounds block pro-HGF activation, abrogate HGF-mediated wound healing, and overcome resistance to EGFR- and MET-targeted therapy in lung cancer models. Furthermore, VD2173 inhibited HGF-dependent growth of lung cancer tumors in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishnu C Damalanka
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Jorine J L P Voss
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Matthew W Mahoney
- ProteXase Therapeutics, Inc., Saint Louis, Missouri 63108, United States
| | - Tina Primeau
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Shunqiang Li
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Lidija Klampfer
- ProteXase Therapeutics, Inc., Saint Louis, Missouri 63108, United States
| | - James W Janetka
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri 63110, United States.,ProteXase Therapeutics, Inc., Saint Louis, Missouri 63108, United States
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41
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Liang H, Zhou D, Dai L, Zhang M, Gao Z, Mu X. A Novel c-Mesenchymal-Epithelial Transition Factor Intergenic Fusion Response to Crizotinib in a Chinese Patient With Lung Adenocarcinoma: A Case Report. Front Oncol 2021; 11:727662. [PMID: 34778041 PMCID: PMC8581303 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.727662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The c-mesenchymal–epithelial transition factor (C-MET) is an oncogene encoding a tyrosine kinase receptor that plays an important role in tumor growth and metastasis. The National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) guidelines have approved carbatinib/crizotinib for advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with MET exon 14 skipping. Methods In June 2020, the Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine of Peking University People’s Hospital admitted a 72-year-old male patient with lung adenocarcinoma (LADC) with a history of interstitial lung disease secondary to antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis. Genetic examination by next-generation sequencing showed an intergenic fusion of MET, and crizotinib was administered on August 14, 2020. Follow-up showed that tumor volume was significantly reduced. However, crizotinib was discontinued in November 2020 because of the patient’s worsening interstitial lung disease, and CT scans showed continued partial response (PR) for 5 months. In April 2021, right lower lobe mass progressed, and disease progression was considered. Conclusion This was the first case of a patient with LADC with MET intergenic fusion who significantly benefited from crizotinib. Even after crizotinib was discontinued for 5 months, the patient continued exhibiting PR, suggesting that MET intergenic fusion may have carcinogenic activity in LADC and was sensitive to crizotinib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongge Liang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Dexun Zhou
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Dai
- Department of Pathology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Moqin Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhancheng Gao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xinlin Mu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
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Cheema PK, Banerji SO, Blais N, Chu QSC, Desmeules P, Juergens RA, Leighl NB, Sheffield BS, Wheatley-Price PF, Melosky BL. Canadian Consensus Recommendations on the Management of MET-Altered NSCLC. Curr Oncol 2021; 28:4552-4576. [PMID: 34898564 PMCID: PMC8628757 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol28060386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In Canada, the therapeutic management of patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with rare actionable mutations differs between provinces, territories, and individual centres based on access to molecular testing and funded treatments. These variations, together with the emergence of several novel mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET) factor-targeted therapies for the treatment of NSCLC, warrant the development of evidence-based consensus recommendations for the use of these agents. A Canadian expert panel was convened to define key clinical questions, review evidence, discuss practice recommendations and reach consensus on the treatment of advanced MET-altered NSCLC. Questions addressed by the panel include: 1. How should the patients most likely to benefit from MET-targeted therapies be identified? 2. What are the preferred first-line and subsequent therapies for patients with MET exon 14 skipping mutations? 3. What are the preferred first-line and subsequent therapies for advanced NSCLC patients with de novo MET amplification? 4. What is the preferred therapy for patients with advanced epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-mutated NSCLC with acquired MET amplification progressing on EGFR inhibitors? 5. What are the potential strategies for overcoming resistance to MET inhibitors? Answers to these questions, along with the consensus recommendations herein, will help streamline the management of MET-altered NSCLC in routine practice, assist clinicians in therapeutic decision-making, and help ensure optimal outcomes for NSCLC patients with MET alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parneet K. Cheema
- Medical Oncology/Hematology, William Osler Health System, Brampton, ON L6R 3J7, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Shantanu O. Banerji
