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Chen Z, Jiang J, Jiang R. A low testosterone level impairs erectile function by increasing endocan expression in rat penile corpus cavernosum. J Sex Med 2024; 21:663-670. [PMID: 38972662 DOI: 10.1093/jsxmed/qdae071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mechanism by which a state of low testosterone leads to erectile dysfunction (ED) has not been determined. Endocan is a novel marker of endothelial function. However, whether endocan is involved in the regulation of erectile function under low testosterone levels remains unclear. AIM In this study we sought to determine whether a low-testosterone state inhibits erectile function by regulating endocan expression in the endothelial cells of the rat penile corpus cavernosum. METHODS Thirty-six male Sprague-Dawley rats aged 8 weeks were randomly assigned to 6 groups (n = 6 per group) as follows: (1) control, (2) castration, (3) castration + testosterone treatment (treated with 3 mg/kg testosterone propionate per 2 days), (4) control + transfection (4 weeks after castration, injected with lentiviral vector (1 × 108 transduction units/mL, 10 μL), (5) castration + transfection, or (6) castration + empty transfection. One week after the injection, we measured the maximal intracavernous pressure/mean arterial pressure (ICPmax/MAP), serum testosterone and nitric oxide (NO) levels, and the expression of endocan, phospho-endothelial NO synthase (p-eNOS), eNOS, phospho-protein kinase B (p-AKT), and AKT in the rat penile corpus cavernosum. OUTCOMES Under a low-androgen state, the expression of endocan in the rat penile corpus cavernosum was significantly increased, which inhibited the AKT/eNOS/NO signaling pathway and resulted in ED. RESULTS In the castration group, the expression of endocan in the rat penile corpus cavernosum was significantly higher than that in the control group (P < .05). Additionally, the levels of p-AKT/AKT, p-eNOS/eNOS, and NO in the rat penile corpus cavernosum and ICPmax/MAP were significantly lower in the castration group than in the control group (P < .05). In the castration + transfection group compared with the castration group there was a significant decrease in the expression of endocan (P < .05) and an increase in the ratios of p-AKT/AKT, p-eNOS/eNOS, and ICPmax/MAP (P < .05) in the rat penile corpus cavernosum. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS Downregulating the expression of endocan in the penile corpus cavernosum may be a feasible approach for treating ED caused by hypoandrogenism. STRENGTHS AND LIMITATIONS The results of this study indicte that endocan may affect NO levels and erectile function through multiple signaling pathways, but further experiments are needed to clarify the relationship between endocan and androgens. CONCLUSION A low-testosterone state inhibits the AKT/eNOS/NO signaling pathway by increasing the expression of endocan in the rat penile corpus cavernosum and impairing erectile function in rats. Decreasing the expression of endocan in the penile corpus cavernosum can improve erectile function in rats with low testosterone levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoguo Chen
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Jun Jiang
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Rui Jiang
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
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Adriansyah RF, Margiana R, Supardi S, Narulita P. Current Progress in Stem Cell Therapy for Male Infertility. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2023; 19:2073-2093. [PMID: 37440145 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-023-10577-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Infertility has become one of the most common issues worldwide, which has negatively affected society and infertile couples. Meanwhile, male infertility is responsible for about 50% of infertility. Accordingly, a great number of researchers have focused on its treatment during the last few years; however, current therapies such as assisted reproductive technology (ART) are not effective enough in treating male infertility. Because of their self-renewal and differentiation capabilities and unlimited sources, stem cells have recently raised great hope in the treatment of reproductive system disorders. Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that can induce different numbers of specific cells, such as male and female gametes, demonstrating their potential application in the treatment of infertility. The present review aimed at identifying the causes and potential factors that influence male fertility. Besides, we highlighted the recent studies that investigated the efficiency of stem cells such as spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs), embryonic stem cells (ESCs), very small embryonic-like stem cells (VSELs), induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in the treatment of various types of male infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ria Margiana
- Andrology Program, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia.
- Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia.
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia.
- Master's Programme Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia.
- Indonesia General Academic Hospital, Depok, Indonesia.
- Ciptomangunkusumo General Academic Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia.
| | - Supardi Supardi
- Andrology Program, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
- Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Pety Narulita
- Andrology Program, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
- Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia
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Liu G, Liu J, Kong X, Xiong WJ, Jiang R. Effect of hypoandrogenism on expression of transient receptor potential vanilloid channels in rat penile corpus cavernosum and erectile function. J Sex Med 2023; 20:1153-1160. [PMID: 37490314 DOI: 10.1093/jsxmed/qdad093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypoandrogenism is a cause of erectile dysfunction (ED). Vascular smooth muscle cell contraction and relaxation are regulated by TRPV1-4 channels. However, the influence of hypoandrogenism on TRPV1-4 and its relationship with erectile function remain unclear. AIM To reveal whether hypoandrogenism affects erectile function by influencing TRPV1-4 expression in the corpus cavernosum of rats. METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats (N = 36) aged 8 weeks were assigned to 6 groups at random (n = 6): sham operation, castrated, castrated + testosterone replacement, sham operation + transfection, castrated + transfection, and castrated + empty transfection. Four weeks after castration, 20 μL of lentiviral vector (1 × 108 TU/mL) carrying the TRPV4 gene was injected into the penile cavernous tissue of the transfection groups. One week after transfection, the maximum intracavernous pressure (ICPmax)/mean arterial pressure (MAP) and the content of TRPV1-4, phosphorylated eNOS (p-eNOS)/eNOS, and nitric oxide (NO) in penile cavernous tissue of each group were measured. OUTCOMES Under low androgen conditions, TRPV4 expression in endothelial cells in the rat penile cavernosum was sharply reduced, resulting in a decrease in p-eNOS/eNOS and NO content, which could inhibit erectile function. RESULTS In rat penile cavernous tissue, TRPV1-4 was expressed in the cell membranes of endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells. The ICPmax/MAP and the content of TRPV4, p-eNOS/eNOS, and NO end product nitrite level in rat penile cavernous tissue was markedly reduced in the castrated group as compared with the sham group (P < .05). The ICPmax/MAP and the content of TRPV4, p-eNOS/eNOS, and NO end product nitrite level in rat penile cavernous tissue were markedly improved in the castrated + transfection group vs the castrated group (P < .01). CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS Upregulation of TRPV4 expression in penile cavernosum tissue might be a viable therapeutic for ED caused by hypoandrogenism. STRENGTHS AND LIMITATIONS The specific mechanism of TRPV4 in ED needs to be further verified by androgen receptor or TRPV4 gene knockout experiments. CONCLUSION Hypoandrogenism may cause ED by reducing the expression of TRPV4 in rat penile cavernous tissue. Upregulation of TRPV4 expression in penile cavernous tissue can increase the ratio of p-eNOS/eNOS and NO levels and ameliorate the erectile function of castrated rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Liu
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Xiangjun Kong
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Wen-Ju Xiong
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Rui Jiang
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
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Gu J, Zhu LK, Zhao X, Jiang J, Jiang R. Low testosterone state inhibits erectile function by downregulating the expression of GIT1 in rat penile corpus cavernosum. Sex Med 2023; 11:qfad017. [PMID: 37256221 PMCID: PMC10226814 DOI: 10.1093/sexmed/qfad017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The mechanism of erectile dysfunction (ED) caused by a low androgen level is still not clear. Aim To explore the influence of the low testosterone state on G protein-coupled receptor kinase interactor 1 (GIT1) and its contact to erectile function. Methods Thirty male Sprague-Dawley rats aged 8 weeks were distributed at random into 5 groups: control (sham operated), castration, testosterone supplement after castration, castration + vacant lentiviral transfection, and castration + lentiviral transfection. The testis and epididymis were removed through a scrotal incision to develop castrated rats. Four weeks after castration, a lentivirus carrying the GIT1 gene was injected into the middle of rat penile corpus cavernosum. One week after transfection, maximum intracavernous pressure/mean arterial pressure (ICPmax/MAP), serum testosterone, nitric oxide, GIT1, endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), phospho-eNOS (p-eNOS), p-eNOS/eNOS, and the interaction between eNOS and GIT1 were assessed in the rats. Outcomes The levels of GIT1 in the penile cavernous tissue of castrated rats are significantly lower than that of controls. Results GIT1 was expressed in the cytoplasm and cell membrane of vascular endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells in rat penile tissue. In comparison with normal rats, the castrated rats showed lower levels of GIT1 expression, GIT1 and eNOS interaction, p-eNOS/eNOS, nitric oxide, and ICPmax/MAP (P < .01). Overexpression of GIT1 can intensively enhance the expression level of GIT1, the interaction between GIT1 and eNOS, p-eNOS/eNOS, nitric oxide, and ICPmax/MAP in rats (P < .01). Clinical Translation Modulating the interaction between eNOS and GIT1 might be a novel method of treating ED caused by a low androgen level. Strengths and Limitations The impact of GIT1 phosphorylation on the activity of eNOS and its possible mechanisms affecting erectile function require further study. Conclusion A low testosterone state inhibits erectile function in rats by reducing the expression of GIT1 and the protein interaction between GIT1 and eNOS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Xin Zhao
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Jun Jiang
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Rui Jiang
- Corresponding author: Department of Urology, Nephropathy Clinical Medical Research Center of Sichuan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Taiping Road, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China. ;
