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Amiri-Farsani M, Taheri Z, Tirbakhsh Gouran S, Chabok O, Safarpour-Dehkordi M, Kazemi Roudsari M. Cancer stem cells: Recent trends in cancer therapy. NUCLEOSIDES, NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2024:1-32. [PMID: 38319997 DOI: 10.1080/15257770.2024.2311789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a subset of tumor cells that were first identified in blood cancers (leukemia) and are considered promising therapeutic targets in cancer treatment. These cells are the cause of many malignancies including metastasis, heterogeneity, drug resistance, and tumor recurrence. They carry out these activities through multiple transcriptional programs and signaling pathways. This review summarizes the characteristics of cancer stem cells, explains their key signaling pathways and factors, and discusses targeted therapies for cancer stem cells. Investigating these mechanisms and signaling pathways responsible for treatment failure may help identify new therapeutic pathways in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Amiri-Farsani
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Zahra Taheri
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Pavia University, Pavia, Italy
| | - Somayeh Tirbakhsh Gouran
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Omid Chabok
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Maryam Safarpour-Dehkordi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Mahsa Kazemi Roudsari
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
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Lohiya DV, Mehendale AM, Lohiya DV, Lahoti HS, Agrawal VN. Novel Chemotherapy Modalities for Different Cancers. Cureus 2023; 15:e45474. [PMID: 37859875 PMCID: PMC10584278 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.45474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Even though many of the approved drugs still have high systemic toxicity due to a lack of tumor selectivity and present pharmacokinetic drawbacks, like low water solubility, that negatively influence the drug circulation time and bioavailability, the anti-cancer study has produced commendable results in recent years. The stability tests carried out under stressful exposure to high temperatures, hydrolytic media, or light sources during their development or under moderate settings have shown the vulnerability of anti-cancer medications to various factors. Because of this, the development of degradation products is considered hospital waste in pharmaceutical formulations and the environment. Until now, various formulations have been created for attaining tissue-specific therapeutic targeting, lowering harmful side effects, and enhancing drug stability. To boost the specificity, efficiency, and durability of active molecules that are targeted in cancer therapy the invention of prodrugs is the potential approach. The latest study illustrates that the solubility, pharmacokinetics, cellular uptake, and stability of chemotherapy drugs can be improved through the incorporation of them into vesicular systems, such as polymeric micelles or cyclodextrins, or via nanocarriers containing chemotherapeutics linked to monoclonal antibodies. In this review article, we provide an overview of the most recent advances in the field of designing very stable prodrugs or nanosystems that are powerful anti-cancer medications and their actions on the body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya V Lohiya
- Preventive Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Ashok M Mehendale
- Preventive Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Drishti V Lohiya
- Preventive Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Harsh S Lahoti
- Preventive Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Vidhi N Agrawal
- Otolaryngology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
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Breder VV, Ledin EV, Chubenko VA, Orlova RV, Petkau VV, Pokataev IA. Place of durvalumab in the treatment of biliary tract cancer: A review. JOURNAL OF MODERN ONCOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.26442/18151434.2022.4.202006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Biliary tract cancer (BTC) is a group of rare and aggressive types of malignancies that arise from the epithelium of the intra- and extrahepatic bile ducts (cholangiocarcinoma) and gallbladder. The prognosis of unresectable BTC is poor, and less than 5% of patients are alive at 5 years after diagnosis. Radical surgical resection remains the only potentially curative treatment for early stage BTC, and antitumor chemotherapy extends survival rates in patients with unresectable or metastatic BTC. With the emerging of monoclonal antibodies targeting immune checkpoints, the possibility of such therapy in first- and subsequent-line treatment of advanced BTC has been actively studied. The positive high-level results from the TOPAZ-1 Phase III trial showed durvalumab, in combination with standard-of-care chemotherapy (gemcitabine plus cisplatin), statistically improved overall survival versus chemotherapy alone and showed improvements versus chemotherapy alone in prespecified secondary endpoints including progression-free survival and objective response rate. Durvalumab plus chemotherapy was well tolerated, had a similar safety profile versus the comparator arm and did not increase the discontinuation rate due to adverse events compared to chemotherapy alone. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration approved the combination of durvalumab and chemotherapy (gemcitabine plus cisplatin) as the first immunotherapy regimen for patients with locally advanced or metastatic BTC. In July 2022, durvalumab plus chemotherapy (gemcitabine plus cisplatin) was added to the NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology (NCCN Guidelines) as a preferred regimen category 1 in first-line therapy for Unresectable or metastatic BTC based on the data from TOPAZ-1. In addition, the durvalumab plus gemcitabine and cisplatin was recently added to the practical recommendations of the Russian Society of Clinical Oncology (RUSSCO) for the treatment of hepatobiliary cancers as an alternative to standard first-line treatment of BTC.
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El Atat O, Naser R, Abdelkhalek M, Habib RA, El Sibai M. Molecular targeted therapy: A new avenue in glioblastoma treatment. Oncol Lett 2022; 25:46. [PMID: 36644133 PMCID: PMC9811647 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2022.13632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma, also referred to as glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), is grade IV astrocytoma characterized by being fast-growing and the most aggressive brain tumor. In adults, it is the most prevalent type of malignant brain tumor. Despite the advancements in both diagnosis tools and therapeutic treatments, GBM is still associated with poor survival rate without any statistically significant improvement in the past three decades. Patient's genome signature is one of the key factors causing the development of this tumor, in addition to previous radiation exposure and other environmental factors. Researchers have identified genomic and subsequent molecular alterations affecting core pathways that trigger the malignant phenotype of this tumor. Targeting intrinsically altered molecules and pathways is seen as a novel avenue in GBM treatment. The present review shed light on signaling pathways and intrinsically altered molecules implicated in GBM development. It discussed the main challenges impeding successful GBM treatment, such as the blood brain barrier and tumor microenvironment (TME), the plasticity and heterogeneity of both GBM and TME and the glioblastoma stem cells. The present review also presented current advancements in GBM molecular targeted therapy in clinical trials. Profound and comprehensive understanding of molecular participants opens doors for innovative, more targeted and personalized GBM therapeutic modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oula El Atat
- Department of Natural Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Beirut 1102 2801, Lebanon
| | - Rayan Naser
- Department of Natural Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Beirut 1102 2801, Lebanon
| | - Maya Abdelkhalek
- Department of Natural Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Beirut 1102 2801, Lebanon
| | - Ralph Abi Habib
- Department of Natural Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Beirut 1102 2801, Lebanon
| | - Mirvat El Sibai
- Department of Natural Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Beirut 1102 2801, Lebanon,Correspondence to: Professor Mirvat El Sibai, Department of Natural Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Koraytem Street, Beirut 1102 2801, Lebanon, E-mail:
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5
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Fan Y, Wang T, Lei J, Fei F, Liu J, Liu Y. Effects of postoperative radiotherapy and docetaxel and PD-1 inhibitors on the survival and safety of glioblastoma patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2022; 10:1326. [PMID: 36660707 PMCID: PMC9843395 DOI: 10.21037/atm-22-2670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Background The present standard treatment rarely allows the complete removal of glioblastoma (GBM). So postoperative treatments are provided to prevent or delay tumor recurrence. The overall survival (OS) rate and safety of postoperative chemotherapy alone, or combined with radiotherapy (RT), or programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) inhibitor in GBM is still unclear. The present goal was to explore postoperative treatment's effect on the survival and safety of patients with GBM. Methods We searched the mainstream online databases for clinical studies of RT and chemotherapy and PD-1 inhibitors in the treatment of GBM published up to May 2020. The patients in the experimental group accepted an anti-PD-1 drug alone and RT + chemotherapy, whereas the controlled patients were treated with docetaxel alone. The literature qualities were assessed using Cochrane Risk of Bias 2.0, and studies were assigned. The meta-analysis was conducted by RevMan 5.4 software. Results A total of 927 articles were identified through the online database search. The articles unable to meet the inclusion criteria were excluded leaving 6 studies for inclusion in the study. Compared with docetaxel-based chemotherapy for GBM, combined RT chemotherapy and PD-1 inhibitor therapy had better OS [mean difference (MD), -1.75; 95% confidence interval (CI): -2.99 to -0.51; P=0.006] and progression-free survival (PFS) and a lower incidence of adverse reactions (MD, -7.03; 95% CI: -7.64 to -6.42; P<0.00001) above grade III. Conclusions Postoperative combination of RT and chemotherapy and PD-1 inhibitors had some advantages over docetaxel in terms of effectiveness. More clinical trials are needed to confirm effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjun Fan
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jun Lei
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Fan Fei
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanhui Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Immune Biomarkers in Blood from Sarcoma Patients: A Pilot Study. Curr Oncol 2022; 29:5585-5603. [PMID: 36005179 PMCID: PMC9406743 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol29080441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The main role of the host immune system is to identify and eliminate cancer cells, which is a complex process, but it is not a fail-safe mechanism. Many sarcoma patients succumb to this disease despite treatments rendered. The aim of this pilot study was to compare the levels of CD4+ T-cells, T-regulatory (Treg) cells, and cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), interleukin-17A (IL-17A), and transforming growth factor-beta-1 (TGF-β1) in peripheral blood leukocytes of sarcoma patients and healthy controls. For gene expression studies, total ribonucleic acid (RNA) was extracted from peripheral blood leukocytes and genes that were differentially regulated in peripheral blood leukocytes of sarcoma patients compared with healthy controls were determined using a commercial T-helper cell differentiation quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) array. Flow cytometer analysis was performed on blood samples from 26 sarcoma patients and 10 healthy controls to identify the levels of CD4+ T-cells and T-reg cells. The level of cytokines in plasma and culture supernatant were quantified using commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits. A marked reduction in the percentage of CD4+ T-cells (p = 0.037) and levels of TNF-α (p = 0.004) and IFN-γ (0.010) was observed in sarcoma patients. Gene expression analysis showed five genes (homeobox A10 (HOXA10), GATA binding protein 3 (GATA3), prostaglandin D2 receptor 2 (PTGDR2), thymocyte selection associated high mobility group box (TOX), and C-C motif chemokine receptor 3 (CCR3)) were dysregulated (p < 0.05) in sarcoma patients. This study suggests that T-helper-1 immune responses are reduced in sarcoma patients.
