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Yasamineh S, Mehrabani FJ, Derafsh E, Danihiel Cosimi R, Forood AMK, Soltani S, Hadi M, Gholizadeh O. Potential Use of the Cholesterol Transfer Inhibitor U18666A as a Potent Research Tool for the Study of Cholesterol Mechanisms in Neurodegenerative Disorders. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:3503-3527. [PMID: 37995080 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03798-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Cholesterol is an essential component of mammalian cell membranes and a precursor for crucial signaling molecules. The brain contains the highest level of cholesterol in the body, and abnormal cholesterol metabolism links to many neurodegenerative disorders. The results indicate that faulty cholesterol metabolism is a common feature among people living with neurodegenerative conditions. The researchers suggest that restoring cholesterol levels may become a beneficial new strategy in treating certain neurodegenerative conditions. Several neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Niemann-Pick type C (NPC) disease, and Parkinson's disease (PD), have been connected to abnormalities in brain cholesterol metabolism. Consequently, using a lipid research tool is vital to study further and understand the effect of lipids in neurodegenerative disorders such as NPC, AD, PD, and Huntington's disease (HD). U18666A, also known as 3-(2-(diethylamino) ethoxy) androst-5-en-17-one, is a pharmaceutical drug that suppresses cholesterol trafficking and is a well-known class-2 amphiphile. U18666A has performed many functions, allowing for essential discoveries in lipid studies and shedding light on the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative disorders. Additionally, U18666A prevented the downregulation of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptors that are induced by LDL and led to the buildup of cholesterol in lysosomes. Numerous studies show that U18666A impacts the function of cholesterol trafficking to control the metabolism and transport of amyloid precursor proteins (APPs). Treating cortical neurons with U18666A may provide a new in vitro model system for studying the underlying molecular process of NPC, AD, HD, and PD. In this article, we review the mechanism and function of U18666A as a vital tool for studying cholesterol mechanisms in neurological diseases related to abnormal cholesterol metabolism, such as AD, NPC, HD, and PD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ehsan Derafsh
- Windsor University School of Medicine, Cayon, Saint Kitts and Nevis
| | | | | | - Siamak Soltani
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Meead Hadi
- Department Of Microbiology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Tehran Central Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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Li D, Chen J, Zhou F, Zhang W, Chen H. Aldo-keto reductase-7A2 protects against atorvastatin-induced hepatotoxicity via Nrf2 activation. Chem Biol Interact 2024; 393:110956. [PMID: 38484826 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2024.110956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
Atorvastatin (ATO), as a cholesterol-lowering drug, was the world's best-selling drug in the early 2000s. However, ATO overdose-induced liver or muscle injury is a threat to many patients, which restricts its application. Previous studies suggest that ATO overdose is accompanied with ROS accumulation and increased lipid peroxidation, which are the leading causes of ATO-induced liver damage. This study is, therefore, carried out to investigate the roles of anti-oxidant pathways and enzymes in protection against ATO-induced hepatotoxicity. Here we show that in ATO-challenged HepG2 cells, the expression levels of transcription factor NFE2L2/Nrf2 (nuclear factor erythroid 2 p45-related factor 2) are significantly upregulated. When Nrf2 is pharmacologically inhibited or genetically inactivated, ATO-induced cytotoxicity is significantly aggravated. Aldo-keto reductase-7A (AKR7A) enzymes, transcriptionally regulated by Nrf2, are important for bioactivation and biodetoxification. Here, we reveal that in response to ATO exposure, mRNA levels of human AKR7A2 are significantly upregulated in HepG2 cells. Furthermore, knockdown of AKR7A2 exacerbates ATO-induced hepatotoxicity, suggesting that AKR7A2 is essential for cellular adaptive response to ATO-induced cell damage. In addition, overexpression of AKR7A2 in HepG2 cells can significantly mitigate ATO-induced cytotoxicity and this process is Nrf2-dependent. Taken together, these findings indicate that Nrf2-mediated AKR7A2 is responsive to high concentrations of ATO and contributes to protection against ATO-induced hepatotoxicity, making it a good candidate for mitigating ATO-induced side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China.
| | - Jiajin Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Fei Zhou
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Wenhe Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Hongyu Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
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Wagner JB, Abdel-Rahman S, Raghuveer G, Gaedigk A, Boone EC, Gaedigk R, Staggs VS, Reed GA, Zhang N, Leeder JS. SLCO1B1 Genetic Variation Influence on Atorvastatin Systemic Exposure in Pediatric Hypercholesterolemia. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:99. [PMID: 38254988 PMCID: PMC10815823 DOI: 10.3390/genes15010099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
This clinical study examined the influence of SLCO1B1 c.521T>C (rs4149056) on plasma atorvastatin concentrations in pediatric hypercholesterolemia. The participants (8-21 years), including heterozygous (c.521T/C, n = 13), homozygous (c.521C/C, n = 2) and controls (c.521T/T, n = 13), completed a single-oral-dose pharmacokinetic study. Similar to in adults, the atorvastatin (AVA) area-under-concentration-time curve from 0 to 24 h (AUC0-24) was 1.7-fold and 2.8-fold higher in participants with c.521T/C and c.521C/C compared to the c.521T/T participants, respectively. The inter-individual variability in AVA exposure within these genotype groups ranged from 2.3 to 4.8-fold, indicating that additional factors contribute to the inter-individual variability in the AVA dose-exposure relationship. A multivariate model reinforced the SLCO1B1 c.521T>C variant as the central factor contributing to AVA systemic exposure in this pediatric cohort, accounting for ~65% of the variability in AVA AUC0-24. Furthermore, lower AVA lactone concentrations in participants with increased body mass index contributed to higher exposure within the c.521T/T and c.521T/C genotype groups. Collectively, these factors contributing to higher systemic exposure could increase the risk of toxicity and should be accounted for when individualizing the dosing of atorvastatin in eligible pediatric patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan B. Wagner
- Ward Family Heart Center, Children’s Mercy, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Children’s Mercy, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
| | - Susan Abdel-Rahman
