1
|
Shiri Aghbash P, Shirvaliloo M, Khalo Abass Kasho A, Alinezhad F, Nauwynck H, Bannazadeh Baghi H. Cluster of differentiation frequency on antigen presenting-cells: The next step to cervical cancer prognosis? Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 108:108896. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.108896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
2
|
Cheng YK, Kuo SH, Yen HH, Wu JH, Chen YC, Huang MY. The prognostic significance of pretreatment squamous cell carcinoma antigen levels in cervical cancer patients treated by concurrent chemoradiation therapy and a comparison of dosimetric outcomes and clinical toxicities between tomotherapy and volumetric modulated arc therapy. Radiat Oncol 2022; 17:91. [PMID: 35549962 PMCID: PMC9097430 DOI: 10.1186/s13014-022-02063-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To analyze the prognostic factors associated with stage IB-IVA cervical cancer in patients who underwent concurrent chemoradiation therapy (CCRT) and to compare the clinical toxicities and dosimetric parameters of organs at risk between the different radiotherapy techniques. Methods This retrospective study enrolled 93 patients with stage IB-IVA cervical cancer who underwent definitive CCRT between April 2009 and December 2017. Nine patients (9.7%) received 3DCRT, 43 patients (46.2%) underwent VMAT, and 41 patients (44.1%) received tomotherapy, and all of them followed by brachytherapy using a 2D planning technique. The treatment outcomes and related prognostic factors were analyzed. We also compared the clinical toxicities and dosimetric parameters between the different techniques used for the last 30 patients. Results With a median follow-up of 52.0 months, the 5-year overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), locoregional recurrence–free survival (LRRFS), and distant metastases–free survival (DMFS) were analyzed. In a Cox proportional hazards regression model, pretreatment SCC Ag > 10 ng/mL was a significant prognostic factor for PFS (hazard ratio [HR] 2.20; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.03–4.70; P = 0.041), LRRFS (HR, 3.48; 95% CI 1.07–11.26; P = 0.038), and DMFS (HR 2.80; 95% CI 1.02–7.67; P = 0.045). Increasing the rectal volume receiving a radiation dose exceeding 30 Gy (V30 of rectum; odds ratio [OR] 1.15; 95% CI 1.10–1.30; P = 0.03) was associated with a higher possibility of ≥ Grade 2 acute radiation therapy (RT)-related diarrhea. The median rectal V30 values were 56.4%, 97.5%, and 86.5% for tomotherapy, 3-dimensional conformal radiation therapy (3DCRT), and volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT), respectively (P < 0.001). In addition, the chance of experiencing ≥ Grade 2 acute diarrhea were 10.0%, 66.7%, and 54.5% for tomotherapy, 3DCRT, and VMAT, respectively (P = 0.029). Conclusions Patients with pretreatment SCC Ag ≤ 10 ng/mL have better PFS, LRRFS, and DMFS than those with pretreatment SCC Ag > 10 ng/mL. The rectal V30 is a significant predictor of severe acute diarrhea. Tomotherapy significantly decreased the rectal V30, reducing the severity of acute RT-related diarrhea during external beam RT. Trial registration This study was approved by the institutional review board at Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital. The registration number is KMUHIRB-E(I)-20190054 and retrospectively registered on 2019/3.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Kai Cheng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Hsun Kuo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Heng-Hsuan Yen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Hu Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chieh Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Yii Huang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. .,Cancer Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. .,Department of Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. .,Department of Radiation Oncology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, No. 100 Tzyou 1st Road, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Larionova I, Rakina M, Ivanyuk E, Trushchuk Y, Chernyshova A, Denisov E. Radiotherapy resistance: identifying universal biomarkers for various human cancers. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2022; 148:1015-1031. [PMID: 35113235 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-022-03923-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Radiotherapy (RT) is considered as a standard in the treatment of most solid cancers, including glioblastoma, lung, breast, rectal, prostate, colorectal, cervical, esophageal, and head and neck cancers. The main challenge in RT is tumor cell radioresistance associated with a high risk of locoregional relapse and distant metastasis. Despite significant progress in understanding mechanisms of radioresistance, its prediction and overcoming remain unresolved. This review presents the state-of-the-art for the potential universal biomarkers correlated to the radioresistance and poor outcome in different cancers. We describe radioresistance biomarkers functionally attributed to DNA repair, signal transduction, hypoxia, and angiogenesis. We also focus on high throughput genetic and proteomic studies, which revealed a set of molecular biomarkers related to radioresistance. In conclusion, we discuss biomarkers which are overlapped in most several cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irina Larionova
- Laboratory of Cancer Progression Biology, Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, 634009, Tomsk, Russia.
| | - Militsa Rakina
- Laboratory of Translational Cellular and Molecular Biomedicine, National Research Tomsk State University, Tomsk, 634050, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Elena Ivanyuk
- Laboratory of Cancer Progression Biology, Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, 634009, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Yulia Trushchuk
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, 634009, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Alena Chernyshova
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, 634009, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Evgeny Denisov
- Laboratory of Cancer Progression Biology, Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, 634009, Tomsk, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Fu Z, Mowday AM, Smaill JB, Hermans IF, Patterson AV. Tumour Hypoxia-Mediated Immunosuppression: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Approaches to Improve Cancer Immunotherapy. Cells 2021; 10:1006. [PMID: 33923305 PMCID: PMC8146304 DOI: 10.3390/cells10051006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The magnitude of the host immune response can be regulated by either stimulatory or inhibitory immune checkpoint molecules. Receptor-ligand binding between inhibitory molecules is often exploited by tumours to suppress anti-tumour immune responses. Immune checkpoint inhibitors that block these inhibitory interactions can relieve T-cells from negative regulation, and have yielded remarkable activity in the clinic. Despite this success, clinical data reveal that durable responses are limited to a minority of patients and malignancies, indicating the presence of underlying resistance mechanisms. Accumulating evidence suggests that tumour hypoxia, a pervasive feature of many solid cancers, is a critical phenomenon involved in suppressing the anti-tumour immune response generated by checkpoint inhibitors. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms associated with hypoxia-mediate immunosuppression and focus on modulating tumour hypoxia as an approach to improve immunotherapy responsiveness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Fu
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Wellington 6042, New Zealand; (Z.F.); (I.F.H.)
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Auckland, University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand; (A.M.M.); (J.B.S.)
| | - Alexandra M. Mowday
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Auckland, University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand; (A.M.M.); (J.B.S.)
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Jeff B. Smaill
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Auckland, University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand; (A.M.M.); (J.B.S.)
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Ian F. Hermans
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Wellington 6042, New Zealand; (Z.F.); (I.F.H.)
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Auckland, University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand; (A.M.M.); (J.B.S.)
| | - Adam V. Patterson
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Auckland, University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand; (A.M.M.); (J.B.S.)