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Franzi S, Mattioni G, Rijavec E, Croci GA, Tosi D. Neoadjuvant Chemo-Immunotherapy for Locally Advanced Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer: A Review of the Literature. J Clin Med 2022; 11:2629. [PMID: 35566754 PMCID: PMC9099888 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11092629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer accounts for approximately 80-85% of all lung cancers and at present represents the main cause of cancer death among both men and women. To date, surgery represents the cornerstone; nevertheless, around 40% of completely resected patients develop disease recurrence. Therefore, combining neoadjuvant chemo-immunotherapy and surgery might lead to improved survival. Immunotherapy is normally well tolerated, although significant adverse reactions have been reported in certain patients treated with inhibitors of immune checkpoints. In this review, we explore the current literature on the use of neoadjuvant chemo-immunotherapy followed by surgery for treatment of locally advanced non-small-cell lung cancer, with particular attention to the histological aspects, ongoing trials, and the most common surgical approaches. In conclusion, neoadjuvant immunotherapy whether combined or not with chemotherapy reveals a promising survival benefit for patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer; nevertheless, more data remain necessary to identify the best candidates for neoadjuvant regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Franzi
- Thoracic Surgery and Lung Transplantation Unit, IRCCS Foundation Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (G.M.); (D.T.)
| | - Giovanni Mattioni
- Thoracic Surgery and Lung Transplantation Unit, IRCCS Foundation Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (G.M.); (D.T.)
- School of Thoracic Surgery, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Erika Rijavec
- Medical Oncology Unit, IRCCS Foundation Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy;
| | - Giorgio Alberto Croci
- Division of Pathology, IRCCS Foundation Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy;
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Davide Tosi
- Thoracic Surgery and Lung Transplantation Unit, IRCCS Foundation Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (G.M.); (D.T.)
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Jin Y, Wei J, Weng Y, Feng J, Xu Z, Wang P, Cui X, Chen X, Wang J, Peng M. Adjuvant Therapy With PD1/PDL1 Inhibitors for Human Cancers: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Oncol 2022; 12:732814. [PMID: 35280727 PMCID: PMC8913885 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.732814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have made a breakthrough in the systemic treatment of patients with advanced tumors. However, little is known about their efficacy and safety in adjuvant settings after the resection of solid tumors. Methods We performed a meta-analysis on the efficacy and safety of programmed death 1 (PD1)/PD-1 ligand (PDL1) inhibitors in adjuvant therapy after tumor resection using Review Manager 5.3, based on published clinical studies. The outcomes included recurrence-free survival (RFS), disease-free survival (DFS), overall survival (OS), and adverse events (AEs). Results Eight randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were included in the analysis. The use of PD1/PDL1 inhibitors in adjuvant therapy significantly improved RFS (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.72; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.67–0.78, p < 0.00001). However, there was no statistically significant difference in OS between PD1/PDL1 inhibitors and placebo (HR = 0.86; 95% CI 0.74–1.00, p = 0.05). Gender, age, and PDL1 status were independent predictors of RFS with PD1/PDL1 inhibitors. As for the safety analysis results, PD1/PDL1 inhibitors had a higher incidence of fatigue (risk ratio [RR] = 1.22; 95% CI 1.01–1.49, p = 0.04), nausea (RR = 1.47; 95% CI 1.11–1.94, p = 0.007), and pruritus (RR = 1.96; 95% CI 1.57–2.44, p < 0.00001). In addition, the incidence of any grade adverse events increased in the PD1/PDL1 inhibitor group (RR = 1.03; 95% CI 1.02–1.05, p < 0.0001). Conclusions This is the first meta-analysis on the efficacy and safety of PD1/PDL1 inhibitors in adjuvant therapy. The use of PD1/PDL1 inhibitors in adjuvant therapy could significantly reduce the recurrence rate after solid tumor resection. However, the incidence of fatigue, nausea, pruritus, and any grade AEs also increased, which should be monitored with vigilance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Jin
- Department of Oncology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiayan Wei
- Department of Oncology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yiming Weng
- Department of Oncology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jia Feng
- Department of Oncology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zexi Xu
- Department of Oncology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Peiwei Wang
- Department of Oncology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xue Cui
- Department of Oncology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xinyi Chen
- Department of Oncology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jinsong Wang
- Department of Oncology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Min Peng
- Department of Oncology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Yadav D, Kwak M, Chauhan PS, Puranik N, Lee PCW, Jin JO. Cancer immunotherapy by immune checkpoint blockade and its advanced application using bio-nanomaterials. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 86:909-922. [PMID: 35181474 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2022.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is the second leading cause of death worldwide. Traditional approaches, such as surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy have been the main cancer therapeutic modalities in recent years. Cancer immunotherapy is a novel therapeutic modality that potentiates the immune responses of patients against malignancy. Immune checkpoint proteins expressed on T cells or tumor cells serve as a target for inhibiting T cell overactivation, maintaining the balance between self-reactivity and autoimmunity. Tumors essentially hijack the immune checkpoint pathway in order to survive and spread. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are being developed as a result to reactivate the anti-tumor immune response. Recent advances in nanotechnology have contributed to the development of successful, safe, and efficient anticancer drug systems based on nanoparticles. Nanoparticle-based cancer immunotherapy overcomes numerous challenges and offers novel strategies for improving conventional immunotherapies. The fundamental and physiochemical properties of nanoparticles depend on various cancer therapeutic strategies, such as chemotherapeutics, nucleic acid-based treatments, photothermal therapy, and photodynamic agents. The review discusses the use of nanoparticles as carriers for delivering immune checkpoint inhibitors and their efficacy in cancer combination therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhananjay Yadav
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, South Korea; Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, South Korea
| | - Minseok Kwak
- Department of Chemistry and Industry 4.0 Convergence Bionics Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan, South Korea
| | | | - Nidhi Puranik
- Biological Sciences Department, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641046, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Peter C W Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, ASAN Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Jun-O Jin
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, South Korea; Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, South Korea.
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Immunotherapy for Esophageal Cancer: State-of-the Art in 2021. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14030554. [PMID: 35158822 PMCID: PMC8833794 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14030554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The management of esophageal cancer (EC) has experienced manifold changes during the last decades. Centralization of EC treatment has been introduced in many countries, subsequently allowing the development of specialized high-volume centers. Minimal invasive surgery has replaced open surgery in many centers, whereas more potent systemic treatments have been introduced in clinical practice. Newer chemotherapy regimens increase long-term survival. Nevertheless, the overall survival of EC patients remains dismal for advanced tumor stages. In this direction, a wide range of targeted biologic agents (immunotherapy) is currently under assessment. Anti- Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor-2 (HER-2) monoclonal antibodies are used in HER2 (+) tumors, predominantly well-differentiated adenocarcinomas, and are currently assessed in the neoadjuvant setting (TRAP, INNOVATION trials). Immune checkpoint inhibitors Nivolumab (ATTRACTION-03) and pembrolizumab (KEYNOTE-181), have demonstrated a survival benefit compared with conventional chemotherapy in heavily pre-treated progressive disease. More recently, CheckMate-577 showed very promising results for nivolumab in a curative adjuvant setting, improving disease-free survival mainly for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Several ongoing trials are investigating novel targeted agents in the preoperative setting of locally advanced EC. In addition, other immunomodulatory approaches such as peptide vaccines and tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) are currently under development and should be increasingly integrated into clinical practice.