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Children’s Mercy, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
| | - Geetha Raghuveer
- Ward Family Heart Center, Children’s Mercy, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
| | - Andrea Gaedigk
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Children’s Mercy, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
| | - Erin C. Boone
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Children’s Mercy, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
| | - Roger Gaedigk
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Children’s Mercy, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
| | - Vincent S. Staggs
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
- Health Services & Outcomes Research, Children’s Mercy, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
| | - Gregory A. Reed
- Clinical Pharmacology Shared Resource, University of Kansas Cancer Center, Fairway, KS 66205, USA
| | - Na Zhang
- Clinical Pharmacology Shared Resource, University of Kansas Cancer Center, Fairway, KS 66205, USA
| | - J. Steven Leeder
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Children’s Mercy, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
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Wahabi S, Rtibi K, Atouani A, Sebai H. Anti-Obesity Actions of Two Separated Aqueous Extracts From Arbutus ( Arbutus unedo) and Hawthorn ( Crataegus monogyna) Fruits Against High-Fat Diet in Rats via Potent Antioxidant Target. Dose Response 2023; 21:15593258231179904. [PMID: 37275393 PMCID: PMC10236257 DOI: 10.1177/15593258231179904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Arbutus unedo and Crataegus monogyna are widely distributed throughout the Mediterranean basin and commonly used in folk medicine against a wide range of diseases. Therefore, the present study has been designed to evaluate the anti-obesity potential of two aqueous extracts of the fruits of A. unedo (AUAE) and C. monogyna (CMAE). Male Wistar rats were supplied with a standard diet (SD), high-fat diet (HFD), HFD with the two separated extracts at the same dose (300 mg/kg, BW, p. o.), or HFD with atorvastatin-(ATOR) (2.1 mg/kg, BW, p. o.) for 12 weeks. Lipid profile and the liver and kidney linked-markers were assessed. Besides, obesity-related disorders' biomarkers were measured. AUAE, CMAE, and ATOR were observed to reduce significantly total body and organ weights following HFD-induced obese rat models. Likewise, epididymal and abdominal adipose tissue weights were noticeably decreased in HFD rats treated with both extracts and ATOR. Added to that, biochemical and metabolic changes were normalized by significant attenuation of lipid peroxidation accompanied with an increase of thiol-group concentrations and antioxidant status. More importantly, a modulation in trace element levels was revealed when compared with HFD group. Altogether, current study concluded that AUAE and CMAE could be potential candidates for the prevention and treatment of obesity and related disturbs induced by HFD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumaya Wahabi
- Laboratory of Functional Physiology
and Valorization of Bio-Ressources-Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Beja, University of Jendouba, Beja, Tunisia
| | - Kais Rtibi
- Laboratory of Functional Physiology
and Valorization of Bio-Ressources-Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Beja, University of Jendouba, Beja, Tunisia
| | - Amal Atouani
- Clinical Biology Laboratory, Beja
Regional Hospital, Beja, Tunisia
| | - Hichem Sebai
- Laboratory of Functional Physiology
and Valorization of Bio-Ressources-Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Beja, University of Jendouba, Beja, Tunisia
- University of Jendouba, Jendouba, Tunisia
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The hypocholesterolemic effect of methanolic extract of Bassia muricata l. on hypercholesterolemic rats. SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-023-05320-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
AbstractHypercholesterolemia is correlated with cardiovascular diseases. The search for effective alternatives for lipid-lowering drugs is continuous. We investigated the hypocholesterolemic activity of Bassia muricata methanolic extract (BMME) in a model of hyperlipidemia. B. muricata was extracted with methanol. Male rats were randomly divided into six groups: normal control group (G1) was fed normal diet, negative control group (G2) was fed high cholesterol and fat diet (HCFD), positive control group (G3) was fed HCFD and treated with atorvastatin (20 mg/kg), a fourth, fifth and sixth groups (G4, G5, and G6) were fed HCFD and treated with 10, 30 and 100 mg/Kg of BMME, respectively. All rat groups received, for 4 weeks, the appropriate daily dose after initial two weeks of feeding normal diet or HCFD. Body weight, lipid profile, serum glucose, liver enzymes were measured weekly. HCFD caused an increased total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and glucose, decreased triglycerides (TG) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and blunted the normal gain of body weight. BMME doses restored the normal gain of body weight, caused significant decrease in serum TC, LDL-C, and increased HDL-C when compared to G2. 10 mg/kg and 30 mg/kg of BMME failed to induce any change in alkaline phosphatase whereas 100 mg/Kg of BMME caused a significant increase in alanine transaminase. 10 mg/kg and 30 mg/kg of BMME significantly decreased serum glucose whereas 100 mg/kg BMME significantly increased it. BMME had significant hypocholesterolemic effect and 100 mg/kg BMME increased alanine transaminase, TG and glucose in rats.
Graphical abstract
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Wen X, Wu X, Jin R, Lu X. Privileged heterocycles for DNA-encoded library design and hit-to-lead optimization. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 248:115079. [PMID: 36669370 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.115079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
It is well known that heterocyclic compounds play a key role in improving drug activity, target selectivity, physicochemical properties as well as reducing toxicity. In this review, we summarized the representative heterocyclic structures involved in hit compounds which were obtained from DNA-encoded library from 2013 to 2021. In some examples, the state of the art in heterocycle-based DEL synthesis and hit-to-lead optimization are highlighted. We hope that more and more novel heterocycle-based DEL toolboxes and in-depth pharmaceutical research on these lead compounds can be developed to accelerate the discovery of new drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Zhang Jiang Hi-Tech Park, Pudong, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Xinyuan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Zhang Jiang Hi-Tech Park, Pudong, Shanghai, 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Rui Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Zhang Jiang Hi-Tech Park, Pudong, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Xiaojie Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Zhang Jiang Hi-Tech Park, Pudong, Shanghai, 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China.
