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Ren S, Li J, Dorado J, Sierra A, González-Díaz H, Duardo A, Shen B. From molecular mechanisms of prostate cancer to translational applications: based on multi-omics fusion analysis and intelligent medicine. Health Inf Sci Syst 2024; 12:6. [PMID: 38125666 PMCID: PMC10728428 DOI: 10.1007/s13755-023-00264-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the most common cancer in men worldwide and has a high mortality rate. The complex and heterogeneous development of prostate cancer has become a core obstacle in the treatment of prostate cancer. Simultaneously, the issues of overtreatment in early-stage diagnosis, oligometastasis and dormant tumor recognition, as well as personalized drug utilization, are also specific concerns that require attention in the clinical management of prostate cancer. Some typical genetic mutations have been proved to be associated with prostate cancer's initiation and progression. However, single-omic studies usually are not able to explain the causal relationship between molecular alterations and clinical phenotypes. Exploration from a systems genetics perspective is also lacking in this field, that is, the impact of gene network, the environmental factors, and even lifestyle behaviors on disease progression. At the meantime, current trend emphasizes the utilization of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning techniques to process extensive multidimensional data, including multi-omics. These technologies unveil the potential patterns, correlations, and insights related to diseases, thereby aiding the interpretable clinical decision making and applications, namely intelligent medicine. Therefore, there is a pressing need to integrate multidimensional data for identification of molecular subtypes, prediction of cancer progression and aggressiveness, along with perosonalized treatment performing. In this review, we systematically elaborated the landscape from molecular mechanism discovery of prostate cancer to clinical translational applications. We discussed the molecular profiles and clinical manifestations of prostate cancer heterogeneity, the identification of different states of prostate cancer, as well as corresponding precision medicine practices. Taking multi-omics fusion, systems genetics, and intelligence medicine as the main perspectives, the current research results and knowledge-driven research path of prostate cancer were summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shumin Ren
- Department of Urology and Institutes for Systems Genetics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 China
- Department of Computer Science and Information Technology, University of A Coruña, 15071 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Jiakun Li
- Department of Urology and Institutes for Systems Genetics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 China
| | - Julián Dorado
- Department of Computer Science and Information Technology, University of A Coruña, 15071 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Alejandro Sierra
- Department of Computer Science and Information Technology, University of A Coruña, 15071 A Coruña, Spain
- IKERDATA S.L., ZITEK, University of Basque Country UPVEHU, Rectorate Building, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Humbert González-Díaz
- Department of Computer Science and Information Technology, University of A Coruña, 15071 A Coruña, Spain
- IKERDATA S.L., ZITEK, University of Basque Country UPVEHU, Rectorate Building, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Aliuska Duardo
- Department of Computer Science and Information Technology, University of A Coruña, 15071 A Coruña, Spain
- IKERDATA S.L., ZITEK, University of Basque Country UPVEHU, Rectorate Building, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Bairong Shen
- Department of Urology and Institutes for Systems Genetics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 China
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Curtis D. Genetic Variants Associated with Hypertension Risk: Progress and Implications. Pulse (Basel) 2024; 12:19-26. [PMID: 38404912 PMCID: PMC10890806 DOI: 10.1159/000536505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Genetic variants causing diseases with hypertension as a secondary feature have previously been identified. Studies focussing on primary hypertension have utilised common and latterly rare genetic variants in attempts to elucidate the genetic contribution to the risk of primary hypertension. Summary Using genome-wide association studies (GWASs), associations of hypertension with hundreds of common genetic variants have been reported, implicating thousands of genes. Individual variants have small effect sizes and cumulatively account for around 6% of genetic risk. The common variant signal is enriched for relevant tissues and physiological processes, while some variants are associated with traits expected to have secondary impacts on hypertension risk, such as fruit intake, BMI, or time watching television. Studies using rare variants obtained from exome sequence data have implicated a small number of genes for which impaired function has moderate effects on blood pressure and/or hypertension risk. Notably, genetic variants which impair elements of guanylate cyclase activation, stimulated by either natriuretic hormones or nitric oxide, increase hypertension risk. Conversely, variants impairing dopamine beta-hydroxylase or renin production are associated with lower blood pressure. Variants for which a definite effect can be designated remain cumulatively extremely rare and again make only a small contribution to overall genetic risk. Although these results are of interest, it is not clear that they provide radical new insights or identify drug targets which were not previously known. Nor does it seem that genetic testing could be useful in terms of quantifying disease risk or guiding treatment. Key Messages Research has increased our knowledge about the relationship between naturally occurring genetic variation and risk of hypertension. Although some results serve to confirm our understanding of underlying physiology, their value in terms of potentially leading to practical advances in the management of hypertension appears questionable.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Curtis
- UCL Genetics Institute, University College London, London, UK
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3
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Tufail M. DNA repair pathways in breast cancer: from mechanisms to clinical applications. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2023:10.1007/s10549-023-06995-z. [PMID: 37289340 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-023-06995-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer (BC) is a complex disease with various subtypes and genetic alterations that impact DNA repair pathways. Understanding these pathways is essential for developing effective treatments and improving patient outcomes. AREA COVERED This study investigates the significance of DNA repair pathways in breast cancer, specifically focusing on various pathways such as nucleotide excision repair, base excision repair, mismatch repair, homologous recombination repair, non-homologous end joining, fanconi anemia pathway, translesion synthesis, direct repair, and DNA damage tolerance. The study also examines the role of these pathways in breast cancer resistance and explores their potential as targets for cancer treatment. CONCLUSION Recent advances in targeted therapies have shown promise in exploiting DNA repair pathways for BC treatment. However, much research is needed to improve the efficacy of these therapies and identify new targets. Additionally, personalized treatments that target specific DNA repair pathways based on tumor subtype or genetic profile are being developed. Advances in genomics and imaging technologies can potentially improve patient stratification and identify biomarkers of treatment response. However, many challenges remain, including toxicity, resistance, and the need for more personalized treatments. Continued research and development in this field could significantly improve BC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Tufail
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China.
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Shaaban S, Ji Y. Pharmacogenomics and health disparities, are we helping? Front Genet 2023; 14:1099541. [PMID: 36755573 PMCID: PMC9900000 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1099541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Pharmacogenomics has been at the forefront of precision medicine during the last few decades. Precision medicine carries the potential of improving health outcomes at both the individual as well as population levels. To harness the benefits of its initiatives, careful dissection of existing health disparities as they relate to precision medicine is of paramount importance. Attempting to address the existing disparities at the early stages of design and implementation of these efforts is the only guarantee of a successful just outcome. In this review, we glance at a few determinants of existing health disparities as they intersect with pharmacogenomics research and implementation. In our opinion, highlighting these disparities is imperative for the purpose of researching meaningful solutions. Failing to identify, and hence address, these disparities in the context of the current and future precision medicine initiatives would leave an already strained health system, even more inundated with inequality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherin Shaaban
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States,ARUP Laboratories, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States,*Correspondence: Sherin Shaaban,
| | - Yuan Ji
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States,ARUP Laboratories, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
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Jeibouei S, Shams F, Mohebichamkhorami F, Sanooghi D, Faal B, Akbari ME, Zali H. Biological and clinical review of IORT-induced wound fluid in breast cancer patients. Front Oncol 2022; 12:980513. [DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.980513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Intraoperative radiotherapy (IORT) has become a growing therapy for early-stage breast cancer (BC). Some studies claim that wound fluid (seroma), a common consequence of surgical excision in the tumor cavity, can reflect the effects of IORT on cancer inhibition. However, further research by our team and other researchers, such as analysis of seroma composition, affected cell lines, and primary tissues in two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) culture systems, clarified that seroma could not address the questions about IORT effectiveness in the surgical site. In this review, we mention the factors involved in tumor recurrence, direct or indirect effects of IORT on BC, and all the studies associated with BC seroma to attain more information about the impact of IORT-induced seroma to make a better decision to remove or remain after surgery and IORT. Finally, we suggest that seroma studies cannot decipher the mechanisms underlying the effectiveness of IORT in BC patients. The question of whether IORT-seroma has a beneficial effect can only be answered in a trial with a clinical endpoint, which is not even ongoing.