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Haddad F, Daver N. An Update on Immune Based Therapies in Acute Myeloid Leukemia: 2021 and Beyond! ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1342:273-295. [PMID: 34972969 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-79308-1_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Despite advances in the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), relapse is still widely observed and represents the major cause of death among patients with AML. Treatment options in the relapse setting are limited, still relying predominantly on allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) and cytotoxic chemotherapy, with poor outcomes. Novel targeted and venetoclax-based combinations are being investigated and have shown encouraging results. Immune checkpoint inhibitors in combination with low-intensity chemotherapy demonstrated encouraging response rates and survival among patients with relapsed and/or refractory (R/R) AML, especially in the pre- and post-allo-HSCT setting. Blocking the CD47/SIRPα pathway is another strategy that showed robust anti-leukemic activity, with a response rate of around 70% and an encouraging median overall survival in patients with newly diagnosed, higher-risk myelodysplastic syndrome and patients with AML with a TP53 mutation. One approach that was proven to be very effective in the relapsed setting of lymphoid malignancies is chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells. It relies on the infusion of genetically engineered T cells capable of recognizing specific epitopes on the surface of leukemia cells. In AML, different CAR constructs with different target antigens have been evaluated and demonstrated safety and feasibility in the R/R setting. However, the difficulty of potently targeting leukemic blasts in AML while sparing normal cells represents a major limitation to their use, and strategies are being tested to overcome this obstacle. A different approach is based on endogenously redirecting the patient's system cells to target and destroy leukemic cells via bispecific T-cell engagers (BiTEs) or dual antigen receptor targeting (DARTs). Early results have demonstrated the safety and feasibility of these agents, and research is ongoing to develop BiTEs with longer half-life, allowing for less frequent administration schedules and developing them in earlier and lower disease burden settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fadi Haddad
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Naval Daver
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
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12
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Newport EL, Pedrosa AR, Njegic A, Hodivala-Dilke KM, Muñoz-Félix JM. Improved Immunotherapy Efficacy by Vascular Modulation. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:5207. [PMID: 34680355 PMCID: PMC8533721 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13205207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Several strategies have been developed to modulate the tumour vasculature for cancer therapy including anti-angiogenesis and vascular normalisation. Vasculature modulation results in changes to the tumour microenvironment including oxygenation and immune cell infiltration, therefore lending itself to combination with cancer therapy. The development of immunotherapies has led to significant improvements in cancer treatment. Particularly promising are immune checkpoint blockade and CAR T cell therapies, which use antibodies against negative regulators of T cell activation and T cells reprogrammed to better target tumour antigens, respectively. However, while immunotherapy is successful in some patients, including those with advanced or metastatic cancers, only a subset of patients respond. Therefore, better predictors of patient response and methods to overcome resistance warrant investigation. Poor, or periphery-limited, T cell infiltration in the tumour is associated with poor responses to immunotherapy. Given that (1) lymphocyte recruitment requires leucocyte-endothelial cell adhesion and (2) the vasculature controls tumour oxygenation and plays a pivotal role in T cell infiltration and activation, vessel targeting strategies including anti-angiogenesis and vascular normalisation in combination with immunotherapy are providing possible new strategies to enhance therapy. Here, we review the progress of vessel modulation in enhancing immunotherapy efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma L. Newport
- Centre for Tumour Microenvironment, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK; (E.L.N.); (A.R.P.); (A.N.); (K.M.H.-D.)
| | - Ana Rita Pedrosa
- Centre for Tumour Microenvironment, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK; (E.L.N.); (A.R.P.); (A.N.); (K.M.H.-D.)
| | - Alexandra Njegic
- Centre for Tumour Microenvironment, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK; (E.L.N.); (A.R.P.); (A.N.); (K.M.H.-D.)
| | - Kairbaan M. Hodivala-Dilke
- Centre for Tumour Microenvironment, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK; (E.L.N.); (A.R.P.); (A.N.); (K.M.H.-D.)
| | - José M. Muñoz-Félix
- Centre for Tumour Microenvironment, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK; (E.L.N.); (A.R.P.); (A.N.); (K.M.H.-D.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Universidad de Salamanca Spain, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
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Högner A, Thuss-Patience P. Immune Checkpoint Inhibition in Oesophago-Gastric Carcinoma. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:151. [PMID: 33673374 PMCID: PMC7918118 DOI: 10.3390/ph14020151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors enrich the therapeutic landscape in oesophago-gastric carcinoma. With regard to oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), the selective PD-1 (programmed cell death receptor 1)-inhibitor nivolumab improves disease-free survival in the adjuvant therapy setting (CHECKMATE-577). In first-line treatment, ESCC patients (pts) benefit in overall survival (OS) from the PD-1-inhibitor pembrolizumab in combination with chemotherapy (KEYNOTE-590). In the second-line setting, nivolumab (ATTRACTION-03) and pembrolizumab (KEYNOTE-181) demonstrate a benefit in OS compared with chemotherapy. These data resulted in the approval of nivolumab for the second-line treatment of advanced ESCC pts regardless of PD-L1 (programmed cell death ligand 1) status in Europe, Asia, and the USA, and pembrolizumab for pts with PD-L1 CPS (combined positivity score) ≥ 10 in Asia and the USA. Further approvals can be expected. In gastro-oesophageal junction and gastric cancer, the addition of nivolumab to chemotherapy in first-line treatment improves OS in pts with advanced disease with PD-L1 CPS ≥ 5 (CHECKMATE-649). Additionally, pembrolizumab was non-inferior to chemotherapy for OS in PD-L1 CPS ≥ 1 pts (KEYNOTE-062). In third-line treatment, nivolumab shows benefits in OS regardless of PD-L1 expression (ATTRACTION-02) with approval in Asia, and pembrolizumab prolonged the duration of response in PD-L1 positive pts (KEYNOTE-059) with approval in the USA. We discuss the recent results of the completed phase II and III clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Peter Thuss-Patience
- Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Medizinische Klinik m.S. Hämatologie, Onkologie und Tumorimmunologie, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany;
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14
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De Mello RA, Zhu JH, Iavelberg J, Potim AH, Simonetti D, Silva JA, Castelo-Branco P, Pozza DH, Tajima CC, Tolia M, Antoniou G. Current and future aspects of TIM-3 as biomarker or as potential targeted in non-small cell lung cancer scope: is there a role in clinical practice? Transl Lung Cancer Res 2020; 9:2311-2314. [PMID: 33489794 PMCID: PMC7815370 DOI: 10.21037/tlcr-20-625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ramon Andrade De Mello
- Post-graduation Program in Medicine, Precision Oncology & Health Economics Research Group (OncoPRECH), Faculty of Medicine, Nine of July University (UNINOVE), São Paulo, Brazil.,Division of Medical Oncology/Oncotorax Group, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil.,Algarve Biomedical Centre, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine, University of Algarve (UALG), Faro, Portugal
| | - Jin-Hui Zhu
- Department of Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jairo Iavelberg
- Post-graduation Program in Medicine, Precision Oncology & Health Economics Research Group (OncoPRECH), Faculty of Medicine, Nine of July University (UNINOVE), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Artur Henrique Potim
- Post-graduation Program in Medicine, Precision Oncology & Health Economics Research Group (OncoPRECH), Faculty of Medicine, Nine of July University (UNINOVE), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Débora Simonetti
- Post-graduation Program in Medicine, Precision Oncology & Health Economics Research Group (OncoPRECH), Faculty of Medicine, Nine of July University (UNINOVE), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José Antônio Silva
- Post-graduation Program in Medicine, Precision Oncology & Health Economics Research Group (OncoPRECH), Faculty of Medicine, Nine of July University (UNINOVE), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Pedro Castelo-Branco
- Algarve Biomedical Centre, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine, University of Algarve (UALG), Faro, Portugal
| | - Daniel Humberto Pozza
- Department of Biomedicine & I3S, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto (FMUP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Carla Chizuru Tajima
- Hospital São José & Hospital São Joaquim-Beneficência Portuguesa de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Tolia
- Department of Radiotherapy/Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, University Hospital of Larisa, Biopolis, Greece
| | - Georgio Antoniou
- Division of Thoracic Oncology, Mont Vernon Cancer Center, London, UK
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15
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Fan Y, Noreldeen HA, You L, Liu X, Pan X, Hou Z, Li Q, Li X, Xu G. Lipid alterations and subtyping maker discovery of lung cancer based on nontargeted tissue lipidomics using liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2020; 190:113520. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2020.113520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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16
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D'Arrigo P, Tufano M, Rea A, Vigorito V, Novizio N, Russo S, Romano MF, Romano S. Manipulation of the Immune System for Cancer Defeat: A Focus on the T Cell Inhibitory Checkpoint Molecules. Curr Med Chem 2020; 27:2402-2448. [PMID: 30398102 DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666181106114421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The immune system actively counteracts the tumorigenesis process; a breakout of the immune system function, or its ability to recognize transformed cells, can favor cancer development. Cancer becomes able to escape from immune system control by using multiple mechanisms, which are only in part known at a cellular and molecular level. Among these mechanisms, in the last decade, the role played by the so-called "inhibitory immune checkpoints" is emerging as pivotal in preventing the tumor attack by the immune system. Physiologically, the inhibitory immune checkpoints work to maintain the self-tolerance and attenuate the tissue injury caused by pathogenic infections. Cancer cell exploits such immune-inhibitory molecules to contrast the immune intervention and induce tumor tolerance. Molecular agents that target these checkpoints represent the new frontier for cancer treatment. Despite the heterogeneity and multiplicity of molecular alterations among the tumors, the immune checkpoint targeted therapy has been shown to be helpful in selected and even histologically different types of cancer, and are currently being adopted against an increasing variety of tumors. The most frequently used is the moAb-based immunotherapy that targets the Programmed Cell Death 1 protein (PD-1), the PD-1 Ligand (PD-L1) or the cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA4). However, new therapeutic approaches are currently in development, along with the discovery of new immune checkpoints exploited by the cancer cell. This article aims to review the inhibitory checkpoints, which are known up to now, along with the mechanisms of cancer immunoediting. An outline of the immune checkpoint targeting approaches, also including combined immunotherapies and the existing trials, is also provided. Notwithstanding the great efforts devoted by researchers in the field of biomarkers of response, to date, no validated FDA-approved immunological biomarkers exist for cancer patients. We highlight relevant studies on predictive biomarkers and attempt to discuss the challenges in this field, due to the complex and largely unknown dynamic mechanisms that drive the tumor immune tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo D'Arrigo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Martina Tufano
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Anna Rea
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Vincenza Vigorito
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Nunzia Novizio
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Salvatore Russo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Fiammetta Romano
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Simona Romano
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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17
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Fu Q, Yu Z. Phosphoglycerate kinase 1 (PGK1) in cancer: A promising target for diagnosis and therapy. Life Sci 2020; 256:117863. [PMID: 32479953 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Phosphoglycerate kinase 1 (PGK1) is the first critical enzyme to produce ATP in the glycolytic pathway. PGK1 is not only a metabolic enzyme but also a protein kinase, which mediates the tumor growth, migration and invasion through phosphorylation some important substrates. Moreover, PGK1 is associated with poor treatment and prognosis of cancers. This manuscript reviews the structure, functions, post-translational modifications (PTMs) of PGK1 and its relationship with tumors, which demonstrates that PGK1 has indispensable value in the tumor progression. The current review highlights the important role of PGK1 in anticancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Fu
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong Province, PR China.; College of Bioscience and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Zhenhai Yu
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong Province, PR China..