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7
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Belmir H, Bouchafra H, Abbouriche A, Saffaj T, Ait Lhaj R, El karbane M, Ihssane B. Use of an Uncertainty Profile to Validate High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) for the Simultaneous Determination of Statins in Synthetic Pharmaceutical Products. ANAL LETT 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2023.2177664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hamza Belmir
- Laboratory of Analytical and Molecular Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences Ben M'Sik, University Hassan II- Casablanca, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Houda Bouchafra
- Laboratory of Drug Sciences, Biomedical and Biotechnological Research, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University Hassan II- Casablanca, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Abdelmajid Abbouriche
- Laboratory of Analytical and Molecular Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences Ben M'Sik, University Hassan II- Casablanca, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Taoufiq Saffaj
- Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, University Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah-Fes, Fes, Morocco
| | - Rajae Ait Lhaj
- Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, University Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah-Fes, Fes, Morocco
| | - Miloud El karbane
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry and Bromatology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University Mohammed V- Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Bouchaib Ihssane
- Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, University Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah-Fes, Fes, Morocco
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Li H, Zhang Q, Feng Q, You Q, Guo X. The development of small molecules targeting methyltransferase-like 3. Drug Discov Today 2023; 28:103513. [PMID: 36736582 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2023.103513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
In mammals, N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is thought to be the most common and conserved mRNA modification. Methyltransferase-like 3 (METTL3) is the primary regulator of m6A methyl-transformed modification. Small molecules targeting METTL3 could be effective therapeutics for many disorders, given that a large body of research has linked METTL3 dysregulation with a variety of diseases and altered physiological states, especially with the growth and initiation of cancer. Here, we systematically reviewed the discovery of small molecules targeting METTL3, as well as their future development, for researchers studying in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Li
- Jiang Su Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Qiong Zhang
- Jiang Su Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Qinglan Feng
- Jiang Su Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Qidong You
- Jiang Su Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Xiaoke Guo
- Jiang Su Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
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Jiang Z, Wu Z, Liu R, Du Q, Fu X, Li M, Kuang Y, Lin S, Wu J, Xie W, Shi G, Peng Y, Zheng F. Effect of polymorphisms in drug metabolism and transportation on plasma concentration of atorvastatin and its metabolites in patients with chronic kidney disease. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1102810. [PMID: 36923356 PMCID: PMC10010391 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1102810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Dyslipidemia due to renal insufficiency is a common complication in patients with chronic kidney diseases (CKD), and a major risk factor for the development of cardiovascular events. Atorvastatin (AT) is mainly used in the treatment of dyslipidemia in patients with CKD. However, response to the atorvastatin varies inter-individually in clinical applications. We examined the association between polymorphisms in genes involved in drug metabolism and transport, and plasma concentrations of atorvastatin and its metabolites (2-hydroxy atorvastatin (2-AT), 2-hydroxy atorvastatin lactone (2-ATL), 4-hydroxy atorvastatin (4-AT), 4-hydroxy atorvastatin lactone (4-ATL), atorvastatin lactone (ATL)) in kidney diseases patients. Genotypes were determined using TaqMan real time PCR in 212 CKD patients, treated with 20 mg of atorvastatin daily for 6 weeks. The steady state plasma concentrations of atorvastatin and its metabolites were quantified using ultraperformance liquid chromatography in combination with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). Univariate and multivariate analyses showed the variant in ABCC4 (rs3742106) was associated with decreased concentrations of AT and its metabolites (2-AT+2-ATL: β = -0.162, p = 0.028 in the dominant model; AT+2-AT+4-AT: β = -0.212, p = 0.028 in the genotype model), while patients carrying the variant allele ABCC4-rs868853 (β = 0.177, p = 0.011) or NR1I2-rs6785049 (β = 0.123, p = 0.044) had higher concentrations of 2-AT+2-ATL in plasma compared with homozygous wildtype carriers. Luciferase activity was enhanced in HepG2 cells harboring a construct expressing the rs3742106-T allele or the rs868853-G allele (p < 0.05 for each) compared with a construct expressing the rs3742106G or the rs868853-A allele. These findings suggest that two functional polymorphisms in the ABCC4 gene may affect transcriptional activity, thereby directly or indirectly affecting release of AT and its metabolites from hepatocytes into the circulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zebin Jiang
- Clinical Pharmacology Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Zemin Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Ruixue Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Qin Du
- Department of Pharmacology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Xian Fu
- Clinical Pharmacology Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Min Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Yongjun Kuang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Shen Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Jiaxuan Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Weiji Xie
- Department of Nephrology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Ganggang Shi
- Department of Pharmacology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Yanqiang Peng
- Department of Nephrology, First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- *Correspondence: Fuchun Zheng, ; Yanqiang Peng,
| | - Fuchun Zheng
- Clinical Pharmacology Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- Department of Pharmacology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- *Correspondence: Fuchun Zheng, ; Yanqiang Peng,
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Farnesoid X Receptor Overexpression Decreases the Migration, Invasion and Angiogenesis of Human Bladder Cancers via AMPK Activation and Cholesterol Biosynthesis Inhibition. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14184398. [PMID: 36139556 PMCID: PMC9497084 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14184398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer is one of the most prevailing cancers worldwide. Although treatments for urothelial carcinoma have improved, the rate of recurrence observed in the clinic is still high. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether cholesterol biosynthesis is involved in the effect of Farnesoid X Receptor (FXR) on bladder cancers. FXR overexpression contributed to activation of 5' AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and decreased cholesterol levels. FXR overexpression reduced cholesterol biosynthesis and secretion by downregulating Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Protein 2 (SREBP2) and 3-Hydroxy-3-Methylglutaryl-CoA Reductase (HMGCR) expression. In addition, an AMPK inhibitor, dorsomorphin, reversed the inhibition of migration, invasion and angiogenesis by FXR overexpression. In a metastatic xenograft animal study, FXR overexpression suppressed bladder cancer lung metastasis by decreasing matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP2), SREBP2 and HMGCR expression. Moreover, FXR overexpression combined with atorvastatin treatment further enhanced the downregulation of the migratory, adhesive, invasive and angiogenic properties in human urothelial carcinoma. In clinical observations, statin administration was associated with better survival rates of early-stage bladder cancer patients. Our results may provide guidance for improving therapeutic strategies for the treatment of urothelial carcinoma.