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
An Overview of Advances in Cell-Based Cancer Immunotherapies Based on the Multiple Immune-Cancer Cell Interactions. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2097:139-171. [PMID: 31776925 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0203-4_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Tumors have a complex ecosystem in which behavior and fate are determined by the interaction of diverse cancerous and noncancerous cells at local and systemic levels. A number of studies indicate that various immune cells participate in tumor development (Fig. 1). In this review, we will discuss interactions among T lymphocytes (T cells), B cells, natural killer (NK) cells, dendritic cells (DCs), tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), neutrophils, and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). In addition, we will touch upon attempts to either use or block subsets of immune cells to target cancer.
Collapse
|
6
|
Steinberger KJ, Forget MA, Bobko AA, Mihalik NE, Gencheva M, Roda JM, Cole SL, Mo X, Hoblitzell EH, Evans R, Gross AC, Moldovan L, Marsh CB, Khramstov VV, Eubank TD. Hypoxia-Inducible Factor α Subunits Regulate Tie2-Expressing Macrophages That Influence Tumor Oxygen and Perfusion in Murine Breast Cancer. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2020; 205:2301-2311. [PMID: 32938724 PMCID: PMC7596922 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Tie2-expressing monocytes/macrophages (TEMs) are a distinct subset of proangiogenic monocytes selectively recruited to tumors in breast cancer. Because of the hypoxic nature of solid tumors, we investigated if oxygen, via hypoxia-inducible transcription factors HIF-1α and HIF-2α, regulates TEM function in the hypoxic tumor microenvironment. We orthotopically implanted PyMT breast tumor cells into the mammary fat pads of syngeneic LysMcre, HIF-1α fl/fl /LysMcre, or HIF-2α fl/fl /LysMcre mice and evaluated the tumor TEM population. There was no difference in the percentage of tumor macrophages among the mouse groups. In contrast, HIF-1α fl/fl /LysMcre mice had a significantly smaller percentage of tumor TEMs compared with control and HIF-2α fl/fl /LysMcre mice. Proangiogenic TEMs in macrophage HIF-2α-deficient tumors presented significantly more CD31+ microvessel density but exacerbated hypoxia and tissue necrosis. Reduced numbers of proangiogenic TEMs in macrophage HIF-1α-deficient tumors presented significantly less microvessel density but tumor vessels that were more functional as lectin injection revealed more perfusion, and functional electron paramagnetic resonance analysis revealed more oxygen in those tumors. Macrophage HIF-1α-deficient tumors also responded significantly to chemotherapy. These data introduce a previously undescribed and counterintuitive prohypoxia role for proangiogenic TEMs in breast cancer which is, in part, suppressed by HIF-2α.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kayla J Steinberger
- In Vivo Multifunctional Magnetic Resonance Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506
- Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506
| | - Mary A Forget
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
- Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Andrey A Bobko
- Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506
- West Virginia University Cancer Institute, Morgantown, WV 26506
| | - Nicole E Mihalik
- Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506
- West Virginia University Cancer Institute, Morgantown, WV 26506
| | - Marieta Gencheva
- In Vivo Multifunctional Magnetic Resonance Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506
- Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506
| | - Julie M Roda
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Sara L Cole
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
- Campus Microscopy and Imaging Facility, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Xiaokui Mo
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
- Center for Biostatistics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210; and
| | - E Hannah Hoblitzell
- In Vivo Multifunctional Magnetic Resonance Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506
- Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506
| | - Randall Evans
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Amy C Gross
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Leni Moldovan
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Clay B Marsh
- Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506
| | - Valery V Khramstov
- In Vivo Multifunctional Magnetic Resonance Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506
- Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506
- West Virginia University Cancer Institute, Morgantown, WV 26506
- Department of Biochemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506
| | - Timothy D Eubank
- In Vivo Multifunctional Magnetic Resonance Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506;
- Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506
- West Virginia University Cancer Institute, Morgantown, WV 26506
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Jiang L, Xia Y, Zhong T, Zhang H, Jin Q, Li F, Shi S. HIF2A overexpression reduces cisplatin sensitivity in cervical cancer by inducing excessive autophagy. Transl Cancer Res 2020; 9:75-84. [PMID: 35117160 PMCID: PMC8797276 DOI: 10.21037/tcr.2019.11.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Background Hypoxia-induced autophagy is a crucial factor that induces chemotherapy resistance in tumor cells. As a key regulator facilitating the adaptation of solid tumors to hypoxia, the role of hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) in regulating hypoxia-induced chemotherapy resistance and autophagy has been extensively studied. However, the majority of studies have mainly focused on HIF-1. Direct evidence concerning the role of HIF2A in cisplatin resistance is sparse, and its underlying mechanism is not yet known. Methods Animal models were constructed by subcutaneously injecting cervical cancer cells stably overexpressing HIF2A (LV-HIF2A) with or without intraperitoneal injection of cisplatin. Tumor size and weight were evaluated to determine tumor growth. Apoptosis was detected by TUNEL assay and protein expression by western blotting. Results Nude mice injected with cells overexpressing HIF2A showed larger and heavier tumors than those in mice injected with negative control lentivirus (LV-NC)-infected cells, with or without cisplatin. Fewer apoptotic cells were noted in tumor tissues from the LV-HIF2A group than from the LV-NC group, with or without cisplatin. Additionally, expression of the anti-apoptotic protein, B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL2), and autophagy-related proteins, beclin 1 and autophagy related 5 (ATG5), were found to be higher in the LV-HIF2A group than in the LV-NC group, regardless of cisplatin treatment. Moreover, expression of the pro-apoptotic protein, BCL2-associated X (BAX), was lower in tumor tissues from the LV-HIF2A group than from the LV-NC group. Effect of HIF2A overexpression on cisplatin sensitivity was found to be alleviated in vivo by the autophagy inhibitor, 3-methyladenine (3-MA). Conclusions HIF2A overexpression promoted tumor growth and autophagy but suppressed apoptosis in vivo, with or without cisplatin. The HIF2A overexpression-affected cisplatin sensitivity was alleviated by 3-MA. Therefore, we suggest that HIF2A overexpression reduces cisplatin sensitivity in cervical cancer by inducing excessive autophagy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lixia Jiang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Yu Xia
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Tianyu Zhong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Huijuan Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Qing Jin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Shaohua Shi
- Department of Information Technology, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Chapman NM, Shrestha S, Chi H. Metabolism in Immune Cell Differentiation and Function. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1011:1-85. [PMID: 28875486 DOI: 10.1007/978-94-024-1170-6_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The immune system is a central determinant of organismal health. Functional immune responses require quiescent immune cells to rapidly grow, proliferate, and acquire effector functions when they sense infectious agents or other insults. Specialized metabolic programs are critical regulators of immune responses, and alterations in immune metabolism can cause immunological disorders. There has thus been growing interest in understanding how metabolic processes control immune cell functions under normal and pathophysiological conditions. In this chapter, we summarize how metabolic programs are tuned and what the physiological consequences of metabolic reprogramming are as they relate to immune cell homeostasis, differentiation, and function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole M Chapman