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Wang L, Luo X, Cheng C, Amos CI, Cai G, Xiao F. A gene expression-based immune signature for lung adenocarcinoma prognosis. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2020; 69:1881-1890. [PMID: 32372138 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-020-02595-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) has become the most frequent histologic type of lung cancer in the past several decades. Recent successes with immune checkpoint blockade therapy have demonstrated that the manipulation of the immune system is a very potent treatment for LUAD. This study aims to explore the role of immune-related genes in the development of LUAD and establish a signature that can predict overall survival for LUAD patients. METHODS To identify the differential expression genes (DEGs) between normal and tumor tissues, we developed an analysis strategy to combine an independent-sample design and a paired-sample design using RNA-seq transcriptomic profiling data of The Cancer Genome Atlas LUAD samples. Further, we selected prognostic markers from DEGs and evaluated their prognostic value in a prediction model. RESULTS We identified and validated PD1, PDL1 and CTLA4 genes as prognostic markers, which are well-known immune checkpoints, and revealed two new potential prognostic immune checkpoints for LUAD, HHLA2 (logFC = 2.55, FDR = 1.89 × 10-6) and VTCN1 (logFC = -2.86, FDR = 1.72 × 10-11). Furthermore, we identified an 18-gene LUAD prognostic biomarker panel and observed that the classified high-risk group presented a significantly shorter overall survival time (HR = 3.57, p value = 4.07 × 10-10). The prediction model was validated in five independent high-throughput gene expression datasets. CONCLUSIONS The identified DEG features may serve as potential biomarkers for prognosis prediction of LUAD patients and immunotherapy. Based on that assumption, we identified a gene expression-based immune signature for lung adenocarcinoma prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Xizhi Luo
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Chao Cheng
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Christopher I Amos
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Guoshuai Cai
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Feifei Xiao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA.
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Wang HM, Zhang XH, Ye LQ, Zhang K, Yang NN, Geng S, Chen J, Zhao SX, Yang KL, Fan FF. Insufficient CD100 shedding contributes to suppression of CD8 + T-cell activity in non-small cell lung cancer. Immunology 2020; 160:209-219. [PMID: 32149403 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
CD100 is an immune semaphorin constitutively expressed on T-cells. Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) is an important mediator of membrane-bound CD100 (mCD100) cleavage to generate soluble CD100 (sCD100), which has immunoregulatory activity in immune cell responses. The aim of the study was to investigate the level and role of sCD100 and mCD100 in modulating CD8+ T-cell function in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). sCD100 and MMP-14 levels in the serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), and mCD100 expression on peripheral and lung-resident CD8+ T-cells were analysed in NSCLC patients. The ability to induce sCD100 and the effect of MMP-14 on mCD100 shedding for the regulation of non-cytolytic and cytolytic functions of CD8+ T-cells were also analysed in direct and indirect contact co-culture systems. NSCLC patients had lower serum sCD100 and higher mCD100 levels on CD8+ T-cells compared with healthy controls. BALF from the tumour site also had decreased sCD100 and increased mCD100 on CD8+ T-cells compared with the non-tumour site. Recombinant CD100 stimulation enhanced non-cytolytic and cytolytic functions of CD8+ T-cells from NSCLC patients, whereas blockade of CD100 receptor CD72 attenuated CD8+ T-cell activity. NSCLC patients had lower MMP-14 in the serum and in BALF from the tumour site. Recombinant MMP-14 mediated mCD100 shedding from CD8+ T-cell membrane, and led to promotion of CD8+ T-cell response in NSCLC patients. Overall, decreased MMP-14 resulted in insufficient CD100 shedding, leading to suppression of peripheral and lung-resident CD8+ T-cell activity in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Min Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Hong Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Li-Qun Ye
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ning-Ning Yang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shen Geng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shun-Xin Zhao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Kang-Li Yang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Fei-Fei Fan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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20
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EBUS-FNA cytologic-histologic correlation of PD-L1 immunohistochemistry in non-small cell lung cancer. J Am Soc Cytopathol 2020; 9:485-493. [PMID: 32336671 DOI: 10.1016/j.jasc.2020.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Immune checkpoint pathway markers induce immune tolerance to non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Therapeutic antibodies targeting the programmed cell death 1 (PD-1)/programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) pathway have demonstrated efficacy in tumors expressing relatively high PD-L1 levels. Minimally invasive endobronchial ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration allows patients with inoperable tumors or comorbidities to attain a confirmatory diagnosis. The aims of the present study were to determine whether PD-L1 testing is equivalent to cytology and biopsy or resection specimens at different tumor proportion score cutoffs and for different NSCLC subtypes. MATERIALS AND METHODS Data were retrospectively collected for patients with paired NSCLC cytology and surgical resection specimens from May 4, 2007 to May 4, 2017. The Food and Drug Administration-approved Dako PD-L1 immunohistochemistry 22C3 pharmDx kit was used to measure PD-L1 on paired cytology cell block and biopsy or resection specimens, and the PD-L1 tumor proportion scores were recorded. Statistical analysis of categorical and continuous variables was performed using SAS, version 9.4. RESULTS A total of 53 paired cytology and resection samples (27 adenocarcinoma, 25 squamous cell carcinoma, and 1 unclassified) were analyzed. Supposing the resection specimen to reflect the true PD-L1 expression, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and overall agreement for the cytology method was 73.3%, 65.2%, 73.3%, 65.2%, and 69.8%, respectively. For high PD-L1 expression (≥50%), the cytology method demonstrated an overall agreement of 79.2%. The overall agreement between methods was 81.5% and 76% for cases of adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma, respectively. CONCLUSIONS NSCLC cytology samples from endobronchial ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration are suitable for PD-L1 testing, especially using a high PD-L1 expression cutoff of ≥50% and for adenocarcinoma.