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Tulbah AS. Inhaled Atorvastatin Nanoparticles For Lung Cancer. Curr Drug Deliv 2022; 19:1073-1082. [PMID: 35473526 DOI: 10.2174/1567201819666220426091500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lung cancer is one of the main causes of mortality globally. This research paper aims at the development of an inhaled nanotechnology for lung cancer to deliver an atorvastatin calcium compound, for lung cancer, capable of reaching the tumor site directly via inhalation. METHODS Atorvastatin calcium micellar nanoparticles (ATO-NPs) encapsulated with Pluronic F-127 and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) were manufactured utilizing the solvent and anti-solvent precipitation technique. The physicochemical features of the formulation were evaluated in terms of their physicochemical characteristics using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and dynamic light scattering. Additionally, the Andersen Cascade impactor was used at 15 L/minutes to assist in the aerosols performances of the formulation. The ATO-NPs formula's cell viability was tested in vitro using the A549 non-small cell lung cancer cell type. RESULTS Transmission electron microscopy was utilized to determine the ATO-NPs particle morphology, demonstrating a spherical shape with a smooth surface. The fine particle fraction of the aerosol produced was 62.70 ± 1.18%. This finding suggests that atorvastatin micellar nanoparticles are suitable for medication administration by inhalation with a wide particle size dispersion. Moreover, it was found in vitro that concentrations up to 21 µg/mL of the atorvastatin nanoparticles were safe and non-toxic on the cell model. CONCLUSION This study found that atorvastatin micellar nanoparticles for inhalation could potentially be used for lung cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa S Tulbah
- Pharmaceutics Department, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
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12
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Grosse M, Günther K, Jordan PM, Roman D, Werz O, Beemelmanns C. Synthesis of functionalized δ-hydroxy-β-keto esters and evaluation of their anti-inflammatory properties. Chembiochem 2022; 23:e202200073. [PMID: 35244320 PMCID: PMC9314795 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202200073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
δ‐Hydroxy‐β‐keto esters and δ,β‐dihydroxy esters are characteristic structural motifs of statin‐type natural products and drug candidates. Here, we describe the synthesis of functionalized δ‐hydroxy‐β‐keto esters in good yields and excellent enantioselectivities using Chan's diene and modified Mukaiyama‐aldol reaction conditions. Diastereoselective reduction of δ,β‐dihydroxy esters afforded the respective syn‐ and anti‐diols, and saponification yielded the corresponding acids. All products were evaluated for their anti‐inflammatory properties, which uncovered a surprising structure‐activity relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel Grosse
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection BiologyHans Knöll Institute: Leibniz-Institut fur Naturstoff-Forschung und Infektionsbiologie eV Hans-Knoll-Institut, Chemical Biology, GERMANY
| | - Kerstin Günther
- Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena: Friedrich-Schiller-Universitat Jena, Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry Institute of Pharmacy, GERMANY
| | - Paul M Jordan
- Universitat Jena: Friedrich-Schiller-Universitat Jena, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry Institute of Pharmacy, GERMANY
| | - Dávid Roman
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection BiologyHans Knöll Institute: Leibniz-Institut fur Naturstoff-Forschung und Infektionsbiologie eV Hans-Knoll-Institut, Chemical Biology, GERMANY
| | - Oliver Werz
- Universitat Jena: Friedrich-Schiller-Universitat Jena, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry Institute of Pharmacy, GERMANY
| | - Christine Beemelmanns
- Universität Leipzig: Universitat Leipzig, Institute of Biochemistry, Beutenbergstr. 11a, 07745, Deutschland, 07745, Jena, GERMANY
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Wegner E, Slotina E, Mickan T, Truffel S, Arand C, Wagner D, Ritz U, Rommens PM, Gercek E, Drees P, Baranowski A. Pleiotropic Long-Term Effects of Atorvastatin on Posttraumatic Joint Contracture in a Rat Model. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14030523. [PMID: 35335899 PMCID: PMC8950153 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14030523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The antifibrotic effect of atorvastatin has already been demonstrated in several organ systems. In the present study, a rat model was used to investigate the effect of atorvastatin on posttraumatic joint contracture. Forty-eight Sprague Dawley rats were equally randomized into an atorvastatin group and a control group. After initial joint trauma, knee joints were immobilized for intervals of 2 weeks (n = 16) or 4 weeks (n = 16) or immobilized for 4 weeks with subsequent remobilization for another 4 weeks (n = 16). Starting from the day of surgery, animals received either atorvastatin or placebo daily. After euthanasia at week 2, 4 or 8, joint contracture was determined, histological examinations were performed, and gene expression was assessed. The results suggest that the joint contracture was primarily arthrogenic. Atorvastatin failed to significantly affect contracture formation and showed a reduction in myofibroblast numbers to 98 ± 58 (control: 319 ± 113, p < 0.01) and a reduction in joint capsule collagen to 60 ± 8% (control: 73 ± 9%, p < 0.05) at week 2. Gene expression of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), collagen type I, transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) was not significantly affected by atorvastatin. Atorvastatin decreases myofibroblast number and collagen deposition but does not result in an improvement in joint mobility.
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14
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Arabi SM, Bahrami LS, Rahnama I, Sahebkar A. Impact of synbiotic supplementation on cardiometabolic and anthropometric indices in patients with metabolic syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Pharmacol Res 2022; 176:106061. [PMID: 34999222 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Probiotic and synbiotic products are being widely used by a large number of patients and clinicians; however, effects on cardiometabolic indices in patients with the metabolic syndrome remain unclear. This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effects of a synbiotic intervention on lipid profile, insulin resistance, blood pressure, anthropometric parameters, and inflammatory markers. METHODS We searched MEDLINE, Scopus, and Clarivate Analytics Web of Science by October 2021. Studies were selected if they reported the effectiveness of the synbiotic intervention on cardiometabolic and anthropometric indices. The weighted mean difference was calculated as the effect size using a random-effects model. Subgroup analyses were conducted to determine sources of heterogeneity. Dose-dependent effects were assessed using a dose-response meta-analysis of differences in means. RESULTS Five trials (1049 participants) were finally included in the meta-analysis. Synbiotic intervention significantly reduced serum insulin levels (WMD, -6.39 μU/mL; 95%CI, (-7.2 to -5.4); p = 0.001, I2 = 88.2%, N = 5), triglycerides (WMD, -20.3 mg/dl; 95%CI, (-32.7 to -7.8); p = 0.001, I2 = 87.7, N = 5), total cholesterol (WMD, -7.8 mg/dl; 95%CI, ( -12.5 to -3.02); p = 0.001; I2 = 66.7%, N = 5), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (WMD, -9.02 mg/dl; 95%CI, (-10.8 to -7.2); p < 0.001, I2 = 0%, N = 5), waist circumference (WMD, -4.04 cm; 95%CI, ( -4.9 to -3.08), p < 0.001; I2 = 22.7%, N = 3), body weight (WMD, -4.3 kg; 95%CI, (-6.2 to -2.5); p = 0.001; I2 = 0%, N = 2), systolic blood pressure (WMD, -1.8 mmHg; 95% CI, (-2.8 to -0.7); p = 0.001; I2 = 0%, N = 3), and serum interleukin-6 concentrations (WMD, -0.2 pg/mL; 95%CI, (-0.3 to -0.08); p = 0.001, I2 = 39.8%, N = 2), and increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels (WMD, 2.3 mg/dl; 95%CI, (0.2-4.4); p = 0.03; 03; I2 = 93.1%, N = 5). Synbiotic administration did not significantly affect fasting plasma glucose, homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance, body mass index, diastolic blood pressure, heart rate, and serum C-reactive protein concentrations. CONCLUSIONS The present findings suggest that synbiotic intervention effectively improves cardiometabolic risk factors in patients with metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyyed Mostafa Arabi
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran; Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Leila Sadat Bahrami
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Iman Rahnama
- Binaloud Institute of Higher Education, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia; Department of Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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15
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Niranjani S, Nirmala C, Rajkumar P, Serdaroğlu G, Jayaprakash N, Venkatachalam K. Synthesis, characterization, biological and DFT studies of charge-transfer complexes of antihyperlipidemic drug atorvastatin calcium with Iodine, Chloranil, and DDQ. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.117862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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16
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Esmail M, Anwar S, Kandeil M, El-Zanaty AM, Abdel-Gabbar M. Effect of Nigella sativa, atorvastatin, or L-Carnitine on high fat diet-induced obesity in adult male Albino rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 141:111818. [PMID: 34126354 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is increasing rapidly across the globe. It is widely accepted that natural products with a long safety background may modulate obesity. The current work aimed to investigate the effect of Nigella sativa, atorvastatin, or L-Carnitine on high-fat diet-induced obesity in white male albino rats. A regular basal diet was fed to 7 rats, and a high-fat diet (HFD) was fed to 24 rats throughout the study for 12 weeks. The HFD group was split equally into four subgroups, each containing six rats. The first group fed on HFD with no medication, the second group received HFD+ Nigella sativa, the third group received HFD+ atorvastatin, and the fourth group received HFD+L-carnitine. At the beginning of the seventh week (the start of the treatment regimen), Nigella sativa, atorvastatin, or L-Carnitine were administered for six weeks. Glucose, body weight, serum atherogenic index (AI), ALT, and AST activities were analyzed. The pathological alterations in the hepatic tissues were examined microscopically and scored. The results revealed that the HFD diet significantly increased the final body weight, serum AI, and serum levels of liver enzymes. Treatment with L-carnitine or Nigella sativa significantly normalized the lipid profile and decreased the final body weight, serum AI, and Serum ALT. Histopathological examination of the liver of HFD received rats showed features of steatosis, which were mitigated by the administration of Nigella sativa or L-Carnitine, while atorvastatin had no significant effect on the improvement of hepatic lesions. Collectively, study findings showed that Nigella sativa or L-Carnitine has mitigated effects on metabolic and histopathological changes in the liver tissues of rats fed with HFD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Esmail
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, P.O. Box 62521, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Shehata Anwar
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, P.O. Box 62511, Beni-Suef, Egypt.
