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Nielsen IØ, Clemmensen KKB, Fogde DL, Dietrich TN, Giacobini JD, Bilgin M, Jäättelä M, Maeda K. Cationic amphiphilic drugs induce accumulation of cytolytic lysoglycerophospholipids in the lysosomes of cancer cells and block their recycling into common membrane glycerophospholipids. Mol Biol Cell 2024; 35:ar25. [PMID: 38117591 PMCID: PMC10916870 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e23-06-0263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Lysosomes are acidic organelles responsible for lipid catabolism, and their functions can be disrupted by cationic amphiphilic drugs that neutralize lumenal pH and thereby inhibit most lysosomal hydrolases. These drugs can also induce lysosomal membrane permeabilization and cancer cell death, but the underlying mechanism remains elusive. Here, we uncover that the cationic amphiphilic drugs induce a substantial accumulation of cytolytic lysoglycerophospholipids within the lysosomes of cancer cells, and thereby prevent the recycling of lysoglycerophospholipids to produce common membrane glycerophospholipids. Using quantitative mass spectrometry-based shotgun lipidomics, we demonstrate that structurally diverse cationic amphiphilic drugs, along with other types of lysosomal pH-neutralizing reagents, elevate the amounts of lysoglycerophospholipids in MCF7 breast carcinoma cells. Lysoglycerophospholipids constitute ∼11 mol% of total glycerophospholipids in lysosomes purified from MCF7 cells, compared with ∼1 mol% in the cell lysates. Treatment with cationic amphiphilic drug siramesine further elevates the lysosomal lysoglycerophospholipid content to ∼24 mol% of total glycerophospholipids. Exogenously added traceable lysophosphatidylcholine is rapidly acylated to form diacylphosphatidylcholine, but siramesine treatment sequesters the lysophosphatidylcholine in the lysosomes and prevents it from undergoing acylation. These findings shed light on the unexplored role of lysosomes in the recycling of lysoglycerophospholipids and uncover the mechanism of action of promising anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Mesut Bilgin
- Lipidomics Core Facility, Center for Autophagy, Recycling and Disease (CARD), Danish Cancer Institute (DCI), DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marja Jäättelä
- Cell Death and Metabolism, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kenji Maeda
- Cell Death and Metabolism, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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Suknuntha K, Khumpirapang N, Tantishaiyakul V, Okonogi S. Solubility and Physical Stability Enhancement of Loratadine by Preparation of Co-Amorphous Solid Dispersion with Chlorpheniramine and Polyvinylpyrrolidone. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2558. [PMID: 38004537 PMCID: PMC10674291 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15112558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Loratadine (LRD), a non-sedating and slow-acting antihistamine, is often given in combination with short-onset chlorpheniramine maleate (CPM) to increase efficacy. However, LRD has poor water solubility resulting in low bioavailability. The aim of this study was to improve LRD solubility by preparing co-amorphous LRD-CPM. However, the obtained co-amorphous LRD-CPM recrystallized rapidly, and the solubility of LRD returned to a poor state again. Therefore, co-amorphous LRD-CPM solid dispersions using polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) as a carrier were prepared. The obtained solid dispersions were characterized using X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The solubility, dissolution, and mechanism of drug release from the LRD-CPM/PVP co-amorphous solid dispersions were studied and compared with those of intact LRD, LRD/PVP solid dispersions, and co-amorphous LRD-CPM mixtures. The results from XRPD and DSC confirmed the amorphous form of LRD in the co-amorphous solid dispersions. The FTIR results indicated that there was no intermolecular interaction between LRD, CPM, and PVP. In conclusion, the obtained LRD-CPM/PVP co-amorphous solid dispersions can successfully increase the water solubility and dissolution of LRD and extend the amorphous state of LRD without recrystallization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krit Suknuntha
- Drug Delivery System Excellence Centre, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90110, Thailand; (K.S.); (V.T.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
| | - Nattakanwadee Khumpirapang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand;
| | - Vimon Tantishaiyakul
- Drug Delivery System Excellence Centre, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90110, Thailand; (K.S.); (V.T.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
| | - Siriporn Okonogi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
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3
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Wang H, Ji Q, Liao C, Tian L. A systematic review and meta-analysis of loratadine combined with montelukast for the treatment of allergic rhinitis. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1287320. [PMID: 37915414 PMCID: PMC10616259 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1287320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Loratadine and montelukast are clinical first-line drugs in the treatment of allergic rhinitis (AR). However, there is no clear evidence of the efficacy of loratadine combined with montelukast in the treatment of AR. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the loratadine-montelukast combination on AR. Methods: In this meta-analysis, searches were conducted on PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Web of Science, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI). The search terms included loratadine, montelukast, allergic rhinitis, and clinical trials. Meta-analyses were conducted using Rev Man 5.3 and Stata 15 statistical software. Results: A total of 23 studies with 4,902 participants were enrolled. For the primary outcome, pooled results showed that loratadine-montelukast can significantly reduce total nasal symptom scores (TNSS), when compared with loratadine (SMD, -1.00; 95% CI, -1.35 to -0.65, p < 0.00001), montelukast (SMD, -0.46; 95% CI, -0.68 to -0.25, p < 0.0001), or placebo (SMD, -0.93; 95% CI, -1.37 to -0.49, p < 0.00001). For secondary outcomes, pooled results showed that compared with loratadine, loratadine-montelukast can significantly improve nasal congestion, nasal itching, nasal sneezing, nasal rhinorrhea, and rhinoconjunctivitis quality of life questionnaires (RQLQ). Compared with montelukast, loratadine-montelukast can significantly improve nasal itching, and nasal sneezing. Compared with placebo, loratadine-montelukast can significantly improve nasal congestion, and RQLQ. Conclusion: Loratadine-montelukast combination is superior to loratadine monotherapy, montelukast monotherapy, or placebo in improving AR symptoms. Therefore, loratadine-montelukast combination can be an option for patients with moderate-severe AR or poorly response to monotherapy. Systematic review registration number: clinicaltrials.gov, identifier CRD42023397519.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Wang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qing Ji
- Chengdu First People’s Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Chao Liao
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Li Tian
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Ning G, Sun Y, Ling J, Chen J, He J. BDN-DDI: A bilinear dual-view representation learning framework for drug-drug interaction prediction. Comput Biol Med 2023; 165:107340. [PMID: 37603959 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2023.107340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
Drug-drug interactions (DDIs) refer to the potential effects of two or more drugs interacting with each other when used simultaneously, which may lead to adverse reactions or reduced drug efficacy. Accurate prediction of DDIs is a significant concern in recent years. Currently, the drug chemical substructure-based learning method has substantially improved DDIs prediction. However, we notice that most related works ignore the detailed interaction among atoms when extracting the substructure information of drugs. This problem results in incomplete information extraction and may limit the model's predictive ability. In this work, we proposed a novel framework named BDN-DDI (a bilinear dual-view representation learning framework for drug-drug interaction prediction) to infer potential DDIs. In the proposed framework, the encoder consists of six stacked BDN blocks, each of which extracts the feature representation of drug molecules through a bilinear representation extraction layer. The extracted feature is then used to learn embeddings of drug substructures from the single drug learning layer (intra-layer) and the drug-pair learning layer (inter-layer). Finally, the learned embeddings are fed into a decoder to predict DDI events. Based on our experiments, BDN-DDI has an AUROC value of over 99% for the warm-start task. Additionally, it outperformed the state-of-the-art methods by an average of 3.4% for the cold-start tasks. Finally, our method's effectiveness is further validated by visualizing several case studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoquan Ning
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yuping Sun
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Jie Ling
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jijia Chen
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jiaxi He
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
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Heczko D, Tarnacka M, Kamiński K, Paluch M, Kamińska E. Breakdown of isochronal superpositioning of α- and β-relaxation times in the van der Waals system – loratadine. J Mol Liq 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2023.121377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Song G, Nong DZ, Li Q, Yan Y, Li G, Fan J, Zhang W, Cao R, Wang C, Xiao J, Xue D. Photochemical Synthesis of Anilines via Ni-Catalyzed Coupling of Aryl Halides with Ammonium Salts. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c04959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Geyang Song
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710062, China
| | - Ding-Zhan Nong
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710062, China
| | - Qi Li
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710062, China
| | - Yonggang Yan
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710062, China
| | - Gang Li
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710062, China
| | - Juan Fan
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710062, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710062, China
| | - Rui Cao
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710062, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710062, China
| | - Jianliang Xiao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZD, U.K
| | - Dong Xue
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710062, China