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21
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Tumor microenvironment targeted nanotherapeutics for cancer therapy and diagnosis: A review. Acta Biomater 2020; 101:43-68. [PMID: 31518706 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Recent findings suggest that the cellular and extracellular materials surrounding the cancerous cells from an atypical tumor microenvironment (TM) play a pivotal role in the process of tumor initiation and progression. TM comprises an intricate system involving diverse cell types including endothelial cells, pericytes, smooth muscle cells, fibroblasts, various inflammatory cells, dendritic cells, and cancer stem cells (CSCs). The TM-forming cells dynamically interact with the cancerous cells through various signaling mechanisms and pathways. The existence of this dynamic cellular communication is responsible for creating an environment suitable for sustaining a reasonably high cellular proliferation. Presently, researchers are showing interest to use these TM conditions to mediate effective targeting measures for cancer therapy. The use of nanotherapeutics-based combination therapy; stimuli-responsive nanotherapeutics targeting acidic pH, hypoxic environment; and nanoparticle-induced hyperthermia are some of the approaches that are under intense investigation for cancer therapy. This review discusses TM and its role in cancer progression and crosstalk understanding, opportunities, and epigenetic modifications involved therein to materialize the capability of nanotherapeutics to target cancer by availing TM. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: This article presents various recent reports, proof-of-concept studies, patents, and clinical trials on the concept of tumor microenvironment for mediating the cancer-specific delivery of nanotechnology-based systems bearing anticancer drug and diagnostics. We highlight the potential of tumor microenvironment; its role in disease progression, opportunities, challenges, and allied treatment strategies for effective cancer therapy by conceptual understanding of tumor microenvironment and epigenetic modifications involved. Specifically, nanoparticle-based approaches to target various processes related to tumor microenvironment (pH responsive, hypoxic environment responsive, targeting of specific cells involved in tumor microenvironment, etc.) are dealt in detail.
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22
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Pan MR, Wu CC, Kan JY, Li QL, Chang SJ, Wu CC, Li CL, Ou-Yang F, Hou MF, Yip HK, Luo CW. Impact of FAK Expression on the Cytotoxic Effects of CIK Therapy in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 12:cancers12010094. [PMID: 31905966 PMCID: PMC7017032 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12010094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a special subtype of breast cancer in which several common diagnostic biomarkers are lost. Due to the loss of expression of receptors, treatment options for TNBC are limited. Therefore, finding safe and effective treatments for patients with TNBC is a major objective for clinicians. Previous studies suggested that cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cells may be beneficial for patients with a variety of tumor types. However, CIK therapy is not effective for all patients. In this study, we found that focal adhesion kinase (FAK), a non-receptor protein tyrosine kinase that regulates several cellular functions in different cells, has the potential to regulate tumor cells sensitized to CIK cells. Knockdown of FAK expression in TNBC cells or the treatment of TNBC cells with a FAK inhibitor followed by coculture with CIK cells increases death of TNBC cells, suggesting that FAK plays important roles in sensitizing tumor cells to CIK cells. This phenomenon could be regulated by a FAK-programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1)-related mechanism. Overall, our findings provide new insights into the cytotoxic effect of CIK cell therapy in TNBC treatment, and show that CIK cell therapy combined with FAK inhibitors may be a novel therapeutic strategy for patients with TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Ren Pan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan; (M.-R.P.); (Q.-L.L.); (M.-F.H.)
- Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan; (C.-C.W.); (F.O.-Y.)
| | - Cheng-Che Wu
- Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan; (C.-C.W.); (J.-Y.K.); (C.-L.L.)
- Division of Breast Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan
| | - Jung-Yu Kan
- Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan; (C.-C.W.); (J.-Y.K.); (C.-L.L.)
- Division of Breast Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan
| | - Qiao-Lin Li
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan; (M.-R.P.); (Q.-L.L.); (M.-F.H.)
| | - Shu-Jyuan Chang
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan;
| | - Chun-Chieh Wu
- Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan; (C.-C.W.); (F.O.-Y.)
- Department of Pathology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Liang Li
- Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan; (C.-C.W.); (J.-Y.K.); (C.-L.L.)
- Division of Breast Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan
| | - Fu Ou-Yang
- Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan; (C.-C.W.); (F.O.-Y.)
- Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan; (C.-C.W.); (J.-Y.K.); (C.-L.L.)
- Division of Breast Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Feng Hou
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan; (M.-R.P.); (Q.-L.L.); (M.-F.H.)
- Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan; (C.-C.W.); (F.O.-Y.)
- Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan; (C.-C.W.); (J.-Y.K.); (C.-L.L.)
- Division of Breast Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan;
| | - Hon-Kan Yip
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan;
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Wen Luo
- Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan; (C.-C.W.); (F.O.-Y.)
- Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan; (C.-C.W.); (J.-Y.K.); (C.-L.L.)
- Division of Breast Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +886-7-312-1101 (ext. 2260); Fax: +886-7-316-5011
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23
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Zaheer J, Kim H, Lee YJ, Kim JS, Lim SM. Combination Radioimmunotherapy Strategies for Solid Tumors. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20225579. [PMID: 31717302 PMCID: PMC6888084 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20225579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Combination radioimmunotherapy is an emerging approach for the treatment of solid tumors where radio immunotherapy alone has proven to be reasonably ineffective. Radioimmunotherapy (RIT) using monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) labeled with radionuclides is an attractive approach for cancer treatment because tumor-associated mAbs with cytotoxic radionuclides can selectively bind to tumor antigens. However, due to various limitations, mAbs cannot reach solid tumors, consequently reducing RIT efficacy. Combination RIT is a pragmatic approach through which the addition of drugs or other agents not only help mAbs to reach the targeted site but also improves its efficacy. Thus, the combination of drugs or moieties with RIT can be applied to overcome the barriers that RIT faces for solid tumors. This review covers the RIT approach, along with the mechanism of action of mAb used in RIT, limitations of solid tumors, and strategies that can be used in combination RIT to enhance the treatment regimen for solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javeria Zaheer
- Division of RI application, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, (KIRAMS), 75 Nowon-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01812, Korea; (J.Z.); (H.K.); (Y.-J.L.); (S.M.L.)
- Radiological and Medico-Oncological Sciences, University of Science and Technology (UST), 75 Nowon-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01812, Korea
| | - Hyeongi Kim
- Division of RI application, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, (KIRAMS), 75 Nowon-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01812, Korea; (J.Z.); (H.K.); (Y.-J.L.); (S.M.L.)
| | - Yong-Jin Lee
- Division of RI application, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, (KIRAMS), 75 Nowon-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01812, Korea; (J.Z.); (H.K.); (Y.-J.L.); (S.M.L.)
| | - Jin Su Kim
- Division of RI application, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, (KIRAMS), 75 Nowon-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01812, Korea; (J.Z.); (H.K.); (Y.-J.L.); (S.M.L.)
- Radiological and Medico-Oncological Sciences, University of Science and Technology (UST), 75 Nowon-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01812, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-970-1661
| | - Sang Moo Lim
- Division of RI application, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, (KIRAMS), 75 Nowon-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01812, Korea; (J.Z.); (H.K.); (Y.-J.L.); (S.M.L.)
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24
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Moujaess E, Haddad FG, Eid R, Kourie HR. The emerging use of immune checkpoint blockade in the adjuvant setting for solid tumors: a review. Immunotherapy 2019; 11:1409-1422. [PMID: 31621445 DOI: 10.2217/imt-2019-0087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of immune checkpoint inhibitors has been approved in the advanced and metastatic setting for many types of solid tumors. Nonetheless, their role in the adjuvant setting is limited to the treatment of surgically resected melanoma. Ipilimumab was the first immune checkpoint inhibitor approved for this indication, followed by nivolumab and pembrolizumab. Many ongoing trials are evaluating these molecules in the postoperative setting, alone or in combination with other therapies. Preliminary results are promising regarding the treatment of other cutaneous tumors, lung cancers, head and neck squamous cell carcinomas, bladder cancer and renal cell carcinomas. Some data assessing their use for the adjuvant treatment of esophageal, colorectal, ovarian cancer and other solid tumors are similarly emerging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elissar Moujaess
- Hematology and Oncology department, Hotel-Dieu de France University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Fady Gh Haddad
- Hematology and Oncology department, Hotel-Dieu de France University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Roland Eid
- Hematology and Oncology department, Hotel-Dieu de France University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Hampig Raphael Kourie
- Hematology and Oncology department, Hotel-Dieu de France University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon
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25
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Diagnostic Utility of PD-L1 Expression in Lung Adenocarcinoma: Immunohistochemistry and RNA In Situ Hybridization. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2019; 26:e86-e90. [PMID: 28968265 DOI: 10.1097/pai.0000000000000595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Programmed death receptor and programmed death ligand (PD-L1) are immunoregulatory proteins. Nonsmall cell lung cancer bypasses the immune system through the induction of protumorigenic immunosuppressive changes. The better understanding of immunology and antitumor immune responses has brought the promising development of novel immunotherapy agents like programmed death receptor checkpoint inhibitors. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of PD-L1 in lung adenocarcinoma (ADC), comparing 2 different technologies: immunohistochemistry (IHC) by 2 methods versus RNA in situ hybridization (RISH). METHODOLOGY In total, 20 cases of ADC of the lung and 4 samples of metastatic colon ADC were selected. Evaluation of PD-L1 expression was performed by IHC and RISH. RISH was performed using RNAscope. Both methods were scored in tumor cells and quantified using combined intensity and proportion scores. RESULTS Eight of 20 (40%) lung ADC and 2 of 4 (50%) colon ADC were positive for PD-L1 with Cell Signaling IHC, and 65% lung ADC were positive by Dako IHC (13/20). All 4 cases of colon ADC were negative. When evaluated by RISH, 12 lung ADC (60%) and 1 colon ADC (25%) were PD-L1 positive. CONCLUSIONS RNAscope probes provide sensitive and specific detection of PD-L1 in lung ADC. Both IHC methods (Cell Signaling and Dako) show PD-L1 expression, with the Dako method more sensitive (40% vs. 65%). This study illustrates the utility of RISH and Cell Signaling IHC as complementary diagnostic tests, and Food and Drug Administration approved Dako IHC as a companion diagnostic test.