| | - Mohammed Kandeil
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, P.O. Box 62511, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Ali Mahmoud El-Zanaty
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, P.O. Box 62521, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Mohammed Abdel-Gabbar
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, P.O. Box 62521, Beni-Suef, Egypt
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Seifinoferest B, Tanbakouchian A, Larijani B, Mahdavi M. Ullmann‐Goldberg and Buchwald‐Hartwig C−N Cross Couplings: Synthetic Methods to Pharmaceutically Potential N‐Heterocycles. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202100072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Behnoush Seifinoferest
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Centre Tehran University of Medical Sciences University of Tehran Nejatollahi St Enghelab St Iran
| | - Arezoo Tanbakouchian
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry University of Tehran 16 Azar St Enghelab St Iran
| | - Bagher Larijani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Centre Tehran University of Medical Sciences University of Tehran Nejatollahi St Enghelab St Iran
| | - Mohammad Mahdavi
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Centre Tehran University of Medical Sciences University of Tehran Nejatollahi St Enghelab St Iran
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18
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Wang F, Zhao C, Tian G, Wei X, Ma Z, Cui J, Wei R, Bao Y, Kong W, Zheng J. Naringin Alleviates Atherosclerosis in ApoE -/- Mice by Regulating Cholesterol Metabolism Involved in Gut Microbiota Remodeling. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:12651-12660. [PMID: 33107729 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c05800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Naringin, a major flavonoid in citrus, has potential for preventing atherosclerosis. The presence in the colon of a large amount of naringin after oral intake might affect the gut microbiota. We investigated the role of gut microbiota remodeling in the alleviation of atherosclerosis by naringin. Naringin significantly alleviated atherosclerosis and lowered the serum and liver cholesterol levels by 24.04 and 28.37% in ApoE-/- mice fed with a high-fat diet. Nontarget metabolomics showed that naringin modulated the hepatic levels of cholesterol derivatives and bile acids. Naringin increased the excretion of bile acids and neutral sterols by 1.6- and 4.3-fold, respectively. The main potential pathway by which naringin alleviated atherosclerosis was the gut microbiota-liver-cholesterol axis. Naringin modulated the abundances of bile salt hydrolase- and 7α-dehydroxylase-producing bacteria, promoting bile acid synthesis from cholesterol by upregulating CYP7A1 via suppression of the FXR/FGF15 pathway. In addition, naringin facilitated reverse cholesterol transport by downregulating PCSK9/IDOL. The results provide insight into the atherosclerosis-alleviation mechanisms of citrus flavonoids and a scientific basis for the development of functional foods containing citrus flavonoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Wang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Chengying Zhao
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Guifang Tian
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xue Wei
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zihan Ma
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Peking University Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jiefen Cui
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Rujun Wei
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yuming Bao
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Wei Kong
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Peking University Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jinkai Zheng
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
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19
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Synthesis, spectroscopic, thermal, structural investigations and biological activity studies of charge-transfer complexes of atorvastatin calcium with dihydroxy-p-benzoquinone, quinalizarin and picric acid. J Mol Struct 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2020.128564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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20
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Tulbah AS. The potential of Atorvastatin for chronic lung diseases therapy. Saudi Pharm J 2020; 28:1353-1363. [PMID: 33250642 PMCID: PMC7679442 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2020.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Atorvastatin (ATO) is of the statin class and is used as an orally administered lipid-lowering drug. ATO is a reversible synthetic competitive inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-CoA (HMG-CoA) reductase thus leading to a reduction in cholesterol synthesis. It has recently been demonstrated that ATO has different pharmacological actions, which are unrelated to its lipid-lowering effects and has the ability to treat chronic airway diseases. This paper reviews the potential of ATO as an anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-proliferative agent after oral or inhaled administration. This paper discusses the advantages and disadvantages of using ATO under conditions associated with those found in the airways. This treatment could potentially be used to support the formulating of ATO as an inhaler for the treatment of chronic respiratory diseases.