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Sharad Shrestha
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Hongbo Chi
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Yang M, McKay D, Pollard JW, Lewis CE. Diverse Functions of Macrophages in Different Tumor Microenvironments. Cancer Res 2018; 78:5492-5503. [PMID: 30206177 PMCID: PMC6171744 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-18-1367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 280] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages are a major constituent of malignant tumors and are known to stimulate key steps in tumor progression. In our review in this journal in 2006, we postulated that functionally distinct subsets of these cells exist in different areas within solid tumors. Here, we review the many experimental and clinical studies conducted since then to investigate the function(s), regulation, and clinical significance of macrophages in these sites. The latter include three sites of cancer cell invasion, tumor nests, the tumor stroma, and areas close to, or distant from, the tumor vasculature. A more complete understanding of macrophage diversity in tumors could lead to the development of more selective therapies to restore the formidable, anticancer functions of these cells. Cancer Res; 78(19); 5492-503. ©2018 AACR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming Yang
- Department of Oncology & Metabolism, University of Sheffield Medical School, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel McKay
- Department of Oncology & Metabolism, University of Sheffield Medical School, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Jeffrey W Pollard
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Claire E Lewis
- Department of Oncology & Metabolism, University of Sheffield Medical School, Sheffield, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Araos J, Sleeman JP, Garvalov BK. The role of hypoxic signalling in metastasis: towards translating knowledge of basic biology into novel anti-tumour strategies. Clin Exp Metastasis 2018; 35:563-599. [DOI: 10.1007/s10585-018-9930-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
11
|
Jiang L, Shi S, Shi Q, Zhang H, Hu R, Wang M. Similarity in the functions of HIF-1α and HIF-2α proteins in cervical cancer cells. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:5643-5651. [PMID: 29098039 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.6837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is a common feature of many solid tumours, including cervical cancer. Aggressive tumour progression is mostly associated with hypoxia. Furthermore, hypoxic conditions in tumours are also associated with resistance to chemotherapy and radiation, and with poor prognosis. Hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)-1, composed of a constitutively expressed β-subunit (HIF-β/ARNT) and one of the three known oxygen-regulated α-subunits, HIF-1α, HIF-2α, or HIF-3α, mediates the tumour cell response to hypoxia. The distinction between the roles of HIF-1α and HIF-2α in tumorigenesis is not clearly delineated. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of HIF-2α on the characteristics of a cervical cancer cell line and to compare the functions of HIF-1α and HIF-2α. The present study demonstrated that the levels of HIF-1α and HIF-2α expression increased under hypoxic exposure compared with normoxia. The major difference was the temporal expression of HIF-1α and HIF-2α, with expression of the two proteins peaking at different time-points. In addition, HIF-1α and HIF-2α had similar effects on proliferation, cell cycle and apoptosis. Suppression of expression of HIF-1α or HIF-2α inhibited proliferation, induced G1-phase arrest and promoted apoptosis in the cervical cancer cell line CaSki. However, the effects of HIF-1α and HIF-2α on invasion and cell autophagy were different. The inhibitory effect of HIF-1α on cell invasion was stronger compared with HIF-2α, while the inhibitory effect of HIF-1α on cell autophagy was weaker compared with HIF-2α. Together, these results demonstrate that HIF-1α and HIF-2α have similar effects on the characteristics of a cervical cancer cell line. The major difference that the authors observed between the effects exerted by the two proteins on the cervical cancer cell line studied is the extent of their effect on invasion and autophagy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lixia Jiang
- Department of Clinical Examination, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, P.R. China
| | - Shaohua Shi
- Department of Clinical Examination, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, P.R. China
| | - Qiaofa Shi
- Department of Immunology, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Huijuan Zhang
- Department of Clinical Examination, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, P.R. China
| | - Rong Hu
- Department of Clinical Examination, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, P.R. China
| | - Meizhen Wang
- Department of Medicine, Nanchang University Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Wu Q, Allouch A, Martins I, Modjtahedi N, Deutsch E, Perfettini JL. Macrophage biology plays a central role during ionizing radiation-elicited tumor response. Biomed J 2017; 40:200-211. [PMID: 28918908 PMCID: PMC6136289 DOI: 10.1016/j.bj.2017.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Revised: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 06/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation therapy is one of the major therapeutic modalities for most solid tumors. The anti-tumor effect of radiation therapy consists of the direct tumor cell killing, as well as the modulation of tumor microenvironment and the activation of immune response against tumors. Radiation therapy has been shown to promote immunogenic cells death, activate dendritic cells and enhance tumor antigen presentation and anti-tumor T cell activation. Radiation therapy also programs innate immune cells such as macrophages that leads to either radiosensitization or radioresistance, according to different tumors and different radiation regimen studied. The mechanisms underlying radiation-induced macrophage activation remain largely elusive. Various molecular players such as NF-κB, MAPKs, p53, reactive oxygen species, inflammasomes have been involved in these processes. The skewing to a pro-inflammatory phenotype thus results in the activation of anti-tumor immune response and enhanced radiotherapy effect. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of the mechanism of radiation-induced macrophage activation and its role in tumor response to radiation therapy is crucial for the development of new therapeutic strategies to enhance radiation therapy efficacy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiuji Wu
- Cell Death and Aging Team, Gystave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France; Laboratory of Molecular Radiotherapy, INSERM U1030, Gystave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France; Gystave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France; Université Paris Sud - Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France; Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Hubei, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Hubei, China
| | - Awatef Allouch
- Cell Death and Aging Team, Gystave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France; Laboratory of Molecular Radiotherapy, INSERM U1030, Gystave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France; Gystave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France; Université Paris Sud - Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Isabelle Martins
- Cell Death and Aging Team, Gystave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France; Laboratory of Molecular Radiotherapy, INSERM U1030, Gystave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France; Gystave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France; Université Paris Sud - Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Nazanine Modjtahedi
- Cell Death and Aging Team, Gystave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France; Laboratory of Molecular Radiotherapy, INSERM U1030, Gystave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France; Gystave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France; Université Paris Sud - Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Eric Deutsch
- Laboratory of Molecular Radiotherapy, INSERM U1030, Gystave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France; Gystave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France; Université Paris Sud - Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Jean-Luc Perfettini