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26
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Optimizing Patient Selection to Maximize Drug Efficacy: the Expanding Role of Pharmacogenomics in the Clinical Development of Pembrolizumab for the Treatment of Non-small Cell Lung Cancer. Clin Ther 2019; 41:982-991. [PMID: 31030994 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2019.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Pembrolizumab (MK-3475) is a potent and highly selective humanized monoclonal antibody of the immunoglobulin G4κ class directed against the immune checkpoint programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1). Binding to PD-1 prevents its interaction with natural ligands and allows for the reactivation of the immune response against cancer cells. The list of approved indications of pembrolizumab is fast expanding, including its use as first-line treatment of metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), which is a complex and evolving disease. Pharmacogenomics significantly contributed to understanding this complexity, allowing for the identification of molecular biomarkers and novel pharmacologic targets. This approach has delivered more effective and less toxic drugs for advanced NSCLC. In our opinion, pharmacogenomics played a key role in the approval of pembrolizumab as frontline therapy for NSCLC with high expression of the PD-1 ligand, which occurs in ∼30% of patients. Moreover, an analysis conducted on the ongoing clinical trials sponsored by the drug's patent holder shows that the characterization and validation of additional pharmacogenomic biomarkers of response has the potential to extend the frontline clinical use of pembrolizumab in NSCLC.
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27
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Preferential Localization of MUC1 Glycoprotein in Exosomes Secreted by Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinoma Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20020323. [PMID: 30646616 PMCID: PMC6358839 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20020323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer remains to be the leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Finding new noninvasive biomarkers for lung cancer is still a significant clinical challenge. Exosomes are membrane-bound, nano-sized vesicles that are released by various living cells. Studies on exosomal proteomics may provide clues for developing clinical assays. In this study, we performed semi-quantitative proteomic analysis of proteins that were purified from exosomes of NCI-H838 non-small cell lung cancer cell line, with total cellular membrane proteins as control. In the exosomes, LC-MS/MS by data-independent analysis mode identified 3235 proteins. THBS1, ANXA6, HIST1H4A, COL18A1, MDK, SRGN, ENO1, TUBA4A, SLC3A2, GPI, MIF, MUC1, TALDO1, SLC7A5, ICAM1, HSP90AA1, G6PD, and LRP1 were found to be expressed in exosomes at more than 5-fold higher level as compared to total cellular membrane proteins. A well-known cancer biomarker, MUC1, is expressed at 8.98-fold higher in exosomes than total cellular membrane proteins. Subsequent analysis of plasma exosomes from non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients by a commercial electrochemiluminescence immunoassay showed that exosomal MUC1 level is 1.5-fold higher than healthy individuals (mean value 1.55 ± 0.16 versus mean value 1.05 ± 0.06, p = 0.0213). In contrast, no significant difference of MUC1 level was found between NSCLC patients and healthy individuals' plasma (mean value 5.48 ± 0.65 versus mean value 4.16 ± 0.49). These results suggest that certain proteins, such as MUC1, are selectively enriched in the exosome compartment. The mechanisms for their preferential localization and their biological roles remain to be studied.
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28
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Xia Y, Cai XY, Fan JQ, Zhang LL, Ren JH, Li ZY, Zhang RG, Zhu F, Wu G. The role of sema4D in vasculogenic mimicry formation in non-small cell lung cancer and the underlying mechanisms. Int J Cancer 2018; 144:2227-2238. [PMID: 30374974 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.31958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Revised: 10/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Vasculogenic mimicry (VM) is a special vascular pattern in malignant tumors, which is composed of highly aggressive tumor cells. This tumor cell-mediated blood supply pattern is closely associated with a poor prognosis in cancer patients. The interaction of axon guidance factor Sema4D and its high affinity receptor plexinB1 could activate small GTPase RhoA and its downstream ROCKs; this process has an active role in the migration of endothelial cells and tumor angiogenesis. Here, we have begun to uncover the role of this pathway in VM formation in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). First, we confirmed this special form of vasculature in NSCLC tissues and found the existence of VM channels in tumor tissues was correlated with Sema4D expression. Further, we found that inhibition of Sema4D in the human NSCLC cells H1299 and HCC827 reduces VM formation both in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, we demonstrated that downregulating the expression of plexinB1 by siRNA expressing vectors and inhibiting the RhoA/ROCK signaling pathway using fasudil can reduce VM formation of H1299 and HCC827 cells. Finally, we found that suppression of Sema4D leads to less stress fibers and depleted the motility of H1299 and HCC827 cells. Collectively, our study implicates Sema4D plays an important role in the process of VM formation in NSCLC through activating the RhoA/ROCK pathway and regulating tumor cell plasticity and migration. Modulation of the Sema4D/plexinB1 and downstream RhoA/ROCK pathway may prevent the tumor blood supply through the VM pattern, which may eventually halt growth and metastasis of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Xia
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xian-Yi Cai
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ji-Quan Fan
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Li-Ling Zhang
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing-Hua Ren
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhen-Yu Li
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Rui-Guang Zhang
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fang Zhu
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Gang Wu
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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29
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Marino M, Visca P, Ottaviano M. PD-L1 Testing in Lung Cancer: An International Pathologist's Initiative in an Unknown "Middle Earth". J Thorac Oncol 2018; 13:1239-1241. [PMID: 30166010 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2018.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mirella Marino
- Department of Pathology, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy.
| | - Paolo Visca
- Department of Pathology, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Margaret Ottaviano
- Rare Tumors Reference Center, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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30
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Immuno-oncologic Approach to Musculoskeletal Tumors. Tech Orthop 2018. [DOI: 10.1097/bto.0000000000000305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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31
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Bianco A, Malapelle U, Rocco D, Perrotta F, Mazzarella G. Targeting immune checkpoints in non small cell lung cancer. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2018.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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32
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De Mello RA, Aguiar PN, Tadokoro H, Farias-Vieira TM, Castelo-Branco P, de Lima Lopes G, Pozza DH. MetaLanc9 as a novel biomarker for non-small cell lung cancer: promising treatments via a PGK1-activated AKT/mTOR pathway. J Thorac Dis 2018; 10:S2076-S2078. [PMID: 30023123 DOI: 10.21037/jtd.2018.04.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ramon Andrade De Mello
- Algarve Biomedical Center, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine, Division of Oncology, University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal.,Translational Research Centre, Division of Medical Oncology, Oncology & Hematology Nucleus of Ceará, Hospital São Mateus, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | | | - Hakaru Tadokoro
- Division of Medical Oncology, São Paulo University Hospital, Federal University of São Paulo (EPM/UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Pedro Castelo-Branco
- Algarve Biomedical Center, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine, Division of Oncology, University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | | | - Daniel Humberto Pozza
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal.,Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
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33
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Eshghi N, Garland LL, Nia E, Betancourt R, Krupinski E, Kuo PH. 18F-FDG PET/CT Can Predict Development of Thyroiditis Due to Immunotherapy for Lung Cancer. J Nucl Med Technol 2018; 46:260-264. [PMID: 29599403 DOI: 10.2967/jnmt.117.204933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Our primary purpose was to determine whether increased 18F-FDG uptake in the thyroid gland predicts development of thyroiditis with subsequent hypothyroidism in patients undergoing immunotherapy with nivolumab for lung cancer. Secondarily, we determined whether 18F-FDG uptake in the thyroid gland correlates with number of administered cycles of nivolumab. Methods: Retrospective chart review over 2 y found 18 lung cancer patients treated with nivolumab who underwent 18F-FDG PET/CT before and during therapy. SUVmean, SUVmax, and total lesion glycolysis of the thyroid gland were measured. SUVs were also measured for the pituitary gland, liver, and spleen. Patients underwent monthly thyroid testing. PET/CT parameters were analyzed by unpaired t testing for differences between 2 groups (patients who developed hypothyroidism and those who did not). Correlation between development of thyroiditis and number of cycles of nivolumab was also tested. Results: Six of 18 patients developed hypothyroidism. The t test comparing the 2 groups demonstrated significant differences in SUVmean (P = 0.04), SUVmax (P = 0.04), and total lesion glycolysis (P = 0.02) of the thyroid gland. Two of 4 patients who developed thyroiditis and had increased 18F-FDG uptake in the thyroid gland had a normal TSH level at the time of follow-up 18F-FDG PET/CT. Patients who developed thyroiditis with subsequent hypothyroidism stayed longer on therapy (10.6 cycles) than patients without thyroiditis (7.6 cycles), but the trend was not statistically significant. No significant difference in PET/CT parameters was observed for pituitary gland, liver, or spleen. Conclusion:18F-FDG PET/CT can predict the development of thyroiditis with subsequent hypothyroidism before laboratory testing. Further study is required to confirm the positive trend between thyroiditis and duration of therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Linda L Garland
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Banner University Medical Center, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Emily Nia
- Breast Imaging Section, Department of Radiology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Housten, Texas
| | - Robert Betancourt
- Department of Medicine, Banner University Medical Center, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Elizabeth Krupinski
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia; and
| | - Phillip H Kuo
- Departments of Medical Imaging and Medicine, Banner University Medical Center, and Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
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34
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Cytokine-induced killer cells as a feasible adoptive immunotherapy for the treatment of lung cancer. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:366. [PMID: 29511158 PMCID: PMC5840363 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0404-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Revised: 02/11/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Most of the patients with lung cancer are diagnosed at advanced stage, and they often lose the opportunity of surgical therapy, most of whom fail to reach good prognosis after chemotherapy. Recently, a few clinical studies have confirmed the role of adoptive T-cell transfer in the maintenance therapy of cancer patients. Here, we provided statistical insights into the role of CIKs in advanced lung cancer from three different levels, cell model (in vitro co-culture system), mice model (in situ lung cancer), and clinical research (in lung cancer patients of different progression stages). We optimized the components of supplements and cytokines on activating and expanding CIK cells. Based on this, we explored a new serum-free medium for in vitro activation and expansion of CIK cells. Moreover, we found that activated CIK cells could efficiently kill lung cancer cells in cell-to-cell model in vitro and significantly reduce the tumor growth in mice. For the clinical research, the OS rates of patients received combination of chemotherapy and CIK treatment were significantly improved compared to the OS rates of patients only received chemotherapy. Additionally, CIK therapy represented good toleration in our study. All the results suggested that combination of immunotherapy with traditional therapy will be a feasible and promising method for the treatment of lung cancer.