- CancerCare Manitoba Research Institute, Department of Medical Oncology, CancerCare Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada;
| | - Normand Blais
- Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H2X 3E4, Canada;
| | - Quincy S.-C. Chu
- Cross Cancer Institute, Alberta Health Services, Edmonton, AB T6G 1Z2, Canada;
| | - Patrice Desmeules
- Service d’Anatomopathologie et de Cytologie, Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada;
| | - Rosalyn A. Juergens
- Department of Medical Oncology, Juravinski Cancer Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8V 5C2, Canada;
| | - Natasha B. Leighl
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada;
| | - Brandon S. Sheffield
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, William Osler Health System, Brampton, ON L6R 3J7, Canada;
| | - Paul F. Wheatley-Price
- Department of Medicine, The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada;
| | - Barbara L. Melosky
- Department of Medical Oncology, BC Cancer-Vancouver Centre, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4E6, Canada;
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Yang J, Xu Z, Wu WKK, Chu Q, Zhang Q. GraphSynergy: a network-inspired deep learning model for anticancer drug combination prediction. J Am Med Inform Assoc 2021; 28:2336-2345. [PMID: 34472609 PMCID: PMC8510276 DOI: 10.1093/jamia/ocab162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To develop an end-to-end deep learning framework based on a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network to make synergistic anticancer drug combination predictions. MATERIALS AND METHODS We propose a deep learning framework named Graph Convolutional Network for Drug Synergy (GraphSynergy). GraphSynergy adapts a spatial-based Graph Convolutional Network component to encode the high-order topological relationships in the PPI network of protein modules targeted by a pair of drugs, as well as the protein modules associated with a specific cancer cell line. The pharmacological effects of drug combinations are explicitly evaluated by their therapy and toxicity scores. An attention component is also introduced in GraphSynergy, which aims to capture the pivotal proteins that play a part in both PPI network and biomolecular interactions between drug combinations and cancer cell lines. RESULTS GraphSynergy outperforms the classic and state-of-the-art models in predicting synergistic drug combinations on the 2 latest drug combination datasets. Specifically, GraphSynergy achieves accuracy values of 0.7553 (11.94% improvement compared to DeepSynergy, the latest published drug combination prediction algorithm) and 0.7557 (10.95% improvement compared to DeepSynergy) on DrugCombDB and Oncology-Screen datasets, respectively. Furthermore, the proteins allocated with high contribution weights during the training of GraphSynergy are proved to play a role in view of molecular functions and biological processes, such as transcription and transcription regulation. CONCLUSION The introduction of topological relations between drug combination and cell line within the PPI network can significantly improve the capability of synergistic drug combination identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiannan Yang
- School of Data Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong,
S.A.R. of China
| | - Zhongzhi Xu
- Hong Kong Jockey Club Centre for Suicide Research and Prevention, The
University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, S.A.R. of China
| | - William Ka Kei Wu
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Chinese University of Hong
Kong, Hong Kong, S.A.R. of China
| | - Qian Chu
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of
Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qingpeng Zhang
- School of Data Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong,
S.A.R. of China
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Karmacharya U, Guragain D, Chaudhary P, Jee JG, Kim JA, Jeong BS. Novel Pyridine Bioisostere of Cabozantinib as a Potent c-Met Kinase Inhibitor: Synthesis and Anti-Tumor Activity against Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22189685. [PMID: 34575841 PMCID: PMC8468607 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Two novel bioisosteres of cabozantinib, 3 and 4, were designed and synthesized. The benzene ring in the center of the cabozantinib structure was replaced by trimethylpyridine (3) and pyridine (4), respectively. Surprisingly, the two compounds showed extremely contrasting mesenchymal-epithelial transition factor (c-Met) inhibitory activities at 1 μM concentration (4% inhibition of 3 vs. 94% inhibition of 4). The IC50 value of compound 4 was 4.9 nM, similar to that of cabozantinib (5.4 nM). A ligand-based docking study suggested that 4 includes the preferred conformation for the binding to c-Met in the conformational ensemble, but 3 does not. The anti-proliferative activity of compound 4 against hepatocellular carcinoma (Hep3B and Huh7) and non-small-cell lung cancer (A549 and H1299) cell lines was better than that of cabozantinib, whereas 3 did not show a significant anti-proliferative activity. Moreover, the tumor selectivity of compound 4 toward hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines was higher than that of cabozantinib. In the xenograft chick tumor model, compound 4 inhibited Hep3B tumor growth to a much greater extent than cabozantinib. The present study suggests that compound 4 may be a good therapeutic candidate against hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ujjwala Karmacharya
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea; (U.K.); (D.G.); (P.C.)
