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Patwary MM, Disha AS, Hasan M, Bardhan M, Hasan M, Tuhi FI, Rahim SJ, Newaz MN, Imran SA, Haque MZ, Hossain MR, Kabir MP, Swed S. Integrating health belief model and theory of planned behavior to assess COVID-19 vaccine acceptance among urban slum people in Bangladesh. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0290412. [PMID: 38117841 PMCID: PMC10732453 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0290412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The vaccination against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been identified as a promising strategy to reduce the severity of the pandemic. Despite the safe and effective COVID-19 vaccines, bringing socioeconomically disadvantaged people under vaccination coverage has been challenging for developing countries like Bangladesh. Therefore, this study explored the determinants of vaccine acceptance among urban slum residents of Bangladesh using the Health Belief Model (HBM) and Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB). METHODS A face-to-face survey of 400 urban slum dwellers in two large cities in Bangladesh was conducted between July 5 to August 5, 2021. The questionnaire included vaccine acceptance, socio-demographics, health-related characteristics, trust in health authorities, reasons for vaccine hesitancy, and dimensions of HBM and TPB frameworks. Hierarchical logistic regression was performed to evaluate the association between these characteristics and vaccination acceptance. RESULTS Around 82% (n = 327) of respondents were willing to accept the COVID-19 vaccine. In a fully adjusted model, respondents with secondary level education had higher intention (OR = 46.93, 95%CI = 1.21-1807.90, p < 0. 05) to accept COVID-19 vaccine. Respondents with bad (OR = 0.11, 95%CI = 0.01-0.35, p<0.05) or very bad (OR = 0.01, 95%CI = 0.01-0.35, p<0.05) health conditions were less interested in the COVID-19 vaccination. In regard to HBM dimensions, greater perceived susceptibility (OR = 1.75, 95% CI = 1.12-2.75, p < 0.05), and perceived benefits (OR = 3.28, 95% CI = 1.17-6.00, p < 0.001) were associated with a greater willingness to get vaccinated. In regard to TPB, higher self-efficacy in preventing illness without the vaccine increased the desire to get vaccinated (OR = 1.55, 95% CI = 1.02-2.37, p < 0.05). Fear of unknown side effects, religious beliefs, contraindications to vaccination, and insufficient information on the vaccine were the main reasons for vaccine hesitancy. CONCLUSIONS These findings offer valuable insights for policymakers in Bangladesh to design targeted interventions that address vaccine hesitancy and increase vaccination acceptability among socially disadvantaged individuals in urban areas. Strategies should focus on providing accurate and accessible information about the vaccine, communicating its positive impact effectively, engaging with religious leaders to address misconceptions, and tailoring vaccination campaigns to meet the unique needs of different demographic groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Mainuddin Patwary
- Environment and Sustainability Research Initiative, Khulna, Bangladesh
- Environmental Science Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna, Bangladesh
| | - Asma Safia Disha
- Environment and Sustainability Research Initiative, Khulna, Bangladesh
- Department of Environmental Science and Management, North South University, Bashundhara, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mahadi Hasan
- Environment and Sustainability Research Initiative, Khulna, Bangladesh
- Environmental Science Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna, Bangladesh
| | - Mondira Bardhan
- Environment and Sustainability Research Initiative, Khulna, Bangladesh
- Environmental Science Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna, Bangladesh
| | - Mehedi Hasan
- Environment and Sustainability Research Initiative, Khulna, Bangladesh
- Department of Environmental Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Faiza Imam Tuhi
- Environment and Sustainability Research Initiative, Khulna, Bangladesh
- Department of Statistics, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Sama Jamila Rahim
- Environment and Sustainability Research Initiative, Khulna, Bangladesh
- Department of Statistics, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Navid Newaz
- Environment and Sustainability Research Initiative, Khulna, Bangladesh
- Department of Statistics, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Sardar Al Imran
- Environment and Sustainability Research Initiative, Khulna, Bangladesh
- Development Studies Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Zahidul Haque
- Environment and Sustainability Research Initiative, Khulna, Bangladesh
- Environmental Science Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Riad Hossain
- Institute of Disaster Management, Khulna University of Engineering & Technology, Khulna, Bangladesh
| | - Md Pervez Kabir
- Environment and Sustainability Research Initiative, Khulna, Bangladesh
- Environmental Science Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna, Bangladesh
| | - Sarya Swed
- Faculty of Medicine, Aleppo University, Aleppo, Syria