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Yang HZ, Xiong WJ, Li X, Jiang J, Jiang R. Low androgen status inhibits erectile function by up-regulating the expression of proteins of mitochondria-associated membranes in rat corpus cavernosum. Andrology 2022; 10:997-1007. [PMID: 35466583 DOI: 10.1111/andr.13188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of low androgen status on mitochondria-associated membranes (MAMs) and its relationship with erectile function. METHODS A total of 36 eight-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 6 groups: the control (sham-operated) group, the castration group, the castration + testosterone (cast + T) group, the control + siRNA group, the cast + siRNA group, and the cast + empty vector group. Testosterone propionate (3 mg/kg) was subcutaneously injected into the rats in the cast + T group every other day starting from the second day after the surgery. Four weeks later, lentiviral vectors carrying phosphofurin acidic cluster sorting protein 2 (PACS-2) gene-specific siRNA (1 × 108 TU/ mL, 10 μL) were injected into the rats in the siRNA groups. At the 6th week of castration, the ratio of the maximum intracavernous pressure/the mean arterial pressure (ICPmax/MAP), the levels of nitric oxide (NO), endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), phospho-eNOS (p-eNOS), fatty acid-CoA ligase 4 (FACL-4), PACS-2, and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1 (IP3R1) in the penile corpus cavernosum were determined. RESULTS The FACL-4, PACS-2 and IP3R1 were primarily localized in the cytoplasm of endothelial cells and part of smooth muscle cells in the corpus cavernosum. The level of NO, the ratio of ICPmax/MAP, and p-eNOS/eNOS were decreased significantly in the castration group compared with the control group (P<0.01). The expressions of FACL-4, PACS-2, and IP3R1 were increased significantly in the castration group compared with the control group (P<0.01). The level of NO, the ratios of ICPmax/MAP, and the ratio of p-eNOS/eNOS were increased significantly in the cast + siRNA group compared with the castration group (P<0.01). The expressions of FACL-4 and PACS-2 were decreased significantly in the cast + siRNA group compared with the castration group (P<0.01). CONCLUSION Low androgen status up-regulated the expressions of patients in MAMs (FACL-4, PACS-2 and IP3R1) in the corpus cavernosum and inhibited the eNOS/NO/cGMP signaling pathway, resulting in impaired erectile function in rats. Erectile function may be improved by inhibiting the high expression of PACS-2 in the corpus cavernosum under low androgen state. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Zhou Yang
- Department of Urology, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
| | - Wen-Ju Xiong
- Department of Urology, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
| | - Xiong Li
- Department of Urology, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
| | - Jun Jiang
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
| | - Rui Jiang
- Department of Urology, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China.,Nephropathy Clinical Medical Research Center of Sichuan Province, China
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Meng F, Liao X, Chen H, Deng S, Wang L, Zhao M, Li H, Liu D, Gao G, Li H, Wang J. Bibliometric and visualization analysis of literature relating to diabetic erectile dysfunction. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1091999. [PMID: 36568113 PMCID: PMC9780376 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1091999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Diabetic erectile dysfunction (DMED) refers to erectile dysfunction secondary to diabetes. Erectile dysfunction is characterized by a persistent inability to achieve and maintain an erection sufficient to permit satisfactory sexual activity. METHODS Based on the Web of Science core collection database, we firstly analyzed the quantity and quality of publications in the field of DMED, secondly profiled the publishing groups in terms of country, institution, author's publication and cooperation network, and finally sorted out and summarized the hot topics of research. RESULTS From 2001 to 2022, a total of 1,403 articles relating to this topic were published in 359 journals. They represent the global research status, potential hotspots, and future research directions. The number of DMED-related publications and citations has steadily increased over the few past decades. Academic institutions from Europe and the United States have played a leading role in DMED research. The country, institution, journal, and author with the most publications were the United States (294), INHA University (39), the Journal of Sexual Medicine (156), and Ryu, Ji-Kan (29), respectively. The most common keywords were erectile dysfunction (796), men (256), diabetes (254), diabetes mellitus (239), prevalence (180), corpus cavernosum (171), dysfunction (155), mellitus (154), nitric-oxide synthase (153), and expression (140). The main keyword-based research topics and hotspots in the DMED field were oral sildenafil, smooth muscle relaxation, nitric oxide synthase, gene therapy, metabolic syndrome, cavernous nerve injury, stem cell, and penile prosthesis. DISCUSSION The terms oral sildenafil, smooth muscle relaxation, nitric oxide synthase, gene therapy, metabolic syndrome, cavernous nerve injury, stem cell, and penile prosthesis will be at the forefront of DMED-related research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanchao Meng
- Urology Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoxing Liao
- Urology Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Haimin Chen
- Department of Nephroendocrinology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Sheng Deng
- Department of Andrology, Shunyi Hospital, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Surgery, Beijing Xuanwu Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Mengjie Zhao
- Urology Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Haibin Li
- Urology Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Dong Liu
- Urology Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Guojing Gao
- Urology Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Haisong Li
- Department of Andrology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Haisong Li, ; Jisheng Wang,
| | - Jisheng Wang
- Department of Andrology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Haisong Li, ; Jisheng Wang,
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Yao C, Zhang X, Yu Z, Jing J, Sun C, Chen M. Effects of Stem Cell Therapy on Diabetic Mellitus Erectile Dysfunction: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. J Sex Med 2022; 19:21-36. [PMID: 36963981 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsxm.2021.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stem cell is considered a potential therapy for treating erectile dysfunction (ED), including diabetic mellitus erectile dysfunction (DMED), which was investigated in some preclinical studies. Several trials introduced stem cell into clinical practice, but divergences emerged. AIM To further investigate the therapeutic effects of stem cell on DMED in preclinical studies and investigate some possible factors that influence curative effects. METHODS The literature research was conducted in Web of Science and PubMed to retrieve studies utilizing stem cell to treat DMED. Revman 5.3 was used to perform subgroup analysis of intracavernosal pressure/mean artery pressure (ICP/MAP) and structural changes. Publication bias was assessed with Egger's test, funnel plot, and sensitivity analysis by Stata 15.0. OUTCOMES The ICP/MAP and structural changes before and after stem cell treatment. RESULTS Of 2,115 studies retrieved, 23 studies are eligible. Plus 10 studies from a meta-analysis published in 2016, 33 studies were enrolled. Pooled analysis showed that stem cell ameliorates damaged ICP/MAP (WMD 0.26; 95% CI 0.23-0.29; P < .001) and structural changes induced by diabetes. Subgroup analysis indicated that adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell (ADSC) may have better efficacy than bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC) (χ2= 4.21, P = .04; ADSC WMD 0.28, 95% CI [0.24-0.32] vs BMSC WMD 0.22 95% CI [0.17-0.26]). Transplantation type, diabetes type, and cell number make no difference to curative effects. Gene modification and therapy combination proved promising in improving the therapeutic effects of stem cell. CLINICAL TRANSLATION The evidence reminded that ADSC may be prior to BMSC in clinical trials and autotransplantation is probably not compulsory in the clinical practice of stem cell. STRENGTHS AND LIMITATIONS The study number and sample size are large enough. However, high degree of heterogeneity remains after subgroup analysis. CONCLUSION This meta-analysis suggests the efficacy of stem cell therapy for DMED and the possible superiority of ADSC over BMSC in erection restoration and structure renovation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Yao
- Department of Urology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- Institute of Urology, Medical College, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiangyu Zhang
- Institute of Urology, Medical College, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhikang Yu
- Department of Urology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- Institute of Urology, Medical College, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jibo Jing
- Department of Urology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- Institute of Urology, Medical College, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chao Sun
- Department of Urology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ming Chen
- Department of Urology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- Zhongda Hospital Lishui branch, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
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Mukti AI, Ilyas S, Warli SM, Putra A, Rasyid N, Munir D, Siregar KB, Ichwan M, Alif I, Hidayah N. Mesenchymal Stem Cells Enhance Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-A, Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthetase, and HSP70 Expression in Improving Erectile Dysfunction in Streptozotocin-induced Diabetic Rats. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2021.7801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the therapeutic role of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) on erectile function in a diabetes mellitus erectile dysfunction (DMED) rat model by analyzing the expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthetase (eNOS), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and the 70 kilodalton heat shock proteins (HSP70). MSCs were isolated from umbilical cords (UCs), and their characteristics identified by flow cytometry and osteogenic differentiation analysis. Thirty 8-week-old rats were divided into four groups: sham, control, T1, and T2. After a 16 h fast, 24 rats were randomly selected and intraperitoneally injected with streptozotocin (STZ) to induce DM. At 8 weeks after STZ injection, rats with DMED were classified into four groups, sham, control group [DMED rats received 500 μL phosphate buffer saline (PBS)]; T1 [DMED rats treated with 500 μL PBS containing 1 × 106 UC-MSCs]; T2 [DMED rats treated with 500 μL PBS containing 2 × 106 UC-MSCs]. Eight weeks after MSCs administration, the rats’ erectile function was measured by cavernous nerve stimulation. The blinded histological and gene expression assessment were used to analyze the eNOS, HSP70 content, and VEGF expression on the penile tissues. MSCs administration, rats in T1 and T2 groups showed a significant enhancement of erectile response that showed a trend of increase of VEGF mRNA level expression was 2.2 ± 0.61 in T2 Group supported with the optimum recovery of eNOS, in which the value of eNOS expression was 20.66% ± 2.32%. While optimum decrease of HSP70 content, the value of HSP70 expression was 15.50% ± 0.90%. IHC results showed that the DMED induction in rats caused a significant decrease of eNOS content in corpus cavernosum tissue. MSCs could ameliorate DMED in rats by increasing VEGF and decreasing HSP70 and eNOS, indicating these cells offer a potential application for DMED patients’ treatment.