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Key Words
- %, Percentage
- AA, Allergic asthma
- AP-1, Activator protein-1
- ATO, Atorvastatin
- Atorvastatin
- BALF, Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid
- CCL7, Chemokine ligand 7
- CI, Confidence interval
- COPD, Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
- CRP, C-reactive protein
- CS, Cigarettes smoke
- CYP3A4/5, Cytochrome Metabolic enzymes3A4/5
- FPP, Farnesylpyrophosphate
- G, Gram
- GEF, Guanine nucleotide exchange factors
- GGPP, Geranylgeranylpyrophosphate
- IL, Interleukins
- Inflammation
- Inhale
- Log P, Partition coefficient
- MMPs, Matrix-metalloprotease
- MVA, Mevalonic acid
- NADPH, Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate
- NCSCL, Non-small cell lung cancer
- NF-κB, Nuclear factor kappa
- NOS, Nitric oxide synthase
- NaOH, Sodium hydroxide
- OATP, Organic anion transporting polypeptide
- Oral
- Oxidation
- PEG, Polyethylene glycol
- PPE, Porcine pancreatic elastase
- ROS, Reactive oxygen species
- Respiratory diseases
- SAS, Supercritical antisolvent
- SphK1, Sphingosine kinase 1
- TGF, Transforming growth factor
- TNF-a, Tumour necrosis factor alpha
- TSC, Tuberous sclerosis
- UDP, Uridine diphosphate
- UV, Ultraviolet light
- VEGF, Vascular endothelial cell growth factor
- VLDL, Very low-density lipoproteins
- WHO, World Health Organization
- log D, Coefficient values octanol/water
- m2, Square meter
- mg, Milligram
- mg/day, Milligram per day
- ml, Millilitres
- pH, Measure of the acidity or basicity of an aqueous solution
- pKa, Dissociation constant
- s, Second
- v/v, Volume per volume
- °C/min, Temperature in degrees per minutes
- μM, Micromolar
- μg, Microgram
- μg/day, Microgram per day
- μg/mL, Microgram per millilitre
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa S Tulbah
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
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21
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Moustapha ME. Radioiodination of Atorvastatin as a Model Radiopharmaceutical for Targeting Liver. RADIOCHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s1066362220040104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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22
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Nooshabadi VT, Khanmohammadi M, Shafei S, Banafshe HR, Malekshahi ZV, Ebrahimi-Barough S, Ai J. Impact of atorvastatin loaded exosome as an anti-glioblastoma carrier to induce apoptosis of U87 cancer cells in 3D culture model. Biochem Biophys Rep 2020; 23:100792. [PMID: 32793818 PMCID: PMC7408343 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2020.100792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes (EXOs) are naturally occurring nanosized lipid bilayers that can be efficiently used as a drug delivery system to carry small pharmaceutical, biological molecules and pass major biological barriers such as the blood-brain barrier. It was hypothesized that EXOs derived from human endometrial stem cells (hEnSCs-EXOs) can be utilized as a drug carrier to enhance tumor-targeting drugs, especially for those have low solubility and limited oral bioactivity. In this study, atorvastatin (Ato) loaded EXOs (AtoEXOs) was prepared and characterized for its physical and biological activities in tumor growth suppression of 3 D glioblastoma model. The AtoEXOs were obtained in different methods to maximize drug encapsulation efficacy. The characterization of AtoEXOs was performed for its size, stability, drug release, and in vitro anti-tumor efficacy evaluated comprising inhibition of proliferation, apoptosis induction of tumor cells. Expression of apoptotic genes by Real time PCR, Annexin V/PI, tunnel assay was studied after 72 h exposing U87 cells where encapsulated in matrigel in different concentrations of AtoEXOs (5, 10 μM). The results showed that the prepared AtoEXOs possessed diameter ranging from 30-150 nm, satisfying stability and sustainable Ato release rate. The AtoEXOs was up taken by U87 and generated significant apoptotic effects while this inhibited tumor growth of U87 cells. Altogether, produced AtoEXOs formulation due to its therapeutic efficacy has the potential to be an adaptable approach to treat glioblastoma brain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vajihe Taghdiri Nooshabadi
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Science, Semnan, Iran
- Department of Applied Cell Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Mehdi Khanmohammadi
- Skull Based Research Center and Department, The Five Senses Institute, Hazrat Rasoul Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shilan Shafei
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, International Campus Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Banafshe
- Department of Applied Cell Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Ziba Veisi Malekshahi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran, University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Somayeh Ebrahimi-Barough
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1417743361, Iran
| | - Jafar Ai
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1417743361, Iran
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23
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Bosch J, Gracia-Sancho J, Abraldes JG. Cirrhosis as new indication for statins. Gut 2020; 69:953-962. [PMID: 32139553 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2019-318237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In the recent years, there have been an increasing number of reports on favourable effects of statins in patients with advanced chronic liver disease. These include reduction in portal pressure, improved liver sinusoidal endothelial and hepatic microvascular dysfunction, decreased fibrogenesis, protection against ischaemia/reperfusion injury, safe prolongation of ex vivo liver graft preservation, reduced sensitivity to endotoxin-mediated liver damage, protection from acute-on-chronic liver failure, prevention of liver injury following hypovolaemic shock and preventing/delaying progression of cirrhosis of any aetiology. Moreover, statins have been shown to have potential beneficial effects in the progression of other liver diseases, such as chronic sclerosing cholangitis and in preventing hepatocellular carcinoma. Because of these many theoretically favourable effects, statins have evolved from being considered a risk to kind of wonder drugs for patients with chronic liver diseases. The present article reviews the current knowledge on the potential applications of statins in chronic liver diseases, from its mechanistic background to objective evidence from clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Bosch
- Inselspital Universitatsspital Bern, Bern, Switzerland .,Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBEREHD, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Gracia-Sancho
- Inselspital Universitatsspital Bern, Bern, Switzerland .,Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBEREHD, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan G Abraldes
- Division of Gastroenterology (Liver Unit), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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24