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Efendi D, Kurniasari MD, Tsai HT, Wanda D, Nurhaeni N, Efendi F. Path analysis of COVID-19 vaccine adherence among adolescents across Indonesia, in the Maluku-Papua Islands (Eastern Indonesia), and on Java Island. J Pediatr Nurs 2023; 73:e43-e53. [PMID: 37479557 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedn.2023.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND COVID-19 incidence in Indonesia was high among adolescents, but vaccine acceptance remains low. The unequal geographical distribution of the health workforce and health facilities in Indonesia, including a lower number of health workers and facilities in Maluku-Papua, resulted in a low rate of vaccine acceptance. Knowledge, attitude, belief in the vaccine, comorbidity, congenital status are related to vaccine adherence, but mediation analysis of factors remains lacking. We aimed to analyze path analysis of knowledge, congenital, comorbidity, belief, and attitude to COVID-19 vaccine adherence among adolescents in Indonesia, Maluku-Papua Island, and Java Island. METHOD A nationwide cross-sectional study was undertaken among 7604 adolescents. A path analysis to investigate mediating effects between variables combined with bootstrapping was utilized to determine statistical significance. RESULT Knowledge, congenital status, comorbidity, belief, and attitude were significantly positively associated with COVID-19 vaccine adherence among adolescents in Maluku-Papua Island (p < 0.01; n = 4761), Java Island (p < 0.01; n = 1573), and Indonesia (p < 0.05; n = 7604). Congenital status, belief, and attitude negatively mediated the relationship between knowledge of and adherence to COVID-19 vaccine (p < 0.01) in Indonesia and among the subgroup on Maluku-Papua Island (p < 0.01), but a positive mediation (p = 0.04) in our subgroup analysis of Java Island. Comorbidity status, belief, and attitude negatively mediated relationship between knowledge and adherence to COVID-19 vaccine in Indonesia (p ≤0.01) and Maluku-Papua (p = 0.00), but no mediation role was found in Java Island (p = 0.58). CONCLUSION Comorbidity, congenital illness status, belief in and attitude to COVID-19 vaccine negatively mediated the relationship between knowledge of and adherence to COVID-19 vaccine among adolescents in Indonesia and our sub-group on Maluku-Papua Island but not on Java Island. PRACTICAL IMPLICATION Massive improvement in healthcare facility equality plays an important role in Indonesia gaining COVID-19 vaccine adherence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Defi Efendi
- Department of Pediatric Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Indonesia, Depok 16424, Indonesia; Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Universitas Indonesia Hospital, Depok 16424, Indonesia; Nursing Department, Universitas Indonesia Hospital, Depok 16424, Indonesia.
| | - Maria Dyah Kurniasari
- Nursing Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Universitas Kristen Satya Wacana, Diponegoro Street, No. 52-60, Salatiga 50711, Indonesia
| | - Hsiu Ting Tsai
- School of Nursing, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing Street, Taipei 11031, Taiwan, ROC; Post-Baccalaureate Program in Nursing, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, 250. Wuxing Street, Taipei 11031, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Dessie Wanda
- Department of Pediatric Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Indonesia, Depok 16424, Indonesia
| | - Nani Nurhaeni
- Department of Pediatric Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Indonesia, Depok 16424, Indonesia
| | - Ferry Efendi
- Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Airlangga-Jl. Dr. Ir. H. Soekarno, Mulyorejo, Kec. Mulyorejo, Kota Surabaya 60115, Indonesia
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Sujarwoto S, Maharani A. Is knowledge about COVID-19 associated with willingness to receive vaccine, vaccine uptake, and vaccine booster uptake in rural Malang, Indonesia? Front Public Health 2023; 11:1203550. [PMID: 37351094 PMCID: PMC10282756 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1203550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Lack of knowledge regarding the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and COVID-19 vaccines is a key barrier to COVID-19 vaccine uptake in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Aims To examine factors associated with knowledge about COVID-19 and the association between knowledge of COVID-19, willingness to receive a COVID-19 vaccine, and vaccine uptake in Malang, East Java, Indonesia. Method A cross-sectional study among individuals aged 15-99 years was conducted in Malang, Java Timur, Indonesia between November 2022 and January 2023. Of 10,050 potential respondents, 10,007 were able to complete the survey. The main independent variable was knowledge about COVID-19, which was assessed using a six-item questionnaire. The dependent variables were COVID-19 vaccine uptake and COVID-19 booster vaccine uptake. The mediating variable was respondent's willingness to receive a COVID-19 vaccine. Linear regression was used to examine factors associated with knowledge about COVID-19. Logistic regression was employed to examine the association of knowledge about COVID-19 with vaccine uptake. Generalized structural equation modeling (GSEM) was performed to examine whether willingness to receive a vaccine mediated the association between knowledge about COVID-19 and vaccination uptake. Findings The percentage of respondents who reported having received at least one dose of a COVID-19 vaccine was 94.8%, while the percentage of those who reported having received at least three doses was 88.5%. These numbers are higher than the national average for COVID-19 vaccine and booster vaccine uptake. Most respondents answered about