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Efficacy and safety of talazoparib in Japanese patients with germline BRCA-mutated locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer: results of the phase 1 dose-expansion study. Breast Cancer 2022; 29:1088-1098. [PMID: 35907135 PMCID: PMC9587945 DOI: 10.1007/s12282-022-01390-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Background Talazoparib, a poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase enzyme inhibitor, is approved for the treatment of patients with germline BRCA1/2 (gBRCA1/2)-mutated HER2-negative advanced breast cancer. This two-part study, a recently published dose-escalation part followed by the dose-expansion part reported here, evaluated the efficacy and safety of talazoparib in Japanese patients with gBRCA1/2-mutated advanced breast cancer. Methods In this open-label, multicenter phase 1 study (NCT03343054), the primary endpoint of the dose-expansion part was confirmed objective response rate (ORR), determined by investigator assessment (RECIST 1.1). Secondary endpoints included progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), safety, and pharmacokinetics. Patients received the recommended phase 2 dose (1 mg/day; 0.75 mg/day moderate renal impairment). Results Nineteen Japanese patients with gBRCA1/2-mutated locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer were enrolled. Confirmed ORR was 57.9% (11/19; 90% confidence interval [CI] 36.8–77.0). Stable disease was observed in 36.8% (7/19) of patients. Per investigator assessment, median PFS was 7.2 months (95% CI 4.1–not estimable) and 12-month OS rate was 84.7% (90% CI 57.5–95.1). Median OS was not reached; 17/19 patients were alive and censored at 12 months. All patients experienced treatment-related adverse events (AEs); the majority were hematologic. The most common treatment-related AE was anemia (68.4%; [13/19]). Grade 3/4 treatment-related AEs were observed in 52.6% (10/19) of patients. During the safety period, there were no grade 5 treatment-emergent AEs, treatment-related serious AEs, or deaths. Conclusions In Japanese patients with gBRCA mutations and locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer, talazoparib monotherapy was generally well tolerated and resulted in clinically meaningful ORRs. Clinicaltrials.gov identifier NCT03343054. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12282-022-01390-w.
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The Hallmarks of Glioblastoma: Heterogeneity, Intercellular Crosstalk and Molecular Signature of Invasiveness and Progression. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10040806. [PMID: 35453557 PMCID: PMC9031586 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10040806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In 2021 the World Health Organization published the fifth and latest version of the Central Nervous System tumors classification, which incorporates and summarizes a long list of updates from the Consortium to Inform Molecular and Practical Approaches to CNS Tumor Taxonomy work. Among the adult-type diffuse gliomas, glioblastoma represents most primary brain tumors in the neuro-oncology practice of adults. Despite massive efforts in the field of neuro-oncology diagnostics to ensure a proper taxonomy, the identification of glioblastoma-tumor subtypes is not accompanied by personalized therapies, and no improvements in terms of overall survival have been achieved so far, confirming the existence of open and unresolved issues. The aim of this review is to illustrate and elucidate the state of art regarding the foremost biological and molecular mechanisms that guide the beginning and the progression of this cancer, showing the salient features of tumor hallmarks in glioblastoma. Pathophysiology processes are discussed on molecular and cellular levels, highlighting the critical overlaps that are involved into the creation of a complex tumor microenvironment. The description of glioblastoma hallmarks shows how tumoral processes can be linked together, finding their involvement within distinct areas that are engaged for cancer-malignancy establishment and maintenance. The evidence presented provides the promising view that glioblastoma represents interconnected hallmarks that may led to a better understanding of tumor pathophysiology, therefore driving the development of new therapeutic strategies and approaches.
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Costa B, Vale N. Drug Metabolism for the Identification of Clinical Biomarkers in Breast Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:3181. [PMID: 35328602 PMCID: PMC8951384 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is classified into four major molecular subtypes, and is considered a heterogenous disease. The risk profiles and treatment of breast cancer differ according to these subtypes. Early detection dramatically improves the prospects of successful treatment, resulting in a reduction in overall mortality rates. However, almost 30% of women primarily diagnosed with the early-stage disease will eventually develop metastasis or resistance to chemotherapies. Immunotherapies are among the most promising cancer treatment options; however, long-term clinical benefit has only been observed in a small subset of responding patients. The current strategies for diagnosis and treatment rely heavily on histopathological examination and molecular diagnosis, disregarding the tumor microenvironment and microbiome involving cancer cells. In this review, we aim to praise the use of pharmacogenomics and pharmacomicrobiomics as a strategy to identify potential biomarkers for guiding and monitoring therapy in real-time. The finding of these biomarkers can be performed by studying the metabolism of drugs, more specifically, immunometabolism, and its relationship with the microbiome, without neglecting the information provided by genetics. A larger understanding of cancer biology has the potential to improve patient care, enable clinical decisions, and deliver personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara Costa
- OncoPharma Research Group, Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Rua Dr. Plácido da Costa, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Nuno Vale
- OncoPharma Research Group, Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Rua Dr. Plácido da Costa, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal;
- Department of Community Medicine, Health Information and Decision (MEDCIDS), Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Al. Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory RISE-Health Research Network, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Al. Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
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Allahloubi NMA, Zekri ARN, Ragab M, Mohanad M, Ahmed OS, Eid S, Ghareeb M, Gouda I, Bahnassy AA. Estrogen Receptor Gene Polymorphism as a Possible Genetic Risk Factor for Treatment Response in ER-Positive Breast Cancer Patients. Biochem Genet 2022; 60:1963-1985. [PMID: 35182276 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-022-10199-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Estrogen receptor-α (ESR1) single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been related to breast cancer (BC) susceptibility. In this retrospective study we investigated ESR1 SNPs in association with survival and treatment response in BC patients. Seven ESR1 SNPs were genotyped using TaqMan probe assay in 100 formalin-fixed paraffin embedded blocks of Egyptian ER+BC patients. Log-binomial regression was used to assess the association of 5 ESR1 SNPs with relative risk of non-response to adjuvant-hormonal treatment. We compared the performance of five machine learning classification models for prediction of treatment response. Predictive models were developed using rs1801132, rs2228480, and rs9322354 that were significantly associated with increased risk for non-response along with the relevant clinical features. Survival analysis was performed to detect prognostic significance of ESR1 SNPs in ESR+BC patients. rs1801132 (C), rs2228480 (A), and rs9322354 (G) minor alleles significantly increased the risk of non-response to tamoxifen by more than 81, 84, and 117%, respectively, in ER+BC patients on anthracycline/anthracycline-taxanes-based chemotherapy. Multivariate Cox regression survival analysis revealed that rs1801132 (C) and large tumor size were independent predictors for poor survival outcome in ER+BC. The best response predictive model was a combination random forest, K-nearest neighbor, and decision tree having an area under the curve of 0.94 and an accuracy of 90.8%. Our proposed predictive model based on ESR1 rs1801132, rs2228480, and rs9322354 SNPs represents a promising genetic risk stratification for selection patients who could benefit from tamoxifen therapy in such a way that might facilitate personalized medicine required to improve ER+BC patients' outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasr M A Allahloubi
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Abdel-Rahman N Zekri
- Virology and Immunology Unit, Cancer Biology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Ragab
- Medical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagagig, Egypt
| | - Marwa Mohanad
- Biochemistry Department, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Manufacturing, Misr University for Science and Technology, 6th of October, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Ola S Ahmed
- Virology and Immunology Unit, Cancer Biology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Salem Eid
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Ghareeb
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Iman Gouda
- Department of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Abeer A Bahnassy
- Tissue Culture and Cytogenetics Unit, Pathology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
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Ogbonna C, Kavaz D. Development of novel silver-apple pectin nanocomposite beads for antioxidant, antimicrobial and anticancer studies. Biologia (Bratisl) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11756-021-00993-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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11