- Cell Death and Aging Team, Gystave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France; Laboratory of Molecular Radiotherapy, INSERM U1030, Gystave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France; Gystave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France; Université Paris Sud - Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Leukocytes and especially macrophages are a major cellular constituent of the tumor mass. The tumor microenvironment not only determines their activity but in turn these cells also contribute to tumor initiation and progression. Recent Advances: Proinflammatory stimulated macrophages upregulate inducible nitric oxide synthase (NOS2) and produce high steady-state NO concentrations. NO provokes tumor cell death by initiating apoptosis and/or necrosis. Mechanisms may comprise p53 accumulation, immunestimulatory activities, and an increased efficacy of chemo- and/or radiotherapy. However, the potential cytotoxic activity of macrophages often is compromised in the tumor microenvironment and instead a protumor activity of macrophages dominates. Contributing factors are signals generated by viable and dying tumor cells, attraction and activation of myeloid-derived suppressor cells, and hypoxia. Limited oxygen availability not only attenuates NOS2 activity but also causes accumulation of hypoxia-inducible factors 1 and 2 (HIF-1/HIF-2). Activation of the HIF system is tightly linked to NO formation and affects the expression of macrophage phenotype markers that in turn add to tumor progression. CRITICAL ISSUES To make use of the cytotoxic arsenal of activated macrophages directed against tumor cells, it will be critical to understand how, when, and where these innate immune responses are blocked and whether it will be possible to reinstall their full capacity to kill tumor cells. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Low-dose irradiation or proinflammatory activation of macrophages in the tumor microenvironment may open options to boost NOS2 expression and activity and to initiate immunestimulatory features of NO that may help to restrict tumor growth. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 26, 1023-1043.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard Brüne
- Institute of Biochemistry I-Pathobiochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt , Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Nadine Courtial
- Institute of Biochemistry I-Pathobiochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt , Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Nathalie Dehne
- Institute of Biochemistry I-Pathobiochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt , Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Shahzad N Syed
- Institute of Biochemistry I-Pathobiochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt , Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Andreas Weigert
- Institute of Biochemistry I-Pathobiochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt , Frankfurt, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Expression of HIF-2α and VEGF in Cervical Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Its Clinical Significance. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:5631935. [PMID: 27413748 PMCID: PMC4931080 DOI: 10.1155/2016/5631935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
CSCC is a systemic disease involving polygenic alteration and multiple steps, and HIF and VEGF are closely associated with tumorigenesis. Specimens surgically resected from 64 cases of CSCC and 22 cases of normal cervical tissue were selected randomly to detect the expression of HIF-2α and VEGF in CSCC for exploring their clinical significance; information regarding the age, lymph node metastasis, and FIGO staging were collected as well; expression of HIF-2α and VEGF was detected by qPCR and immunohistochemistry. We found that the expression of HIF-2α and VEGF mRNA in CSCC was significantly higher than that of normal cervical tissues and showed a positive correlation between them. The positive rates of HIF-2α and VEGF protein expression in CSCC and normal cervical tissues were 93.8% and 18.2%, respectively, with correlation between them. The expression of both HIF-2α and VEGF mRNA did not relate closely to age but the FIGO staging and lymph node metastasis. Compared with the counterpart control group, CSCC tissues with high FIGO staging and lymph node metastasis had a higher level of HIF-2α and VEGF mRNA expression. So, HIF-2α and VEGF were overexpressed in CSCC, which has a great clinical significance for its diagnosis.
Collapse
|
15
|
Fu Z, Chen D, Cheng H, Wang F. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α protects cervical carcinoma cells from apoptosis induced by radiation via modulation of vascular endothelial growth factor and p53 under hypoxia. Med Sci Monit 2015; 21:318-25. [PMID: 25623525 PMCID: PMC4316866 DOI: 10.12659/msm.893265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of the study was to assess the role of irradiation in the expression of HIF-1α, VEGF, and P53 in human cervical carcinoma cells under a simulated hypoxia environment. Material/Methods The tetrazolium-based colorimetric cellular assay (MTT) and flow cytometry (FCM) were used to detect the growth inhibition rates of HeLa cells in different groups. Western blot and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) were used to observe gene and protein expression of HIF-1α, VEGF, and P53. The effect of HIF-1α on radioresistance and expression of VEGF and P53 were confirmed with the HIF-1α siRNA in vivo and in vitro. Results Hypoxic conditions enhanced the radiation resistance dependent on HIF-1α by elevating the expression of VEGF and inhibiting the expression of p53. After transfection of HIF-1α siRNA, MTT assay showed the survival rates were increased in the cells receiving irradiation under hypoxia. The expression of VEGF decreased significantly more than that of cells transfected with sense oligodeoxynucleotides, while an opposite result was found in the expression of P53 protein in the same X-ray dose (p<0.05). In vivo, the radioresistance of HIF-1α was consistent with the results in vitro. Conclusions In the future, we might inhibit human cervical cancer progression and enhance the radiosensitivity by inhibiting HIF-1α to reduce VEGF and increase P53 expression. The challenge is how to use this information to optimize cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhichao Fu
- Department of Radiology, Fuzhou General Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China (mainland)
| | - Dongsheng Chen
- Department of Anesthesia, Fuzhou General Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China (mainland)
| | - Huihua Cheng
- Department of Radiology, Fuzhou General Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China (mainland)
| | - Fengmei Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fuzhou General Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China (mainland)
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Kumar V, Gabrilovich DI. Hypoxia-inducible factors in regulation of immune responses in tumour microenvironment. Immunology 2015; 143:512-9. [PMID: 25196648 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 248] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2014] [Revised: 08/21/2014] [Accepted: 08/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is one of the hallmarks of the tumour microenvironment. It is the result of insufficient blood supply to support proliferating tumour cells. In response to hypoxia, the cellular machinery uses mechanisms whereby the low level of oxygen is sensed and counterbalanced by changing the transcription of numerous genes. Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIF) play a critical role in the regulation of cellular responses to hypoxia. In recent years ample evidence has indicated that HIF play a prominent role in tumour immune responses. Up-regulation of HIF1α promotes immune suppressive activity of myeloid-derived suppressive cells (MDSC) and tumour-associated macrophages (TAM) and rapid differentiation of MDSC to TAM. HIF1α does not affect MDSC differentiation to dendritic cells (DC) but instead causes DC activation. HIF inhibit effector functions of tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes. HIF1α inhibits regulatory T (Treg) cell development by switching the balance towards T helper type 17 cells. However, as a major part of Treg cell differentiation does not take place in the tumour site, a functionally more important role of HIF1α is in the promotion of Treg cell recruitment to the tumour site in response to chemokines. As a result, the presence of Treg cells inside tumours is increased. Hence, HIF play a largely negative role in the regulation of immune responses inside tumours. It appears that therapeutic strategies targeting HIF in the immune system could be beneficial for anti-tumour immune responses.