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Weersink RA, Taxis K, Drenth JPH, Houben E, Metselaar HJ, Borgsteede SD. Prevalence of Drug Prescriptions and Potential Safety in Patients with Cirrhosis: A Retrospective Real-World Study. Drug Saf 2020; 42:539-546. [PMID: 30357649 PMCID: PMC6450857 DOI: 10.1007/s40264-018-0744-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Patients with cirrhosis are at risk for adverse drug reactions (ADRs) due to altered pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. We aimed to determine the prevalence of drug prescriptions and the potential safety of these prescriptions in a real-world cohort of patients with cirrhosis. Methods This was a retrospective cohort study based on linked real-world data from the Out-patient Pharmacy Database and the Hospitalisation Database of the PHARMO Database Network. Patients with a diagnosis of cirrhosis between January 1998 and December 2015 were included. Follow-up ended when the patient underwent a liver transplant, died, transferred out of the database, or on 31 December 2015. Prescription data were derived from a community pharmacy database and were compared with our previously developed safety recommendations for 209 drugs. Results In total, 5618 patients were included and followed for a median of 3 years (interquartile range [IQR] 1–7). In the first year after the diagnosis, patients used a median of nine drugs (IQR 5–14), with proton pump inhibitors (prevalence 53.9%), aldosterone antagonists (43.6%), and sulfonamide diuretics (41.3%) being the most commonly used drug groups. Almost half (48.3%) of 102,927 prescriptions consisted of drugs with a safety recommendation. The prevalence of potentially unsafe drug use was 60.0% during the total follow-up. Three nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) were among the five most commonly used potentially unsafe drugs. Conclusions Patients with cirrhosis use a large number of drugs. Almost two-thirds of patients in our cohort used potentially unsafe drugs. To prevent ADRs in these frail patients, personalised pharmacotherapy is necessary. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s40264-018-0744-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rianne A Weersink
- Department of Clinical Decision Support, Health Base Foundation, Papiermolen 36, 3994 DK, Houten, The Netherlands. .,Department of Pharmacy, Unit of Pharmacotherapy, -Epidemiology and Economics, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Katja Taxis
- Department of Pharmacy, Unit of Pharmacotherapy, -Epidemiology and Economics, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Joost P H Drenth
- Department of Gastroenterology, Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Eline Houben
- PHARMO Institute for Drug Outcomes Research, Van Deventerlaan 30-40, 3528 AE, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Herold J Metselaar
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sander D Borgsteede
- Department of Clinical Decision Support, Health Base Foundation, Papiermolen 36, 3994 DK, Houten, The Netherlands.,Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Erasmus University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Lee N, Maeda K, Fukizawa S, Ieiri I, Tomaru A, Akao H, Takeda K, Iwadare M, Niwa O, Masauji T, Yamane N, Kajinami K, Kusuhara H, Sugiyama Y. Microdosing clinical study to clarify pharmacokinetic and pharmacogenetic characteristics of atorvastatin in Japanese hypercholesterolemic patients. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2019; 34:387-395. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dmpk.2019.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 07/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Reducing shell egg cholesterol content. I. Overview, genetic approaches, and nutritional strategies. WORLD POULTRY SCI J 2019. [DOI: 10.1017/s0043933906001206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Kwon J, Giri BR, Song ES, Bae J, Lee J, Kim DW. Spray-Dried Amorphous Solid Dispersions of Atorvastatin Calcium for Improved Supersaturation and Oral Bioavailability. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:E461. [PMID: 31500147 PMCID: PMC6781288 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11090461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past few decades, the amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) technique has emerged as a promising strategy to enhance the in vitro/in vivo characteristic of hydrophobic drugs. The low aqueous solubility and poor bioavailability of atorvastatin calcium (ATO), a lipid-lowering drug, present challenges for effective drug delivery. The objective of this work was to improve the aqueous solubility, in vitro dissolution, and oral absorption of ATO with amorphous solid dispersion technique prepared by spray-drying method. The optimized ternary formulation comprising of ATO; hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), as a hydrophilic polymer; and sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS), as a surfactant, at a weight ratio of 1/1/0.1, showed significant improvement in aqueous solubility by ~18-fold compared to that of the free drug, and a cumulative release of 94.09% compared to a release of 59.32% of the free drug. Further, physicochemical studies via scanning electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and powder X-ray diffraction revealed a change from the crystalline state of the free drug to its amorphous state in the ASD. Pharmacokinetic analysis in rats demonstrated 1.68- and 2.39-fold increments in AUC and Cmax, respectively, in the ASD over the free drug. Altogether, hydrophilic carrier-based ASDs prepared by the spray-drying technique represent a promising strategy to improve the biopharmaceutical performance of poorly soluble drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaewook Kwon
- College of Pharmacy & Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - Bhupendra Raj Giri
- College of Pharmacy & Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - Eon Soo Song
- College of Pharmacy & Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - Jinju Bae
- College of Pharmacy & Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - Junseong Lee
- College of Pharmacy & Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - Dong Wuk Kim
- College of Pharmacy & Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea.
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Snela A, Jadach B, Froelich A, Skotnicki M, Milczewska K, Rojewska M, Voelkel A, Prochaska K, Lulek J. Self-emulsifying drug delivery systems with atorvastatin adsorbed on solid carriers: formulation and in vitro drug release studies. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2019.05.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Development and Permeability Testing of Self-Emulsifying Atorvastatin Calcium Pellets and Tablets of Compressed Pellets. Processes (Basel) 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/pr7060365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Self-emulsifying pellets (SEPs) of Atorvastatin Calcium (AtrCa) were developed and processed into tablets (SETs). Self-emulsifying drug delivery system (SEDDS) composed of oleic acid, Tween 20, Span 80 and N-Methyl-2-pyrolidone gave great solubility improvement and was used as oil in water emulsion for the preparation of SEPs. Due to the high 60% w/w SEDDS content required to achieve a therapeutic dose in the final tablet form, sonication was necessary to improve fluidity and stability. Colloidal silicon dioxide (CSD) and microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) were the solids in the pellet formulation employed at a ratio 7:3, which enabled production of pellets with high SEDDS content and acceptable friability as well. Emulsions were characterized physico-chemically, SEPs for physical properties and reconstitution, and tablets of compressed pellets for mechanical strength, disintegration into pellets and drug release. SEPs compressed with 30% MCC at 60 MPa gave tablets of adequate strength that disintegrated rapidly into pellets within 1 min. Emulsion reconstitution took longer than drug release due to adsorption of SEDDS on CSD, implying dissolution at the pellet surface in parallel to that from the dispersed droplets. Compared to the commercial tablet, drug release from the self-emulsifying forms was faster at pH 1.2 where the drug solubility is poor, but slower at pH 6.8 where the solubility is higher. Permeability and cytotoxicity were also studied using Caco-2 cells. The results showed that drug transport from the apical to basolateral compartment of the test well was 1.27 times greater for SEPs than commercial tablets, but 0.86 times lower in the opposite direction. Statistical analysis confirmed the significance of these results. Toxicity was slightly reduced. Therefore, the increased permeability in conjunction with the protection of the drug being dissolved in the SEDDS droplets, may reduce the overall effect of presystemic metabolism and enhance bioavailability.