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A Vision of Future Healthcare: Potential Opportunities and Risks of Systems Medicine from a Citizen and Patient Perspective-Results of a Qualitative Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18189879. [PMID: 34574802 PMCID: PMC8465522 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18189879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Advances in (bio)medicine and technological innovations make it possible to combine high-dimensional, heterogeneous health data to better understand causes of diseases and make them usable for predictive, preventive, and precision medicine. This study aimed to determine views on and expectations of “systems medicine” from the perspective of citizens and patients in six focus group interviews, all transcribed verbatim and content analyzed. A future vision of the use of systems medicine in healthcare served as a stimulus for the discussion. The results show that although certain aspects of systems medicine were seen positive (e.g., use of smart technology, digitalization, and networking in healthcare), the perceived risks dominated. The high degree of technification was perceived as emotionally burdensome (e.g., reduction of people to their data, loss of control, dehumanization). The risk-benefit balance for the use of risk-prediction models for disease events and trajectories was rated as rather negative. There were normative and ethical concerns about unwanted data use, discrimination, and restriction of fundamental rights. These concerns and needs of citizens and patients must be addressed in policy frameworks and health policy implementation strategies to reduce negative emotions and attitudes toward systems medicine and to take advantage of its opportunities.
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Neagu AN, Whitham D, Buonanno E, Jenkins A, Alexa-Stratulat T, Tamba BI, Darie CC. Proteomics and its applications in breast cancer. Am J Cancer Res 2021; 11:4006-4049. [PMID: 34659875 PMCID: PMC8493401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is an individually unique, multi-faceted and chameleonic disease, an eternal challenge for the new era of high-integrated precision diagnostic and personalized oncomedicine. Besides traditional single-omics fields (such as genomics, epigenomics, transcriptomics and metabolomics) and multi-omics contributions (proteogenomics, proteotranscriptomics or reproductomics), several new "-omics" approaches and exciting proteomics subfields are contributing to basic and advanced understanding of these "multiple diseases termed breast cancer": phenomics/cellomics, connectomics and interactomics, secretomics, matrisomics, exosomics, angiomics, chaperomics and epichaperomics, phosphoproteomics, ubiquitinomics, metalloproteomics, terminomics, degradomics and metadegradomics, adhesomics, stressomics, microbiomics, immunomics, salivaomics, materiomics and other biomics. Throughout the extremely complex neoplastic process, a Breast Cancer Cell Continuum Concept (BCCCC) has been modeled in this review as a spatio-temporal and holistic approach, as long as the breast cancer represents a complex cascade comprising successively integrated populations of heterogeneous tumor and cancer-associated cells, that reflect the carcinoma's progression from a "driving mutation" and formation of the breast primary tumor, toward the distant secondary tumors in different tissues and organs, via circulating tumor cell populations. This BCCCC is widely sustained by a Breast Cancer Proteomic Continuum Concept (BCPCC), where each phenotype of neoplastic and tumor-associated cells is characterized by a changing and adaptive proteomic profile detected in solid and liquid minimal invasive biopsies by complex proteomics approaches. Such a profile is created, beginning with the proteomic landscape of different neoplastic cell populations and cancer-associated cells, followed by subsequent analysis of protein biomarkers involved in epithelial-mesenchymal transition and intravasation, circulating tumor cell proteomics, and, finally, by protein biomarkers that highlight the extravasation and distant metastatic invasion. Proteomics technologies are producing important data in breast cancer diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive biomarkers discovery and validation, are detecting genetic aberrations at the proteome level, describing functional and regulatory pathways and emphasizing specific protein and peptide profiles in human tissues, biological fluids, cell lines and animal models. Also, proteomics can identify different breast cancer subtypes and specific protein and proteoform expression, can assess the efficacy of cancer therapies at cellular and tissular level and can even identify new therapeutic target proteins in clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anca-Narcisa Neagu
- Biochemistry & Proteomics Group, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Clarkson UniversityPotsdam, NY 13699-5810, USA
- Laboratory of Animal Histology, Faculty of Biology, “Alexandru Ioan Cuza” University of IașiCarol I bvd. No. 22, Iași 700505, Romania
| | - Danielle Whitham
- Biochemistry & Proteomics Group, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Clarkson UniversityPotsdam, NY 13699-5810, USA
| | - Emma Buonanno
- Biochemistry & Proteomics Group, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Clarkson UniversityPotsdam, NY 13699-5810, USA
| | - Avalon Jenkins
- Biochemistry & Proteomics Group, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Clarkson UniversityPotsdam, NY 13699-5810, USA
| | - Teodora Alexa-Stratulat
- Department of Medical Oncology-Radiotherapy, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and PharmacyIndependenței bvd. No. 16-18, Iași 700021, Romania
| | - Bogdan Ionel Tamba
- Advanced Center for Research and Development in Experimental Medicine (CEMEX), “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and PharmacyMihail Kogălniceanu Street No. 9-13, Iași 700454, Romania
| | - Costel C Darie
- Biochemistry & Proteomics Group, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Clarkson UniversityPotsdam, NY 13699-5810, USA
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Noor F, Noor A, Ishaq AR, Farzeen I, Saleem MH, Ghaffar K, Aslam MF, Aslam S, Chen JT. Recent Advances in Diagnostic and Therapeutic Approaches for Breast Cancer: A Comprehensive Review. Curr Pharm Des 2021; 27:2344-2365. [PMID: 33655849 DOI: 10.2174/1381612827666210303141416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A silent monster, breast cancer, is a challenging medical task for researchers. Breast cancer is a leading cause of death in women with respect to other cancers. A case of breast cancer is diagnosed among women every 19 seconds, and every 74 seconds, a woman dies of breast cancer somewhere in the world. Several risk factors, such as genetic and environmental factors, favor breast cancer development. This review tends to provide deep insights regarding the genetics of breast cancer along with multiple diagnostic and therapeutic approaches as problem-solving negotiators to prevent the progression of breast cancer. This assembled data mainly aims to discuss omics-based approaches to provide enthralling diagnostic biomarkers and emerging novel therapies to combat breast cancer. This review article intends to pave a new path for the discovery of effective treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Noor
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University Allama Iqbal Road, 38000 Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Ayesha Noor
- Department of Zoology, Government College University Allama Iqbal Road, 38000 Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Ali Raza Ishaq
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Environmental Microbial Technology Center of Hubei Province, College of Life Science, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Iqra Farzeen
- Department of Zoology, Government College University Allama Iqbal Road, 38000 Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Hamzah Saleem
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Environmental Microbial Technology Center of Hubei Province, College of Life Science, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Kanwal Ghaffar
- Department of Zoology, Government College University Allama Iqbal Road, 38000 Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Farhan Aslam
- MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Sidra Aslam
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University Allama Iqbal Road, 38000 Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Jen-Tsung Chen
- Department of Life Sciences, National University of Kaohsiung, Kaohsiung 811, China
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Lau HHC, Ingelsson M, Watts JC. The existence of Aβ strains and their potential for driving phenotypic heterogeneity in Alzheimer's disease. Acta Neuropathol 2021; 142:17-39. [PMID: 32743745 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-020-02201-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Reminiscent of the human prion diseases, there is considerable clinical and pathological variability in Alzheimer's disease, the most common human neurodegenerative condition. As in prion disorders, protein misfolding and aggregation is a hallmark feature of Alzheimer's disease, where the initiating event is thought to be the self-assembly of Aβ peptide into aggregates that deposit in the central nervous system. Emerging evidence suggests that Aβ, similar to the prion protein, can polymerize into a conformationally diverse spectrum of aggregate strains both in vitro and within the brain. Moreover, certain types of Aβ aggregates exhibit key hallmarks of prion strains including divergent biochemical attributes and the ability to induce distinct pathological phenotypes when intracerebrally injected into mouse models. In this review, we discuss the evidence demonstrating that Aβ can assemble into distinct strains of aggregates and how such strains may be primary drivers of the phenotypic heterogeneity in Alzheimer's disease.