Collapse
|
17
|
Genome-wide identification of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 and -2 binding sites in hypoxic human macrophages alternatively activated by IL-10. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2014; 1849:10-22. [PMID: 25450522 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2014.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2014] [Revised: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 10/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages (MΦ) often accumulate in hypoxic areas, where they significantly influence disease progression. Anti-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-10, generate alternatively activated macrophages that support tumor growth. To understand how alternative activation affects the transcriptional profile of hypoxic macrophages, we globally mapped binding sites of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α and HIF-2α in primary human monocyte-derived macrophages prestimulated with IL-10. 713 HIF-1 and 795 HIF-2 binding sites were identified under hypoxia. Pretreatment with IL-10 altered the binding pattern, with 120 new HIF-1 and 188 new HIF-2 binding sites emerging. HIF-1 binding was most prominent in promoters, while HIF-2 binding was more abundant in enhancer regions. Comparison of ChIP-seq data obtained in other cells revealed a highly cell type specific binding of HIF. In MΦ HIF binding occurred preferentially in already active enhancers or promoters. To assess the roles of HIF on gene expression, primary human macrophages were treated with siRNA against HIF-1α or HIF-2α, followed by genome-wide gene expression analysis. Comparing mRNA expression to the HIF binding profile revealed a significant enrichment of hypoxia-inducible genes previously identified by ChIP-seq. Analysis of gene expression under hypoxia alone and hypoxia/IL-10 showed the enhanced induction of a set of genes including PLOD2 and SLC2A3, while another group including KDM3A and ADM remained unaffected or was reduced by IL-10. Taken together IL-10 influences the DNA binding pattern of HIF and the level of gene induction.
Collapse
|
18
|
Bruno A, Pagani A, Pulze L, Albini A, Dallaglio K, Noonan DM, Mortara L. Orchestration of angiogenesis by immune cells. Front Oncol 2014; 4:131. [PMID: 25072019 PMCID: PMC4078768 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2014.00131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2014] [Accepted: 05/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
It is widely accepted that the tumor microenvironment (TUMIC) plays a major role in cancer and is indispensable for tumor progression. The TUMIC involves many "players" going well beyond the malignant-transformed cells, including stromal, immune, and endothelial cells (ECs). The non-malignant cells can acquire tumor-promoting functions during carcinogenesis. In particular, these cells can "orchestrate" the "symphony" of the angiogenic switch, permitting the creation of new blood vessels that allows rapid expansion and progression toward malignancy. Considerable attention within the context of tumor angiogenesis should focus not only on the ECs, representing a fundamental unit, but also on immune cells and on the inflammatory tumor infiltrate. Immune cells infiltrating tumors typically show a tumor-induced polarization associated with attenuation of anti-tumor functions and generation of pro-tumor activities, among these angiogenesis. Here, we propose a scenario suggesting that the angiogenic switch is an immune switch arising from the pro-angiogenic polarization of immune cells. This view links immunity, inflammation, and angiogenesis to tumor progression. Here, we review the data in the literature and seek to identify the "conductors" of this "orchestra." We also suggest that interrupting the immune → inflammation → angiogenesis → tumor progression process can delay or prevent tumor insurgence and malignant disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonino Bruno
- Scientific and Technology Pole, IRCCS MultiMedica , Milan , Italy
| | - Arianna Pagani
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria , Varese , Italy
| | - Laura Pulze
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria , Varese , Italy
| | - Adriana Albini
- Department of Research and Statistics, IRCCS Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova , Reggio Emilia , Italy
| | - Katiuscia Dallaglio
- Department of Research and Statistics, IRCCS Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova , Reggio Emilia , Italy
| | - Douglas M Noonan
- Scientific and Technology Pole, IRCCS MultiMedica , Milan , Italy ; Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria , Varese , Italy
| | - Lorenzo Mortara
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria , Varese , Italy
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Iida M, Banno K, Yanokura M, Nakamura K, Adachi M, Nogami Y, Umene K, Masuda K, Kisu I, Iwata T, Tanaka K, Aoki D. Candidate biomarkers for cervical cancer treatment: Potential for clinical practice (Review). Mol Clin Oncol 2014; 2:647-655. [PMID: 25054026 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2014.324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2014] [Accepted: 03/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer ranks high among the causes of female cancer mortalities and is an important disease in developing and developed countries. Current diagnosis of cervical cancer depends on colposcopy, pathological diagnosis and preoperative diagnosis using methods, including magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography. Advanced cervical cancer has a poor prognosis. The tumor marker squamous cell carcinoma is conventionally used for screening, but recent studies have revealed the mechanisms of carcinogenesis and the factors associated with a poor prognosis in cervical cancer. These include epigenetic biomarkers, with the methylation level of the checkpoint with forkhead and ring finger gene being potentially useful for predicting the malignancy of cervical cancer and sensitivity to treatment with paclitaxel. The extent of methylation of the Werner DNA helicase gene is also useful for determining sensitivity to an anticancer agent, CPT-11. In addition to epigenetic changes, the expression levels of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α subunit, epidermal growth factor receptor and cyclooxygenase-2 have been reported as possible biomarkers in cervical cancer. Novel prognostic factors, including angiogenic factors, fragile histidine triad, thymidylate synthase, glucose-related protein 58 and mucin antigens, have also been described, and hemoglobin and platelets may also be significant prognostic biomarkers. Utilization of these biomarkers may facilitate personalized treatment and improved outcomes in cervical cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miho Iida
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Kouji Banno
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Megumi Yanokura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Kanako Nakamura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Masataka Adachi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Yuya Nogami
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Kiyoko Umene
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Kenta Masuda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Iori Kisu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Takashi Iwata
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Kyoko Tanaka
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Daisuke Aoki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Harris AJ, Thompson AR, Whyte MK, Walmsley SR. HIF-mediated innate immune responses: cell signaling and therapeutic implications. HYPOXIA 2014; 2:47-58. [PMID: 27774466 PMCID: PMC5045056 DOI: 10.2147/hp.s50269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Leukocytes recruited to infected, damaged, or inflamed tissues during an immune response must adapt to oxygen levels much lower than those in the circulation. Hypoxia inducible factors (HIFs) are key mediators of cellular responses to hypoxia and, as in other cell types, HIFs are critical for the upregulation of glycolysis, which enables innate immune cells to produce adenosine triphosphate anaerobically. An increasing body of evidence demonstrates that hypoxia also regulates many other innate immunological functions, including cell migration, apoptosis, phagocytosis of pathogens, antigen presentation and production of cytokines, chemokines, and angiogenic and antimicrobial factors. Many of these functions are mediated by HIFs, which are not only stabilized posttranslationally by hypoxia, but also transcriptionally upregulated by inflammatory signals. Here, we review the role of HIFs in the responses of innate immune cells to hypoxia, both in vitro and in vivo, with a particular focus on myeloid cells, on which the majority of studies have so far been carried out.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alison J Harris
- Academic Unit of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Infection and Immunity, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Aa Roger Thompson
