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Peng W, Wang F, Sun S, Sun Y, Chen J, Wang M. Does multidimensional daily information predict the onset of myopia? A 1-year prospective cohort study. Biomed Eng Online 2023; 22:45. [PMID: 37179307 PMCID: PMC10182351 DOI: 10.1186/s12938-023-01109-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to develop an interpretable machine learning model to predict the onset of myopia based on individual daily information. METHOD This study was a prospective cohort study. At baseline, non-myopia children aged 6-13 years old were recruited, and individual data were collected through interviewing students and parents. One year after baseline, the incidence of myopia was evaluated based on visual acuity test and cycloplegic refraction measurement. Five algorithms, Random Forest, Support Vector Machines, Gradient Boosting Decision Tree, CatBoost and Logistic Regression were utilized to develop different models and their performance was validated by area under curve (AUC). Shapley Additive exPlanations was applied to interpret the model output on the individual and global level. RESULT Of 2221 children, 260 (11.7%) developed myopia in 1 year. In univariable analysis, 26 features were associated with the myopia incidence. Catboost algorithm had the highest AUC of 0.951 in the model validation. The top 3 features for predicting myopia were parental myopia, grade and frequency of eye fatigue. A compact model using only 10 features was validated with an AUC of 0.891. CONCLUSION The daily information contributed reliable predictors for childhood's myopia onset. The interpretable Catboost model presented the best prediction performance. Oversampling technology greatly improved model performance. This model could be a tool in myopia preventing and intervention that can help identify children who are at risk of myopia, and provide personalized prevention strategies based on contributions of risk factors to the individual prediction result.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Peng
- Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 350 Shushan Lake Road, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Fei Wang
- The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Shaoming Sun
- Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 350 Shushan Lake Road, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, China.
- CAS Hefei Institute of Technology Innovation, Hefei, 230088, China.
| | - Yining Sun
- Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 350 Shushan Lake Road, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, China
| | - Jingcheng Chen
- Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 350 Shushan Lake Road, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Mu Wang
- Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 350 Shushan Lake Road, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
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Tang J, Pei Y, Wang J, Yan N, Luo Y, Zhou W, Wang X, Wang W. The association between Chinese eye exercises and myopia in children and adolescents: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Public Health 2023; 11:950700. [PMID: 36969666 PMCID: PMC10036375 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.950700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
ObjectiveThis study aims to summarize the relevant evidence on the association between eye exercises and myopia in children and adolescents in China.MethodsThe meta-analysis pooled the results of 12 studies, with a total of 134,201 participants. Another five studies (no OR for myopia as an outcome and meeting inclusion criteria) were reported in the systematic review. We searched PubMed, Web of Science, CNKI, Wan Fang, and reference lists of retrieved studies. Association estimates were pooled using random-effects meta-analyses. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for eye exercises and myopia were pooled from a meta-analysis.ResultsAfter standardizing the reference values, a pooled OR of the univariate analysis showed a 24% reduction in myopia in children and adolescents who performed eye exercises (OR = 0.76; 95% CI: 0.62–0.89). After adjusting the covariate, a pooled OR of multiple logistic analysis for myopia (OR = 0.87; 95% CI: 0.72–1.02) showed that there is no significance between eye exercises and myopia. However, in subgroup studies of the multivariate analysis, the large sample (OR = 0.84; 95% CI: 0.74–0.94) and Chinese database (OR = 0.80; 95% CI: 0.67–0.93) subgroup showed modest protective effects. In addition, five studies in the systematic review also evaluated the risk of myopia events, and Chinese eye exercises had a modest protective effect on myopic control, but the incorrect performance of and attitude toward eye exercises posed negative effects on their eyesight health.ConclusionChinese eye exercises have a modest protective effect on myopic control, but considering that the incorrect performance of and attitude toward eye exercises have a significant influence on the effect of eye exercises, the effect of eye exercises may not be enough to prevent the progress of myopia in the long term, and more standardized eye exercises need to be conducted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Tang
- School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yifei Pei
- School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jingjing Wang
- School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Na Yan
- School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yunjiao Luo
- School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wen Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Xuzhou Municipal Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaojuan Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Xuzhou Municipal Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Xiaojuan Wang