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Nilay Tutak F, Annaç E. The effect of mesenchymal stem cells lyophilisate femoral artery of rat anastomosis: A histopathological and histomorphometric study. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2021; 70:102861. [PMID: 34691418 PMCID: PMC8519752 DOI: 10.1016/j.amsu.2021.102861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Revised: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) are well known for their tissue regeneration enhancing effect and their contribution to immune regulation. However, their contribution to the healing process of femoral artery anastomosis, especially to endothelialization, has not been studied sufficiently in the clinic. This study was carried out to evaluate the effects of MSC-lyophilisate from the human umbilical cord on anastomosis experimental study in rats histopathologically. METHOD After intraperitoneal anesthesia was applied to the rats, the femoral artery was exposed with a 2 cm incision in the right femoral region. After the artery was cut in the experiment and sham groups, femoral artery end-to-end anastomosis was performed using the primary suture technique. MSC-lyophilisate was poured in powder form onto the anastomosed outer surface of the vessel in the treatment group and saline solution was poured to the sham group. No intervention was made to the control group. The data analysis was performed with IBM SPSS Statistics 25. RESULTS In the experiment group, flattening of the inner elastic lamina, morphological changes and vacuolization in the muscle fibers, inflammation in the adventitia and significant vascular wall thickening were observed in the femoral arteries of the rats after the intervention. According to the histopathological scoring results, tissue samples belonging to sham and experimental groups showed marked pathological findings such as endothelial damage, flattened areas where the folded structure in the inner elastic lamina disappeared, muscle fiber degeneration and inflammation in the adventitia. CONCLUSION Human umbilical cord-origin MSC-lyophilisate application holds an important place in femoral artery surgery. We evaluate that it will be meaningful to determine the MSC-lyophilisate dose for hemostasis without creating thrombus after anastomosis. MSC-lyophilisate will be used to provide hemostasis in areas with local bleeding in the future. In addition, it is recommended to make plans for an in-depth examination of possible problems and cases in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Nilay Tutak
- Adiyaman University, School of Medicine, Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Turkey
| | - Ebru Annaç
- Adiyaman University, School of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embriyology, Adiyaman, Turkey
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Zhou J, Yin Y, Yang Y, Peng D, Wei J, Yin G, Tang Y. Knockdown of miR-423-5p simultaneously upgrades the eNOS and VEGFa pathways in ADSCs and improves erectile function in diabetic rats. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:9796-9804. [PMID: 34545676 PMCID: PMC8505849 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the possibility of miR‐423‐5p modified adipose‐derived stem cell (ADSCs) therapy on streptozotocin (STZ)‐induced diabetes mellitus erectile dysfunction (DMED) rats. MiR‐423‐5p was knocked down in ADSCs. ADSCs, NC‐miR‐ADSCs and miR‐ADSCs were co‐cultured with human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Normal and high glucose media were supplemented. The supernatant and HUVECs were collected for assessment of eNOS and VEGFa expression, cell proliferation, and apoptosis. HUVECs co‐cultured with ADSCs or miR‐ADSCs exhibited higher eNOS and VEGFa protein expression levels compared to DM groups. MiR‐ADSCs enhanced HUVEC proliferation compared to the ADSCs and NC‐miR‐ADSCs. Lower apoptotic rates were observed when HUVECs were co‐cultured with miR‐ADSCs, compared to ADSCs and NC‐miR‐ADSCs. Fifteen male Sprague‐Dawley (SD) rats aged 12 weeks were induced to develop diabetes mellitus by intraperitoneal injection with STZ, and five healthy SD rats were used as normal controls. Eight weeks after developing diabetes, the rats received ADSCs and miR‐ADSCs via injection into the corpora cavernosa, whereas normal controls and DM controls were injected with saline. Erectile function and histological assessment of penile tissues were performed 8 weeks after injection. The ICP/MAP indicated that erectile function was impaired in the DM rats compared with the normal group. Injection of ADSCs and miR‐ADSCs improved erectile function significantly and was associated with the overexpression of eNOS and VEGFa. MiR‐423‐5p knockdown in ADSCs ameliorated high glucose‐mediated damage to HUVECs and improved erectile function in DM rats by inducing eNOS and VEGFa overexpression, indicating that miR‐423‐5p may be a potential target in the treatment of DMED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhou
- Department of Urology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yinghao Yin
- Department of Urology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yuan Yang
- Department of Urology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Dongyi Peng
- Department of Urology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jingchao Wei
- Department of Urology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Guangming Yin
- Department of Urology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yuxin Tang
- Department of Urology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Urology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong Province, China
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11
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Adipose-Derived Stem Cells and Their Derived Microvesicles Ameliorate Detrusor Overactivity Secondary to Bilateral Partial Iliac Arterial Occlusion-Induced Bladder Ischemia. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22137000. [PMID: 34210091 PMCID: PMC8269368 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22137000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: We established a new bladder ischemia rat model through bilateral partial iliac arterial occlusion (BPAO) and investigated the therapeutic effect of adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) and ADSC-derived microvesicles (MVs); (2) Methods: The study included four groups: (1) sham, (2) BPAO, (3) BPAO + ADSCs, and (4) BPAO + ADSC-derived MVs. Female Wistar rats with BPAO were injected with ADSCs or ADSC-derived MVs through the femoral artery. Doppler flowmetry and real-time laser speckle contrast imaging were performed to quantify blood flow in the common iliac arteries and bladder microcirculation. A 24-h behavior study and transcystometrogram were conducted after 2 weeks. Bladder histology, immunostaining, and lipid peroxidation assay were performed. The expressions of P2X2, P2X3, M2, and M3 receptors and nerve growth factor (NGF) were evaluated; (3) Results: BPAO significantly reduced bladder microcirculation, intercontraction interval (ICI), and bladder volume and increased the amplitude of nonvoiding contraction, neutrophil infiltration, and malondialdehyde and NGF levels. ADSCs and ADSC-derived MVs significantly ameliorated these effects. The results of Western blot showed that the BPAO group exhibited the highest expression of M3 and P2X2 receptors. ADSCs significantly attenuated the expressions of M2 and P2X2 receptors. ADSC-derived MVs significantly attenuated the expressions of M3 and P2X2 receptors; (4) Conclusions: ADSCs and ADSC-derived MVs ameliorated the adverse effects of BPAO including bladder overactivity, bladder ischemia, and oxidative stress. Inflammation, muscarinic signaling, purinergic signaling, and NGF might be involved in the therapeutic mechanism.
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12
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Kharazi U, Badalzadeh R. A review on the stem cell therapy and an introduction to exosomes as a new tool in reproductive medicine. Reprod Biol 2020; 20:447-459. [DOI: 10.1016/j.repbio.2020.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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13
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Gur S, Hellstrom WJ. Harnessing Stem Cell Potential for the Treatment of Erectile Function in Men with Diabetes Mellitus: From Preclinical/Clinical Perspectives to Penile Tissue Engineering. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 15:308-320. [DOI: 10.2174/1574888x14666190828142045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Background::
According to the World Health Organization, more than 150 million people
are diabetic, and this number will increase twofold by the year 2025. Diabetes-related complications
affect all body organ systems, including the penis. Diabetes-induced Erectile Dysfunction (ED) is
caused by neuropathy of the penile nerves and vasculopathy involving the smooth muscle and endothelium
of the corpus cavernosum.
Objective::
This study aims to present an overview of Stem Cell (SC) research in diabetic animal models
of ED, focusing on the function, signaling, and niches that have a prominent role in the regeneration
of cavernosal cells and penile tissues. We highlight common erectile pathologies caused by diabetes
and review relevant preclinical trials. We also discuss paracrine mechanisms of various SC therapies
involved in the repair of endothelial cells and cavernous nerves in these diabetic models.
Method::
A PubMed search was performed, with dates ranging from inception until Mar 31, 2019.
Results::
This review provides a comprehensive evaluation of the various strategies that have been
investigated for improving SC delivery methods, through preclinical literature and published clinical
trials regarding ED in men with diabetes. Various cell-type applications have benefited erectile function
in diabetic models of ED.
Conclusion::
This review examines the progress and remaining challenges in diabetes-related SC research
regarding ED. Moving forward, it is only with a combined effort of basic biology and translational
work that the potential of SC-based therapies in diabetes in ED can be realized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serap Gur
- Department of Urology, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Wayne J.G. Hellstrom
- Department of Urology, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
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14
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Wang J, Mi Y, Wu S, You X, Huang Y, Zhu J, Zhu L. Exosomes from adipose-derived stem cells protect against high glucose-induced erectile dysfunction by delivery of corin in a streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat model. Regen Ther 2020; 14:227-233. [PMID: 32435675 PMCID: PMC7229419 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2020.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Increasing study have found that stem cell transplantation have a therapeutical effect to diabetes mellitus (DM)-induced erectile dysfunction (ED). So, the aim of this study was to evaluate the beneficial effect of corin from adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) on DM-induced ED. Methods Exosomes were isolated from ADSCs (ADSC-EXOs) or from ADSCs in which corin gene expression was silenced by siRNA (siCorin). For in vivo studies, rats with streptozotocin-induced DM were intravenously injected with ADSC-EXOs or siCorin-ADSC-EXOs. Two weeks later, intracavernosal pressure (ICP) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) were measured to assess erectile function, and penile tissues were harvested for further evaluation of levels of inflammatory factors and expression of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) and neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS). We also evaluated the recovery of neurovascular function in penile tissues by immunofluorescence analysis. Results The results showed that ADSC-EXOs restored erectile function in diabetic rats, as determined by the ICP/MAP ratio. Exosomes from ADSCs also promoted neurovascular function and suppressed expression of inflammatory factors. In contrast, the decreased content of corin in exosomes after silencing corin in ADSCs reduced the therapeutic effect of exosomes on ED. Conclusion These findings demonstrated the therapeutic mechanism underlying the use of ADSC-EXOs for treating ED and the beneficial effect of corin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wang
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214041, China
| | - Yuanyuan Mi
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214041, China
| | - Sheng Wu
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214041, China
| | - Xiaoming You
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214041, China
| | - Yi Huang
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214041, China
| | - Jin Zhu
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, China
| | - Lijie Zhu
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214041, China
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15
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Wang Y, Wang Y, Cong R, Tian Y, Chen C, Wang Y, Zhang Q, Zhou X, Ji C, Meng X, Song N. Restoration of erectile function by suppression of corporal apoptosis and oxidative stress with losartan in aged rats with erectile dysfunction. Andrology 2020; 8:769-779. [PMID: 31968148 DOI: 10.1111/andr.12757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of erectile dysfunction (ED) increases progressively with age, but its potential pathophysiology has not been fully demonstrated. Hence, this article was aimed to identify the functional and morphological characterization of the corpus cavernosum in aged rats and to evaluate the effects of the Angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonist losartan on age-related ED (AED). MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 40 young and aged Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups (n = 10 per group): young rats as normal controls (YNC) group; aged rats with normal erectile function (ANC) group; aged rats with ED (AED) group; and a losartan-treated AED (AED + Losartan) group. The treated group received losartan (30 mg/kg) once daily oral gavage for 4 weeks. Erectile function was measured by the ratio of peak intracavernous pressure (ICP)/mean arterial pressure (MAP), and relevant tissues were harvested for transmission electron microscopy, Immunohistochemistry, Masson's trichrome staining, TUNEL, caspase-3 activity assay and Western blot. RESULTS The AED group exhibited decreases in erectile response and increases in the role of apoptosis, fibrosis as well as oxidative stress, compared with the control groups. After daily administration of losartan for four weeks, it could slightly restore erectile function and significantly attenuate corporal apoptosis, fibrosis, and oxidative stress of AED. However, the result was still not comparable with that of the control groups. Moreover, the expression levels of p-Bad/Bad and p-AKT/AKT were significantly lower, whereas the expression levels of Bax/Bcl-2, Nrf2/Keap-1, Fibronectin, HO-1, and caspase-3 activity were significantly higher in the AED groups and while losartan could significantly attenuate these changes of AED, it was still not comparable with that of the control groups. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicated that administration of losartan not merely restored erectile function, but also significantly prevented corporal apoptosis and oxidative stress in AED by suppressing the Akt/Bad/Bax/caspase-3 and Nrf2/Keap-1 pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yamin Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Rong Cong
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ye Tian
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yichun Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qijie Zhang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiang Zhou
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chengjian Ji
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xianghu Meng
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ninghong Song
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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16
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Du Z, Jiang J, Cheng B, Jiang R. S1P1 Gene Transfection Improves Erectile Function in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats. Urology 2019; 133:249.e1-249.e7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2019.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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17
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Chung E. A Review of Current and Emerging Therapeutic Options for Erectile Dysfunction. Med Sci (Basel) 2019; 7:medsci7090091. [PMID: 31470689 PMCID: PMC6780857 DOI: 10.3390/medsci7090091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Contemporary treatment algorithms for erectile dysfunction (ED) involve the use of medical therapies such as phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitors and intracavernosal injection therapy of vasoactive agents, as well as vacuum erection devices and penile prosthesis implants in medically refractory cases. However, the current therapeutic options only address the symptoms of ED and not the underlying pathogenesis that results in ED. Newer and novel ED therapies aspire to reverse ED conditions by preventing cavernosal fibrosis, promoting endothelial revascularization and modulating various neuro-hormonal pathways. Regenerative therapeutic strategies such as low-intensity shock wave, gene and cellular-based therapies, and penile transplants are designed to improve penile hemodynamics and revitalize the cavernosal smooth muscle to mitigate and/or reverse underlying ED. This state-of-art article evaluates current and emerging therapeutic options for ED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Chung
- AndroUrology Centre, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia.