- Academic Unit of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Infection and Immunity, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Moira Kb Whyte
- Academic Unit of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Infection and Immunity, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Sarah R Walmsley
- Academic Unit of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Infection and Immunity, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Zhang M, He Y, Sun X, Li Q, Wang W, Zhao A, Di W. A high M1/M2 ratio of tumor-associated macrophages is associated with extended survival in ovarian cancer patients. J Ovarian Res 2014; 7:19. [PMID: 24507759 PMCID: PMC3939626 DOI: 10.1186/1757-2215-7-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 371] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2013] [Accepted: 02/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are classified into two major phenotypes, M1 and M2. M1 TAMs suppress cancer progression, while M2 TAMs promote it. However, little is known regarding the role of TAMs in the development of ovarian cancer. Here, we investigated the relationship between TAM distribution patterns (density, microlocalization, and differentiation) and ovarian cancer histotypes, and we explored whether altered TAM distribution patterns influence long-term outcomes in ovarian cancer patients. METHODS A total of 112 ovarian cancer patients were enrolled in this study, and the subjects were divided into two groups according to their survival (< 5 years vs. ≥ 5 years). Immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence were used to determine the density, microlocalization, and differentiation status of TAMs in ovarian cancer tissues for each histotype. Kaplan-Meier survival and multivariate Cox regression analyses were used to evaluate the prognostic significance of TAM-related parameters in ovarian cancer. RESULTS TAMs most frequently infiltrated into the cancer tissue of the serous histotype, followed by mucinous, undifferentiated, endometrioid, and clear cell histotypes (p = 0.049). The islet/stroma ratio of total TAMs varied among the cancer histotypes, with mucinous and undifferentiated cancers displaying the lowest and highest ratios, respectively (p = 0.005). The intratumoral TAM density significantly increased with increasing cancer stage and grade (p = 0.023 and 0.006, respectively). However, the overall M1/M2 TAM ratio decreased as the cancer stage increased (p = 0.012). In addition, the intra-islet M1/M2 ratio inversely correlated with the residual site size (p = 0.004). Among the TAM-related parameters, only the increased overall and intra-islet M1/M2 TAM ratios displayed prognostic significance in both the Kaplan-Meier survival and multivariate Cox regression analyses; however, the values of these two parameters did not differ significantly among the cancer histotypes. CONCLUSIONS The patients with increased overall or intra-islet M1/M2 TAM ratios presented with an improved 5-year prognosis. Nevertheless, the TAM distribution patterns did not influence the overall outcomes of different ovarian cancer histotypes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meiying Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai 200127, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Yifeng He
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai 200127, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Xiangjun Sun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai 200127, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Qing Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai 200127, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Wenjing Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai 200127, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Aimin Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai 200127, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Wen Di
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai 200127, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai 200127, China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Zhang QW, Liu L, Gong CY, Shi HS, Zeng YH, Wang XZ, Zhao YW, Wei YQ. Prognostic significance of tumor-associated macrophages in solid tumor: a meta-analysis of the literature. PLoS One 2012; 7:e50946. [PMID: 23284651 PMCID: PMC3532403 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0050946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 747] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2012] [Accepted: 10/29/2012] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Tumor associated macrophages (TAMs) are considered with the capacity to have both negative and positive effects on tumor growth. The prognostic value of TAM for survival in patients with solid tumor remains controversial. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We conducted a meta-analysis of 55 studies (n = 8,692 patients) that evaluated the correlation between TAM (detected by immunohistochemistry) and clinical staging, overall survival (OS) and disease free survival (DFS). The impact of M1 and M2 type TAM (n = 5) on survival was also examined. RESULTS High density of TAM was significantly associated with late clinical staging in patients with breast cancer [risk ratio (RR) = 1.20 (95% confidence interval (CI), 1.14-1.28)] and bladder cancer [RR = 3.30 (95%CI, 1.56-6.96)] and with early clinical staging in patients with ovarian cancer [RR = 0.52 (95%CI, 0.35-0.77)]. Negative effects of TAM on OS was shown in patients with gastric cancer [RR = 1.64 (95%CI, 1.24-2.16)], breast cancer [RR = 8.62 (95%CI, 3.10-23.95)], bladder cancer [RR = 5.00 (95%CI, 1.98-12.63)], ovarian cancer [RR = 2.55 (95%CI, 1.60-4.06)], oral cancer [RR = 2.03 (95%CI, 1.47-2.80)] and thyroid cancer [RR = 2.72 (95%CI, 1.26-5.86)],and positive effects was displayed in patients with colorectal cancer [RR = 0.64 (95%CI, 0.43-0.96)]. No significant effect was showed between TAM and DFS. There was also no significant effect of two phenotypes of TAM on survival. CONCLUSIONS Although some modest bias cannot be excluded, high density of TAM seems to be associated with worse OS in patients with gastric cancer, urogenital cancer and head and neck cancer, with better OS in patients with colorectal cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiong-wen Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Lei Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P. R. China
- * E-mail:
| | - Chang-yang Gong
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Hua-shan Shi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Yun-hui Zeng
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-ze Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Yu-wei Zhao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Yu-quan Wei
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Bao B, Azmi AS, Ali S, Ahmad A, Li Y, Banerjee S, Kong D, Sarkar FH. The biological kinship of hypoxia with CSC and EMT and their relationship with deregulated expression of miRNAs and tumor aggressiveness. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2012; 1826:272-96. [PMID: 22579961 PMCID: PMC3788359 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2012.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2012] [Revised: 04/25/2012] [Accepted: 04/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia is one of the fundamental biological phenomena that are intricately associated with the development and aggressiveness of a variety of solid tumors. Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIF) function as a master transcription factor, which regulates hypoxia responsive genes and has been recognized to play critical roles in tumor invasion, metastasis, and chemo-radiation resistance, and contributes to increased cell proliferation, survival, angiogenesis and metastasis. Therefore, tumor hypoxia with deregulated expression of HIF and its biological consequence lead to poor prognosis of patients diagnosed with solid tumors, resulting in higher mortality, suggesting that understanding of the molecular relationship of hypoxia with other cellular features of tumor aggressiveness would be invaluable for developing newer targeted therapy for solid tumors. It has been well recognized that cancer stem cells (CSCs) and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) phenotypic cells are associated with therapeutic resistance and contribute to aggressive tumor growth, invasion, metastasis and believed to be the cause of tumor recurrence. Interestingly, hypoxia and HIF signaling pathway are known to play an important role in the regulation and sustenance of CSCs and EMT phenotype. However, the molecular relationship between HIF signaling pathway with the biology of CSCs and EMT remains unclear although NF-κB, PI3K/Akt/mTOR, Notch, Wnt/β-catenin, and Hedgehog signaling pathways have been recognized as important regulators of CSCs and EMT. In this article, we will discuss the state of our knowledge on the role of HIF-hypoxia signaling pathway and its kinship with CSCs and EMT within the tumor microenvironment. We will also discuss the potential role of hypoxia-induced microRNAs (miRNAs) in tumor development and aggressiveness, and finally discuss the potential effects of nutraceuticals on the biology of CSCs and EMT in the context of tumor hypoxia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Bao