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Belal A, Elanany MA, Alsantali RI, Alrooqi MM, Mohamed AR, Hasabelnaby S. Identification of Some Promising Heterocycles Useful in Treatment of Allergic Rhinitis: Virtual Screening, Pharmacophore Mapping, Molecular Docking, and Molecular Dynamics. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2022; 48:438-456. [PMID: 35637779 PMCID: PMC9134989 DOI: 10.1134/s1068162022330019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amany Belal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099 Taif, 21944 Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed A. Elanany
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Industries, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Reem I. Alsantali
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099 Taif, 21944 Saudi Arabia
| | - Munira M. Alrooqi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, 21955 Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdalla R. Mohamed
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University, 11829 Cairo Badr City, Egypt
| | - Sherifa Hasabelnaby
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Helwan, Egypt
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8
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Zhang Y, Zhang J, Xu Q, Wang Y, Wu W, Wang W, Li X, Zhang T. Simultaneous Determination of Loratadine and Its Metabolite Desloratadine in Beagle Plasma by LC-MS/MS and Application for Pharmacokinetics Study of Loratadine Tablets and Omeprazole‑Induced Drug-Drug Interaction. Drug Des Devel Ther 2022; 15:5109-5122. [PMID: 34992347 PMCID: PMC8711562 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s328106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Loratadine (LTD) is a Biopharmaceutical Classification System II basic drug with pH-sensitive aqueous solubility and dissolution is a speed-limiting step of its absorption. The drug dissolution and the gastrointestinal tract pH conditions are likely to influence the in vivo pharmacokinetic behavior of LTD tablets. Materials and Method A rapid, sensitive, and reliable bioanalytical method for simultaneous quantitation of LTD and its active metabolite desloratadine (DL) in beagle plasma was developed and validated based on liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Sample preparation in low plasma consumption was accomplished by liquid–liquid extraction. The chromatographic separation was achieved on a Phenomenex Kinetex C8 column using acetonitrile and 5 mM ammonium formate as the mobile phase. A comparative pharmacokinetics study of three LTD tablets with different dissolution rates was conducted in male beagles in fasting state and an omeprazole-induced drug–drug interaction (DDI) study was subsequently performed under pretreatment of omeprazole. Results and Conclusion The method showed a good linear correlation over the concentration ranges of 0.008–24 ng/mL for LTD and 0.8–800 ng/mL for DL, and was successfully applied to analyze the two compounds in beagle plasma. Pharmacokinetic results showed in the fasting state the three LTD tablets were equivalent in beagles in terms of effective components. DL of the three tablets were equivalent, indicating metabolite was less susceptible to pharmaceutic preparation factors for LTD tablets in beagles. Moreover, significant changes in LTD and DL pharmacokinetics parameters were observed under the effect of omeprazole-induced pH increase in gastrointestinal tract, suggesting that DDI effects are of concern for the curative effect of LTD when combined with omeprazole. The findings will contribute to the future pharmaceutical preparations research as well as the clinical application of LTD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaming Zhang
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiuchi Xu
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Yimeng Wang
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenying Wu
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiping Wang
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoting Li
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianhong Zhang
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China
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9
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Goyal T, Kohli S, Tayal R. Antihistamines in children: A dermatological perspective. INDIAN JOURNAL OF PAEDIATRIC DERMATOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/ijpd.ijpd_124_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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10
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Almutairi FM, Ajmal MR, Siddiqi MK, Alalawy AI, Khan RH. On the binding reaction of loratadine with human serum acute phase protein alpha 1-acid glycoprotein. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2021; 40:9484-9491. [PMID: 34121623 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2021.1930164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Loratadine is an important anti-allergic drug. It is a second generation antihistamine drug used to treat allergic rhinitis, hay fever and urticaria. Human serum alpha 1-acid glycoprotein (AG) is an important acute phase protein and its serum concentration is found to increase in inflammation and acute response.The binding interaction between loratadine and AG is studied using spectroscopy and molecular docking techniques. The results obtained from fluorescence quenching experiments demonstrated that the fluorescence intensity of AG is quenched by loratadine. Loratadine was found to bind AG with the binding constant of ≈104 at 298 K. The Gibb's free energy change was found to be negative for the interaction of loratadine with AG indicating the binding process is spontaneous. Binding of loratadine with AG induced ordered structures in the protein. Hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions were the main bonding forces between AG-loratadine as revealed by molecular docking results. This study suggests the importance of binding of anti-allergic drug to AG spatially in the diseases where the plasma concentration of AG increases many folds and interaction with this protein becomes significant. This study will help in design of drug dosage and adjustment accordingly to achieve optimal treatment outcome. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahad M Almutairi
- Physical Biochemistry Research Laboratory, Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Rehan Ajmal
- Physical Biochemistry Research Laboratory, Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Adel I Alalawy
- Physical Biochemistry Research Laboratory, Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rizwan Hasan Khan
- Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
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Anbalagan S, Arunprasanna V, Dinakaran S, Krishnan M. Combinatory therapeutic approaches for common cold and SARS-CoV-2. SYNERGY 2020. [PMCID: PMC7837184 DOI: 10.1016/j.synres.2020.100069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Many countries in the world face the new challenge of having human coronavirus infection to manage commendably - the large affliction of human health. Together, each country has modern drugs and a variety of medicinal products developed from their traditional medical practitioners to treat a common cold. In this review, we describe potentially synergistic therapeutics of traditional and complementary medicine available for common cold which might be useful for prevention or for the adjuvant treatment of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Further, we provide a phylogenetic overview of SARSCoV-2 based on a complete genome sequence of common cold viruses. We suggest modern and traditional medicine and preventive strategies which might control the disease to offer more suitable and acceptable common cold management including coronavirus. A substantial proportion of medicinal products developed by traditional medicine against common cold as well as modern medicine mainly focus on symptoms suppression. The recombinant interferon alpha-2b and lactoferrin derived from modern medicine in combination with herbal based products from traditional medicine may support the prevention of novel coronavirus infections. An integrated approach against common cold viruses to establish efficacy and safety through modern and traditional medicine and regular physical exercise along with preventive dietary sources is proposed.
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12
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Parisi G, Leonardi S, Ciprandi G, Corsico A, Licari A, Miraglia del Giudice M, Peroni D, Salpietro C, Marseglia G. Antihistamines in children and adolescents: A practical update. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr) 2020; 48:753-762. [PMID: 32448753 DOI: 10.1016/j.aller.2020.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Histamine is a chemical mediator, released predominantly by tissue mast cells, circulating basophils, and neurons, which are activated in response to various immunological and non-immunological stimuli. Histamine has to bind to specific receptors to exert its physiological and pathophysiological functions. Endogenous histamine is the main mediator of the immediate allergic response, which moreover, performs other multiple functions, including regulation of gastric secretion, neurotransmission in the central nervous system, and immunomodulatory activity. The involvement of histamine in various disorders and the importance of receptors in the clinical features have relevant implications in clinical practice. Anti-H1 antihistamines contrast the histamine-dependent effects, mainly concerning nasal symptoms and cutaneous itching and wheal. Antihistamines are among the most prescribed drugs in pediatric care. This review updates the practical use of antihistamines in children and adolescents.
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13
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Mohammadpoor M, Kakhki RM, Assadi H. A Bayesian Regularized Artificial Neural Network for Simultaneous Determination of Loratadine, Naproxen and Diclofenac in Wastewaters. CURR PHARM ANAL 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1573412915666190618123154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background::
Simultaneous determination of medication components in pharmaceutical
samples using ordinary methods have some difficulties and therefore these determinations usually
were made by expensive methods and instruments. Chemometric methods are an effective way to
analyze several components simultaneously.
Objective::
In this paper, a novel approach based on Bayesian regularized artificial neural network
is developed for the determination of Loratadine, Naproxen, and Diclofenac in water using UV-Vis
spectroscopy.
Methods:
A dataset is collected by performing several chemical experiments and recording the UV-Vis
spectra and actual constituent values. The effect of a different number of neurons in the hidden
layer was analyzed based on final mean square error, and the optimum number was selected. Principle
Component Analysis (PCA) was also applied to the data. Other back-propagation methods,
such as Levenberg-Marquardt, scaled conjugate gradient, and resilient backpropagation, were tested.