- University of Queensland, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia.
- Macquarie University Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia.
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18
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Gur S, Abdel-Mageed AB, Sikka SC, Hellstrom WJG. Advances in stem cell therapy for erectile dysfunction. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2018; 18:1137-1150. [PMID: 30301368 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2018.1534955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Stem cell (SC) application is a promising area of research in regenerative medicine, with the potential to treat, prevent, and cure disease. In recent years, the number of studies focusing on SCs for the treatment of erectile dysfunction (ED) and other sexual dysfunctions has increased significantly. AREAS COVERED This review includes critical ED targets and preclinical studies, including the use of SCs and animal models in diabetes, aging, cavernous nerve injury, and Peyronie's disease. A literature search was performed on PubMed for English articles. EXPERT OPINION Combination treatment offers better results than monotherapy to improve pathological changes in diabetic ED. Regenerative medicine is a promising approach for the maintenance of sexual health and erectile function later in life. Cavernous nerve regeneration and vascular recovery employing SC treatment may be focused on radical prostatectomy-induced ED. Notwithstanding, there are a number of hurdles to overcome before SC-based therapies for ED are considered in clinical settings. Paracrine action, not cellular differentiation, appears to be the principal mechanism of action underlying SC treatment of ED. Intracavernosal injection of a single SC type should be the choice protocol for future clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serap Gur
- a Department of Urology , Tulane University Health Sciences Center , New Orleans , LA , USA.,b Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy , Ankara University , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Asim B Abdel-Mageed
- a Department of Urology , Tulane University Health Sciences Center , New Orleans , LA , USA
| | - Suresh C Sikka
- a Department of Urology , Tulane University Health Sciences Center , New Orleans , LA , USA
| | - Wayne J G Hellstrom
- a Department of Urology , Tulane University Health Sciences Center , New Orleans , LA , USA
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19
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Hyperbaric oxygen can induce angiogenesis and recover erectile function. Int J Impot Res 2018; 30:292-299. [DOI: 10.1038/s41443-018-0023-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Revised: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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20
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Yang J, Zhang Y, Zang G, Wang T, Yu Z, Wang S, Tang Z, Liu J. Adipose-derived stem cells improve erectile function partially through the secretion of IGF-1, bFGF, and VEGF in aged rats. Andrology 2018; 6:498-509. [PMID: 29603682 DOI: 10.1111/andr.12483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Yang
- Department of Urology; Tongji Hospital; Tongji Medical College; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan China
- Institute of Urology; Tongji Hospital; Tongji Medical College; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan China
| | - Y. Zhang
- Department of Urology; Tongji Hospital; Tongji Medical College; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan China
- Institute of Urology; Tongji Hospital; Tongji Medical College; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan China
| | - G. Zang
- Department of Urology; Xuzhou City Centre Hospital; Xuzhou China
| | - T. Wang
- Department of Urology; Tongji Hospital; Tongji Medical College; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan China
- Institute of Urology; Tongji Hospital; Tongji Medical College; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan China
| | - Z. Yu
- Department of Urology; Tongji Hospital; Tongji Medical College; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan China
- Institute of Urology; Tongji Hospital; Tongji Medical College; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan China
| | - S. Wang
- Department of Urology; Tongji Hospital; Tongji Medical College; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan China
- Institute of Urology; Tongji Hospital; Tongji Medical College; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan China
| | - Z. Tang
- Department of Urology; Tongji Hospital; Tongji Medical College; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan China
- Institute of Urology; Tongji Hospital; Tongji Medical College; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan China
| | - J. Liu
- Department of Urology; Tongji Hospital; Tongji Medical College; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan China
- Institute of Urology; Tongji Hospital; Tongji Medical College; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan China
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Zhang Y, Chen Z, Wang T, Yang J, Li R, Wang S, Liu J, Ye Z. Treatment of diabetes mellitus-induced erectile dysfunction using endothelial progenitor cells genetically modified with human telomerase reverse transcriptase. Oncotarget 2018; 7:39302-39315. [PMID: 27283992 PMCID: PMC5129934 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The efficacy of treatments for diabetes mellitus-induced erectile dysfunction (DMED) is quite poor, and stem cell therapy is emerging as a useful method. In this study, we used endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) overexpressing human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) for the treatment of DMED. Rat EPCs were transfected with hTERT (EPCs-hTERT). EPCs-hTERT secreted more growth factors and demonstrated enhanced proliferation and resistance to oxidative stress. Twenty-four male DMED rats were subjected to four treatments: DMED (DMED group), EPCs (EPCs group), EPCs transduced with control lentivirus (EPC-control group) and EPCs-hTERT (EPCs-hTERT group). A group of healthy rats were used as the normal control group. The erectile function in the EPCs-hTERT group was markedly increased compared with the EPCs and EPCs-control groups. The EPCs-hTERT group exhibited more growth factors, smooth muscle content and retained stem cells in penile tissues. The degree of apoptosis and collagen/smooth muscle ratio in penile tissues of the EPCs-hTERT group was considerably reduced. Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) expression increased significantly in the EPCs-hTERT group. Taken together, these data showed that the enhanced paracrine effect, resistance to oxidative stress and proliferation of EPCs-hTERT may contribute to the improvements of erectile function in DMED rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhi Chen
- Department of Gerontology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jun Yang
- Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Rui Li
- Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shaogang Wang
- Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jihong Liu
- Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhangqun Ye
- Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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22
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Peng BY, Dubey NK, Mishra VK, Tsai FC, Dubey R, Deng WP, Wei HJ. Addressing Stem Cell Therapeutic Approaches in Pathobiology of Diabetes and Its Complications. J Diabetes Res 2018; 2018:7806435. [PMID: 30046616 PMCID: PMC6036791 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7806435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2018] [Revised: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
High morbidity and mortality of diabetes mellitus (DM) throughout the human population is a serious threat which needs to be addressed cautiously. Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are most prevalent forms. Disruption in insulin regulation and resistance leads to increased formation and accumulation of advanced end products (AGEs), which further enhance oxidative and nitrosative stress leading to microvascular (retinopathy, neuropathy, and nephropathy) and macrovascular complications. These complications affect the normal function of organ and tissues and may cause life-threatening disorders, if hyperglycemia persists and improperly controlled. Current and traditional treatment procedures are only focused on to regulate the insulin level and do not cure the diabetic complications. Pancreatic transplantation seemed a viable alternative; however, it is limited due to lack of donors. Cell-based therapy such as stem cells is considered as a promising therapeutic agent against DM and diabetic complications owing to their multilineage differentiation and regeneration potential. Previous studies have demonstrated the various impacts of both pluripotent and multipotent stem cells on DM and its micro- and macrovascular complications. Therefore, this review summarizes the potential of stem cells to treat DM and its related complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bou-Yue Peng
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City 110, Taiwan
- Department of Dentistry, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei City 110, Taiwan
| | - Navneet Kumar Dubey
- Ceramics and Biomaterials Research Group, Advanced Institute of Materials Science, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Viraj Krishna Mishra
- Applied Biotech Engineering Centre (ABEC), Department of Biotechnology, Ambala College of Engineering and Applied Research, Ambala, India
| | - Feng-Chou Tsai
- Department of Stem Cell Research, Cosmetic Clinic Group, Taipei City 110, Taiwan
| | - Rajni Dubey
- Graduate Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei City 106, Taiwan
| | - Win-Ping Deng
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City 110, Taiwan
- Stem Cell Research Center, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Jian Wei
- Stem Cell Research Center, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Dental Technology, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City 110, Taiwan
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El Osta R, Decot V, Bensoussan D, Stoltz JF, Eschwege P, Hubert J. [Treatment by stem cell therapy of erectile dysfunction of diabetic origin: State of the art]. Prog Urol 2017; 28:74-84. [PMID: 29170014 DOI: 10.1016/j.purol.2017.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2017] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Review of various publications on stem cell therapy to treat erectile dysfunction of diabetic origin. MATERIAL AND METHODS Bibliographic search in PUBMED performed using the keywords cell therapy strain/erectile dysfunction associated with diabetes. Among the 51 articles obtained from the PUBMED research, we selected 16 articles for their specificity of studying erectile dysfunction (DE) related to diabetes. RESULTS Different types of stem cells have been studied: adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells/bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells as well as progenitor endothelial cells. The experimental protocols are quite similar from one study to the next with nevertheless some specifications concerning the studied cells and the monitoring of the latter. Intracavernous pressure (ICP) measured after the injection of stem cells into the corpus cavernosum was always significantly higher than the control populations. The addition of certain growth factors to stem cells by gene transfection improve the efficacy of the cells. No ideal tracking markers of the cells have been identified. CONCLUSION The positive effect of the injection of stem cells on the ICP belongs to the cellular trans-differentiation effect but especially to the paracrine effects which have not yet been completely elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- R El Osta
- Service d'urologie, hôpitaux de Brabois, CHRU de Nancy, 54500 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France; IADI-UL-Inserm (U947), faculté de médecine, 54500 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France.