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Human Genetics and Environmental Medicine, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Engineering Research Innovation Center of Biological Data Mining and Healthcare Transformation, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- *Correspondence: Wei Wang
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Huang J, Dang H, Cai Y, Liu J, Chen Q. Myopia and Depression among Middle School Students in China-Is There a Mediating Role for Wearing Eyeglasses? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:13031. [PMID: 36293602 PMCID: PMC9602404 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192013031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Compared with non-myopic students, myopic students face more barriers to learning (e.g., inability to see the blackboard clearly) and socializing (e.g., being victims of teasing, social exclusion and violence), which may lead to increased stress, anxiety and frustration. The high prevalence of myopia and depression among school-age children naturally raises a question of great policy relevance: are myopic students more vulnerable to mental health problems such as depression? This paper sheds some light on this question by analyzing data from the China Education Panel Survey, a large-scale survey of China's middle school students. Our analysis first quantifies the association between myopia and sample students' depression status (measured by the widely adopted CES-D scale) adjusted for potential confounding factors. We then explore whether the myopia-depression relationship is mediated by wearing eyeglasses, a cost-effective means of vision correction. Based on data on 19,299 middle school students, our analysis reveals that myopic students scored 0.12 standard deviations higher on the CES-D scale than their non-myopic counterparts. The adverse effect of myopia is more severe for relatively disadvantaged students: older students (who are more likely to suffer from both myopia and depression), lower-performing students and students from poorer families. Further medication analysis shows that wearing eyeglasses suppresses the myopia-depression relationship but cannot completely offset the adverse effect of myopia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juerong Huang
- College of Economics and Management, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Hongjing Dang
- College of Economics and Management, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yan Cai
- College of Economics and Management, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Juan Liu
- College of Economics and Management, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Qihui Chen
- Beijing Food Safety Policy and Strategy Research Base, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
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Zhou Y, Huang XB, Cao X, Wang M, Jin NX, Gong YX, Xiong YJ, Cai Q, Zhu Y, Song Y, Sun ZM. Prevalence of Myopia and Influencing Factors among High School Students in Nantong, China: A Cross-Sectional Study. Ophthalmic Res 2022; 66:27-38. [PMID: 35500560 DOI: 10.1159/000524293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Myopia is an increasingly serious health problem in China. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of myopia and the factors associated with it among students in Nantong, China, to show the current status of myopia prevention. METHODS This school-based, cross-sectional study examined students from all high schools in an urban area of Nantong, China. At least two classes were randomly selected from each grade of each school. A self-reported questionnaire was used to collect the required information. Univariate analyses were performed to identify associations between myopia and various parameters. Noncycloplegic autorefraction and visual acuity were assessed for each student. Factors that were statistically significant in univariate analyses were selected for multivariate analyses. Myopia was defined as a spherical equivalent refraction of ≤-0.5 diopters. RESULTS The completion percentage of students out of the whole high school was 6.5%. The overall prevalence of myopia was 94%. The response percentage of the number of validated questionnaires was 90.2%, of which 50.2% (n = 1,466) were from male participants, and 49.8% (n = 1,452) were from female participants. The mean (SD) of age was 15.22 ± 1.75 years, ranging from 12 to 18 years. Factors such as female sex, older age, parental myopia, sitting in the back of the classroom, increased homework time, and minimal outdoor activity were significantly associated with a higher risk of myopia (p < 0.05). In the myopic population, most students (67.9%) did not take measures to prevent further progression of myopia. CONCLUSION The prevalence of myopia among high school students was 94%. Female sex, older age, parental myopia, sitting in the back of the classroom, increased homework time, and minimal outdoor activity were significantly associated with a higher risk of myopia. Most students with myopia (67.9%) did not take measures to prevent further progression of myopia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Xiao Bo Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Xin Cao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Nan Xi Jin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Ye Xun Gong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yao Jia Xiong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Qi Cai
- Department of Ophthalmology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yan Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yu Song
- Department of Ophthalmology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Zhi Min Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
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