Results::
In order to see the proposed network performance, it was performed on two crossvalidation
methods, namely partitioning data into train and test parts, and leave-one-out technique.
Mean square errors between expected results and predicted ones implied that the proposed method
has a strong ability in predicting the expected values.
Conclusion::
he results showed that the Bayesian regularization algorithm has the best performance
among other methods for simultaneous determination of Loratadine, Naproxen, and Diclofenac
in water samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojtaba Mohammadpoor
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Gonabad, Gonabad, Iran
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14
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Sebaiy MM, Ziedan NI. Developing a High-performance Liquid Chromatography Method for Simultaneous Determination of Loratadine and its Metabolite Desloratadine in Human Plasma. Curr Drug Metab 2019; 20:1053-1059. [PMID: 31774044 DOI: 10.2174/1389200220666191125095648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 09/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allergic diseases are considered as the major burden on public health with increased prevalence globally. Histamine H1-receptor antagonists are the foremost commonly used drugs in the treatment of allergic disorders. The target drug in this study, loratadine, belongs to this class of drugs and its biometabolite desloratadine which is also a non-sedating H1 receptor antagonist with anti-histaminic activity being 2.5 to 4 times greater than loratadine. This study aimed to develop and validate a novel isocratic Reversed-phase High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (RP-HPLC) method for rapid and simultaneous separation and determination of loratadine and its metabolite, desloratadine in human plasma. METHODS The drug extraction method from plasma was based on protein precipitation technique. The separation was carried out on a Thermo Scientific BDS Hypersil C18 column (5μm, 250 x 4.60 mm) in a mobile phase of MeOH: 0.025M KH2PO4 adjusted to pH 3.50 using orthophosphoric acid (85: 15, v/v) at an ambient temperature. The flow rate was maintained at 1 mL/min and maximum absorption was measured using the PDA detector at 248 nm. RESULTS The retention times of loratadine and desloratadine in plasma samples were recorded to be 4.10 and 5.08 minutes, respectively, indicating a short analysis time. Limits of detection were found to be 1.80 and 1.97 ng/mL for loratadine and desloratadine, respectively, showing a high degree of sensitivity of the method. The method was then validated according to FDA guidelines for the determination of the two analytes in human plasma. CONCLUSION The results obtained indicate that the proposed method is rapid, sensitive in the nanogram range, accurate, selective, robust and reproducible compared to other reported methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud M Sebaiy
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.,Department of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, University of Chester, Chester CH2 4NU, United Kingdom
| | - Noha I Ziedan
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.,Department of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, University of Chester, Chester CH2 4NU, United Kingdom
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15
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Keerthana M, Vidyavathi M. Screening and evaluation of fungal resources for loratadine metabolites. J Biosci 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s12038-018-9797-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Inhibitory effect of Phlai capsules on skin test responses among allergic rhinitis patients: a randomized, three-way crossover study. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE-JIM 2018; 15:462-468. [PMID: 29103416 DOI: 10.1016/s2095-4964(17)60353-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Zingiber cassumunar Roxb., commonly known as Phlai in Thai, has been used as a traditional medicine in Thailand for the treatment of various diseases, including inflammation and chronic airway disease. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to assess the antihistaminic effect of Phlai on skin testing. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS AND INTERVENTION This was a randomized, open-label, three-way crossover study. Twenty allergic rhinitis (AR) patients were enrolled. In randomized sequence, patients received a single dose of Phlai capsules (100 or 200 mg) or loratadine (10 mg) with a washout period of 1 week between each treatment. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Skin prick testing for histamine and common aeroallergen (house dust mite) were performed before treatment and after 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12 and 24 hours of treatment. The main treatment outcomes were the mean wheal and flare responses to the skin prick test after treatment. RESULTS Both 100 mg and 200 mg Phlai doses suppressed wheal and flare responses to house dust mite allergen, but only 200 mg of Phlai capsules significantly suppressed wheal and flare responses to histamine. Repeated measures analysis of variance showed that loratadine caused more wheal and flare suppression than Phlai capsules in responses to the histamine skin prick test. However, there were no significant differences among the effects of 100 mg Phlai capsules, 200 mg Phlai capsules and loratadine in suppression of wheal and flare induced by the mite skin prick test. Both doses of Phlai were well-tolerated with no adverse events. CONCLUSION Both 100 mg (compound D 4 mg) and 200 mg (compound D 8 mg) Phlai capsules, when taken as a single therapeutic dose, inhibited skin reactivity to histamine and mite skin prick tests in AR patients. TRIAL REGISTRATION Thai clinical trial registry (TCTR20160510001).
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Belal F, Abd El-Razeq S, El-Awady M, Zayed S, Barghash S. Rapid micellar HPLC analysis of loratadine and its major metabolite desloratadine in nano-concentration range using monolithic column and fluorometric detection: application to pharmaceuticals and biological fluids. Chem Cent J 2016. [PMCID: PMC5395507 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-016-0225-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Loratadine is a commonly used selective non-sedating antihistaminic drug. Desloratadine is the active metabolite of loratadine and, in addition, a potential impurity in loratadine bulk powder stated by the United States Pharmacopeia as a related substance of loratadine. Published methods for the determination of both analytes suffer from limited throughput due to the time-consuming steps and tedious extraction procedures needed for the analysis of biological samples. Therefore, there is a strong demand to develop a simple rapid and sensitive analytical method that can detect and quantitate both analytes in pharmaceutical preparations and biological fluids without prior sample extraction steps. Results A highly-sensitive and time-saving micellar liquid chromatographic method is developed for the simultaneous determination of loratadine and desloratadine. The proposed method is the first analytical method for the determination of this mixture using a monolithic column with a mobile phase composed of 0.15 M sodium dodecyl sulfate, 10% n-Butanol and 0.3% triethylamine in 0.02 M phosphoric acid, adjusted to pH 3.5 and pumped at a flow rate of 1.2 mL/min. The eluted analytes are monitored with fluorescence detection at 440 nm after excitation at 280 nm. The developed method is linear over the concentration range of 20.0–200.0 ng/mL for both analytes. The method detection limits are 15.0 and 13.0 ng/mL and the limits of quantification are 20.0 and 18.0 ng/mL for loratadine and desloratadine, respectively. Validation of the developed method reveals an accuracy of higher than 97% and intra- and inter-day precisions with relative standard deviations not exceeding 2%. Conclusions The method can be successfully applied to the determination of both analytes in various matrices including pharmaceutical preparations, human urine, plasma and breast milk samples with a run-time of less than 5 min and without prior extraction procedures. The method is ideally suited for use in quality control laboratories. Moreover, it could be a simple time-saving alternative to the official pharmacopeial method for testing desloratadine as a potential impurity in loratadine bulk powder.Typical chromatogram of loratadine and its major metabolite desloratadine using the proposed micellar HPLC method ![]()
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Chang R, Fu Q, Yu P, Wang L, Li Y, Du W, Chang C, Zeng A. A new polymorphic form and polymorphic transformation of loratadine. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra14021a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, a new form of loratadine (Form B) was prepared from a 20% methanol and 80% water mixture and characterized by polarizing microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, powder X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruimiao Chang
- School of Pharmacy
- Health Science Center
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi′an 710061
- PR China
| | - Qiang Fu
- School of Pharmacy
- Health Science Center
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi′an 710061
- PR China
| | - Pei Yu
- School of Pharmacy
- Health Science Center
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi′an 710061
- PR China
| | - Lu Wang
- School of Pharmacy
- Health Science Center
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi′an 710061
- PR China
| | - Yong Li
- Department of Pharmacy
- Shanxi Dayi Hospital
- Taiyuan 030032
- PR China
| | - Wei Du
- School of Pharmacy
- Health Science Center
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi′an 710061
- PR China
| | - Chun Chang
- School of Pharmacy
- Health Science Center
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi′an 710061
- PR China
| | - Aiguo Zeng
- School of Pharmacy
- Health Science Center
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi′an 710061
- PR China
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Brasca R, Romero MA, Goicoechea HC, Kelterer AM, Fabian WMF. Spectroscopic behavior of loratadine and desloratadine in different aqueous media conditions studied by means of TD-DFT calculations. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2013; 115:250-258. [PMID: 23835058 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2013.06.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2013] [Revised: 05/14/2013] [Accepted: 06/08/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we explained the influence of the stepwise protonation of two antihistaminic drugs on their experimental absorption spectra. We demonstrated the capability of the TD-CAM-B3LYP method, combined with a polarizable continuum model, to produce good performance for the calculated spectra. The lowest energy transitions and the molecular orbital plots were analyzed in detail. The calculated UV spectra are proposed as potential alternatives to initialize the well-known MCR-ALS algorithm, especially when the spectra of the pure analytes are not available. Moreover, it can be a useful strategy for planning an experimental methodology oriented to multiway analysis when the drug species exhibit acid-base properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romina Brasca
- Laboratorio de Desarrollo Analítico y Quimiometría (LADAQ), Cátedra de Química Analítica I, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral-CONICET, Ciudad Universitaria, S3000ZAA Santa Fe, Argentina.