| | - Diwakar Guragain
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea; (U.K.); (D.G.); (P.C.)
| | - Prakash Chaudhary
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea; (U.K.); (D.G.); (P.C.)
| | - Jun-Goo Jee
- College of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea;
| | - Jung-Ae Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea; (U.K.); (D.G.); (P.C.)
- Correspondence: (J.-A.K.); (B.-S.J.); Tel.: +82-53-810-2816 (J.-A.K.); +82-53-810-2814 (B.-S.J.)
| | - Byeong-Seon Jeong
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea; (U.K.); (D.G.); (P.C.)
- Correspondence: (J.-A.K.); (B.-S.J.); Tel.: +82-53-810-2816 (J.-A.K.); +82-53-810-2814 (B.-S.J.)
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Hempel L, de Oliveira JV, Gaumann A, Milani V, Schweneker K, Schenck K, Fleischmann B, Philipp P, Mederle S, Garg A, Piehler A, Gandorfer B, Schick C, Kleespies A, Sellmann L, Bartels M, Goetze TO, Stein A, Goekkurt E, Pfitzner L, Robert S, Hempel D. Landscape of Biomarkers and Actionable Gene Alterations in Adenocarcinoma of GEJ and Stomach-A Real World Data Analysis. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13174453. [PMID: 34503263 PMCID: PMC8431038 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13174453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
After several years of negative phase III trials in gastric and esophageal cancer, a significant breakthrough in the treatment of metastatic adenocarcinomas of the gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) and stomach (GC) is now becoming evident with the emerging of precision oncology and implementation of molecular targets in tumor treatment. In addition, new generation studies such as umbrella and basket trials are focused on these molecular targets, which makes an early molecular diagnosis based on IHC/ISH and NGS necessary. The required companion diagnostics of Her2neu overamplification or PD-L1 expression is based on immunohistochemistry (IHC) or additionally in situ hybridization (ISH) in case of an IHC Her2neu score of 2+. However, there are investigator-dependent differences in the assessment of Her2neu amplification and different PD-L1 scoring systems obtained by IHC/ISH. The use of high-throughput technologies such as next-generation sequencing (NGS) holds the potential to standardize the analysis and thus make them more comparable. In the presented study, real-world multigene sequencing data of 72 Caucasian patients diagnosed with metastatic adenocarcinomas of GEJ and stomach were analyzed. In the clinical companion diagnostics, we found ESCAT level I molecular targets in one-third of our patients, which directly determined the therapy. In addition, we found potential targets in 14/72 patients (19.4%) who potentially qualify for precision therapies in corresponding molecular studies. The study highlights the importance of comprehensive molecular profiling for precision treatment of GEJ/GC and indicates that a biomarker evaluation should be performed for all patients with metastatic adenocarcinomas before the initiation of first-line treatment and during second-line or subsequent treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louisa Hempel
- Medical School, Sigmund Freud University, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Julia Veloso de Oliveira
- Fraunhofer Institute of Optronics System Technologies, and Image Exploitation IOSB, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany; (J.V.d.O.); (P.P.)
| | - Andreas Gaumann
- Molekularpathologie Suedbayern, 87600 Kaufbeuren, Germany; (A.G.); (L.P.)