| | - V Decot
- CNRS UMR 7563, Bio pôle, faculté de médecine, 54500 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France; CNRS FR3208, UTCT, CHRU de Nancy, 54500 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - D Bensoussan
- CNRS UMR 7563, Bio pôle, faculté de médecine, 54500 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France; CNRS FR3208, UTCT, CHRU de Nancy, 54500 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - J F Stoltz
- CNRS UMR 7563, Bio pôle, faculté de médecine, 54500 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France; CNRS FR3208, UTCT, CHRU de Nancy, 54500 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - P Eschwege
- Service d'urologie, hôpitaux de Brabois, CHRU de Nancy, 54500 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France; CNRS, UMR 7039 CRAN, université de Lorraine, 54500 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - J Hubert
- Service d'urologie, hôpitaux de Brabois, CHRU de Nancy, 54500 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France; IADI-UL-Inserm (U947), faculté de médecine, 54500 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
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Wu XJ, Shen WH, He P, Zhou XZ, Zhi Y, Dai Q, Chen ZW, Zhou ZS. Telomerase reverse transcriptase genetically modified adipose tissue derived stem cells improves erectile dysfunction by inhibiting oxidative stress and enhancing proliferation in rat model. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 92:595-605. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.04.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Revised: 04/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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Wang X, Liu C, Xu Y, Chen P, Shen Y, Xu Y, Zhao Y, Chen W, Zhang X, Ouyang Y, Wang Y, Xie C, Zhou M, Liu C. Combination of mesenchymal stem cell injection with icariin for the treatment of diabetes-associated erectile dysfunction. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0174145. [PMID: 28350842 PMCID: PMC5369760 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0174145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was aimed to examine whether icariin, a traditional Chinese medicine, could improve therapeutic effects of adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs) for diabetes-associated erectile dysfunction (DMED). DMED were induced in rats by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin and confirmed by erectile function measurement. Then, rats of diabetic ED were randomly divided to receive the treatment of saline, ADSCs, icariin or ADSCs combined with icariin respectively. Compared with the treatment by ADSCs or icariin alone, intracavernosum injection of ADSCs combined with the following daily gastric gavage of icariin significantly augmented the value of ICP and ICP/MAP (p<0.01). Meanwhile, the survival of transplanted ADSCs was much improved due to the application of icariin. Similarly, immunofluorescent staining analysis demonstrated that the improved erectile tissue structure by combination of ADSCs and icariin was significantly associated with the increased expression of endothelial markers (vWF) (p<0.01) and smooth muscle markers (α-SMA) (p<0.01). Furthermore, the structure changes in corpus cavernosum were further confirmed by the Masson’s trichrome staining. To explore the possible mechanism underlying icariin-enhanced therapeutic efficacy of MSCs, we employed an in vitro testing system by introducing H2O2 to imitate oxidative stress condition considering the oxidative environment faced by engrafted ADSCs and anti-oxidative capacity of icariin.In vitro, we found that the addition of icariin considerably reduced the apoptosis of ADSCs, and attenuated the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), the superoxidase dismutase (SOD) activity and the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). Subsequently, we examined the expression of apoptosis-related proteins and explored the potential signaling pathway through which icariin promoted the survival of ADSCs against oxidative stress. It was demonstrated that icariin significantly inhibited the upregulation of apoptosis-related proteins under oxidative condition, including Bax and cleaved caspase-3, while promoted the expression of anti-apoptotic factor BCL2. These effects were accompanied with the activation of signal molecules, PI3K/Akt and STAT3. The further signal protein inhibition assays exhibited that the suppression of STAT3 abrogated the icariin-mediated anti-apoptotic effects observed above, while did not influence the expression of PI3K/Akt. However, PI3K inhibition could abrogate icariin–mediated STAT3 activation and achieved a similar effect as STAT3 inhibition. Our results suggested that icariin was an effective adjuvant for enhancing ADSC-based therapy of DMEM, which may be ascribed to their protection of ADSCs against oxidative stress via the regulation of PI3K/Akt-STAT3 signal pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiyou Wang
- Department of Urology, PLA Navy General Hospital, Hai dian District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuanhai Liu
- Department of Urology, The Second Artillery General Hospital of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, Xicheng District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Xu
- Department of Urology, PLA General Hospital, Hai dian District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Chen
- Department of Urology, PLA Navy General Hospital, Hai dian District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Shen
- Department of Urology, PLA Navy General Hospital, Hai dian District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yansheng Xu
- Department of Urology, PLA Navy General Hospital, Hai dian District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yubo Zhao
- Department of Urology, PLA Navy General Hospital, Hai dian District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Weihao Chen
- Department of Urology, PLA Navy General Hospital, Hai dian District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- Department of Urology, PLA Navy General Hospital, Hai dian District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun Ouyang
- Department of Urology, PLA Navy General Hospital, Hai dian District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Urology, PLA Navy General Hospital, Hai dian District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Changliang Xie
- Department of Urology, PLA Navy General Hospital, Hai dian District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Maojun Zhou
- Department of Urology, PLA Navy General Hospital, Hai dian District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Cuilong Liu
- Department of Urology, PLA Navy General Hospital, Hai dian District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- * E-mail:
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Shan HT, Zhang HB, Chen WT, Chen FZ, Wang T, Luo JT, Yue M, Lin JH, Wei AY. Combination of low-energy shock-wave therapy and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell transplantation to improve the erectile function of diabetic rats. Asian J Androl 2017; 19:26-33. [PMID: 27427555 PMCID: PMC5227668 DOI: 10.4103/1008-682x.184271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Stem cell transplantation and low-energy shock-wave therapy (LESWT) have emerged as potential and effective treatment protocols for diabetic erectile dysfunction. During the tracking of transplanted stem cells in diabetic erectile dysfunction models, the number of visible stem cells was rather low and decreased quickly. LESWT could recruit endogenous stem cells to the cavernous body and improve the microenvironment in diabetic cavernous tissue. Thus, we deduced that LESWT might benefit transplanted stem cell survival and improve the effects of stem cell transplantation. In this research, 42 streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats were randomized into four groups: the diabetic group (n = 6), the LESWT group (n = 6), the bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC) transplantation group (n = 15), and the combination of LESWT and BMSC transplantation group (n = 15). One and three days after BMSC transplantation, three rats were randomly chosen to observe the survival numbers of BMSCs in the cavernous body. Four weeks after BMSC transplantation, the following parameters were assessed: the surviving number of transplanted BMSCs in the cavernous tissue, erectile function, real-time polymerase chain reaction, and penile immunohistochemical assessment. Our research found that LESWT favored the survival of transplanted BMSCs in the cavernous body, which might be related to increased stromal cell-derived factor-1 expression and the enhancement of angiogenesis in the diabetic cavernous tissue. The combination of LESWT and BMSC transplantation could improve the erectile function of diabetic erectile function rats more effectively than LESWT or BMSC transplantation performed alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Tao Shan
- Department of Urology, Medical Center for Overseas Patients, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Urology, Shawan People's Hospital, Panyu District, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hai-Bo Zhang
- Department of Urology, Medical Center for Overseas Patients, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen-Tao Chen
- Shenzhen Hyde Medical Equipment Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, China
| | - Feng-Zhi Chen
- Department of Urology, Medical Center for Overseas Patients, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Urology, Longjiang Hospital, Shunde District, Foshan, China
| | - Jin-Tai Luo
- Department of Urology, Medical Center for Overseas Patients, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min Yue
- Laboratory Animals Center, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ji-Hong Lin
- Laboratory Animals Center, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - An-Yang Wei
- Department of Urology, Medical Center for Overseas Patients, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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27
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Zhou F, Hui Y, Xin H, Xu YD, Lei HE, Yang BC, Guan RL, Li M, Hou JQ, Xin ZC. Therapeutic effects of adipose-derived stem cells-based microtissues on erectile dysfunction in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Asian J Androl 2017; 19:91-97. [PMID: 27345005 PMCID: PMC5227681 DOI: 10.4103/1008-682x.182817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the therapeutic effects of adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs)-based microtissues (MTs) on erectile dysfunction (ED) in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Fifty-six 8-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats received intraperitoneal injection of STZ (60 mg kg−1), and 8 weeks later, the determined diabetic rats randomly received intracavernous (IC) injection of phosphate buffer solution (PBS), ADSCs, or MTs. Another eight normal rats equally got IC injection of PBS. MTs were generated with a hanging drop method, and the injected cells were tracked in ADSC- and MT-injected rats. Four weeks after the treatments, intracavernous pressure (ICP), histopathological changes in corpus cavernosum (CC), and functional proteins were measured. Rat cytokine antibody array was used to detect ADSCs or MTs lysate. The results showed that MTs expressed vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), nerve growth factor (NGF), and tumor necrosis factor-stimulated gene-6 (TSG-6). MTs injection had a higher retention than ADSCs injection and MTs treatment improved ICP, neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) expression, smooth muscle, and endothelial contents in diabetic rats, ameliorated local inflammation in CC better. Thus, our findings demonstrate that IC injection of MTs improves erectile function and histopathological changes in STZ-induced diabetic rats and appears to be more promising than traditional ADSCs. The underlying mechanisms involve increased cell retention accompanied with neuroprotection and anti-inflammatory behaviors of the paracrine factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhou
- Molecular Biology Laboratory of Andrology Center, Peking University First Hospital, Peking University, Beijing 100034, China.,Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Yu Hui
- Molecular Biology Laboratory of Andrology Center, Peking University First Hospital, Peking University, Beijing 100034, China.,Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Hua Xin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100043, China
| | - Yong-De Xu
- Molecular Biology Laboratory of Andrology Center, Peking University First Hospital, Peking University, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Hong-En Lei
- Molecular Biology Laboratory of Andrology Center, Peking University First Hospital, Peking University, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Bi-Cheng Yang
- Molecular Biology Laboratory of Andrology Center, Peking University First Hospital, Peking University, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Rui-Li Guan
- Molecular Biology Laboratory of Andrology Center, Peking University First Hospital, Peking University, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Meng Li
- Department of Urology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia 750021, China
| | - Jian-Quan Hou
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Zhong-Cheng Xin
- Molecular Biology Laboratory of Andrology Center, Peking University First Hospital, Peking University, Beijing 100034, China
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To summarize recent literature on basic stem cell research in erectile dysfunction in cavernous nerve injury, aging, diabetes, and Peyronie's disease and to provide a perspective on clinical translation of these cellular therapies. RECENT FINDINGS Stem cell research has been concentrated on mesenchymal stem (stromal) cells from bone marrow and adipose tissue. Application of both cell types has produced positive effects on erectile function in various animal models of erectile dysfunction. In acute animal models, such as cavernous nerve injury-induced erectile dysfunction and chemically induced Peyronie's disease, engraftment and differentiation have not been observed, and stem cells are believed to interact with the host tissue in a paracrine fashion, whereas in chronic disease models some evidence suggests both engraftment and paracrine factors may support improved function. Clinical trials are now investigating therapeutic efficacy of cellular therapy, whereas the first safety studies in humans have recently been published. SUMMARY Evidence from preclinical studies has established stem cells as a potential curative treatment for erectile dysfunction and early phase clinical trials are currently performed.