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Abstract
A prodrug is a compound that has negligible, or lower, activity against a specified pharmacological target than one of its major metabolites. Prodrugs can be used to improve drug delivery or pharmacokinetics, to decrease toxicity, or to target the drug to specific cells or tissues. Ester and phosphate hydrolysis are widely used in prodrug design because of their simplicity, but such approaches are relatively ineffective for targeting drugs to specific sites. The activation of prodrugs by the cytochrome P450 system provides a highly versatile approach to prodrug design that is particularly adaptable for targeting drug activation to the liver, to tumors or to hypoxic tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul R Ortiz de Montellano
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158-2517, USA.
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Hattori M, Mizuguchi H, Baba Y, Ono S, Nakano T, Zhang Q, Sasaki Y, Kobayashi M, Kitamura Y, Takeda N, Fukui H. Quercetin inhibits transcriptional up-regulation of histamine H1 receptor via suppressing protein kinase C-δ/extracellular signal-regulated kinase/poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 signaling pathway in HeLa cells. Int Immunopharmacol 2013; 15:232-9. [PMID: 23333628 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2012.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2012] [Revised: 12/29/2012] [Accepted: 12/31/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
It has been reported that the histamine H1 receptor (H1R) gene is up-regulated in patients with allergic rhinitis and H1R expression level strongly correlates with the severity of allergy symptoms. Accordingly compounds that suppress the H1R gene expression are promising as useful anti-allergic medications. Recently, we demonstrated that histamine or phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA) stimulation induced the up-regulation of H1R gene expression through the protein kinase Cδ (PKCδ)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase/poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 signaling pathway in HeLa cells expressing H1R endogenously. Quercetin is one of the well-characterized flavonoids and it possesses many biological activities including anti-allergic activity. However, effect of quercetin on H1R signaling is remained unknown. In the present study, we examined the effect of quercetin on histamine- and PMA-induced up-regulation of H1R gene expression in HeLa cells. We also investigated its in vivo effects on the toluene-2,4-diisocyanate (TDI)-sensitized allergy model rats. Quercetin suppressed histamine- and PMA-induced up-regulation of H1R gene expression. Quercetin also inhibited histamine- or PMA-induced phosphorylation of Tyr(311) of PKCδ and translocation of PKCδ to the Golgi. Pre-treatment with quercetin for 3weeks suppressed TDI-induced nasal allergy-like symptoms and elevation of H1R mRNA in the nasal mucosa of TDI-sensitized rats. These data suggest that quercetin suppresses H1R gene expression by the suppression of PKCδ activation through the inhibition of its translocation to the Golgi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Hattori
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan
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Hoyte FCL, Katial RK. Antihistamine therapy in allergic rhinitis. Immunol Allergy Clin North Am 2011; 31:509-43. [PMID: 21737041 DOI: 10.1016/j.iac.2011.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Antihistamines have long been a mainstay in the therapy for allergic rhinitis. Many different oral antihistamines are available for use, and they are classified as first generation or second generation based on their pharmacologic properties and side-effect profiles. The recent introduction of intranasal antihistamines has further expanded the role of antihistamines in the treatment of allergic rhinitis. Certain patient populations, such as children and pregnant or lactating women, require special consideration regarding antihistamine choice and dosing as part of rhinitis therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia C L Hoyte
- Division of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology, National Jewish Health, 1400 Jackson Street, Room K624, Denver, CO 80206, USA
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Anuradha P, Maiti R, Jyothirmai J, Mujeebuddin O, Anuradha M. Loratadine versus levocetirizine in chronic idiopathic urticaria: A comparative study of efficacy and safety. Indian J Pharmacol 2010; 42:12-6. [PMID: 20606830 PMCID: PMC2885633 DOI: 10.4103/0253-7613.62399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2008] [Revised: 05/08/2009] [Accepted: 02/03/2010] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Treatment of chronic idiopathic urticaria (CIU) is challenging because of its unpredictable course and negative influence on the quality of life. New treatments are being developed, but antihistaminics remain the cornerstone of the therapeutic approach. Newer generation antihistaminics such as loratadine and levocetirizine have already proved to be safe and efficacious for CIU. OBJECTIVE To choose the better drug between loratadine and levocetirizine for CIU, by comparing their efficacy and safety. METHODS A randomized, open, outdoor-based clinical study was conducted on 60 patients of CIU, to compare the two drugs. After initial clinical assessment and baseline investigations, loratadine was prescribed to 30 patients and levocetirizine to another 30 patients for four weeks. At follow-up, the patients were re-evaluated and then compared using different statistical tools. RESULT The comparative study showed that the changes in differential eosinophil count (P = 0.006) and absolute eosinophil count (P = 0.003) in the levocetirizine group was statistically significant. The results of the Total Symptom Score showed better symptomatic improvement of CIU with levocetirizine as compared to loratadine. The overall incidence of adverse drug reactions was also found to be less in the levocetirizine group. CONCLUSION An analysis of the results of all the parameters of safety and efficacy proves the superiority of levocetirizine over loratadine for CIU.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Anuradha
- Department of Pharmacology, Prathima Institute of Medical Sciences, Nagunur Road, Karimnagar, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Rituparna Maiti
- Department of Pharmacology, Prathima Institute of Medical Sciences, Nagunur Road, Karimnagar, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - J. Jyothirmai
- Department of Pharmacology, Prathima Institute of Medical Sciences, Nagunur Road, Karimnagar, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Omer Mujeebuddin
- Department of Dermatology, Prathima Institute of Medical Sciences, Nagunur Road, Karimnagar, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - M. Anuradha
- Department of Pharmacology, Prathima Institute of Medical Sciences, Nagunur Road, Karimnagar, Andhra Pradesh, India
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Benedetti MS, Whomsley R, Poggesi I, Cawello W, Mathy FX, Delporte ML, Papeleu P, Watelet JB. Drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics. Drug Metab Rev 2009; 41:344-90. [PMID: 19601718 DOI: 10.1080/10837450902891295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
In this article, aspects of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion have been described bearing in mind the pathogenesis of allergic diseases and their possible therapeutic opportunities. The importance of the routes of administration of the different therapeutic groups has been emphasized. The classical aspects of drug metabolism and disposition related to oral administration have been reviewed, but special emphasis has been given to intranasal, cutaneous, transdermal, and ocular administration as well as to the absorption and the subsequent bioavailability of drugs. Drug-metabolizing enzymes and transporters present in extrahepatic tissues, such as nasal mucosa and the respiratory tract, have been particularly discussed. As marketed antiallergic drugs include both racemates and enantiomers, aspects of stereoselective absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion have been discussed. Finally, a new and promising methodology, microdosing, has been presented, although it has not yet been applied to drugs used in the treatment of allergic diseases.