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Bourdon JL, Dorsey A, Zalik M, Pietka A, Salyer P, Bray MJ, Bierut LJ, Ramsey AT. In-vivo design feedback and perceived utility of a genetically-informed smoking risk tool among current smokers in the community. BMC Med Genomics 2021; 14:139. [PMID: 34039360 PMCID: PMC8152342 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-021-00976-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of genetically-informed personalized risk information for behavioral disorders, namely smoking and smoking-related behaviors, is a promising yet understudied area. The Genetics and Smoking Risk Profile, or RiskProfile, leverages genetic and environmental information to communicate one's risk for smoking-related diseases. Although prior studies have examined attitudes toward genetic results, little research has investigated these perceptions through a lens of in-vivo testing; that is, user-centered design feedback in response to personalized genetic results being returned contemporaneously. This qualitative study engaged current smokers in usability testing of the RiskProfile within the context of concurrently receiving this personalized, genetically-informed smoking cessation intervention. METHODS Eighty-nine participants who were current smokers responded to open-ended interview questions on perceptions of smoking-related genetic information and the content and format of the RiskProfile intervention that they had received moments before. Data were analyzed via the conventional content analysis approach in which themes were allowed to emerge throughout the analysis. RESULTS Participants were able to reference and offer design input on specific elements of the RiskProfile. Overall, current smokers perceived the RiskProfile to have high potential utility. Constructive feedback that current smokers offered about the tool centered around suggested improvements to optimize its usability and technical content. CONCLUSIONS The detailed and constructive feedback from participants highlights that in-vivo feedback offers a useful design approach that addresses concerns of rigor and relevance when returning genetic results. This unique method demonstrated perceived utility and constructive design feedback for the RiskProfile among current smokers and can play an important role in optimizing the design and implementation of personalized genetic risk interventions moving forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L Bourdon
- Wellbridge Center for Addiction Treatment and Research, Center for Addiction Science, 525 Jan Way, Room 1523, Calverton, NY, 11922, USA.
| | - Amelia Dorsey
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Maia Zalik
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Amanda Pietka
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Patricia Salyer
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Michael J Bray
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Laura J Bierut
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Alex T Ramsey
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
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Novillo A, Fernández-Santander A, Gaibar M, Galán M, Romero-Lorca A, El Abdellaoui-Soussi F, Gómez-Del Arco P. Role of Chromodomain-Helicase-DNA-Binding Protein 4 (CHD4) in Breast Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 11:633233. [PMID: 33981601 PMCID: PMC8107472 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.633233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromodomain-helicase-DNA-binding protein 4 (CHD4) is an epigenetic regulator identified as an oncogenic element that may provide a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of breast cancer (BC). CHD4—the core component of the nucleosome remodeling and deacetylase (NuRD) complex—may be mutated in patients with this disease. However, information on CHD4 mutants that might allow their use as biomarkers of therapeutic success and prognosis is lacking. The present work examines mutations in CHD4 reported in patients with breast cancer and included in public databases and attempts to identify their roles in its development. The databases revealed 81 point mutations across different types of breast cancer (19 of which also appeared in endometrial, intestinal, nervous system, kidney, and lymphoid organ cancers). 71.6% of the detected mutations were missense mutations, 13.6% were silent, and 6.2% nonsense. Over 50% affected conserved residues of the ATPase motor (ATPase and helicase domains), and domains of unknown function in the C-terminal region. Thirty one mutations were classified in the databases as either ‘deleterious’, ‘probably/possibly damaging’ or as ‘high/medium pathogenic’; another five nonsense and one splice-site variant were predicted to produce potentially harmful truncated proteins. Eight of the 81 mutations were categorized as putative driver mutations and have been found in other cancer types. Some mutations seem to influence ATPase and DNA translocation activities (R1162W), while others may alter protein stability (R877Q/H, R975H) or disrupt DNA binding and protein activity (R572*, X34_splice) suggesting CHD4 function may be affected. In vivo tumorigenecity studies in endometrial cancer have revealed R975H and R1162W as mutations that lead to CHD4 loss-of-function. Our study provides insight into the molecular mechanism whereby CHD4, and some of its mutants could play a role in breast cancer and suggest important implications for the biological comprehension and prognosis of breast cancer, identifying CHD4 as a novel therapeutic target for BC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apolonia Novillo
- Department of Pre-clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Villaviciosa de Odón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Fernández-Santander
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Villaviciosa de Odón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Gaibar
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Villaviciosa de Odón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Galán
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Villaviciosa de Odón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alicia Romero-Lorca
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Villaviciosa de Odón, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Pablo Gómez-Del Arco
- Institute of Rare Diseases Research, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
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Inhibition of Cdc20 suppresses the metastasis in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). Breast Cancer 2021; 28:1073-1086. [PMID: 33813687 DOI: 10.1007/s12282-021-01242-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cdc20 is a crucial activator of the anaphase-promoting complex (APC/C) and is known to be essential in mitosis regulation. Abnormally high expression of Cdc20 has been reported in several malignancies. We aimed to study the Cdc20 expression in human breast cancer tissues, focusing specifically on Cdc20 in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC). METHODS The expression of mitotic regulators mRNA in three TNBC cell lines or three other breast cancer cell lines was determined by the RNA-sequencing database. 14,713 human breast cancer patient samples included in Breast Cancer-GenExminer v4.5 were used to analyze whether cell division cycle 20 (Cdc20) expression was related to TNBC. To find whether Cdc20 expression impacted prognosis in TNBC, we used 2,249 TNBC patients database. The loss of Cdc20 by RNA interference (shRNA) and several mitotic inhibitors including Apcin, ZM447439, BI 2536, and VX-680 on the capacities of proliferation, migration, invasion were evaluated by colony-forming, wound-healing, transwell assay, and western blot, respectively. RESULTS We studied the mitosis-related genes and proteins that are closely related to TNBC through the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) database. We found that Cdc20, one of the central mitotic regulators, is significantly upregulated in human TNBC, and its expression level is positively correlated with metastasis-free and relapse-free patient survival. We also found Cdc20 is highly conserved in TNBC in comparison to other breast cancer subtype cell lines. Cdc20 deficiency results in a decrease in cell growth and migration in four TNBC cell lines. Also, several mitotic inhibitors, such as Apcin, VX-680, ZM447439, and BI 2536, blocked cancer cell growth and invasion. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest an essential role of Cdc20 in tumor formation and metastasis of TNBC, which might be a potential target therapy for TNBC treatment.