four of six knowledge items correctly (M = 4.60, SD = 1.1). Among respondents who had not received a vaccine, 83.1% expressed willingness to receive a vaccine when it became available to them. Older, more educated, employed respondents, and those with higher economic status, demonstrated more accurate knowledge about COVID-19 than younger, less educated, unemployed respondents and those with lower economic status. Respondents who demonstrated more accurate knowledge about COVID-19 were more likely to have received a vaccine (OR = 1.528, 95% CI = 1.428-1.634) and a booster vaccine (OR = 1.260, 95% CI = 1.196-1.328). Willingness to receive a vaccine mediated the association between knowledge about COVID-19 and vaccine uptake (coef. = 0.426, 95% CI = 0.379-0.473). Implications Interventions and public health programs aiming to improve knowledge about COVID-19 can be implemented to improve individual willingness to receive COVID-19 vaccination and to improve COVID-19 vaccine uptake among the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujarwoto Sujarwoto
- Department of Public Administration, Faculty of Administrative Science, Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Asri Maharani
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health and Education, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
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Wang H, Liu L, Wu T. Effectiveness of inactivated COVID-19 vaccine against the severity of Omicron variant. Front Med 2023; 17:576-580. [PMID: 37365449 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-023-0991-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wang
- Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Li Liu
- Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Tangchun Wu
- Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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Asriadi, Mutiarin D. Comparison of Achievements in the Implementation of COVID-19 Vaccination in Five Provinces to Establish Herd Immunity in Indonesia in the Perspective of the New Public Service. Viral Immunol 2023; 36:318-330. [PMID: 37204316 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2022.0136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aims to analyze the achievements of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) vaccination in five provinces in Indonesia, North Maluku, West Sulawesi, Maluku, West Papua, and Papua. Furthermore, to establish herd immunity in the new normal perspective. Vaccination is important because it is an effective way to build immunity. This method uses qualitative research with a Qualitative Data Analysis Software (QDAS) approach. The source of data was obtained from the official website of the government, the ministry of health, in the category of areas with low vaccination achievement, and data were also obtained by capturing news in credible official media to find the cause of the low vaccination rate in the community. The data analyst uses NVivo12 software to code and visualizes data in graphs, images, and word clouds. The findings of this study indicate that in five provinces in Indonesia, North Maluku (68%), West Sulawesi (76%), Maluku (66%), West Papua (62%), and Papua (41%), the achievement of vaccination implementation is still relatively low. Due to doubts in the community about the status of the vaccine, information and communication education from the government have not been optimal; the environment and geography vary, so it becomes an obstacle in carrying out vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asriadi
- Government Affairs and Administration, Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Dyah Mutiarin
- Government Affairs and Administration, Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
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Woodward M, Ramasubramanian V, Kamarulzaman A, Tantawichien T, Wang M, Song JY, Choi WS, Djauzi S, Solante R, Lee WS, Tateda K, Pan H, Wang NC, Pang T. Addressing Unmet Needs in Vaccination for Older Adults in the Asia Pacific: Insights from the COVID-19 Pandemic. Clin Interv Aging 2023; 18:869-880. [PMID: 37284594 PMCID: PMC10239646 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s406601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The impact of vaccinating the older population against vaccine-preventable diseases in terms of health, social and economic benefits has been increasingly recognised. However, there is a gap in the utilisation of vaccines worldwide. The population is ageing at an unprecedented pace in the Asia-Pacific (APAC) region, with the number of persons older than 65 years set to double by 2050 to around 1.3 billion. More than 18% of the population in Japan, Hong Kong, and China is over the age of 65 years. This highlights the importance of prioritising resources to address societal obligations toward the needs of the ageing generation. This review provides an overview of the challenges to adult vaccination in APAC, drivers to increase vaccination coverage, vaccination insights gained through the COVID-19 pandemic, and potential measures to increase the uptake of adult vaccines in the region.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Adeeba Kamarulzaman
- Department of Medicine, University Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Terapong Tantawichien
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Minggui Wang
- Institute of Antibiotics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, SH, People’s Republic of China
| | - Joon Young Song