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Lu S, Malice MP, Dass SB, Reiss TF. Clinical studies of combination montelukast and loratadine in patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis. J Asthma 2009; 46:878-83. [PMID: 19905912 DOI: 10.3109/02770900903104540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Concomitant use of montelukast and loratadine may improve symptoms of seasonal allergic rhinitis (SAR) more than treatment with either drug alone. OBJECTIVE We compared the efficacy of this combination versus placebo, nasal beclomethasone, montelukast, and loratadine in study 1 and versus placebo, montelukast, and loratadine in study 2. METHODS Patients were randomly allocated to double-blind treatment with intranasal beclomethasone 200 mu g/twice daily (study 1 only), placebo, montelukast 10 mg+loratadine 10 mg, montelukast 10 mg, or loratadine 10 mg once daily. The primary endpoint was the Composite Symptom Score (CSS): average of daily diary scores for Daytime Nasal Symptoms and Nighttime Symptoms. RESULTS In study 1, improvements in the change from baseline in CSS were seen for montelukast+loratadine (least-squares means [95% CI] = -0.43 [-0.51, -0.35]), beclomethasone (-0.57 [-0.64, -0.49]), montelukast, and loratadine. All treatments were significantly better than placebo; montelukast+loratadine had a significantly greater effect on CSS than montelukast alone but no difference compared to loratadine was detected. Beclomethasone provided significantly greater improvement versus montelukast+loratadine on the primary and secondary endpoints except for the rhinoconjunctivitis quality-of-life score. In study 2, the combination treatment was similar to montelukast, loratadine, and placebo for the primary and secondary endpoints. CONCLUSION In study 1, montelukast+loratadine had a significantly greater effect on CSS than placebo and montelukast alone; however, in all comparisons, nasal beclomethasone had a greater effect on daily symptoms. In contrast, the combination of montelukast+loratadine in study 2 did not provide greater improvement compared with placebo, montelukast, or loratadine monotherapy, perhaps due to a large placebo effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Lu
- Merck Research Laboratories, Clinical Research, 126 East Lincoln Avenue, RY 34B-348, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA.
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Dridi D, Boughattas NA, Aouam K, Reinberg A, Ben Attia M. Circadian Time‐Dependent Differences in Murine Tolerance to the Antihistaminic Agent Loratadine. Chronobiol Int 2009; 22:499-514. [PMID: 16076650 DOI: 10.1081/cbi-200062369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Loratadine is a second-generation histamine H(1)-receptor antagonist used in the treatment of allergic diseases. The aim of the study was to assess whether lethal toxicity and motor incoordination (neurotoxicity) of loratadine is circadian rhythm-dependent. A total of 210 male Swiss mice, aged 10 wk, were synchronized for 3 wk to 12 h light (rest span)/12 h dark (activity span). The drug was administered per os. The choice of the sublethal (TD(50) = 82 mg/kg body weight) and the lethal (LD(50) = 4 g/kg body weight) dosage was based on preliminary studies. Each of these two doses was administered to comparable groups of animals at six different circadian time points (1, 5, 9, 13, 17, and 21 Hours After Light Onset [HALO]). The survival duration was dosing time-dependent (chi(2) = 16.96; p < 0.001). Drug dosing at 17 HALO resulted in best (67%) survival rate; whereas, dosing at 9 HALO resulted in poorest (21%) survival rate. Cosinor analyses (with a trial period tau = 24 h) validated a statistically significant circadian rhythm in survival rate (p < 0.04) with an acrophase (peak time Ø of best tolerance to loratadine) being at 17.5 HALO +/- 4.65 h. Troughs of motor incoordination were located at the administration times of 5 and 17 HALO (60% and 32% of animals affected, respectively), whereas peaks were located at 9 and 21 HALO (87% and 68% of animals affected, respectively). The 24 h mean of the motor incoordination was 61%, the mean proportion of animals affected by the treatment for the six different circadian times studies. The extent of this neurotoxic effect varied as a function of loratadine dosing time (p < 0.001). A statistically significant ultradian component rhythm (p < 0.01) with a trial period tau = 12 h was also validated. The obtained results show that the dosing time of loratadine at the mid-activity (dark) span seems to be optimal, since it corresponds to the longest (21 vs. 12 days) survival span and to least neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorra Dridi
- Laboratoire de Pharmacologie, Faculté de Médecine, Monastir, Tunisia
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Picard N, Dridi D, Sauvage FL, Boughattas NA, Marquet P. General unknown screening procedure for the characterization of human drug metabolites: Application to loratadine phase I metabolism. J Sep Sci 2009; 32:2209-17. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200900099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Ramanathan R, Reyderman L, Kulmatycki K, Su AD, Alvarez N, Chowdhury SK, Alton KB, Wirth MA, Clement RP, Statkevich P, Patrick JE. Disposition of loratadine in healthy volunteers. Xenobiotica 2008; 37:753-69. [PMID: 17620221 DOI: 10.1080/00498250701463317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The absorption, metabolism and excretion of carbon-14-labeled loratadine (LOR, SCH 29851, Claritin) administered orally to healthy male volunteers were evaluated. Following a single oral 10-mg dose of [(14)C]LOR ( approximately 102 microCi), concentrations of LOR and desloratadine (DL; a pharmacologically active descarboethoxy metabolite of LOR) were determined in plasma. Metabolites in plasma, urine and feces were characterized using a liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry system (LC-MS) connected in line with a flow scintillation analyzer (FSA). Maximum plasma LOR and DL concentrations were achieved at 1.5 h and 1.6 h, respectively; thus, LOR was rapidly absorbed but also rapidly metabolized as indicated by these similar t(max) values. Metabolite profiles of plasma showed that LOR was extensively metabolized via descarboethoxylation, oxidation and glucuronidation. Major circulating metabolites included 3-hydroxy-desloratadine glucuonide (3-OH-DL-Glu), dihydroxy-DL-glucuronides, and several metabolites resulting from descarboethoxylation and oxidation of the piperidine ring. LOR was completely metabolized by 6 h post-dose. LOR-derived radiocarbon was excreted almost equally in the urine (41%) and feces (43%). About 13% of the dose was eliminated in the urine as 3-OH-DL-Glu. DL accounted for less than 2% of the dose recovered in the urine and only trace amounts of LOR were detected. 3-OH-DL was the major fecal metabolite ( approximately 17% of the dose). The combined amount of 5- and 6-hydroxy-DL contributed to an additional 10.7% of the dose in feces. Approximately 5.4% and 2.7% of the dose were excreted in the feces as unchanged drug and DL, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Ramanathan
- Schering-Plough Research Institute, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA.
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Taglialatela M, Annunziato L. Novel insights into the molecular mechanism of the cardiac actions of histamine H
1
receptor antagonists. Dermatol Ther 2008. [DOI: 10.1046/j.1529-8019.2000.00039.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Taglialatela
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience and Behavioral Science,
School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Lucio Annunziato
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience and Behavioral Science,
School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne K. Ellis
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Queen's University and
Kingston General Hospital, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - James H. Day
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Queen's University and
Kingston General Hospital, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
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Das AK, Yoshimura S, Mishima R, Fujimoto K, Mizuguchi H, Dev S, Wakayama Y, Kitamura Y, Horio S, Takeda N, Fukui H. Stimulation of histamine H1 receptor up-regulates histamine H1 receptor itself through activation of receptor gene transcription. J Pharmacol Sci 2007; 103:374-82. [PMID: 17409634 DOI: 10.1254/jphs.fp0061411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Histamine is a major mediator in allergy acting mainly through the histamine H(1) receptor (H1R). Although H1R up-regulation has been suggested as an important step for induction of allergic symptoms, little is known about the regulation of H1R level. Here we report that the activation of H1R up-regulates H1R through augmentation of H1R mRNA expression in HeLa cells. Histamine stimulation significantly increased both H1R promoter activity and mRNA level without alteration in mRNA stability. H1R protein was also up-regulated by histamine. An H1R antagonist but not histamine H(2) receptor antagonist blocked histamine-induced up-regulation of both promoter activity and mRNA expression. A protein kinase C (PKC) activator, phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate, increased H1R mRNA expression, whereas an activator of PKA or PKG (8-Br-cAMP or 8-Br-cGMP, respectively) did not. Furthermore, histamine-induced up-regulation of both promoter activity and mRNA level were completely suppressed by the PKC inhibitor Ro-31-8220. H1R antagonists have long been thought to block H1R and inhibit immediate allergy symptoms. In addition to this short-term effect, our data propose their long-term inhibitory effect against allergic diseases by suppressing PKC-mediated H1R gene transcription. This finding provides new insights into the therapeutic target of H1R antagonist in allergic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asish K Das
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima, Japan
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Traidl-Hoffmann C, Münster I, Ring J, Behrendt H. Impact of Desloratadine and Loratadine on the Crosstalk between Human Keratinocytes and Leukocytes: Implications for Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Antihistamines. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2006; 140:315-20. [PMID: 16741367 DOI: 10.1159/000093709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2005] [Accepted: 02/27/2006] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Desloratadine is an H1-histamine antagonist which possesses additional anti-inflammatory properties through inhibition of leukocyte activation and reduction of ICAM-1 expression on mucosal epithelial cells. So far no studies have addressed the potential anti-inflammatory activities of desloratadine and loratadine on skin keratinocytes. OBJECTIVE In this study the capacity of desloratadine and loratadine to counteract human keratinocyte activation by interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) was analyzed. In particular, the chemokine release of kerationcytes and the crosstalk between keratinocytes and lymphocytes were examined. METHOD Keratinocyte cultures established from normal skin of healthy donors were activated by IFN-gamma in the absence or presence of desloratadine and loratadine, and tested for the release of CCL5/RANTES, CXCL8/IL-8, CCL17/TARC and CXCL10/IP-10. Furthermore the supernatants of differentially stimulated keratinocytes were used for migration studies of human neutrophils, eosinophils and polarized Th1/Th2 clones. RESULTS Desloratadine and loratadine inhibited the constitutive and IFN-gamma-induced release of CCL5, CXCL8 and CXCL10 from keratinocytes, while the low release of CCL17 remained unchanged. Furthermore the crosstalk between lymphocytes and keratinocytes was blocked as shown by a reduced capacity of desloratadine/loratadine-stimulated keratinocytes to attract human neutrophils, eosinophils and T cells. CONCLUSIONS The results indicate that desloratadine has the capacity to block the IFN-gamma-induced activation of keratinocytes, and that it can thus exert important regulatory effects on cell-mediated immune responses in the skin. The rather high doses required for these effects argue for a topical application when trying to use desloratadine in epidermal inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Traidl-Hoffmann
- Division of Environmental Dermatology and Allergy GSF/TUM, ZAUM--Center for Allergy and Environment, Munich, Germany.