| | - Valeria Milani
- Facharztzentrum Fuerstenfeldbruck, 82256 Fürstenfeldbruck, Germany;
| | | | - Kristina Schenck
- Oncological Center Dachau, 85221 Dachau, Germany; (K.S.); (K.S.)
| | | | - Patrick Philipp
- Fraunhofer Institute of Optronics System Technologies, and Image Exploitation IOSB, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany; (J.V.d.O.); (P.P.)
| | - Stefanie Mederle
- Oncological Center Donauwörth, 86609 Donawörth, Germany; (S.M.); (A.G.)
| | - Arun Garg
- Oncological Center Donauwörth, 86609 Donawörth, Germany; (S.M.); (A.G.)
| | - Armin Piehler
- MVZ Laboratory Freising, 85354 Freising, Germany; (A.P.); (B.G.); (C.S.)
| | - Beate Gandorfer
- MVZ Laboratory Freising, 85354 Freising, Germany; (A.P.); (B.G.); (C.S.)
| | - Cordula Schick
- MVZ Laboratory Freising, 85354 Freising, Germany; (A.P.); (B.G.); (C.S.)
| | | | - Ludger Sellmann
- Praxis für Onkologie Moenchengladbach, 41066 Mönchengladbach, Germany; (L.S.); (M.B.)
| | - Marius Bartels
- Praxis für Onkologie Moenchengladbach, 41066 Mönchengladbach, Germany; (L.S.); (M.B.)
| | | | - Alexander Stein
- Hematology-Oncology Practice Eppendorf (HOPE) and University Cancer Center Hamburg (UCCH), 20144 Hamburg, Germany; (A.S.); (E.G.)
| | - Eray Goekkurt
- Hematology-Oncology Practice Eppendorf (HOPE) and University Cancer Center Hamburg (UCCH), 20144 Hamburg, Germany; (A.S.); (E.G.)
| | - Lucia Pfitzner
- Molekularpathologie Suedbayern, 87600 Kaufbeuren, Germany; (A.G.); (L.P.)
| | - Sebastian Robert
- Faculty of Applied Health and Social Sciences, Technical University of Applied Sciences Rosenheim, 83024 Rosenheim, Germany;
| | - Dirk Hempel
- Institute of Translational Molecular Tumor Research, 85354 Freising, Germany
- Correspondence:
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Teishikata T, Shiraishi K, Shinno Y, Kobayashi Y, Kashima J, Ishiyama T, Yoshida T, Mori T, Yatabe Y. An Alert to Possible False Positives With a Commercial Assay for MET Exon 14 Skipping. J Thorac Oncol 2021; 16:2133-2138. [PMID: 34419686 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2021.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Because molecular-targeted drugs against MET exon 14 (METex14) skipping have been approved, molecular testing of the alteration has added to clinical guidelines. There are several such assays, but methodological issues have been reported. METHODS METex14 skipping results from three assays (Oncomine DxTT, ArcherMET, and laboratory-developed reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction test [LDT RT-PCR]) were compared in a relatively small series of the specimens diagnosed as advanced NSCLC (n = 50). RESULTS The ArcherMET and LDT RT-PCR results were identical for all 50 samples, but eight samples had discordant results between Oncomine DxTT and the other two assays. All eight samples had METex14 skipping with Oncomine DxTT and wild-type signals with ArcherMET and LDT RT-PCR. The discordance might be caused by the homopolymeric error of the splice donor site with Oncomine DxTT, and false positives could be distinguished by relatively low read counts. CONCLUSIONS Although the caution in detecting METex14 skipping focuses on false negatives in the literature, false positives were first noted at a relatively high frequency (8 of 26, 30.8%) in this study. According to the results of previous clinical trials using the other tyrosine kinase inhibitors, it could be surmised that MET inhibitor treatment in patients without METex14 skipping is detrimental. Clinicians need to be alert to the false positives that can lead to harmful treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Teishikata
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kouya Shiraishi
- Division of Genome Biology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuki Shinno
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Kobayashi
- Division of Molecular Pathology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jumpei Kashima
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takako Ishiyama
- Division of Molecular Pathology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Yoshida
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taisuke Mori
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Thoracic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasushi Yatabe