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Pan F, You J, Liu Y, Qiu X, Yu W, Ma J, Pan L, Zhang A, Zhang Q. Differentially expressed microRNAs in the corpus cavernosum from a murine model with type 2 diabetes mellitus-associated erectile dysfunction. Mol Genet Genomics 2016; 291:2215-2224. [PMID: 27681254 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-016-1250-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
To better understand the molecular aetiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus-associated erectile dysfunction (T2DMED) and to provide candidates for further study of its diagnosis and treatment, this study was designed to investigate differentially expressed microRNAs (miRNAs) in the corpus cavernosum (CC) of mice with T2DMED using GeneChip array techniques (Affymetrix miRNA 4.0 Array) and to predict target genes and signalling pathways regulated by these miRNAs based on bioinformatic analysis using TargetScan, the DAIAN web platform and DAVID. In the initial screening, 21 miRNAs appeared distinctly expressed in the T2DMED group (fold change ≥3, p ≤ 0.01). Among them, the differential expression of miR-18a, miR-206, miR-122, and miR-133 were confirmed by qRT-PCR (p < 0.05 and FDR <5 %). According to bioinformatic analysis, the four miRNAs were speculated to play potential roles in the mechanisms of T2DMED via regulating 28 different genes and several pathways, including apoptosis, fibrosis, eNOS/cGMP/PKG, and vascular smooth muscle contraction processes, which mainly focused on influencing the functions of the endothelium and smooth muscle in the CC. IGF-1, as one of the target genes, was verified to decrease in the CCs of T2DMED animals via ELISA and was confirmed as the target of miR-18a or miR-206 via luciferase assay. Finally, these four miRNAs deserve further confirmation as biomarkers of T2DMED in larger studies. Additionally, miR-18a and/or miR-206 may provide new preventive/therapeutic targets for ED management by targeting IGF-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Andrology, Maternity Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for microRNA Biology and Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jinwei You
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Andrology, Maternity Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Jinling Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for microRNA Biology and Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xuefeng Qiu
- Department of Andrology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wen Yu
- Department of Andrology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiehua Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Andrology, Maternity Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lianjun Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Andrology, Maternity Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Aixia Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Andrology, Maternity Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Qipeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for microRNA Biology and Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
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Pan F, Qiu XF, Yu W, Zhang QP, Chen Q, Zhang CY, Chen Y, Pan LJ, Zhang AX, Dai YT. MicroRNA-200a is up-regulated in aged rats with erectile dysfunction and could attenuate endothelial function via SIRT1 inhibition. Asian J Androl 2016; 18:74-9. [PMID: 25966629 PMCID: PMC4736360 DOI: 10.4103/1008-682x.154991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
MiR-200a was shown to be upregulated in the corpus cavernosum (CC) of rats with aging-related erectile dysfunction (A-ED) in our previous study. Among its target genes, SIRT1 was also reported as a protective factor in erectile function by our groups previously. Thus, miR-200a might attenuate the erectile function in A-ED via SIRT1 inhibition. In the present study, three animal groups were included: aged rats with ED (group AE, n = 8), aged rats with normal erectile function (group AN, n = 8), and young rats as normal controls (group YN, n = 8). CCs from each group were collected for histological and molecular measurements to validate the dysregulation of miR-200a and SIRT1. After that, the cavernous endothelial cells (CECs) from CC of aged rats with normal erectile function were transfected with miR-200a in vitro. Then the expression of SIRT1 and molecules within the eNOS/NO/PKG pathway were measured to investigate whether the transfection could imitate the attenuated process of erectile function in the aged. As a result, miR-200a was upregulated while the SIRT1, the levels of eNOS and cGMP were all downregulated in the CCs from AE group. After transfection in vitro, the miR-200a was upregulated while the SIRT1 and levels of eNOS and cGMP were obviously downregulated. Finally, based on the results of our previous study, we further verify that up-regulation of miR-200a could participate in the mechanisms of A-ED via SIRT1 inhibition, and mainly attenuate endothelial function via influencing the eNOS/NO/PKGpathway.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ai-Xia Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Andrology, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu-Tian Dai
- Department of Andrology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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Lu J, Xin Z, Zhang Q, Cui D, Xiao Y, Zhuo J, Sun F, Xia S, Shao Y. Beneficial effect of PEDF-transfected ADSCs on erectile dysfunction in a streptozotocin-diabetic rat model. Cell Tissue Res 2016; 366:623-637. [PMID: 27655233 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-016-2494-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is an important risk factor for erectile dysfunction. Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) are essential for maintaining erectile function but their function is impaired during hyperglycemia. To evaluate the effects of pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF)-transfected ADSCs on the restoration of erectile function ADSCs and PEDF-transfected ADSCs were exposed to normal or high glucose levels for 72 h and the effects on cell survival and protein expression were determined. For in vivo studies, rats with streptozocin-induced DM were intravenously injected with ADSCs or PEDF-transfected ADSCs. Two weeks later, the intracavernosal pressure (ICP) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) were measured to assess erectile function, and penile tissues were harvested for further evaluation. PEDF overexpression in ADSCs protected cells against hyperglycemia-induced apoptosis (as determined by a TUNEL assay), increasing the expression of neurotrophic factors and decreasing the expression of inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress-related proteins (as determined by western blotting and ELISA). In DM rats, transplantation with PEDF-transfected ADSCs effectively restored erectile function, as determined by the ICP/MAP ratio, compared with untreated ADSCs. PEDF overexpression also resulted in higher survival rates and decreased apoptosis of ADSCs. Promotion of neurotrophic factor expression and suppression of inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress-related proteins were also observed after transplantation of PEDF-transfected ADSCs. Thus, our results demonstrate that transplantation of ADSCs restored erectile function in a rat model of DM, attenuating the negative effects of hyperglycemia. These findings indicate the therapeutic potential of ADSCs for treating erectile dysfunction and the additional benefits of PEDF overexpression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Lu
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 100, Haining Road, Hongkou District, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Zhixiang Xin
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 100, Haining Road, Hongkou District, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 100, Haining Road, Hongkou District, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Di Cui
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 100, Haining Road, Hongkou District, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Yinglong Xiao
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 100, Haining Road, Hongkou District, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Jian Zhuo
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 100, Haining Road, Hongkou District, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Feng Sun
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 100, Haining Road, Hongkou District, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Shujie Xia
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 100, Haining Road, Hongkou District, Shanghai, 200080, China.
| | - Yi Shao
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 100, Haining Road, Hongkou District, Shanghai, 200080, China.
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Li M, Li H, Ruan Y, Wang T, Liu J. Stem Cell Therapy for Diabetic Erectile Dysfunction in Rats: A Meta-Analysis. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0154341. [PMID: 27111659 PMCID: PMC4844188 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0154341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Stem cell therapy is a novel method for the treatment of diabetic erectile dysfunction (ED). Many relative animal studies have been done to evaluate the efficacy of this therapy in rats. Aims This meta-analysis was performed to compare the efficacy of different stem cell therapies, to evaluate the influential factors and to determine the optimal stem cell therapeutic strategy for diabetic ED. Methods We searched the studies analyzing the efficacy of stem cell therapy for diabetic ED in rats published before September 30, 2015 in PubMed, Web of Science and EBSCO. A random effects meta-analysis was conducted to assess the outcomes of stem cell therapy. Subgroup analysis was also performed by separating these studies based on their different characteristics. Changes in the ratio of intracavernous pressure (ICP) to mean arterial pressure (MAP) and in the structure of the cavernous body were compared. Results 10 studies with 302 rats were enrolled in this meta-analysis. Pooled analysis of these studies showed a beneficial effect of stem cell therapy in improving erectile function of diabetic rats (SMD 4.03, 95% CI = 3.22 to 4.84, P< 0.001). In the stem cell therapy group, both the smooth muscle and endothelium content were much more than those in control group. There was also significant increase in the expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), the ratio of smooth muscle to collagen, as well as the secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Besides, apoptotic cells were reduced by stem cell treatment. The subgroup analysis indicated that modified stem cells were more effective than those without modification. Conclusions Our results confirmed that stem cell therapy could apparently improve the erectile function of diabetic rats. Some specific modification, especially the gene modification with growth factors, could improve the efficacy of stem cell therapy. Stem cell therapy has potential to be an effective therapeutic strategy for diabetic ED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingchao Li
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- * E-mail: (HL); (JL)
| | - Yajun Ruan
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jihong Liu
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- * E-mail: (HL); (JL)
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33
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El-Sakka AI. What is the current role of intracavernosal injection in management of erectile dysfunction? Int J Impot Res 2016; 28:88-95. [DOI: 10.1038/ijir.2016.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Revised: 11/14/2015] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Kim JH, Lee HJ, Song YS. Mesenchymal stem cell-based gene therapy for erectile dysfunction. Int J Impot Res 2016; 28:81-7. [PMID: 26888355 DOI: 10.1038/ijir.2016.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2015] [Revised: 10/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Despite the overwhelming success of PDE5 inhibitor (PDE5I), the demand for novel pharmacotherapeutic and surgical options for ED continues to rise owing to the increased proportion of elderly individuals in the population, in addition to the growing percentage of ED patients who do not respond to PDE5I. Surgical treatment of ED is associated with many complications, thus warranting the need for nonsurgical therapies. Moreover, none of the above-mentioned treatments essentially corrects, cures or prevents ED. Although gene therapy is a promising option, many challenges and obstacles such as local inflammatory response and random transgene expression, in addition to other safety issues, limit its use at the clinical level. The use of stem cell therapy alone also has many shortcomings. To overcome these inadequacies, many scientists and clinicians are investigating new gene and stem cell therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Kim
- Department of Urology, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - H J Lee
- Biomedical Research Institute, Chung-Ang School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Y S Song
- Department of Urology, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Seoul, Korea
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Effects of adipose-derived stem cells plus insulin on erectile function in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Int Urol Nephrol 2016; 48:657-69. [DOI: 10.1007/s11255-016-1221-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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ROS activates JNK-mediated autophagy to counteract apoptosis in mouse mesenchymal stem cells in vitro. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2015; 36:1473-9. [PMID: 26592514 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2015.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for the treatment of diabetic erectile dysfunction (ED) is hampered by apoptosis of the transplanted cells. In diabetic ED, there is increased oxidative stress and decreased NO in the corpora cavernosa, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) induce apoptosis of the transplanted cells. In this study we examined whether and how autophagy was involved in ROS-induced apoptosis of MSCs. METHODS Mouse C3H10 MSCs were treated with H2O2 to simulate the high oxidative condition in diabetic ED. Cell viability was measured using MTT assay. Apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometry. Apoptosis- and autophagy-related proteins were detected with Western blot assays. Intracellular autophagosome accumulation was studied using transmission electron microscopy. RESULTS Treatment of MSCs with H2O2 (50-400 μmol/L) inhibited the cell viability in concentration- and time-dependent manners. Furthermore, H2O2 (300 μmol/L) induced apoptosis, as well as activated autophagy in MSCs. Pretreatment with lysosome inhibitor chloroquine (10 μmol/L) or PI3K inhibitor 3-methyladenine (5 mmol/L) significantly enhanced H2O2-induced cell death. Pretreatment with JNK inhibitor SP600125 (10 μmol/L) abrogated H2O2-induced accumulation of LC3-II, and attenuated H2O2-induced reduction of Bcl-2 levels in MSCs. CONCLUSION ROS induce autophagy to counteract apoptosis in MSCs by activation of JNK. Thus, augmentation of autophagy may reduce apoptosis, prolonging MSC survival and improving MSC-based therapeutic efficacy for diabetic ED.