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CIPRANDI G, PRONZATO C, RICCA V, PASSALACQUA G, DANZIG M, CANONICA GW. Loratadine treatment of rhinitis due to pollen allergy reduces epithelial ICAM-1 expression. Clin Exp Allergy 2006. [PMID: 9383258 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.1997.tb01155.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Piñeyro-López A, Pineyro-Garza E, Torres-Alanís O, Reyes-Araiza R, Gómez Silva M, Wacksman N, Lujàn Rangel R, de Lago A, Trejo D, Gonzàlez-de la Parra M, Namur S. Bioavailability of two oral formulations of loratadine 20 mg with concomitant ketoconazole: An open-label, randomized, two-period crossover comparison in healthy Mexican adult volunteers. Clin Ther 2006; 28:110-5. [PMID: 16490584 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2006.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/27/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Loratadine is a long-acting antihistamine with selective peripheral histamine H(1)-receptor antagonistic activity and fewer sedative effects compared with conventional antihistamines, and is widely used in Mexico. Although several generic formulations of loratadine are available in Mexico, based on a literature search, information concerning the bioavailability of each formulation in the Mexican population is not available. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to compare the bioavailability and tolerability of 2 oral formulations of loratadine 20 mg (two 10-mg tablets) used in Mexico: Sensibit (test formulation; Laboratorios Liomont S.A. de C.V., Mexico City, Mexico) and Clarityne (reference formulation; Schering-Plough S.A. de C.V., Mexico City, Mexico) in healthy volunteers. METHODS This open-label, randomized, 2-period crossover study was conducted at Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico. Eligible subjects were healthy male Mexican volunteers aged > or=18 years. Subjects were randomly assigned to receive a single 20-mg dose (two 10-mg tablets) of the test or reference formulation, followed by a 2-week washout period, followed by the same dose of the alternate formulation. A 400-mg dose of ketoconazole (2 doses in 24 hours) was administered to each subject before the administration of each formulation, and a 200-mg dose of ketoconazole was given together with each formulation (ie, a total of 600 mg of ketoconazole was administered). Doses were administered after a 12-hour overnight fast. For analysis of pharmacokinetic properties, including C(maX), AUC(0-t), and AUC(0-infinity), blood samples were drawn at 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.25, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 5, 8, 12, 16, and 22 hours after dosing. The formulations were considered bioequivalent if the geometric mean ratios of C(maX) and AUC were within the predetermined equivalence range of 80% to 125%. Tolerability was assessed by monitoring vital signs and subject interview regarding the potential presence of adverse events (AEs). RESULTS Thirty-two subjects were enrolled in the study (mean age, 22 years [range, 18-28 years]; mean weight, 68.9 kg [range, 58-79 kg]; mean height, 170.8 cm [range, 158-183 cm]). Sixteen subjects received the test formulation first. No period or sequence effect was observed. The 90% CIs for the corresponding ratios of CmaX, AUC(0-t), and AUC(0-infinity) were 81.43% to 106.01%, 83.12% to 100.23%, and 84.06% to 101.10% (all, P < 0.05), meeting the predetermined criteria for bioequivalence. Similar results were found for data without a logarithmic transformation. No AEs were reported throughout the study. CONCLUSIONS In this small study in healthy Mexican volunteers, a single, 20-mg dose of the test formulation of loratadine was found to be bioequivalent to that of the reference formulation based on the rate and extent of absorption when concomitantly administered with ketoconazole. Both formulations were well tolerated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Piñeyro-López
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, NuevoLeon, Mexico
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Ratner P, Falqués M, Chuecos F, Esbrí R, Gispert J, Peris F, Luria X, Rosales MJ. Meta-analysis of the efficacy of ebastine 20 mg compared to loratadine 10 mg and placebo in the symptomatic treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2005; 138:312-8. [PMID: 16224195 DOI: 10.1159/000088869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2005] [Accepted: 06/20/2005] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few randomized studies have compared the efficacy of ebastine and loratadine in the symptomatic treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis (SAR). METHODS A meta-analysis was performed on data from four randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group clinical trials comparing the efficacy of ebastine 20 mg once daily versus loratadine 10 mg once daily in the symptomatic treatment of SAR symptoms. Primary efficacy variable was the mean change in the overall mean daily reflective total symptom score (TSS), i.e. the sum of five rhinitis symptom scores: nasal discharge, nasal congestion, nasal itching, sneezing and total eye symptoms (itchy/watery eyes) over the first 2 weeks of treatment compared to baseline. RESULTS There were 2,089 patients in the population analyzed: 749, 739 and 601 patients in the ebastine 20 mg, loratadine 10 mg and placebo groups, respectively. Compared to baseline, overall mean daily reflective TSS over the first 2 weeks of treatment was -3.61 (35.4% reduction from baseline) in the ebastine group, -3.05 (29.0% reduction) in the loratadine group and -2.30 (22.7% reduction) in the placebo group. Statistically significant differences in the mean change from baseline were found when comparing ebastine and loratadine (p<0.001), ebastine and placebo (p<0.0001), and loratadine and placebo (p<0.0001). The global effect (i.e. the difference in overall mean daily reflective TSS over the first 2 weeks of treatment) of ebastine compared with loratadine over the first 2 weeks of treatment was -0.56 (95% confidence interval, CI, -0.86 to -0.26), and it was sustained during the whole (4-week) period studied. The global effects of ebastine and loratadine compared with placebo were -1.30 (95% CI, -1.61 to -0.99) and -0.74 (95% CI, -1.05 to -0.43), respectively. Secondary variables (reflective and snapshot individual symptom scores) showed the same trend. CONCLUSIONS This meta-analysis confirms that ebastine 20 mg has a good efficacy profile, inducing a greater decrease from baseline in mean rhinitis symptom scores than loratadine 10 mg or placebo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Ratner
- Sylvana Research Associates, San Antonio, Texas, USA
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Howell G, West L, Jenkins C, Lineberry B, Yokum D, Rockhold R. In vivo antimuscarinic actions of the third generation antihistaminergic agent, desloratadine. BMC Pharmacol 2005; 5:13. [PMID: 16109168 PMCID: PMC1192807 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2210-5-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2004] [Accepted: 08/18/2005] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Muscarinic receptor mediated adverse effects, such as sedation and xerostomia, significantly hinder the therapeutic usefulness of first generation antihistamines. Therefore, second and third generation antihistamines which effectively antagonize the H1 receptor without significant affinity for muscarinic receptors have been developed. However, both in vitro and in vivo experimentation indicates that the third generation antihistamine, desloratadine, antagonizes muscarinic receptors. To fully examine the in vivo antimuscarinic efficacy of desloratadine, two murine and two rat models were utilized. The murine models sought to determine the efficacy of desloratadine to antagonize muscarinic agonist induced salivation, lacrimation, and tremor. Desloratadine's effect on the cardiovascular system was explored in both rodent models. Results In the pithed rat, both desloratadine (1.0 mg/kg, i.v.) and the muscarinic M2 selective antagonist, methoctramine (0.5 mg/kg, i.v.), inhibited negative inotropic (left ventricular dP/dt) effects