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Thoracic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
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Huang D, Yang J, Zhang Q, Wang G, Zhang Z, Zhang Y, Li J. Structure-guided design and development of novel N-phenylpyrimidin-2-amine derivatives as potential c-Met inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 223:113648. [PMID: 34175535 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The HGF/Met signaling pathway is over-expressed in many types of cancers and closely related to oncogenesis and metastasis. Thus, we developed novel N-phenylpyrimidin-2-amine derivatives to test their inhibitory activities towards c-Met kinase, and most of the compounds (15a-i, 15o-r, 20 and 34a-c) could inhibit the target with IC50 values from 550.8 nM to 15.0 nM. Subsequently, compound 15b, 15d, 15f, 15i, 15o, 15r, 20, 34a and 34b also showed high antiproliferative activities in c-Met sensitive tumor cell lines (PC-3, Panc-1, HepG2, HCT116 and Caki-1) with IC50 values from 0.53 to 1.37 μM. The lead compound 34a displayed outstanding c-Met inhibitory activity (IC50: 15.0 nM) and antiproliferative activities. Furthermore, 34a also performed favorable pharmacokinetic properties in mice (F%: 59.3) and an acceptable safety profile in preclinical studies. Further docking studies showed a common interaction of 34a with c-Met at the ATP-binding site, which indicated that 34a could be a potential candidate for c-Met inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daowei Huang
- School of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, 050018, China
| | - Jixia Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, 050018, China
| | - Qingwei Zhang
- Novel Technology Center of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai, 201203, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Guan Wang
- Novel Technology Center of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai, 201203, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Zixue Zhang
- Novel Technology Center of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai, 201203, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- School of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, 050018, China.
| | - Jianqi Li
- Novel Technology Center of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai, 201203, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process, Shanghai, 201203, China.
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Higher cMET dependence of sacral compared to clival chordoma cells: contributing to a better understanding of cMET in chordoma. Sci Rep 2021; 11:12466. [PMID: 34127734 PMCID: PMC8203686 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-92018-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Chordomas are rare slow growing, malignant bone tumors of the axial skeleton with no approved medical treatment. As the majority of chordomas express cMET and its ligand, HGF, and crosstalks between EGFR and MET-signaling exist, we aimed to explore cMET activity in chordoma cell lines and clinical samples. We investigated nine chordoma patients and four chordoma cell lines for cMET expression. Two clival and two sacral chordoma cell lines were tested for chromosomal abnormalities of the MET gene locus; we studied the influence of HGF on the autocrine secretion and migration behavior, as well as protein expression and phosphorylation. Two MET/ALK inhibitors were investigated for their effects on cell viability, cell cycle, cyclin alterations, apoptosis, and downstream signaling pathways. Moderate and strong expression of membrane and cytoplasmic cMET in chordoma patients and cell lines used, as well as concentration-dependent increase in phospho cMET expression after HGF stimulation in all four chordoma cell lines was shown. U-CH2, MUG-Chor1, and UM-Chor1 are polysomic for MET. Chordoma cell lines secreted EGF, VEGF, IL-6, and MMP9 upon HGF-stimulation. Sacral cell lines showed a distinct HGF-induced migration. Both inhibitors dose-dependently inhibited cell growth, induce apoptosis and cell-cycle arrest, and suppress downstream pathways. Heterogeneous responses obtained in our in vitro setting indicate that cMET inhibitors alone or in combination with other drugs might particularly benefit patients with sacral chordomas.