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Lin H, Dhanani N, Tseng H, Souza GR, Wang G, Cao Y, Ko TC, Jiang H, Wang R. Nanoparticle Improved Stem Cell Therapy for Erectile Dysfunction in a Rat Model of Cavernous Nerve Injury. J Urol 2015; 195:788-95. [PMID: 26519654 DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2015.10.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Recently intracavernous injection of stem cells has garnered great interest as a potential treatment of erectile dysfunction. However, most stem cells are washed out immediately after intracavernous injection. The goal of this study was to investigate using NanoShuttle™ magnetic nanoparticles to maintain stem cells in the corpus cavernosum after intracavernous injection, thereby improving stem cell therapy of erectile dysfunction in an animal model. MATERIALS AND METHODS Adipose derived stem cells were magnetized with NanoShuttle magnetic nanoparticles to create Nano-adipose derived stem cells. A total of 24 rats underwent bilateral cavernous nerve crush and were randomly assigned to 3 groups, including adipose derived stem cells, Nano-adipose derived stem cells and Nano-adipose derived stem cells plus magnet. Cells were tracked at days 1, 3, 5 and 9 after intracavernous injection. Another 40 rats with bilateral cavernous nerve crush were randomly assigned to 4 groups, including bilateral cavernous nerve crush, bilateral cavernous nerve crush plus adipose derived stem cell intracavernous injection, bilateral cavernous nerve crush plus Nano-adipose derived stem cell intracavernous injection and bilateral cavernous nerve crush plus Nano-adipose derived stem cell intracavernous injection plus magnet. Functional testing and histological analysis were performed 4 weeks after intracavernous injection. RESULTS In the in vitro study 1) NanoShuttle magnetic nanoparticles were successfully bound to adipose derived stem cells and 2) Nano-adipose derived stem cells migrated toward the magnet. In the in vivo study 1) cell tracking showed that Nano-adipose derived stem cells were successfully retained in the corpus cavernosum using the magnet for up to 3 days while most adipose derived stem cells were washed out in other groups by day 1 after intracavernous injection, and 2) intracavernous pressure/mean arterial pressure, and αSMA (α-smooth muscle actin) and PECAM-1 (platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule 1) expression in the Nano-adipose derived stem cell group was significantly higher than in the other groups. CONCLUSIONS Magnetization of adipose derived stem cells with NanoShuttle magnetic nanoparticles kept adipose derived stem cells in the corpus cavernosum and improved adipose derived stem cell therapy of erectile dysfunction in an animal model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haocheng Lin
- Division of Urology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas; Department of Urology and Andrology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Nadeem Dhanani
- Division of Urology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | | | | | - Grace Wang
- Division of Urology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Yanna Cao
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Tien C Ko
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Hui Jiang
- Department of Urology and Andrology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Run Wang
- Division of Urology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas; Department of Urology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
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Albersen M, Weyne E, Bivalacqua TJ. Stem Cell Therapy for Erectile Dysfunction: Progress and Future Directions. Sex Med Rev 2015; 1:50-64. [PMID: 27784560 DOI: 10.1002/smrj.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Erectile dysfunction (ED) is the most common sexual disorder reported by men to their health-care providers and the most investigated male sexual dysfunction. Currently, the treatment of ED focuses on symptomatic relief of ED and therefore tends to provide temporary relief rather than providing a cure or reversing the underlying cause. Recently, stem cell-based therapies have received increasing attention regarding their potential for the recovery of erectile function. Preclinical studies have shown that these cells may reverse pathophysiological changes leading to ED rather than treating the symptom ED. AIM To review available evidence on the efficacy and mechanisms of action of stem cell application for the treatment of ED. METHODS A nonsystematic review was conducted on the available English literature between 1966 and 2013 on the search engines SciVerse-sciencedirect, SciVerse-scopus, Google Scholar, and PubMed. RESULTS Several preclinical studies have addressed stem cell-based therapies for the recovery of erectile function following cavernous nerve injury and in Peyronie's disease, diabetes, aging, and hyperlipidemia. Overall, these studies have shown beneficial effects of stem cell therapy, while evidence on the mechanisms of action of stem cell therapy still varies between studies. While many authors propose engraftment and differentiation of stem cells, a recent paradigm shift toward paracrine mechanisms of action is observed. One clinical study investigated stem cell therapy in diabetic patients, and two more clinical trials are currently recruiting patients. CONCLUSIONS The development of methods to deliver stem cells to the penis has kindled a keen interest in understanding stem cell biology as it related to restoration of normal penile vascular and neuronal homeostasis. The use of stem cells for the treatment of ED represents an exciting new field, which still requires extensive basic research and human trials in diverse ED patient populations in order to define its role in the treatment of ED. Albersen M, Weyne E, and Bivalacqua TJ. Stem cell therapy for erectile dysfunction: Progress and future directions. Sex Med Rev 2013;1:50-64.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maarten Albersen
- Laboratory for Experimental Urology, Gene and Stem Cells Applications, Department of Development and Regeneration, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Emmanuel Weyne
- Laboratory for Experimental Urology, Gene and Stem Cells Applications, Department of Development and Regeneration, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Trinity J Bivalacqua
- The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Chung E. Stem-cell-based therapy in the field of urology: a review of stem cell basic science, clinical applications and future directions in the treatment of various sexual and urinary conditions. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2015; 15:1623-32. [DOI: 10.1517/14712598.2015.1075504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Wang X, Liu C, Li S, Xu Y, Chen P, Liu Y, Ding Q, Wahafu W, Hong B, Yang M. Hypoxia precondition promotes adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells based repair of diabetic erectile dysfunction via augmenting angiogenesis and neuroprotection. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0118951. [PMID: 25790284 PMCID: PMC4366267 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0118951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to examine whether hypoxia preconditioning could improve therapeutic effects of adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells (AMSCs) for diabetes induced erectile dysfunction (DED). AMSCs were pretreated with normoxia (20% O2, N-AMSCs) or sub-lethal hypoxia (1% O2, H-AMSCs). The hypoxia exposure up-regulated the expression of several angiogenesis and neuroprotection related cytokines in AMSCs, including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its receptor FIK-1, angiotensin (Ang-1), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), stromal derived factor-1 (SDF-1) and its CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4). DED rats were induced via intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (60 mg/kg) and were randomly divided into three groups—Saline group: intracavernous injection with phosphate buffer saline; N-AMSCs group: N-AMSCs injection; H-AMSCs group: H-AMSCs injection. Ten rats without any treatment were used as normal control. Four weeks after injection, the mean arterial pressure (MAP) and intracavernosal pressure (ICP) were measured. The contents of endothelial, smooth muscle, dorsal nerve in cavernoursal tissue were assessed. Compared with N-AMSCs and saline, intracavernosum injection of H-AMSCs significantly raised ICP and ICP/MAP (p<0.05). Immunofluorescent staining analysis demonstrated that improved erectile function by MSCs was significantly associated with increased expression of endothelial markers (CD31 and vWF) (p<0.01) and smooth muscle markers (α-SMA) (p<0.01). Meanwhile, the expression of nNOS was also significantly higher in rats receiving H-AMSCs injection than those receiving N-AMSCs or saline injection. The results suggested that hypoxic preconditioning of MSCs was an effective approach to enhance their therapeutic effect for DED, which may be due to their augmented angiogenesis and neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- XiYou Wang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chinese People’s Liberation Army General Hospital, No 28 Fuxing Road, Hai dian District, Beijing 100853, People’s Republic of China
| | - CuiLong Liu
- Department of Urology, PLA Navy General Hospital, No 6 Fucheng Road, Hai dian District, Beijing 100048, People’s Republic of China
| | - ShaoDan Li
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chinese People’s Liberation Army General Hospital, No 28 Fuxing Road, Hai dian District, Beijing 100853, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yong Xu
- Department of Urology, Chinese People’s Liberation Army General Hospital, No 28 Fuxing Road, Hai dian District, Beijing 100853, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ping Chen
- Department of Urology, Chinese People’s Liberation Army General Hospital, No 28 Fuxing Road, Hai dian District, Beijing 100853, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chinese People’s Liberation Army General Hospital, No 28 Fuxing Road, Hai dian District, Beijing 100853, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiang Ding
- Department of Urology, Chinese People’s Liberation Army General Hospital, No 28 Fuxing Road, Hai dian District, Beijing 100853, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wasilijiang Wahafu
- Department of Urology, Chinese People’s Liberation Army General Hospital, No 28 Fuxing Road, Hai dian District, Beijing 100853, People’s Republic of China
| | - BaoFa Hong
- Department of Urology, Chinese People’s Liberation Army General Hospital, No 28 Fuxing Road, Hai dian District, Beijing 100853, People’s Republic of China
| | - MingHui Yang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chinese People’s Liberation Army General Hospital, No 28 Fuxing Road, Hai dian District, Beijing 100853, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail:
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41
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Stem cell treatment of erectile dysfunction. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2015; 82-83:137-44. [PMID: 25446142 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2014.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2014] [Revised: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 11/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Erectile Dysfunction (ED) is a common disease that typically affects older men. While oral type-5 phosphodieserase inhibitors (PDE5Is) represent a successful first-line therapy, many patients do not respond to this treatment leading researchers to look for alternative treatment modalities. Stem cell (SC) therapy is a promising new frontier for the treatment of those patients and many studies demonstrated its therapeutic effects. In this article, using a Medline database search of all relevant articles, we present a summary of the scientific principles behind SCs and their use for treatment of ED. We discuss specifically the different types of SCs used in ED, the methods of delivery tested, and the methods attempted to enhance SC therapy effect. In addition, we review the current preclinical literature on SC therapy for ED and present a summary of its findings in addition to the single clinical trial published.
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Li L, Zhang D, Li P, Damaser M, Zhang Y. Virus integration and genome influence in approaches to stem cell based therapy for andro-urology. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2015; 82-83:12-21. [PMID: 25453258 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2014.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Revised: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Despite the potential of stem cells in cell-based therapy, major limitations such as cell retention, ingrowth, and trans-differentiation after implantation remain. One technique for genetic modification of cells for tissue repair is the introduction of specific genes using molecular biology techniques, such as virus integration, to provide a gene that adds new functions to enhance cellular function, and to secrete trophic factors for recruiting resident cells to participate in tissue repair. Stem cells can be labeled to track cell survival, migration, and lineage. Increasing evidence demonstrates that cell therapy and gene therapy in combination remarkably improve differentiation of implanted mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), revascularization, and innervation in genitourinary tissues, especially to treat urinary incontinence, erectile dysfunction, lower urinary tract reconstruction, and renal failure. This review discusses the benefits, safety, side effects, and alternatives for using genetically modified MSCs in tissue regeneration in andro-urology.