caused by oxotremorine, a nonselective muscarinic agonist (p < 0.05). Negative chronotropic effects caused by oxotremorine were inhibited by desloratadine, methoctramine, and the muscarinic M3 selective antagonist, 4-DAMP (1.0 mg/kg, i.v.). A late positive inotropic event observed after the initial decrease was inhibited by all three test compounds with desloratadine and 4-DAMP being the most efficacious. In the conscious animal, inhibition of baroreflex-mediated bradycardia was evaluated. Unlike atropine (0.5 mg/kg, i.v.), desloratadine did not alter this bradycardia. The antimuscarinic action of desloratadine on salivation, lacrimation, and tremor was also explored. In urethane-anesthetized (1.5 g/kg, i.p.) male ICR mice (25–35 g) desloratadine (1.0, 5.0 mg/kg) did not inhibit oxotremorine-induced (0.5 mg/kg, s.c.) salivation, unlike atropine (0.5 mg/kg) and 4-DAMP (1.0 mg/kg). In conscious mice, desloratadine failed to inhibit oxotremorine-induced (0.5 mg/kg, s.c.) salivation, lacrimation, and tremor. However, desloratadine did inhibit oxotremorine-induced tremor in phenylephrine pretreated animals. Conclusion The presented data demonstrate that the third generation antihistamine, desloratadine, does not significantly antagonize peripheral muscarinic receptors mediating salivation and lacrimation, therefore, xerostomia and dry eyes should not be observed with therapeutic use of desloratadine. Our data also indicate when administered to a patient with a compromised blood-brain barrier, desloratadine may cause sedation. Patients with compromised cardiovascular systems should be closely monitored when administered desloratadine based on our results that desloratadine has the ability to interfere with normal cardiovascular function mediated by muscarinic receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Howell
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - L West
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | | | - B Lineberry
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - D Yokum
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - R Rockhold
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
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Handley DA, Magnetti A, Higgins AJ. Therapeutic advantages of third generation antihistamines. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2005; 7:1045-54. [PMID: 15992014 DOI: 10.1517/13543784.7.7.1045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
A third generation of antihistamines is emerging for the treatment of allergic rhinitis and chronic urticaria. First generation antihistamines are among the most widely used drugs in the world, and provide symptomatic relief from allergies and the common cold to millions of patients, mainly in OTC combination preparations. Their full potential is limited by the sedation caused by their effects on histamine receptors in the brain. Second generation antihistamines (terfenadine, astemizole, loratadine and cetirizine), which block peripheral H1 receptors without penetrating the blood-brain barrier, were developed and introduced from 1981 onwards to provide comparable therapeutic benefit without the CNS side-effects. Although largely successful in this goal, terfenadine and astemizole were found to cause potentially serious arrhythmias when plasma concentrations became elevated subsequent to impaired metabolism. It was established that the cardiac toxicity was mainly due to the parent drugs. As active metabolites could account for most of the clinical benefit, the goal for the third generation of antihistamines became to develop therapeutically active metabolites that were devoid of cardiac toxicity. The first of these drugs, fexofenadine (the active metabolite of terfenadine), was approved in July 1996, after an unusually rapid development programme. Its introduction set a new standard of safety that led the FDA to request the withdrawal of terfenadine in 1997 on the grounds that a safer version of an equivalent drug was now available. Norastemizole and descarboethoxy loratadine, the metabolites of astemizole and loratadine, respectively, are also in clinical development. These offer comparable or superior clinical benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- D A Handley
- Sepracor, Inc., 111 Locke Drive, Marlborough, MA 01752, USA
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Hossen MA, Fujii Y, Ogawa M, Takubo M, Tsumuro T, Kamei C. Effect of loratadine on mouse models of atopic dermatitis associated pruritus. Int Immunopharmacol 2005; 5:1331-6. [PMID: 15914337 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2005.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2004] [Revised: 01/07/2005] [Accepted: 02/09/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
To confirm the effectiveness of loratadine for relieving pruritus in atopic dermatitis, we examined the effect of this drug using animal models of atopic dermatitis associated pruritus in ICR and hairless mice. As for the results, in ICR mice, single oral administration of loratadine at a dose of 5 or 10 mg/kg significantly inhibited the dorsal scratching behavior induced by histamine or an antigen, and the effect of loratadine was more potent than that of fexofenadine and chlorpheniramine. In hairless mice, oral administration of loratadine at a dose of 10 mg/kg for 6 days significantly inhibited the facial scratching behavior induced by the feeding of a low magnesium diet. Furthermore, oral administration of loratadine at a dose of 10 mg/kg for 7 days also significantly inhibited the histamine-induced scratching behavior in the same animals. These results indicate that loratadine may be effective in preventing pruritus associated with atopic dermatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Alejandra Hossen
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Tsushima-naka 1-1-1, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
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Dridi D, Ben Attia M, Reinberg A, Boughattas NA. [Circadian rhythms in the toxic effects of the histamine antagonist cetirizine in mice]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 53:193-8. [PMID: 15850951 DOI: 10.1016/j.patbio.2004.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2004] [Accepted: 07/09/2004] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Cetirizine is a second generation histamine H(1) receptor antagonist used to provide symptomatic relief of allergic signs caused by histamine release. The aim of the study was to learn whether the survival and the motor incoordination (ataxia) side effect of cetirizine administration is dosing time-dependent. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 240 male Swiss mice, 10 weeks of age were synchronized for 3 weeks by 12 h light (rest span)/12 h dark (activity span). Different doses of cetirizine were administered orally at fixed times during the day to determine both the sublethal (TD(50)) and lethal (LD(50)) doses, which were, respectively, 55 +/- 0.35 and 750 +/- 0.40 mg/kg. In the chronotoxicologic study a single dose of cetirizine (DL(50)) was administered to comparable groups of animals at six different circadian stages [1, 5, 9, 13, 17, 21 h after light onset (HALO)]. RESULTS The survival was statistically significant dosing time-dependent (chi(2) = 16.73; P < 0.001). Drug dosing at 17 HALO resulted in 83.3% survival rate whereas drug dosing at 5 HALO was only 23.25%. Cosinor analysis revealed a statistically significant circadian (period approximately 24 h) rhythmic component in survival. Lowest (20%) and highest (88%) ataxia occurred when cetirizine was administered, respectively, at 17 and 5 HALO. Cosinor analysis revealed a statistically significant circadian (period approximately 24 h) rhythmic component in ataxia. CONCLUSION Our results reveal that the best safety is shown when cetirizine is administered in the middle of the dark (activity) span of the mice, since it produces some side effects: ataxia and hyperthermia. Taking into account of the hour administration of cetirizine, improves treatment efficacy and permit the best control of allergic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Dridi
- Laboratoire de pharmacologie, faculté de médecine, Monastir, Tunisie.