- Department of Pathology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Asfar S. Azmi
- Department of Pathology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Shadan Ali
- Department of Pathology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Aamir Ahmad
- Department of Pathology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Yiwei Li
- Department of Pathology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Sanjeev Banerjee
- Department of Pathology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Dejuan Kong
- Department of Pathology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Fazlul H. Sarkar
- Department of Pathology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Mamlouk S, Wielockx B. Hypoxia-inducible factors as key regulators of tumor inflammation. Int J Cancer 2012; 132:2721-9. [PMID: 23055435 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.27901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2012] [Accepted: 09/25/2012] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Low levels of oxygen or hypoxia is often an obstacle in health, particularly in pathological disorders like cancer. The main family of transcription factors responsible for cell survival and adaptation under strenuous conditions of hypoxia are the "hypoxia-inducible factors" (HIFs). Together with prolyl hydroxylase domain enzymes (PHDs), HIFs regulates tumor angiogenesis, proliferation, invasion, metastasis, in addition to resistance to radiation and chemotherapy. Additionally, the entire HIF transcription cascade is involved in the "seventh" hallmark of cancer; inflammation. Studies have shown that hypoxia can influence tumor associated immune cells toward assisting in tumor proliferation, differentiation, vessel growth, distant metastasis and suppression of the immune response via cytokine expression alterations. These changes are not necessarily analogous to HIF's role in non-cancer immune responses, where hypoxia often encourages a strong inflammatory response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soulafa Mamlouk
- Emmy Noether Research Group and Institute of Pathology, University of Technology, Dresden, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Abstract
The vascular network delivers oxygen (O(2)) and nutrients to all cells within the body. It is therefore not surprising that O(2) availability serves as a primary regulator of this complex organ. Most transcriptional responses to low O(2) are mediated by hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs), highly conserved transcription factors that control the expression of numerous angiogenic, metabolic, and cell cycle genes. Accordingly, the HIF pathway is currently viewed as a master regulator of angiogenesis. HIF modulation could provide therapeutic benefit for a wide array of pathologies, including cancer, ischemic heart disease, peripheral artery disease, wound healing, and neovascular eye diseases. Hypoxia promotes vessel growth by upregulating multiple pro-angiogenic pathways that mediate key aspects of endothelial, stromal, and vascular support cell biology. Interestingly, recent studies show that hypoxia influences additional aspects of angiogenesis, including vessel patterning, maturation, and function. Through extensive research, the integral role of hypoxia and HIF signaling in human disease is becoming increasingly clear. Consequently, a thorough understanding of how hypoxia regulates angiogenesis through an ever-expanding number of pathways in multiple cell types will be essential for the identification of new therapeutic targets and modalities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bryan L Krock
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Abstract
Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) are broadly expressed in human cancers, and HIF1α and HIF2α were previously suspected to promote tumour progression through largely overlapping functions. However, this relatively simple model has now been challenged in light of recent data from various approaches that reveal unique and sometimes opposing activities of these HIFα isoforms in both normal physiology and disease. These effects are mediated in part through the regulation of unique target genes, as well as through direct and indirect interactions with important oncoproteins and tumour suppressors, including MYC and p53. As HIF inhibitors are currently undergoing clinical evaluation as cancer therapeutics, a more thorough understanding of the unique roles performed by HIF1α and HIF2α in human neoplasia is warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brian Keith
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Randall S. Johnson
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - M. Celeste Simon
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104
- Corresponding author: M. Celeste Simon, Ph.D., Scientific Director and Investigator, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Investigator, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Professor, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, 456 BRB 111111, 421 Curie Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6160, Tel: 215-746-5532, Fax: 215-746-5511,
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Kim MK, Kim TJ, Sung CO, Choi CH, Lee JW, Bae DS, Kim BG. Clinical significance of HIF-2α immunostaining area in radioresistant cervical cancer. J Gynecol Oncol 2011; 22:44-8. [PMID: 21607095 PMCID: PMC3097334 DOI: 10.3802/jgo.2011.22.1.44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2010] [Revised: 10/19/2010] [Accepted: 11/03/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Hypoxia has been established as a key factor influencing the pathophysiology of malignant growth. Hypoxia-induced changes in gene expression are coordinated primarily by hypoxia inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α) and HIF-2α. The purpose of this study was to determine whether or not HIF-2α expression is associated with survival and response to radiation in patients with cervical cancer. METHODS After reviewing the medical records of 119 patients treated in our institution by primary therapy for stage IIB-IVA cervical cancer, we performed a case-control study. Cases (n=12) were selected from patients with local recurrence or radiation failure after primary radiation therapy with or without concurrent chemoradiation. For each case, we selected two controls from patients who had no evidence of local recurrence. Using pre-treatment paraffin-embedded tissues, we evaluated the expression of HIF-2α by immunohistochemistry. Staining was scored based on intensity (intensity score [IS], 0-3) and proportion (proportion score [PS], 0-100). The results were analyzed by the Student t-test, Mann-Whitney U test, Fisher's exact test, and Cox proportional hazards regression model. RESULTS Cytoplasmic expression of HIF-2α, representing the degree of hypoxia, had a relationship with poor response to radiotherapy. The hazard ratio of recurrence was 1.71 for the HIF-2α IS (p=0.110) and 1.04 for the HIF-2α PS (p<0.001), indicating that the HIF-2α staining area correlates weakly with the risk for recurrence. CONCLUSION The HIF-2α expression area may have an important role in radioresistance in patients with locally advanced cervical cancer. We conclude that a wider area of hypoxia predicts an increased probability of radioresistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Kyu Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Noordhuis MG, Eijsink JJH, Roossink F, de Graeff P, Pras E, Schuuring E, Wisman GBA, de Bock GH, van der Zee AGJ. Prognostic cell biological markers in cervical cancer patients primarily treated with (chemo)radiation: a systematic review. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2011; 79:325-34. [PMID: 21195874 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2010.09.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2010] [Revised: 09/14/2010] [Accepted: 09/25/2010] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to systematically review the prognostic and predictive significance of cell biological markers in cervical cancer patients primarily treated with (chemo)radiation. A PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane literature search was performed. Studies describing a relation between a cell biological marker and survival in ≥50 cervical cancer patients primarily treated with (chemo)radiation were selected. Study quality was assessed, and studies with a quality score of 4 or lower were excluded. Cell biological markers were clustered on biological function, and the prognostic and predictive significance of these markers was described. In total, 42 studies concerning 82 cell biological markers were included in this systematic review. In addition to cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and serum squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCC-ag) levels, markers associated with poor prognosis were involved in epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling (EGFR and C-erbB-2) and in angiogenesis and hypoxia (carbonic anhydrase 9 and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α). Epidermal growth factor receptor and C-erbB-2 were also associated with poor response to (chemo)radiation. In conclusion, EGFR signaling is associated with poor prognosis and response to therapy in cervical cancer patients primarily treated with (chemo)radiation, whereas markers involved in angiogenesis and hypoxia, COX-2, and serum SCC-ag levels are associated with a poor prognosis. Therefore, targeting these pathways in combination with chemoradiation may improve survival in advanced-stage cervical cancer patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maartje G Noordhuis