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Lopes DV, de Fraga Dias A, Silva LFL, Scholl JN, Sévigny J, Battastini AMO, Figueiró F. Influence of NSAIDs and methotrexate on CD73 expression and glioma cell growth. Purinergic Signal 2021; 17:273-284. [PMID: 33745072 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-021-09775-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most malignant and deadly brain tumor. GBM cells overexpress the CD73 enzyme, which controls the level of extracellular adenosine, an immunosuppressive molecule. Studies have shown that some nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and methotrexate (MTX) have antiproliferative and modulatory effects on CD73 in vitro and in vivo. However, it remains unclear whether the antiproliferative effects of MTX and NSAIDS in GBM cells are mediated by increases in CD73 expression and adenosine formation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the NSAIDs, naproxen, piroxicam, meloxicam, ibuprofen, sodium diclofenac, acetylsalicylic acid, nimesulide, and ketoprofen on CD73 expression in GBM and mononuclear cells. In addition, we sought to understand whether the effects of MTX may be mediated by CD73 expression and activity. Cell viability and CD73 expression were evaluated in C6 and mononuclear cells after exposure to NSAIDs. For analysis of the mechanism of action of MTX, GBM cells were treated with APCP (CD73 inhibitor), dipyridamole (inhibitor of adenosine uptake), ABT-702 (adenosine kinase enzyme inhibitor), or caffeine (P1 adenosine receptor antagonist), before treatment with MTX and AMP, in the presence or not of mononuclear cells. In summary, only MTX increased the expression of CD73 in GBM cells decreasing cells viability by mechanisms independent of the adenosinergic system. Further studies are needed to understand the role of MTX in the GBM microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Vasconcelos Lopes
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Amanda de Fraga Dias
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Luiz Fernando Lopes Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Juliete Nathali Scholl
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Jean Sévigny
- Département de Microbiologie-Infectiologie et d'Immunologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada.,Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec City, QC, G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Ana Maria Oliveira Battastini
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Fabrício Figueiró
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. .,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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Bernard PS, Wooderchak-Donahue W, Wei M, Bray SM, Wood KC, Parikh B, McMillin GA. Potential Utility of Pre-Emptive Germline Pharmacogenetics in Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13061219. [PMID: 33799547 PMCID: PMC7998388 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13061219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with breast cancer often receive many drugs to manage the cancer, side effects associated with cancer treatment, and co-morbidities (i.e., polypharmacy). Drug-drug and drug-gene interactions contribute to the risk of adverse events (AEs), which could lead to non-adherence and reduced efficacy. Here we investigated several well-characterized inherited (germline) pharmacogenetic (PGx) targets in 225 patients with breast cancer. All relevant clinical, pharmaceutical, and PGx diplotype data were aggregated into a single unifying informatics platform to enable an exploratory analysis of the cohort and to evaluate pharmacy ordering patterns. Of the drugs recorded, there were 38 for which high levels of evidence for clinical actionability with PGx was available from the US FDA and/or the Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium (CPIC). These data were associated with 10 pharmacogenes: DPYD, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, CYP3A5, CYP4F2, G6PD, MT-RNR1, SLCO1B1, and VKORC1. All patients were taking at least one of the 38 drugs and had inherited at least one actionable PGx variant that would have informed prescribing decisions if this information had been available pre-emptively. The non-cancer drugs with PGx implications that were common (prescribed to at least one-third of patients) included anti-depressants, anti-infectives, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, opioids, and proton pump inhibitors. Based on these results, we conclude that pre-emptive PGx testing may benefit patients with breast cancer by informing drug and dose selection to maximize efficacy and minimize AEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip S. Bernard
- ARUP Institute for Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA; (P.S.B.); (W.W.-D.)
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA;
| | - Whitney Wooderchak-Donahue
- ARUP Institute for Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA; (P.S.B.); (W.W.-D.)
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Mei Wei
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA;
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Steven M. Bray
- LifeOmic Inc., Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (S.M.B.); (K.C.W.); (B.P.)
| | - Kevin C. Wood
- LifeOmic Inc., Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (S.M.B.); (K.C.W.); (B.P.)
| | - Baiju Parikh
- LifeOmic Inc., Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (S.M.B.); (K.C.W.); (B.P.)
| | - Gwendolyn A. McMillin
- ARUP Institute for Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA; (P.S.B.); (W.W.-D.)