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Nozaki M, Nishizuka M. Repression of RhoJ expression promotes TGF-β-mediated EMT in human non-small-cell lung cancer A549cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 566:94-100. [PMID: 34119829 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for most cancer-related deaths because of its strong metastatic ability. It is important to understand NSCLC's molecular mechanisms of metastasis. RhoJ, a protein that belongs to the Rho family of small GTPases, regulates endothelial motility, angiogenesis, and adipogenesis. Recently, bioinformatics analysis showed that NSCLC patients with lower RhoJ expression had a worse survival outcome than those with high RhoJ expression. However, little is known about RhoJ's role in NSCLC. In the present study, we demonstrated that RhoJ knockdown accelerated TGF-βmediated epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), an important cancer metastasis process, in A549 and PC-9 cells. Furthermore, using Matrigel-coated transwell chambers, we showed that RhoJ knockdown enhanced the invasion capacity of A549 cells that had undergone EMT. Also, reduced RhoJ expression increased Smad3 phosphorylation and Snail expression during the EMT process. Our results provide the first evidence of a potential novel role for RhoJ in the inhibition of EMT via modulation of the TGF-β-Smad signaling pathway, and shed new light on the mechanisms underlying EMT in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misa Nozaki
- Graduate School of Sustainable Community Studies, Hirosaki University, 3 Bunkyo-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori, 036-8561, Japan
| | - Makoto Nishizuka
- Graduate School of Sustainable Community Studies, Hirosaki University, 3 Bunkyo-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori, 036-8561, Japan; Department of Applied Biology and Food Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Life Science, Hirosaki University, 3 Bunkyo-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori, 036-8561, Japan.
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50
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Melosky B, Wheatley-Price P, Juergens RA, Sacher A, Leighl NB, Tsao MS, Cheema P, Snow S, Liu G, Card PB, Chu Q. The rapidly evolving landscape of novel targeted therapies in advanced non-small cell lung cancer. Lung Cancer 2021; 160:136-151. [PMID: 34353680 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2021.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Lung cancer is a highly heterogeneous disease often driven by well-characterized driver mutations. Although the best studied are common alterations in the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) oncogenes, rapid advances in molecular characterization has led to the development of novel therapeutics that inhibit additional oncogenic alterations in advanced NSCLC. The literature search identified 62 eligible phase I/II clinical trials or integrated analyses of assessing novel targeted agents against the following molecular alterations: ROS1-rearranged, BRAF V600E-mutant, NTRK-rearranged, MET-altered, uncommon EGFR-mutant, RET-rearranged, HER2-positive, KRAS G12C-mutant and NRG1-rearranged. This rapidly evolving field has produced many new targeted treatment options and promising outcomes have led to the FDA approval of seven novel agents for use in ROS1-rearranged, BRAF V600E-mutant, NTRK-rearranged, MET exon 14 skipping-mutant or RET-rearranged advanced NSCLC. Research continues at a rapid pace, with a number of phase III trials underway to fully evaluate new promising agents under development for improving outcomes in patients with NSCLC harboring distinct molecular subtypes. This review will provide a comprehensive summary of existing data as well as a user-friendly guide on the current status of novel targeted therapy in oncogene-driven advanced NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Melosky
- Medical Oncology, BCCA - 600 W 10th Ave, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4E6, Canada.
| | - Paul Wheatley-Price
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, University of Ottawa, 501 Smyth Box 511, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L6, Canada
| | - Rosalyn A Juergens
- Juravinski Cancer Centre, McMaster University, 699 Concession Street, Hamilton, ON, L8V5C2, Canada
| | - Adrian Sacher
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, 101 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5G1L7, Canada
| | - Natasha B Leighl
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, 7-913 700 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5G1Z5, Canada
| | - Ming-Sound Tsao
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, 101 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5G1L7, Canada
| | - Parneet Cheema
- William Osler Health System, University of Toronto, 101 Humber College Blvd, Etobicoke, ON, M9V 1R8, Canada
| | - Stephanie Snow
- QEII Health Sciences Centre, Dalhousie University, 1276 South Park Street Halifax, NS, B3H 2Y9, Canada
| | - Geoffrey Liu
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, 101 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5G1L7, Canada
| | - Paul B Card
- Kaleidoscope Strategic Inc., 146 Marion St., Toronto, ON, M6R 1E7, Canada
| | - Quincy Chu
- Cross Cancer Institute, University of Alberta, 11560 University Ave, 2nd Floor, Edmonton, AB, T6G 1Z2, Canada
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