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35
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Cho JH. Immunotherapy for Non-small-cell Lung Cancer: Current Status and Future Obstacles. Immune Netw 2017; 17:378-391. [PMID: 29302251 PMCID: PMC5746608 DOI: 10.4110/in.2017.17.6.378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. There are 2 major subtypes of lung cancer, non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and small-cell lung cancer (SCLC). Studies show that NSCLC is the more prevalent type of lung cancer that accounts for approximately 80%-85% of cases. Although, various treatment methods, such as chemotherapy, surgery, and radiation therapy have been used to treat lung cancer patients, there is an emergent need to develop more effective approaches to deal with advanced stages of tumors. Recently, immunotherapy has emerged as a new approach to combat with such tumors. The development and success of programmed cell death 1 (PD-1)/program death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitors and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4) blockades in treating metastatic cancers opens a new pavement for the future research. The current mini review discusses the significance of immune checkpoint inhibitors in promoting the death of tumor cells. Additionally, this review also addresses the importance of tumor-specific antigens (neoantigens) in the development of cancer vaccines and major challenges associated with this therapy. Immunotherapy can be a promising approach to treat NSCLC because it stimulates host's own immune system to recognize cancer cells. Therefore, future research should focus on the development of new methodologies to identify novel checkpoint inhibitors and potential neoantigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Hwan Cho
- Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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36
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Pan Z, Liu L, Nie W, Miggin S, Qiu F, Cao Y, Chen J, Yang B, Zhou Y, Lu J, Yang L. Long non-coding RNA AGER-1 functionally upregulates the innate immunity gene AGER and approximates its anti-tumor effect in lung cancer. Mol Carcinog 2017; 57:305-318. [PMID: 29068471 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2017] [Revised: 10/08/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Little is known about long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) related to innate immunity in lung cancer. The advanced glycosylation end-product specific receptor (AGER) belongs to the immunoglobulin superfamily, and currently, is the only innate immune pattern-recognition receptor whose abnormal expression has been detected in lung cancer. We aimed to explore the lncRNA that is related to AGER and test its effect on lung carcinogenesis. We selected one lncRNA whose chromosome location is in close proximity to AGER namely lnc-AGER-1 (defined as lncAGER). The expression of lncAGER was tested in 276 pairs of lung cancer tissues and adjacent lung normal tissues, and its correlation with lung cancer clinical progress was analyzed. A series of assays were further used to assess the biological function of lncAGER on lung cancer development, tumor immunity and autophagy. LncAGER expression was moderately correlated with AGER expression (r = 0.360, P = 2.15 × 10-18 ) underlying a mechanism that lncAGER upregulates AGER by competitively binding to miRNA-185. LncAGER was significantly down-regulated in 76.4% of lung cancer tissues compared to adjacent normal tissues due to promoter hypermethylation. Over-expression of the lncRNA resulted in significant decreases in proliferation rate, migration ability, colony formation efficiency of lung cancer cells and tumor growth in nude mice. Notably, lncAGER possibly conduced to enhancement of cytotoxic effect of THP1. Additionally, the lncRNA also promoted cell apoptosis by strengthening autophagy. Taken together, these observations suggest that lncAGER has an inhibitory effect on lung cancer development via AGER, which may serve as a target for lung cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihua Pan
- The State Key Lab of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, P.R. China
- The State Key Lab of Respiratory Disease, The Institute for Chemical Carcinogenesis, Collaborative Innovation Center for Environmental Toxicity, Guangzhou Medical University, Xinzao, Panyu District, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Li Liu
- The State Key Lab of Respiratory Disease, The Institute for Chemical Carcinogenesis, Collaborative Innovation Center for Environmental Toxicity, Guangzhou Medical University, Xinzao, Panyu District, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Wenjing Nie
- The State Key Lab of Respiratory Disease, The Institute for Chemical Carcinogenesis, Collaborative Innovation Center for Environmental Toxicity, Guangzhou Medical University, Xinzao, Panyu District, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Sinead Miggin
- Department of Biology, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Ireland
| | - Fuman Qiu
- The State Key Lab of Respiratory Disease, The Institute for Chemical Carcinogenesis, Collaborative Innovation Center for Environmental Toxicity, Guangzhou Medical University, Xinzao, Panyu District, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yi Cao
- The State Key Lab of Respiratory Disease, The Institute for Chemical Carcinogenesis, Collaborative Innovation Center for Environmental Toxicity, Guangzhou Medical University, Xinzao, Panyu District, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Jinbin Chen
- The State Key Lab of Respiratory Disease, The Institute for Chemical Carcinogenesis, Collaborative Innovation Center for Environmental Toxicity, Guangzhou Medical University, Xinzao, Panyu District, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Binyao Yang
- The State Key Lab of Respiratory Disease, The Institute for Chemical Carcinogenesis, Collaborative Innovation Center for Environmental Toxicity, Guangzhou Medical University, Xinzao, Panyu District, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yifeng Zhou
- Department of Genetics, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, P.R. China
| | - Jiachun Lu
- The State Key Lab of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, P.R. China
- The State Key Lab of Respiratory Disease, The Institute for Chemical Carcinogenesis, Collaborative Innovation Center for Environmental Toxicity, Guangzhou Medical University, Xinzao, Panyu District, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Lei Yang
- The State Key Lab of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, P.R. China
- The State Key Lab of Respiratory Disease, The Institute for Chemical Carcinogenesis, Collaborative Innovation Center for Environmental Toxicity, Guangzhou Medical University, Xinzao, Panyu District, Guangzhou, P.R. China
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37
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Zheng PP, Li J, Kros JM. Breakthroughs in modern cancer therapy and elusive cardiotoxicity: Critical research-practice gaps, challenges, and insights. Med Res Rev 2017; 38:325-376. [PMID: 28862319 PMCID: PMC5763363 DOI: 10.1002/med.21463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Revised: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
To date, five cancer treatment modalities have been defined. The three traditional modalities of cancer treatment are surgery, radiotherapy, and conventional chemotherapy, and the two modern modalities include molecularly targeted therapy (the fourth modality) and immunotherapy (the fifth modality). The cardiotoxicity associated with conventional chemotherapy and radiotherapy is well known. Similar adverse cardiac events are resurging with the fourth modality. Aside from the conventional and newer targeted agents, even the most newly developed, immune‐based therapeutic modalities of anticancer treatment (the fifth modality), e.g., immune checkpoint inhibitors and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T‐cell therapy, have unfortunately led to potentially lethal cardiotoxicity in patients. Cardiac complications represent unresolved and potentially life‐threatening conditions in cancer survivors, while effective clinical management remains quite challenging. As a consequence, morbidity and mortality related to cardiac complications now threaten to offset some favorable benefits of modern cancer treatments in cancer‐related survival, regardless of the oncologic prognosis. This review focuses on identifying critical research‐practice gaps, addressing real‐world challenges and pinpointing real‐time insights in general terms under the context of clinical cardiotoxicity induced by the fourth and fifth modalities of cancer treatment. The information ranges from basic science to clinical management in the field of cardio‐oncology and crosses the interface between oncology and onco‐pharmacology. The complexity of the ongoing clinical problem is addressed at different levels. A better understanding of these research‐practice gaps may advance research initiatives on the development of mechanism‐based diagnoses and treatments for the effective clinical management of cardiotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping-Pin Zheng
- Cardio-Oncology Research Group, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Pathology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jin Li
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Johan M Kros
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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38