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Won Suk Choi
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Korean University College of Medicine, Ansan, Korea
| | - Samsuridjal Djauzi
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Rontgene Solante
- Adult Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, San Lazaro Hospital, Manila, NCR, Philippines
| | - Wen-Sen Lee
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, New Taipei City Hospital, New Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kazuhiko Tateda
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Toho University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - HongXing Pan
- Institution of Vaccine Clinical Trials, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, JS, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ning-Chi Wang
- Department of Medicine, Tri-Service Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tikki Pang
- Centre for Behavioural and Implementation Science Interventions, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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Huang Y, Zhang L, Fu J, Wu Y, Wang H, Xiao W, Xin Y, Dai Z, Si M, Chen X, Jia M, Leng Z, Cui D, Su X. COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy among Patients Recovered from COVID-19 Infection in Wuhan, China: A Cross-Sectional Questionnaire Study. JMIR Public Health Surveill 2023. [PMID: 37247615 DOI: 10.2196/42958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although patients recovered from COVID-19 infection already have immunity gained from natural infection, they are still at risk of reinfection due to the emergence of new variants of COVID-19 and the diminishing of naturally acquired immunity. COVID-19 vaccine is associated with efficacious protection against COVID-19 infection and could boost infection-acquired immunity, however, certain amounts of COVID-19 survivors have not been vaccinated due to vaccine hesitancy. OBJECTIVE The current study aimed to investigate COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and related factors among COVID-19 survivors. METHODS A cross-sectional questionnaire survey was conducted among patients recovered from COVID-19 infection in Wuhan, China between June 10 and July 25, 2021. Questionnaire included sociodemographic information, items on COVID-19 infection, the COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy scale based on the 3Cs' model, trust in vaccine manufacturers and health facilities, and reasons for the decision to COVID-19 vaccination. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to assess the influenced factors of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy. RESULTS Among 1422 participants, 538 (37.8%) were not vaccinated against COVID-19. COVID-19 recovered patients who perceived current unhealthy status had more hesitancy about COVID-19 vaccine than those who perceived themselves healthy (OR 0.45, 95% CI 0.28-0.71). Compared to the asymptomatic patients, patients with mild symptoms were more likely to receive COVID-19 vaccine (OR 1.67, 95% CI 1.02-2.82). Regarding the 3Cs' model, high complacency and low convenience were significant negative factors for COVID-19 vaccination (P<.05). Trust in vaccine manufacturers and health facilities was a significant positive factor for COVID-19 vaccination (OR 1.14, 95% CI 1.09-1.19). "Self-needs" was the main reason for patients to receive the COVID-19 vaccine; "already have antibodies and do not need vaccination" was the main reason for patients not to receive the COVID-19 vaccine. CONCLUSIONS Among the three major factors of vaccine hesitancy, complacency was proved the most notable one among COVID-19 recovered patients, educational campaigns can focus on raising the awareness of risk of infection and the benefits of vaccination to reduce complacency toward vaccination among them. For COVID-19 recovered patients, improving factors related to convenience such as transportation and environment of vaccination and proving door-to-door service were also necessary to facilitate their vaccination. In addition, addressing the concerns about vaccination of COVID-19 recovered patients could foster trust and promote their vaccination. CLINICALTRIAL
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiman Huang
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 31 BeiJiGe San Tiao, Dongcheng District, Beijing, CN
| | - Ling Zhang
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 31 BeiJiGe San Tiao, Dongcheng District, Beijing, CN
| | - Jiaqi Fu
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 31 BeiJiGe San Tiao, Dongcheng District, Beijing, CN
| | - Yijin Wu
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 31 BeiJiGe San Tiao, Dongcheng District, Beijing, CN
| | - Hao Wang
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 31 BeiJiGe San Tiao, Dongcheng District, Beijing, CN
| | - Weijun Xiao
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 31 BeiJiGe San Tiao, Dongcheng District, Beijing, CN
| | - You Xin
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 31 BeiJiGe San Tiao, Dongcheng District, Beijing, CN
| | - Zhenwei Dai
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 31 BeiJiGe San Tiao, Dongcheng District, Beijing, CN
| | - Mingyu Si
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 31 BeiJiGe San Tiao, Dongcheng District, Beijing, CN
| | - Xu Chen
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 31 BeiJiGe San Tiao, Dongcheng District, Beijing, CN
| | - Mengmeng Jia
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 31 BeiJiGe San Tiao, Dongcheng District, Beijing, CN