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Majmundar AJ, Wong WJ, Simon MC. Hypoxia-inducible factors and the response to hypoxic stress. Mol Cell 2010; 40:294-309. [PMID: 20965423 PMCID: PMC3143508 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2010.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1700] [Impact Index Per Article: 121.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2010] [Revised: 08/20/2010] [Accepted: 09/21/2010] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Oxygen (O(2)) is an essential nutrient that serves as a key substrate in cellular metabolism and bioenergetics. In a variety of physiological and pathological states, organisms encounter insufficient O(2) availability, or hypoxia. In order to cope with this stress, evolutionarily conserved responses are engaged. In mammals, the primary transcriptional response to hypoxic stress is mediated by the hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs). While canonically regulated by prolyl hydroxylase domain-containing enzymes (PHDs), the HIFα subunits are intricately responsive to numerous other factors, including factor-inhibiting HIF1α (FIH1), sirtuins, and metabolites. These transcription factors function in normal tissue homeostasis and impinge on critical aspects of disease progression and recovery. Insights from basic HIF biology are being translated into pharmaceuticals targeting the HIF pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amar J Majmundar
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Imtiyaz HZ, Simon MC. Hypoxia-inducible factors as essential regulators of inflammation. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2010; 345:105-20. [PMID: 20517715 PMCID: PMC3144567 DOI: 10.1007/82_2010_74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Myeloid cells provide important functions in low oxygen (O(2)) environments created by pathophysiological conditions, including sites of infection, inflammation, tissue injury, and solid tumors. Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) are principle regulators of hypoxic adaptation, regulating gene expression involved in glycolysis, erythropoiesis, angiogenesis, proliferation, and stem cell function under low O(2). Interestingly, increasing evidence accumulated over recent years suggests an additional important regulatory role for HIFs in inflammation. In macrophages, HIFs not only regulate glycolytic energy generation, but also optimize innate immunity, control pro-inflammatory gene expression, mediate bacterial killing and influence cell migration. In neutrophils, HIF-1α promotes survival under O(2)-deprived conditions and mediates blood vessel extravasation by modulating β (2) integrin expression. Additionally, HIFs contribute to inflammatory functions in various other components of innate immunity, such as dendritic cells, mast cells, and epithelial cells. This review will dissect the role of each HIF isoform in myeloid cell function and discuss their impact on acute and chronic inflammatory disorders. Currently, intensive studies are being conducted to illustrate the connection between inflammation and tumorigenesis. Detailed investigation revealing interaction between microenvironmental factors such as hypoxia and immune cells is needed. We will also discuss how hypoxia and HIFs control properties of tumor-associated macrophages and their relationship to tumor formation and progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongxia Z Imtiyaz
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, 438 BRB II/III, 421 Curie Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6160, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Imtiyaz HZ, Williams EP, Hickey MM, Patel SA, Durham AC, Yuan LJ, Hammond R, Gimotty PA, Keith B, Simon MC. Hypoxia-inducible factor 2alpha regulates macrophage function in mouse models of acute and tumor inflammation. J Clin Invest 2010; 120:2699-714. [PMID: 20644254 DOI: 10.1172/jci39506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 355] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2010] [Accepted: 06/01/2010] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia-inducible factor 1alpha (HIF-1alpha) and HIF-2alpha display unique and sometimes opposing activities in regulating cellular energy homeostasis, cell fate decisions, and oncogenesis. Macrophages exposed to hypoxia accumulate both HIF-1alpha and HIF-2alpha, and overexpression of HIF-2alpha in tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) is specifically correlated with high-grade human tumors and poor prognosis. However, the precise role of HIF-2alpha during macrophage-mediated inflammatory responses remains unclear. To fully characterize cellular hypoxic adaptations, distinct functions of HIF-1alpha versus HIF-2alpha must be elucidated. We demonstrate here that mice lacking HIF-2alpha in myeloid cells (Hif2aDelta/Delta mice) are resistant to lipopolysaccharide-induced endotoxemia and display a marked inability to mount inflammatory responses to cutaneous and peritoneal irritants. Furthermore, HIF-2alpha directly regulated proinflammatory cytokine/chemokine expression in macrophages activated in vitro. Hif2aDelta/Delta mice displayed reduced TAM infiltration in independent murine hepatocellular and colitis-associated colon carcinoma models, and this was associated with reduced tumor cell proliferation and progression. Notably, HIF-2alpha modulated macrophage migration by regulating the expression of the cytokine receptor M-CSFR and the chemokine receptor CXCR4, without altering intracellular ATP levels. Collectively, our data identify HIF-2alpha as an important regulator of innate immunity, suggesting it may be a useful therapeutic target for treating inflammatory disorders and cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongxia Z Imtiyaz
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6160, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Rajkumar T, Vijayalakshmi N, Sabitha K, Shirley S, Selvaluxmy G, Bose MV, Nambaru L. A 7 gene expression score predicts for radiation response in cancer cervix. BMC Cancer 2009; 9:365. [PMID: 19832977 PMCID: PMC2768747 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-9-365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2009] [Accepted: 10/15/2009] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cervical cancer is the most common cancer among Indian women. The current recommendations are to treat the stage IIB, IIIA, IIIB and IVA with radical radiotherapy and weekly cisplatin based chemotherapy. However, Radiotherapy alone can help cure more than 60% of stage IIB and up to 40% of stage IIIB patients. METHODS Archival RNA samples from 15 patients who had achieved complete remission and stayed disease free for more than 36 months (No Evidence of Disease or NED group) and 10 patients who had failed radical radiotherapy (Failed group) were included in the study. The RNA were amplified, labelled and hybridized to Stanford microarray chips and analyzed using BRB Array Tools software and Significance Analysis of Microarray (SAM) analysis. 20 genes were selected for further validation using Relative Quantitation (RQ) Taqman assay in a Taqman Low-Density Array (TLDA) format. The RQ value was calculated, using each of the NED sample once as a calibrator. A scoring system was developed based on the RQ value for the genes. RESULTS Using a seven gene based scoring system, it was possible to distinguish between the tumours which were likely to respond to the radiotherapy and those likely to fail. The mean score +/- 2 SE (standard error of mean) was used and at a cut-off score of greater than 5.60, the sensitivity, specificity, Positive predictive value (PPV) and Negative predictive value (NPV) were 0.64, 1.0, 1.0, 0.67, respectively, for the low risk group. CONCLUSION We have identified a 7 gene signature which could help identify patients with cervical cancer who can be treated with radiotherapy alone. However, this needs to be validated in a larger patient population.
Collapse
|
33
|
Magné N, Chargari C, Deutsch E, Castadot P, Ghalibafian M, Bourhis J, Haie-Meder C. Molecular profiling of uterine cervix carcinoma: an overview with a special focus on rationally designed target-based anticancer agents. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2008; 27:737-50. [DOI: 10.1007/s10555-008-9162-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|