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Liu T, Peng Y, Jia C, Fang X, Li J, Zhong W. Hepatocyte growth factor-modified adipose tissue-derived stem cells improve erectile function in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Growth Factors 2015; 33:282-9. [PMID: 26339935 DOI: 10.3109/08977194.2015.1077825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
TGFβ1-Smad signaling pathway is closely related to various tissues fibrosis. Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) has been shown to antagonize TGFβ1-Smad signaling and may improve kidney tissue fibrosis in diabetic models. Penile fibrosis is a pathological condition which occurs during diabetic erectile dysfunction (ED). The aim of this study was to examine the effect of the treatment of ED in diabetic rats with a combination of HGF and adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ADSC). In this diabetes model, rats were injected intraperitoneally with 60 mg streptozotocin (STZ) to induce diabetes. Three months later, the diabetic rats were divided into a negative control(NC) group, an ADSC-treated group and an ADSC + HGF-treated group while normal rats were assigned into a sham group. Rats in the sham and NC groups were injected in the corpus cavernosum with phosphate-buffered saline, while rats in the other groups were injected with either ADSC or ADSC + HGF. One month later, erectile function was examined in each group and penile tissues were collected for experiments. The expression of smooth muscle actin (SMA) and platelet-endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (PECAM-1) was analyzed by Western blotting. The smooth muscle and collagen deposition in corpus cavernosum was evaluated by Masson staining, while endothelial changes were assessed immunohistochemically. Cell apoptosis was detected by the TdT-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) assay. The results revealed that ADSC alone can significantly improve erectile function in diabetic rats, but in combination with HGF the improvement was more prominent, showing higher content of smooth muscle and endothelial cells and lower cell apoptotic index in corpus cavernosum. Treatment with HGF can significantly enhance the beneficial effect of ADSC on erectile function in diabetic rats, and this effect might be closely related to the down-regulation of TGFβ1-Smad signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Liu
- a Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College , Wuhu , China
| | - Yifeng Peng
- a Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College , Wuhu , China
| | - Chao Jia
- a Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College , Wuhu , China
| | - Xiang Fang
- a Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College , Wuhu , China
| | - Jing Li
- a Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College , Wuhu , China
| | - Wan Zhong
- a Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College , Wuhu , China
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Liu T, Peng YF, Jia C, Yang BH, Tao X, Fang X, Zhong W. Effect of HGF on the apoptosis of rat corpus cavernosum smooth muscle cells induced by TGFβ1. Andrologia 2014; 47:1020-7. [PMID: 25385280 DOI: 10.1111/and.12372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Corpus cavernosum smooth muscle cells (CCSMCs) are important functional cells for penile erection. We evaluated the effect of transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1) and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) on the viability and apoptosis of CCSMCs in vitro. CCSMCs from healthy male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups: a negative control group, a TGFβ1 group, a HGF group and a HGF+ TGFβ1 group. Differences in cell viability and apoptosis among groups were observed by 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and flow cytometry. Western blot was used to detect the change of apoptosis-related proteins. The level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was detected by colorimetry. In the TGFβ1 group, the MTT values were obviously decreased at 12 h, 24 h, 48 h-0.320, 0.383 and 0.432 respectively. However, compared with the normal group, the apoptosis index was markedly increased, reaching 26.86% at the 48-h time point. After TGFβ1 treatment, the levels of cleaved caspase-3 and p-Smad2 were increased in the cells, but the levels of Bcl-xL, Bcl-2 and p-Akt were significantly lower. However, HGF co-treatment partially reversed these changes and could decrease the intracellular ROS level while increasing the Akt phosphorylation level. These results indicate that TGFβ1 might induce apoptosis of CCSMCs in vitro and that HGF could interfere with the above process through downregulation of apoptosis signalling and oxidative stress reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Liu
- Department of Sexual Medicine, Yijishan Hospital, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Y-F Peng
- Department of Sexual Medicine, Yijishan Hospital, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - C Jia
- Department of Sexual Medicine, Yijishan Hospital, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - B-H Yang
- Department of Sexual Medicine, Yijishan Hospital, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - X Tao
- Department of Sexual Medicine, Yijishan Hospital, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - X Fang
- Department of Sexual Medicine, Yijishan Hospital, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - W Zhong
- Department of Sexual Medicine, Yijishan Hospital, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
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Toque HA, Caldwell RW. New approaches to the design and discovery of therapies to prevent erectile dysfunction. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2014; 9:1447-69. [DOI: 10.1517/17460441.2014.949234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Pan F, Xu J, Zhang Q, Qiu X, Yu W, Xia J, Chen T, Pan L, Chen Y, Dai Y. Identification and Characterization of the MicroRNA Profile in Aging Rats with Erectile Dysfunction. J Sex Med 2014; 11:1646-56. [DOI: 10.1111/jsm.12500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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47
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Ouyang B, Sun X, Han D, Chen S, Yao B, Gao Y, Bian J, Huang Y, Zhang Y, Wan Z, Yang B, Xiao H, Songyang Z, Liu G, Zhang Y, Deng C. Human urine-derived stem cells alone or genetically-modified with FGF2 Improve type 2 diabetic erectile dysfunction in a rat model. PLoS One 2014; 9:e92825. [PMID: 24663037 PMCID: PMC3963968 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0092825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2013] [Accepted: 02/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim The aim of this study was to determine the possibility of improving erectile dysfunction using cell therapy with either human urine-derived stem cells (USCs) or USCs genetically-modified with FGF2 in a type 2 diabetic rat model. Methods Human USCs were collected from 3 healthy donors. USCs were transfected with FGF2 (USCs-FGF2). Sixty-five SD male rats were divided into five groups (G). A control group of normal rats (G1, n = 10), and four other test groups of type 2 diabetic erectile dysfunction rats: PBS as a negative control (G2, n = 10), USCs (G3, n = 15), lentivirus-FGF2 (G4, n = 15), and USCs-FGF2 (G5, n = 15). Diabetes was induced in the rats via a high fat diet for 28 days and a subsequent intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (35 mg/kg). Erectile dysfunction was screened with apomorphine (100 μg/kg). Cell injections in the test groups (G2–G5) occurred directly into the corpora cavernosa. The implanted cells were tracked at 7 days (n = 5 animals/G) and 28 days (n = 10 animals/G) post injection. Mean arterial pressure (MAP), intracavernosal pressure (ICP), expression of endothelial markers (CD31, VEGF and eNOS), smooth muscle markers (desmin and smoothelin), histological changes and erectile function were assessed for each group. Results USCs expressed mesenchymal stem cell markers, and secreted a number of proangiogenic growth factors. USCs expressed endothelial cell markers (CD31 and vWF) after transfection with FGF2. Implanted USCs or USCs-FGF2 displayed a significantly raised ICP and ICP/MAP ratio (p<0.01) 28 days after intracavernous injection. Although few cell were detected within the implanted sites, histological and western blot analysis demonstrated an increased expression of endothelial and smooth muscle markers within the cavernous tissue following USC or USC-FGF2 injection. Conclusions The paracrine effect of USCs or USCs-FGF2 induced improvement of erectile function in type 2 diabetic rats by recruiting resident cells and increasing the endothelial expression and contents of smooth muscle.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Animals
- Diabetes Complications/genetics
- Diabetes Complications/metabolism
- Diabetes Complications/pathology
- Diabetes Complications/therapy
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/genetics
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/pathology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/therapy
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/genetics
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/pathology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/therapy
- Erectile Dysfunction/genetics
- Erectile Dysfunction/metabolism
- Erectile Dysfunction/pathology
- Erectile Dysfunction/therapy
- Fibroblast Growth Factor 2/biosynthesis
- Fibroblast Growth Factor 2/genetics
- Heterografts
- Humans
- Male
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Stem Cell Transplantation
- Stem Cells/metabolism
- Stem Cells/pathology
- Transduction, Genetic
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Ouyang
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangzhou Sun
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Dayu Han
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Shenfu Chen
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Yao
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Gao
- Reproductive Medicine Center, the Key Laboratory for Reproductive Medicine of Guangdong Province, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Bian
- Department of Urology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanping Huang
- Shanghai Institute of Andrology, Renji Hospital Affiliated Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yadong Zhang
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zi Wan
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Yang
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Wake Forest Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Haipeng Xiao
- Department of endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhou Songyang
- Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Guihua Liu
- Wake Forest Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Andrology, Center for Reproductive Medicine, the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- * E-mail: (GL); (YZ); (CD)
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Wake Forest Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, North Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail: (GL); (YZ); (CD)
| | - Chunhua Deng
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- * E-mail: (GL); (YZ); (CD)
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Abstract
Stem cell (SC) therapy for erectile dysfunction (ED) has been investigated in 35 published studies, with one being a small-scale clinical trial. Out of these 35 studies, 19 are concerned with cavernous nerve (CN) injury-associated ED while 10 with diabetes mellitus- (DM-) associated ED. Adipose-derived SCs (ADSCs) were employed in 18 studies while bone marrow SCs (BMSCs) in 9. Transplantation of SCs was done mostly by intracavernous (IC) injection, as seen in 25 studies. Allogeneic and xenogeneic transplantations have increasingly been performed but their immune-incompatibility issues were rarely discussed. More recent studies also tend to use combinatory therapies by modifying or supplementing SCs with angiogenic or neurotrophic genes or proteins. All studies reported better erectile function with SC transplantation, and the majority also reported improved muscle, endothelium, and/or nerve in the erectile tissue. However, differentiation or engraftment of transplanted SCs has rarely been observed; thus, paracrine action is generally believed to be responsible for SC’s therapeutic effects. But still, few studies actually investigated and none proved paracrine action as a therapeutic mechanism. Thus, based exclusively on functional outcome data shown in preclinical studies, two clinical trials are currently recruiting patients for treatment with IC injection of ADSC and BMSC, respectively.
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Abstract
Cell therapy has enormous potential for the treatment of conditions of unmet medical need. Cell therapy may be applied to diabetes mellitus in the context of beta cell replacement or for the treatment of diabetic complications. A large number of cell types including hematopoietic stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells, umbilical cord blood, conditioned lymphocytes, mononuclear cells, or a combination of these cells have been shown to be safe and feasible for the treatment of patients with diabetes mellitus. The first part of this review article will focus on the current perspective of the role of embryonic stem cells and inducible pluripotent stem cells for beta cell replacement and the current clinical data on cell-based therapy for the restoration of normoglycemia. The second part of this review will highlight the therapeutic role of MSCs in islet cells cotransplantation and the management of diabetes related vascular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Liew
- Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI), National Centre for Biomedical Engineering Science (NCBES), National University Ireland Galway (NUIG), Galway, Ireland
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50
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Nassiri SM, Rahbarghazi R. Interactions of Mesenchymal Stem Cells with Endothelial Cells. Stem Cells Dev 2014; 23:319-32. [DOI: 10.1089/scd.2013.0419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Mahdi Nassiri
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Rahbarghazi
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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