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Ramos-Esquivel A, van der Laat A, Rojas-Vigott R, Juárez M, Corrales-Rodríguez L. Anti-PD-1/anti-PD-L1 immunotherapy versus docetaxel for previously treated advanced non-small cell lung cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised clinical trials. ESMO Open 2017; 2:e000236. [PMID: 29181191 PMCID: PMC5699523 DOI: 10.1136/esmoopen-2017-000236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Revised: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To compare the efficacy and toxicity of anti-programmed cell death receptor 1 (PD-1) and anti-programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) versus docetaxel in previously treated patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Materials and methods Phase III randomised clinical trials (RCTs) were identified after systematic review of databases and conference proceedings. A random-effect model was used to determine the pooled HR for overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS) and duration of response. The pooled OR for overall response and treatment-related side effects were calculated using the inverse-variance method. Heterogeneity was measured using the τ2 and I2 statistics. Results After the systematic review, we included four phase III RCTs (n=2737) in this meta-analysis. The use of anti-PD-1/anti-PD-L1 agents (atezolizumab, nivolumab and pembrolizumab) was associated with better OS in comparison with docetaxel alone (HR: 0.69; 95% CI 0.63 to 0.75; p<0.00001). Similarly, the PFS and duration of response was significantly longer for patients receiving immunotherapy (HR: 0.85; 95% CI 0.75 to 0.96; p=0.007 and HR:0.32; 95% CI 0.24 to 0.43; p<0.00001, respectively) versus single agent chemotherapy. The overall response rate was also higher for patients who received any anti-PD-1/anti-PD-L1 therapy in comparison with docetaxel (OR: 1.77; 95% CI 1.26 to 2.50; p=0.001). Regarding treatment-related side effects grade 3 or higher, patients who received immunotherapy experienced less events than patients allocated to docetaxel (OR: 0.19; 95% CI 0.12 to 0.30; p<0.00001) Conclusion The use of anti-PD-1/anti-PD-L1 therapy in patients with progressive advanced NSCLC is significantly better than the use of docetaxel in terms of OS, PFS, duration of response and overall response rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allan Ramos-Esquivel
- Departamento de Oncología Médica, Hospital San Juan de Dios, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | | | | | - Melissa Juárez
- Departamento de Oncología Médica, Hospital San Juan de Dios, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Luis Corrales-Rodríguez
- Department of Medical Oncology, Centro de Investigación y Manejo del Cáncer CIMCA, San José, Costa Rica
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Wang X, Zhang Z, Cao H, Niu W, Li M, Xi X, Wang J. Human papillomavirus type 16 E6 oncoprotein promotes proliferation and invasion of non-small cell lung cancer cells through Toll-like receptor 3 signaling pathway. J Med Virol 2017; 89:1852-1860. [PMID: 28480962 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.24845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2017] [Accepted: 04/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xia Wang
- The Second Department of Respiratory and Critical Diseases; The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University; Zhengzhou Henan Province China
- The Fourth Department of Internal Medicine-Tuberculosis; The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University; Wehui Xinxiang Henan Province China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhang
- The Second Department of Respiratory and Critical Diseases; The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University; Zhengzhou Henan Province China
- The Second Department of Respiratory and Critical Diseases; The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University; Wehui Xinxiang Henan Province China
| | - Huimin Cao
- College of Public Health; Zhengzhou University; Zhengzhou Henan Province China
| | - Wenyi Niu
- The Fourth Department of Internal Medicine-Tuberculosis; The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University; Wehui Xinxiang Henan Province China
| | - Mingying Li
- The Fourth Department of Internal Medicine-Tuberculosis; The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University; Wehui Xinxiang Henan Province China
| | - Xiu'e Xi
- The Fourth Department of Internal Medicine-Tuberculosis; The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University; Wehui Xinxiang Henan Province China
| | - Jing Wang
- The Second Department of Respiratory and Critical Diseases; The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University; Zhengzhou Henan Province China
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Peng TR, Tsai FP, Wu TW. Indirect comparison between pembrolizumab and nivolumab for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer: A meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Int Immunopharmacol 2017; 49:85-94. [PMID: 28554108 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2017.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Revised: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficacy and adverse effects of nivolumab and pembrolizumab for the treatment of advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) by meta-analysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS This meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was performed after searching PubMed, EMBASE, and American Society of Clinical Oncology meeting abstracts, clinicaltrial gov, and Cochrane library databases. Two reviewers independently assessed the quality of the trials. Outcomes analysis was overall response rates (ORR), overall survival (OS), progression- free survival (PFS) and major adverse effects with odds ratio (OR) or hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). RESULTS Results reported from three RCTs involving 1,887 patients are included in this analysis. Indirect comparison between pembrolizumab and nivolumab in advanced NSCLC shows no statistically significant difference in ORR (OR: 1.14, 95% CI, 0.60-2.01), OS (HR: 0.98, 95% CI, 0.35-2.74) and PFS (HR: 1.12, 95% CI, 0.70-1.77). The incidence of grades≥3 adverse effects is higher with pembrolizumab as compared with nivolumab (OR: 3.44, 95% CI, 1.87-6.32). There are no significant statistical differences between severe adverse effects, such as pneumonitis and hypothyroidism, of the two drugs. CONCLUSIONS This study has demonstrated that pembrolizumab and nivolumab have similar survival outcomes in patients with advanced NSCLC, but pembrolizumab has a higher incidence of grades≥3 adverse effects than nivolumab.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Rong Peng
- Department of Pharmacy, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Fang-Pei Tsai
- Department of Pharmacy, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Ta-Wei Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City, Taiwan; School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City, Taiwan.
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Mei C, Zhou S, Zhu L, Ming J, Zeng F, Xu R. Antitumor Effects of Laminaria Extract Fucoxanthin on Lung Cancer. Mar Drugs 2017; 15:E39. [PMID: 28212270 PMCID: PMC5334619 DOI: 10.3390/md15020039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2016] [Revised: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide and non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common type. Marine plants provide rich resources for anticancer drug discovery. Fucoxanthin (FX), a Laminaria japonica extract, has attracted great research interest for its antitumor activities. Accumulating evidence suggests anti-proliferative effects of FX on many cancer cell lines including NSCLCs, but the detailed mechanisms remain unclear. In the present investigation, we confirmed molecular mechanisms and in vivo anti-lung cancer effect of FX at the first time. Flow cytometry, real-time PCR, western blotting and immunohistochemistry revealed that FX arrested cell cycle and induced apoptosis by modulating expression of p53, p21, Fas, PUMA, Bcl-2 and caspase-3/8. These results show that FX is a potent marine drug for human non-small-cell lung cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- ChengHan Mei
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
| | - ShunChang Zhou
- Department of Laboratory Animal, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
| | - Lin Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
| | - JiaXiong Ming
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
| | - FanDian Zeng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
| | - Rong Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
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Liu G, Pei F, Yang F, Li L, Amin AD, Liu S, Buchan JR, Cho WC. Role of Autophagy and Apoptosis in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E367. [PMID: 28208579 PMCID: PMC5343902 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18020367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 242] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Revised: 01/22/2017] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) constitutes 85% of all lung cancers, and is the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. The poor prognosis and resistance to both radiation and chemotherapy warrant further investigation into the molecular mechanisms of NSCLC and the development of new, more efficacious therapeutics. The processes of autophagy and apoptosis, which induce degradation of proteins and organelles or cell death upon cellular stress, are crucial in the pathophysiology of NSCLC. The close interplay between autophagy and apoptosis through shared signaling pathways complicates our understanding of how NSCLC pathophysiology is regulated. The apoptotic effect of autophagy is controversial as both inhibitory and stimulatory effects have been reported in NSCLC. In addition, crosstalk of proteins regulating both autophagy and apoptosis exists. Here, we review the recent advances of the relationship between autophagy and apoptosis in NSCLC, aiming to provide few insights into the discovery of novel pathogenic factors and the development of new cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangbo Liu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.
| | - Fen Pei
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.
| | - Fengqing Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Dong'e No. 4 People's Hospital, Liaocheng 252200, China.
| | - Lingxiao Li
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
| | - Amit Dipak Amin
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
| | - Songnian Liu
- Department of Chemical and Life Science Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA.
| | - J Ross Buchan
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.
| | - William C Cho
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
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