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Matsubara M, Tamura T, Ohmori K, Hasegawa K. Histamine H1 receptor antagonist blocks histamine-induced proinflammatory cytokine production through inhibition of Ca2+-dependent protein kinase C, Raf/MEK/ERK and IKK/IκB/NF-κB signal cascades. Biochem Pharmacol 2005; 69:433-49. [PMID: 15652235 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2004.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2004] [Accepted: 10/20/2004] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Histamine H1 receptor (H1R), a therapeutic target for alleviation of acute allergic reaction, may be also involved in mediating inflammatory responses via effects on cytokine production. However, the mechanisms whereby histamine induces cytokine production are poorly defined. In this study, we comprehensively investigated the signaling pathway involved in cytokine expression caused by histamine, using native human epidermal keratinocytes. We confirmed the expression of functional H1R by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), Western blotting and histamine-induced Ca(2+) elevation. Histamine induced concentration- and time-dependent production of granulocyte-macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), interleukin (IL)-8 and IL-6, which was completely blocked by olopatadine, an H1 antagonist. Histamine activated the phosphorylation of protein kinase C (PKC), c-Raf, mitogen-activated protein/extracellular signal-regulated kinase kinase (MEK), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), I kappa B kinase (IKK), inhibitory kappa B (I kappa B)-alpha and nuclear factor-KB (NF-kappa B) p65, which was inhibited by Ro-31-8220, a PKC inhibitor. Also, Ro-31-8220 significantly suppressed the expression of these cytokines. BAPTA-AM, an intracellular Ca(2+) chelator, also reduced PKC phosphorylation and cytokine expression. PD98059, a MEK inhibitor, and BAY 11-8702, an I kappa B-alpha inhibitor, reduced ERK and NF-kappa B cascade activation, respectively, with little effect on PKC phosphorylation. PD98059 preferentially inhibited GM-CSF production whereas BAY 11-8702 prevented IL-8 and IL-6 production. Furthermore, in addition to the above cytokines, histamine stimulated the biosynthesis and/or release of numerous keratinocyte-derived mediators, which are probably regulated by the ERK or NF-kappa B cascades. Our study suggests that histamine activates Ca(2+)-dependent PKC isoforms that play crucial roles in the activation of Raf/MEK/ERK and IKK/I kappa B/NF-kappa B cascades, leading to up-regulation of cytokine expression. Thus, the anti-inflammatory benefit of H1 antagonists may be in part due to prevention of cytokine production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Matsubara
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Biology, Pharmaceutical Research Center, Kyowa Hakko Kogyo Co. Ltd., Shizuoka 411-8731, Japan.
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Abstract
Antihistamines are useful medications for the treatment of a variety of allergic disorders. Second-generation antihistamines avidly and selectively bind to peripheral histamine H1 receptors and, consequently, provide gratifying relief of histamine-mediated symptoms in a majority of atopic patients. This tight receptor specificity additionally leads to few effects on other neuronal or hormonal systems, with the result that adverse effects associated with these medications, with the exception of noticeable sedation in about 10% of cetirizine-treated patients, resemble those of placebo overall. Similarly, serious adverse drug reactions and interactions are uncommon with these medicines. Therapeutic interchange to one of the available second-generation antihistamines is a reasonable approach to limiting an institutional formulary, and adoption of such a policy has proven capable of creating substantial cost savings. Differences in overall efficacy and safety between available second-generation antihistamines, when administered in equivalent dosages, are not large. However, among the antihistamines presently available, fexofenadine may offer the best overall balance of effectiveness and safety, and this agent is an appropriate selection for initial or switch therapy for most patients with mild or moderate allergic symptoms. Cetirizine is the most potent antihistamine available and has been subjected to more clinical study than any other. This agent is appropriate for patients proven unresponsive to other antihistamines and for those with the most severe symptoms who might benefit from antihistamine treatment of the highest potency that can be dose-titrated up to maximal intensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larry K Golightly
- Pharmacy Care Team, University of Colorado Hospital, Denver, Colorado 80262, USA.
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Janssens F, Leenaerts J, Diels G, De Boeck B, Megens A, Langlois X, van Rossem K, Beetens J, Borgers M. Norpiperidine Imidazoazepines as a New Class of Potent, Selective, and Nonsedative H1 Antihistamines. J Med Chem 2004; 48:2154-66. [PMID: 15771458 DOI: 10.1021/jm049495j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Clinical doses of available H(1) antihistamines are limited mainly by sedative side effects. However, higher doses are often required to obtain optimal therapeutic activity, especially in dermatology. We report the synthesis of three norpiperidine imidazoazepines representative of a new class of selective and nonsedating H(1) antihistamines. The compounds were at least as potent as cetirizine and loratadine as measured by H(1) receptor binding affinity, by protection against compound 48/80- and histamine-induced lethality in rats and guinea pigs, respectively, and by skin reaction tests in rats, guinea pigs, and dogs. The compounds, in particular 3a, were less prone than the reference compounds to penetrate the brain and to occupy central H(1) receptors, suggesting absence of sedative side effects. In vitro and in vivo cardiovascular safety tests showed that 3a had no intrinsic potential to prolong ventricular repolarization or induce cardiac arrhythmias. Compound 3a has been selected for further clinical development, mainly for application in dermatology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frans Janssens
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development, a division of Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Turnhoutseweg 30, B-2340 Beerse, Belgium.
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Amini H, Ahmadiani A. Rapid determination of loratadine in small volume plasma samples by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2004; 809:227-30. [PMID: 15315769 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2004.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2004] [Revised: 05/12/2004] [Accepted: 06/14/2004] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A simple and rapid high-performance liquid chromatographic method with fluorescence detection was developed for the determination of loratadine in small volume plasma samples. Liquid-liquid extraction of loratadine and diazepam (as internal standard) from plasma samples was performed with n-butyl alcohol/n-hexane (2:98, v/v) in alkaline condition followed by back-extraction into diluted perchloric acid. Chromatography was carried out using a C8 column (250 x 4.6 mm, 5 microm) under isocratic elution with acetonitrile-20 mM sodium dihydrogen phosphate-triethylamine (43:57:0.02, v/v), pH 2.4. Analyses were run at a flow-rate of 1.0 ml/min at room temperature. The method was specific and sensitive with a quantitation limit of 0.62 ng/ml and a detection limit of 0.2 ng/ml at a signal-to-noise ratio of 3:1. The mean absolute recovery of loratadine from plasma was 84%, while the intra-and inter-day coefficient of variation and percent error values of the assay method were all less than 9.7%. Linearity was assessed in the range of 0.62-20 ng/ml in plasma with a correlation coefficient of greater than 0.999. The method has been used to analyze several hundred human plasma samples for bioavailability studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Amini
- Department of Pharmacology, Neuroscience Research Center, Shaheed Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 19835-355, Tehran, Iran
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Nielsen LP, Dahl R. Comparison of intranasal corticosteroids and antihistamines in allergic rhinitis: a review of randomized, controlled trials. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 2:55-65. [PMID: 14720022 DOI: 10.1007/bf03256639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
For several years there has been discussion of whether first-line pharmacological treatment of allergic rhinitis should be antihistamines or intranasal corticosteroids. No well documented, clinically relevant differences seem to exist for individual nonsedating antihistamines in the treatment of allergic rhinitis. Likewise, the current body of literature does not seem to favor any specific intranasal corticosteroid. When comparing efficacy of antihistamines and intranasal corticosteroids in allergic rhinitis, present data favor intranasal corticosteroids. Interestingly, data do not support antihistamines as superior in treating conjunctivitis associated with allergic rhinitis. Safety data from comparative studies in allergic rhinitis do not indicate differences between antihistamines and intranasal corticosteroids. Combining antihistamines and intranasal corticosteroids in the treatment of allergic rhinitis does not provide additional beneficial effects to intranasal corticosteroids alone. Considering present data, intranasal corticosteroids seem to offer superior relief in allergic rhinitis, when compared with antihistamines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars P Nielsen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Bonanni
- ALK- Abellò S.p.A., Via Settembrini 60, 20020 Lainate, Milan, Italy
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Yin OQP, Shi X, Chow MSS. Reliable and specific high-performance liquid chromatographic method for simultaneous determination of loratadine and its metabolite in human plasma. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2003; 796:165-72. [PMID: 14552827 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2003.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
A high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method with fluorescence detection has been developed for the simultaneous determination of loratadine (L) and its metabolite, descarboethoxyloratadine (DCL), in human plasma. Following a two-step liquid-liquid extraction with toluene, the analytes were separated using a gradient mobile phase consisting of methanol-acetonitrile-phosphate buffer. The linearity for L and DCL was within the concentration range of 0.5-16 ng/ml. The coefficient of variation of intra- and inter-day assay was <8.3%, with accuracy ranging from 98.3 to 105.7%. The lower limit of quantification was 0.5 ng/ml for both L and DCL. This method has been demonstrated to be reliable, and is an improvement over existing methods due to its capability for determining L and DCL simultaneously in a single chromatographic run.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ophelia Q P Yin
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong.
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