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-801-583-2787 (ext. 2671)
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Hernández-Lemus E, Martínez-García M. Pathway-Based Drug-Repurposing Schemes in Cancer: The Role of Translational Bioinformatics. Front Oncol 2021; 10:605680. [PMID: 33520715 PMCID: PMC7841291 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.605680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a set of complex pathologies that has been recognized as a major public health problem worldwide for decades. A myriad of therapeutic strategies is indeed available. However, the wide variability in tumor physiology, response to therapy, added to multi-drug resistance poses enormous challenges in clinical oncology. The last years have witnessed a fast-paced development of novel experimental and translational approaches to therapeutics, that supplemented with computational and theoretical advances are opening promising avenues to cope with cancer defiances. At the core of these advances, there is a strong conceptual shift from gene-centric emphasis on driver mutations in specific oncogenes and tumor suppressors-let us call that the silver bullet approach to cancer therapeutics-to a systemic, semi-mechanistic approach based on pathway perturbations and global molecular and physiological regulatory patterns-we will call this the shrapnel approach. The silver bullet approach is still the best one to follow when clonal mutations in driver genes are present in the patient, and when there are targeted therapies to tackle those. Unfortunately, due to the heterogeneous nature of tumors this is not the common case. The wide molecular variability in the mutational level often is reduced to a much smaller set of pathway-based dysfunctions as evidenced by the well-known hallmarks of cancer. In such cases "shrapnel gunshots" may become more effective than "silver bullets". Here, we will briefly present both approaches and will abound on the discussion on the state of the art of pathway-based therapeutic designs from a translational bioinformatics and computational oncology perspective. Further development of these approaches depends on building collaborative, multidisciplinary teams to resort to the expertise of clinical oncologists, oncological surgeons, and molecular oncologists, but also of cancer cell biologists and pharmacologists, as well as bioinformaticians, computational biologists and data scientists. These teams will be capable of engaging on a cycle of analyzing high-throughput experiments, mining databases, researching on clinical data, validating the findings, and improving clinical outcomes for the benefits of the oncological patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Hernández-Lemus
- Computational Genomics Division, National Institute of Genomic Medicine, Mexico City, Mexico
- Centro de Ciencias de la Complejidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Mireya Martínez-García
- Sociomedical Research Unit, National Institute of Cardiology “Ignacio Chávez”, Mexico City, Mexico
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Syedmoradi L, Norton ML, Omidfar K. Point-of-care cancer diagnostic devices: From academic research to clinical translation. Talanta 2020; 225:122002. [PMID: 33592810 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.122002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Early and timely diagnosis of cancer plays a decisive role in appropriate treatment and improves clinical outcomes, improving public health. Significant advances in biosensor technologies are leading to the development of point-of-care (POC) diagnostics, making the testing process faster, easier, cost-effective, and suitable for on-site measurements. Moreover, the incorporation of various nanomaterials into the sensing platforms has yielded POC testing (POCT) platforms with enhanced sensitivity, cost-effectiveness and simplified detection schemes. POC cancer diagnostic devices provide promising platforms for cancer biomarker detection as compared to conventional in vitro diagnostics, which are time-consuming and require sophisticated instrumentation, centralized laboratories, and experienced operators. Current innovative approaches in POC technologies, including biosensors, smartphone interfaces, and lab-on-a-chip (LOC) devices are expected to quickly transform the healthcare landscape. However, only a few cancer POC devices (e.g. lateral flow platforms) have been translated from research laboratories to clinical care, likely due to challenges include sampling procedures, low levels of sensitivity and specificity in clinical samples, system integration and signal readout requirements. In this review, we emphasize recent advances in POC diagnostic devices for cancer biomarker detection and discuss the critical challenges which must be surmounted to facilitate their translation into clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Syedmoradi
- Biosensor Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Michael L Norton
- Department of Chemistry, Marshall University, One John Marshall Drive, Huntington, WV, 25755, USA
| | - Kobra Omidfar
- Biosensor Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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22
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Elias-Rizk T, El Hajj J, Segal-Bendirdjian E, Hilal G. The long non coding RNA H19 as a biomarker for breast cancer diagnosis in Lebanese women. Sci Rep 2020; 10:22228. [PMID: 33335214 PMCID: PMC7747713 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-79285-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women worldwide. Minimally invasive percutaneous image-guided biopsies are the current cornerstone in the diagnosis of breast lesions detected on mammography/ultrasonography/MRI or palpable clinically. However, apparently benign breast disease seen on benign biopsies is a limiting factor for diagnosis and a risk factor of breast cancer especially in the high-risk category patients. Hypothesizing that molecular changes often occur before morphological variations, the levels of the LncRNA H19 were measured in anonymous tissues obtained from 79 women's image guided breast biopsies, and correlated with cancer progression and aggressiveness. Using a double-blinded approach, H19 might be attributed an interesting role of a more sensitive biomarker in core breast biopsies, independently of the radiological/clinical classification and distant from the clinical management. We established different thresholds for H19 levels in normal versus proliferative, versus malignant tissues. Additionnally, H19 could act as an intra-group risk marker categorizing the biopsies in normal versus benign, versus precancerous breast tissue, and as a prognostic factor in cancerous lesions discriminating aggressive versus nonaggressive lesions. Our study suggests that the lncRNA H19 could be a potential marker for breast cancer diagnosis, prognosis and risk management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamina Elias-Rizk
- School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon
- Cancer and Metabolism Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Saint-Joseph University, Mar Mikhaël, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Joelle El Hajj
- Natural Sciences Department, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon
- Cancer and Metabolism Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Saint-Joseph University, Mar Mikhaël, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Evelyne Segal-Bendirdjian
- Team: Cellular Homeostasis, Cancer, and Therapies, INSERM UMR-S 1124, Université de Paris, Paris, France
- Université de Paris, Paris Sorbonne Cité, Paris, France
- BioMedTech Facilities, CNRS UMS2009/INSERM US36, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - George Hilal
- Cancer and Metabolism Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Saint-Joseph University, Mar Mikhaël, Beirut, Lebanon.
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Lemmen C, Woopen C, Stock S. Systems medicine 2030: A Delphi study on implementation in the German healthcare system. Health Policy 2020; 125:104-114. [PMID: 33288301 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthpol.2020.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Systems medicine is based on approaches taken from systems biology, omics research, bio-informatics and network theory. It promises to facilitate a better understanding of the causes of diseases, detection at an earlier stage, and the use of tailor-made approaches to prevention and therapy. This study provides information on how systems medicine could be incorporated into the German healthcare system. METHODS In a Policy Delphi, consensus and divergence was elicited on whether experts believed systems medicine could be incorporated into the German healthcare system by 2030. Additionally, factors that could influence the implementation process were analysed. 11 theses on potential systems medicine developments and 193 arguments on influencing factors were evaluated. Experts from health and health-related fields were selected using "purposive sampling". RESULTS The experts interviewed expressed their trust in the provision of a legal-political framework, though they remained uncertain as to whether the necessary social discourse on the ethical and cultural questions surrounding systems medicine would occur. They do not (currently) expect systems medicine to be implemented by 2030. CONCLUSION Systems medicine is currently regarded as a visionary concept. As such, it would be premature to attempt to judge the success of the translation process at this stage. The results can help with the identification of the challenges involved in implementation, and the action required to achieve this aim.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clarissa Lemmen
- Institute for Health Economics and Clinical Epidemiology, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
| | - Christiane Woopen
- Research Unit Ethics, Institute for the History of Medicine and Medical Ethics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Ceres, Cologne Center for Ethics, Rights, Economics, and Social Sciences of Health, University of Cologne, Universitätsstr. 91, 50931 Cologne, Germany.
| | - Stephanie Stock
- Institute for Health Economics and Clinical Epidemiology, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
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Amabile MI, Frusone F, De Luca A, Tripodi D, Imbimbo G, Lai S, D’Andrea V, Sorrenti S, Molfino A. Locoregional Surgery in Metastatic Breast Cancer: Do Concomitant Metabolic Aspects Have a Role on the Management and Prognosis in this Setting? J Pers Med 2020; 10:jpm10040227. [PMID: 33202793 PMCID: PMC7712935 DOI: 10.3390/jpm10040227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Although they cannot be considered curative, the new therapeutic integrated advances in metastatic breast cancer (MBC) have substantially improved patient outcomes. Traditionally, surgery was confined to palliation of symptomatic or ulcerating lumps. Data suggest, in some cases, a possible additive role for more aggressive locoregional surgical therapy in combination with systemic treatments in the metastatic setting, although a low level of evidence has been shown in terms of improvement in overall survival in MBC patients treated with surgery and medical treatment compared to medical treatment alone. In this light, tumor heterogeneity remains a challenge. To effectively reshape the therapeutic approach to MBC, careful consideration of who is a good candidate for locoregional resection is paramount. The patient’s global health condition, impacting on cancer progression and morbidity and their associated molecular targets, have to be considered in treatment decision-making. In particular, more recently, research has been focused on the role of metabolic derangements, including the presence of metabolic syndrome, which represent well-known conditions related to breast cancer recurrence and distant metastasis and are, therefore, involved in the prognosis. In the present article, we focus on locoregional surgical strategies in MBC and whether concomitant metabolic derangements may have a role in prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Ida Amabile
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (F.F.); (A.D.L.); (D.T.); (V.D.); (S.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-06-499-72042
| | - Federico Frusone
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (F.F.); (A.D.L.); (D.T.); (V.D.); (S.S.)
| | - Alessandro De Luca
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (F.F.); (A.D.L.); (D.T.); (V.D.); (S.S.)
| | - Domenico Tripodi
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (F.F.); (A.D.L.); (D.T.); (V.D.); (S.S.)
| | - Giovanni Imbimbo
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (G.I.); (S.L.); (A.M.)
| | - Silvia Lai
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (G.I.); (S.L.); (A.M.)
| | - Vito D’Andrea
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (F.F.); (A.D.L.); (D.T.); (V.D.); (S.S.)
| | - Salvatore Sorrenti
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (F.F.); (A.D.L.); (D.T.); (V.D.); (S.S.)
| | - Alessio Molfino
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (G.I.); (S.L.); (A.M.)