| | - Zhiwei Leng
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 31 BeiJiGe San Tiao, Dongcheng District, Beijing, CN
| | - Dan Cui
- National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, CN
| | - Xiaoyou Su
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 31 BeiJiGe San Tiao, Dongcheng District, Beijing, CN
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Rahadi DA, Yusri E, Putra SP, Semiarty R, Pertiwi D, Ilmiawati C. COVID-19 Vaccination and Clinical Outcomes at a Secondary Referral Hospital During the Delta Variant-dominant Period in West Sumatra, Indonesia. J Prev Med Public Health 2023; 56:221-230. [PMID: 37287199 DOI: 10.3961/jpmph.23.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The second wave of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases in Indonesia, during which the Delta variant predominated, took place after a vaccination program had been initiated in the country. This study was conducted to assess the impact of COVID-19 vaccination on unfavorable clinical outcomes including hospitalization, severe COVID-19, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, and death using a real-world model. METHODS This single-center retrospective cohort study involved patients with COVID-19 aged ≥18 years who presented to the COVID-19 emergency room at a secondary referral teaching hospital between June 1, 2021 and August 31, 2021. We used a binary logistic regression model to assess the effect of COVID-19 vaccination on unfavorable clinical outcomes, with age, sex, and comorbidities as confounding variables. RESULTS A total of 716 patients were included, 32.1% of whom were vaccinated. The elderly participants (≥65 years) had the lowest vaccine coverage among age groups. Vaccination had an effectiveness of 50% (95% confidence interval [CI], 25 to 66) for preventing hospitalization, 97% (95% CI, 77 to 99) for preventing severe COVID-19, 95% (95% CI, 56 to 99) for preventing ICU admission, and 90% (95% CI, 22 to 99) for preventing death. Interestingly, patients with type 2 diabetes had a 2-fold to 4-fold elevated risk of unfavorable outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Among adults, COVID-19 vaccination has a moderate preventive impact on hospitalization but a high preventive impact on severe COVID-19, ICU admission, and death. The authors suggest that relevant parties increase COVID-19 vaccination coverage, especially in the elderly population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Didan Ariadapa Rahadi
- Undergraduate Program of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Andalas, Padang, Indonesia
| | - Elfira Yusri
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Undergraduate Program of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Andalas, Padang, Indonesia
| | - Syandrez Prima Putra
- Department of Microbiology, Undergraduate Program of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Andalas, Padang, Indonesia
- Center for Infectious Disease Diagnostic and Research (PDRPI), Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Andalas, Padang, Indonesia
| | - Rima Semiarty
- Department of Public Health, Undergraduate Program of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Andalas, Padang, Indonesia
- Doctoral Program of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Andalas, Padang, Indonesia
| | - Dian Pertiwi
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Undergraduate Program of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Andalas, Padang, Indonesia
| | - Cimi Ilmiawati
- Doctoral Program of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Andalas, Padang, Indonesia
- Department of Pharmacology, Undergraduate Program of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Andalas, Padang, Indonesia
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COVID-19 Vaccination Program Data Analysis Based on Regional Status and Day Type: A Study from West Java Province, Indonesia. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:healthcare11050772. [PMID: 36900777 PMCID: PMC10001228 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11050772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccination is a strategy to control the COVID-19 pandemic and holds a crucial impact on global health. A better understanding of factors associated with vaccination is needed to establish a good vaccination program in a population. The purpose of this study is to analyze COVID-19 vaccination program data based on regional status and day type in the West Java Province of Indonesia and contribute to discovering other characteristics of the COVID-19 vaccination program. This study is a cross-sectional study using secondary data (N = 7922) from West Java's COVID-19 Information and Coordination Center (PIKOBAR) from January to November 2021. Independent t-test with an alternative non-parametric Mann-Whitney U test (p-value < 0.05) is used as a statistical test in this study. The result reported significant differences in vaccination coverage between the city area and the regency area (p < 0.001). Significant differences in vaccination on working day and holiday were also found in both settings (p < 0.001). Vaccination was confirmed to be higher in the city compared to the regency and decreased on holiday compared to the working day. In conclusion, factors linked to regional status and day type must be considered as important factors for developing and accelerating vaccination programs.
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