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25
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Chen FM, Huang LJ, Ou-Yang F, Kan JY, Kao LC, Hou MF. Activation of mitochondrial unfolded protein response is associated with Her2-overexpression breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2020; 183:61-70. [PMID: 32601970 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-020-05729-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Mitochondrial unfolding protein are abundant in breast cancer cells, but the mechanism by which breast cancer cells resist apoptosis is still not fully elucidated. In this study, we explored the role of mitochondrial unfolded protein response (mtUPR)-related proteins in four types of breast cancer tissues. METHODS Mitochondrial fractions were taken from four breast cancer tissues (luminal A, luminal B, Her2 -overexpression, and TNBC) and the expression of mitochondrial polyubiquitinated proteins was observed by western blot and ELISA. In addition, the expression of hsp10, hsp60, and clpp in mitochondria was observed by western blot in breast cancer tissues and adjacent tissues, and confirmed by ELISA. The expression levels of hsp10 and hsp60 were correlated with clinicopathological parameters in 114 breast cancer patients. RESULTS We found an increase in the performance of mitochondrial polyubiquitinated proteins in breast cancer tissues of luminal A, luminal B, Her2-overexpression, and TNBC. The mitochondrial hsp10, hsp60, and clpp are abundantly expressed in breast cancer tissues rather than adjacent noncancerous tissues. The expression levels of mitochondrial hsp10 and hsp60 were highest in histological grade 3 breast cancer tissues. Additionally, mitochondria with high hsp60 expression were more present in Her2-positive tumors. CONCLUSIONS We observed that mtUPR was specifically activated in breast cancer tissues but inactivated in normal mammary tissue. MtUPR had also exhibited a particular increase in Her2-overexpression tumors but not in ER- or PR-positive tumors. Taken together, we suggested that mtUPR may act as a potential candidate for developing novel Her2-overexpression breast cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Ming Chen
- Division of Breast Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, No. 100, Tzyou 1st Road, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan, ROC.,Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, No. 68, Zhonghua 3rd Rd., Qianjin Dist., Kaohsiung, 801, Taiwan, ROC.,Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, No. 100, Tzyou 1st Road, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan, ROC.,Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, No. 100, Tzyou 1st Road, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Li-Ju Huang
- Center of Teaching and Research, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Fu Ou-Yang
- Division of Breast Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, No. 100, Tzyou 1st Road, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan, ROC.,Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, No. 68, Zhonghua 3rd Rd., Qianjin Dist., Kaohsiung, 801, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Jung-Yu Kan
- Division of Breast Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, No. 100, Tzyou 1st Road, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan, ROC.,Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, No. 68, Zhonghua 3rd Rd., Qianjin Dist., Kaohsiung, 801, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Li-Chun Kao
- Division of Breast Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, No. 100, Tzyou 1st Road, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan, ROC.,Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, No. 68, Zhonghua 3rd Rd., Qianjin Dist., Kaohsiung, 801, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ming-Feng Hou
- Division of Breast Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, No. 100, Tzyou 1st Road, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan, ROC. .,Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, No. 68, Zhonghua 3rd Rd., Qianjin Dist., Kaohsiung, 801, Taiwan, ROC. .,Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, No. 100, Tzyou 1st Road, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan, ROC. .,Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, No. 100, Tzyou 1st Road, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan, ROC.
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26
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Ultrasound-Guided Core-Needle Biopsy of Suspicious Breast Lesions. JOURNAL OF INTERDISCIPLINARY MEDICINE 2020. [DOI: 10.2478/jim-2020-0010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Breast cancer is the female cancer with the highest mortality. While early detection is a public health priority in Western European countries, a screening program in our country has yet to be implemented. The best diagnostic accuracy is achieved through the use of triple assessment: clinical examination, imaging, and core-needle biopsy where indicated. Prognosis is influenced by clinical, histological, and biological factors, and therapy is most effective when individually tailored.
Aim of the study: To analyze the clinical, histological, and immunohistochemical characteristics of the biopsied nodules and summarize our experience from the last three years.
Material and Methods: We retrospectively analyzed data from 137 patients who underwent core-needle biopsy between 2017 and 2019. Imaging score was assigned based on ultrasound examination or mammography. Clinical and pathological parameters were recorded, followed by statistical processing of the data.
Results: The mean age of the patients was 58 ± 14 years, lesions had a mean size of 22.83 ± 14.10 mm. Most nodules (n = 63, 47.01%) were located in the upper-outer quadrant, and bilateral presence was found in 4 (3.08%) cases. We found a significant positive correlation between lesion size and the patients’ age (Spearman r = 0.356; 95% CI 0.186, 0.506; p = 0.000). The malignancy rates within the Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) categories were as follows: 0% for „4a”, 31.58% for „4b”, 71.42% for „4c”, and 97.72% for „5”. Most malignancies (n = 73, 78.35%) were represented by invasive ductal carcinoma of no special type, 58.43% (n = 52) were grade 2, 89.13% (n = 82) were estrogen receptor positive, and Luminal B-like type was the most common (n = 63, 78.75%).
Conclusions: The mean size of tumors was larger than the average size at discovery described in the literature. In our region, age and tumor size are positively correlated. Preoperative histological results may indicate the reliability of the imaging risk stratification system. Most cases can benefit from adjuvant endocrine therapy.
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Choi YK, Kang JI, Han S, Kim YR, Jo J, Kang YW, Choo DR, Hyun JW, Koh YS, Yoo ES, Kang HK. L-Ascorbic Acid Inhibits Breast Cancer Growth by Inducing IRE/JNK/CHOP-Related Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-Mediated p62/SQSTM1 Accumulation in the Nucleus. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12051351. [PMID: 32397306 PMCID: PMC7284633 DOI: 10.3390/nu12051351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Anticancer effects of L-ascorbic acid (Vitamin C, L-AA) have been reported in various types of cancers. L-AA intake reduces breast cancer recurrence and mortality; however, the role of L-AA in the treatment of breast cancer remains poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the effect and mechanism action of L-AA on breast cancer growth. L-AA inhibited the growth of breast cancer cells by inducing apoptotic cell death at the evaluated treatment concentrations without affecting normal cells. Moreover, L-AA induces autophagosome formation via regulation of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), Beclin1, and autophagy-related genes (ATGs) and increased autophagic flux. Notably, we observed that L-AA increased p62/SQSTM1 (sequestosome 1) protein levels. Accumulation of p62 protein in cancer cells in response to stress has been reported, but its role in cancer regulation remains controversial. Here, we demonstrated that L-AA-induced p62 accumulation is related to L-AA-induced breast cancer growth inhibition. Furthermore, L-AA induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress via the IRE–JNK–CHOP (inositol-requiring endonuclease–c-Jun N-terminal kinase–C/EBP homologous protein) signaling pathways, which increased the nuclear levels of p62/SQSTM1. These findings provide evidence that L-AA-induced ER stress could be crucial for p62 accumulation-dependent cell death, and L-AA can be useful in breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youn Kyung Choi
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Jeju National University 102 Jejudaehakno, Jeju 63243, Korea; (Y.K.C.); (J.-I.K.); (S.H.); (Y.R.K.); (J.J.); (Y.W.K.); (D.R.C.); (J.W.H.); (Y.S.K.); (E.-S.Y.)
| | - Jung-Il Kang
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Jeju National University 102 Jejudaehakno, Jeju 63243, Korea; (Y.K.C.); (J.-I.K.); (S.H.); (Y.R.K.); (J.J.); (Y.W.K.); (D.R.C.); (J.W.H.); (Y.S.K.); (E.-S.Y.)
| | - Sanghoon Han
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Jeju National University 102 Jejudaehakno, Jeju 63243, Korea; (Y.K.C.); (J.-I.K.); (S.H.); (Y.R.K.); (J.J.); (Y.W.K.); (D.R.C.); (J.W.H.); (Y.S.K.); (E.-S.Y.)
| | - Young Ree Kim
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Jeju National University 102 Jejudaehakno, Jeju 63243, Korea; (Y.K.C.); (J.-I.K.); (S.H.); (Y.R.K.); (J.J.); (Y.W.K.); (D.R.C.); (J.W.H.); (Y.S.K.); (E.-S.Y.)
| | - Jaemin Jo
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Jeju National University 102 Jejudaehakno, Jeju 63243, Korea; (Y.K.C.); (J.-I.K.); (S.H.); (Y.R.K.); (J.J.); (Y.W.K.); (D.R.C.); (J.W.H.); (Y.S.K.); (E.-S.Y.)
| | - Yong Woo Kang
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Jeju National University 102 Jejudaehakno, Jeju 63243, Korea; (Y.K.C.); (J.-I.K.); (S.H.); (Y.R.K.); (J.J.); (Y.W.K.); (D.R.C.); (J.W.H.); (Y.S.K.); (E.-S.Y.)
| | - Do Ryeon Choo
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Jeju National University 102 Jejudaehakno, Jeju 63243, Korea; (Y.K.C.); (J.-I.K.); (S.H.); (Y.R.K.); (J.J.); (Y.W.K.); (D.R.C.); (J.W.H.); (Y.S.K.); (E.-S.Y.)
| | - Jin Won Hyun
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Jeju National University 102 Jejudaehakno, Jeju 63243, Korea; (Y.K.C.); (J.-I.K.); (S.H.); (Y.R.K.); (J.J.); (Y.W.K.); (D.R.C.); (J.W.H.); (Y.S.K.); (E.-S.Y.)
- Jeju Research Center for Natural Medicine, Jeju National University; 102 Jejudaehakno, Jeju 63243, Korea
| | - Young Sang Koh
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Jeju National University 102 Jejudaehakno, Jeju 63243, Korea; (Y.K.C.); (J.-I.K.); (S.H.); (Y.R.K.); (J.J.); (Y.W.K.); (D.R.C.); (J.W.H.); (Y.S.K.); (E.-S.Y.)
- Jeju Research Center for Natural Medicine, Jeju National University; 102 Jejudaehakno, Jeju 63243, Korea
| | - Eun-Sook Yoo
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Jeju National University 102 Jejudaehakno, Jeju 63243, Korea; (Y.K.C.); (J.-I.K.); (S.H.); (Y.R.K.); (J.J.); (Y.W.K.); (D.R.C.); (J.W.H.); (Y.S.K.); (E.-S.Y.)
- Jeju Research Center for Natural Medicine, Jeju National University; 102 Jejudaehakno, Jeju 63243, Korea
| | - Hee-Kyoung Kang
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Jeju National University 102 Jejudaehakno, Jeju 63243, Korea; (Y.K.C.); (J.-I.K.); (S.H.); (Y.R.K.); (J.J.); (Y.W.K.); (D.R.C.); (J.W.H.); (Y.S.K.); (E.-S.Y.)
- Jeju Research Center for Natural Medicine, Jeju National University; 102 Jejudaehakno, Jeju 63243, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.:+82-10-6214-5464
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28
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Gaibar M, Beltrán L, Romero-Lorca A, Fernández-Santander A, Novillo A. Somatic Mutations in HER2 and Implications for Current Treatment Paradigms in HER2-Positive Breast Cancer. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2020; 2020:6375956. [PMID: 32256585 PMCID: PMC7081042 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6375956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In one of every four or five cases of breast cancer, the human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2) gene is overexpressed. These carcinomas are known as HER2-positive. HER2 overexpression is linked to an aggressive phenotype and a lower rate of disease-free and overall survival. Drugs such as trastuzumab, pertuzumab, lapatinib, neratinib, and the more recent afatinib target the deregulation of HER2 expression. Some authors have attributed somatic mutations in HER2, a role in resistance to anti-HER2 therapy as differential regulation of HER2 has been observed among patients. Recently, studies in metastatic ER + tumors suggest that some HER2 mutations emerge as a mechanism of acquired resistance to endocrine therapy. In an effort to identify possible biomarkers of the efficacy of anti-HER2 therapy, we here review the known single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the HER2 gene found in HER2-positive breast cancer patients and their relationship with clinical outcomes. Information was recompiled on 11 somatic HER2 SNPs. Seven polymorphisms are located in the tyrosine kinase domain region of the gene contrasting with the low number of mutations found in extracellular and transmembrane areas. HER2-positive patients carrying S310F, S310Y, R678Q, D769H, or I767M mutations seem good candidates for anti-HER2 therapy as they show favorable outcomes and a good response to current pharmacological treatments. Carrying the L755S or D769Y mutation could also confer benefits when receiving neratinib or afatinib. By contrast, patients with mutations L755S, V842I, K753I, or D769Y do not seem to benefit from trastuzumab. Resistance to lapatinib has been reported in patients with L755S, V842I, and K753I. These data suggest that exploring HER2 SNPs in each patient could help individualize anti-HER2 therapies. Advances in our understanding of the genetics of the HER2 gene and its relations with the efficacy of anti-HER2 treatments are needed to improve the outcomes of patients with this aggressive breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Gaibar
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences and Health, Universidad Europea de Madrid, C/Tajo, S/N, 28670 Villaviciosa de Odón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Beltrán
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences and Health, Universidad Europea de Madrid, C/Tajo, S/N, 28670 Villaviciosa de Odón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alicia Romero-Lorca
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences and Health, Universidad Europea de Madrid, C/Tajo, S/N, 28670 Villaviciosa de Odón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Fernández-Santander
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences and Health, Universidad Europea de Madrid, C/Tajo, S/N, 28670 Villaviciosa de Odón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Apolonia Novillo
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences and Health, Universidad Europea de Madrid, C/Tajo, S/N, 28670 Villaviciosa de Odón, Madrid, Spain
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