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Kaleli-Durman D, Alp-Yıldırım Fİ, Özdemir O, Uydeş-Doğan BS. Relaxant effect of atorvastatin on isolated rat gastric fundus strips: implications for Ca 2+-signalling mechanisms. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2019; 97:413-421. [DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2018-0723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Statins are determined to have various pleiotropic effects apart from their lipid-lowering properties. Herein, we investigated the direct effects of atorvastatin on gastric smooth muscle tone. Atorvastatin effectively relaxed isolated rat gastric fundus strips precontracted with acetylcholine, potassium chloride, and serotonin. Incubation of the strips with nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, l-NOARG (10−4 M, 20 min), l-type voltage-operated Ca2+ channel (VOCC) blocker, nifedipine (10−6 M, 30 min), KATP channel blocker, glibenclamide (10−5 M, 30 min), or precursor of cholesterol, mevalonate (10−2 M, 45 min) did not change the relaxations to atorvastatin. However, pretreatment of fundus strips with atorvastatin (3×10−5–3×10−4 M, 30 min) inhibited the contractions to calcium chloride (10−4–10−1 M), acetylcholine (10–4 M), and caffeine (20 mM) in the calcium-free medium. Moreover, atorvastatin reduced the contractions induced by sarco-endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA) inhibitor, cyclopiazonic acid (10−7–3×10−5 M). The current study demonstrated that atorvastatin produces an acute relaxant effect on gastric fundus strips, which appears to be mediated by several Ca2+-signalling mechanisms such as the blockade of l-type VOCC-independent Ca2+ entry, decrease in smooth muscle Ca2+ sensitivity, inhibition of IP3- and ryanodine-sensitive intracellular stores to mediate Ca2+ release, as well as the activation of SERCA. This acute relaxing effect seems unlikely to be related with nitric oxide, KATP channels, and the mevalonate pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deniz Kaleli-Durman
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, 34116, Beyazıt, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - F. İlkay Alp-Yıldırım
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, 34116, Beyazıt, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Osman Özdemir
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, 34116, Beyazıt, Istanbul, Turkey
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Cyprus International University, Lefkoşa, North Cyprus, Cyprus
| | - B. Sönmez Uydeş-Doğan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, 34116, Beyazıt, Istanbul, Turkey
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Ali EMH, Abdel-Maksoud MS, Oh CH. Thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine as a promising scaffold in medicinal chemistry: Recent advances. Bioorg Med Chem 2019; 27:1159-1194. [PMID: 30826188 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2019.02.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2019] [Revised: 02/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Thienopyrimidine scaffold is a fused heterocyclic ring system that structurally can be considered as adenine, the purine base that is found in both DNA and RNA-bioisosteres. Thienopyrimidines exist in three distinct isomeric forms. The current review discusses thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine as a one of the opulent heterocycles in drug discovery. Its broad range of medical applications such as anticancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, and CNS protective agents has inspired us to study its structure-activity relationship (SAR), along with its relevant synthetic strategies. The present review briefly summarizes synthetic approaches for the preparation of thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine derivatives. In addition, the promising biological activities of this scaffold are also illustrated with explanatory diagrams for their SAR studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eslam M H Ali
- Center for Biomaterials, Korea Institute of Science & Technology (KIST), Seoul, Seongbuk-gu 02792, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomolecular Science, University of Science & Technology (UST), Daejeon, Yuseong-gu 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Mohammed S Abdel-Maksoud
- Medicinal & Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Division, National Research Centre (NRC), Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt
| | - Chang-Hyun Oh
- Center for Biomaterials, Korea Institute of Science & Technology (KIST), Seoul, Seongbuk-gu 02792, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomolecular Science, University of Science & Technology (UST), Daejeon, Yuseong-gu 34113, Republic of Korea.
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Sheykhi S, Mosca L, Durgala JM, Anzenbacher P. An indicator displacement assay recognizes enantiomers of chiral carboxylates. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:7183-7186. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc03352a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Analyte chirality induces changes in fluorescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Sheykhi
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Photochemical Sciences
- Bowling Green State University
- Bowling Green
- USA
| | - Lorenzo Mosca
- Department of Chemistry
- Northwestern University
- Evanston
- USA
| | - Johnathon M. Durgala
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Photochemical Sciences
- Bowling Green State University
- Bowling Green
- USA
| | - Pavel Anzenbacher
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Photochemical Sciences
- Bowling Green State University
- Bowling Green
- USA
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Galiullina L, Musabirova G, Latfullin I, Aganov A, Klochkov V. Spatial structure of atorvastatin and its complex with model membrane in solution studied by NMR and theoretical calculations. J Mol Struct 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2018.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Matsubara A, Oda S, Akai S, Tsuneyama K, Yokoi T. Establishment of a drug-induced rhabdomyolysis mouse model by co-administration of ciprofloxacin and atorvastatin. Toxicol Lett 2018; 291:184-193. [PMID: 29679711 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2018.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Revised: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Rhabdomyolysis is one of the serious side effects of ciprofloxacin (CPFX), a widely used antibacterial drug; and occasionally, acute kidney injury (AKI) occurs. Often, rhabdomyolysis has occurred in patients taking CPFX co-administered with statins. The purpose of this study is to establish a mouse model of drug-induced rhabdomyolysis by co-administration of CPFX and atorvastatin (ATV) and to clarify the mechanisms of its pathogenesis. C57BL/6J mice treated with L-buthionine-(S,R)-sulfoximine (BSO), a glutathione synthesis inhibitor, were orally administered with CPFX and ATV for 4 days. Plasma levels of creatinine phosphokinase (CPK) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were significantly increased in the CPFX and ATV-co-administered group. Histopathological examination of skeletal muscle observed degeneration in gastrocnemius muscle and an increased number of the satellite cells. Expressions of skeletal muscle-specific microRNA and mRNA in plasma and skeletal muscle, respectively, were significantly increased. The area under the curve (AUC) of plasma CPFX was significantly increased in the CPFX and ATV-co-administered group. Furthermore, cytoplasmic vacuolization and a positively myoglobin-stained region in kidney tissue and high content of myoglobin in urine were observed. These results indicated that AKI was induced by myoglobin that leaked from skeletal muscle. The established mouse model in the present study would be useful for predicting potential rhabdomyolysis risks in preclinical drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Matsubara
- Department of Drug Safety Sciences, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Shingo Oda
- Department of Drug Safety Sciences, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Sho Akai
- Department of Drug Safety Sciences, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Koichi Tsuneyama
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-5 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Yokoi
- Department of Drug Safety Sciences, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan.
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Choi YK, Park SE, Kim EY, Park HJ, Kim EJ, Song GS, Ghim JL. Pharmacokinetics of atorvastatin and sustained-release metformin fixed-dose combination tablets: two randomized, open-label, 2-way crossover studies in healthy male subjects under fed conditions. Transl Clin Pharmacol 2017; 25:190-195. [PMID: 32095474 PMCID: PMC7033403 DOI: 10.12793/tcp.2017.25.4.190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2017] [Revised: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Two separate studies were conducted to establish bioequivalence (BE) for two doses of atorvastatin/metformin sustained-release (SR) fixed dose combination (FDC) versus the same dosage of the individual component (IC) tablets in healthy male subjects under fed conditions (study 1, BE of atorvastatin/metformin SR 20/500 mg FDC; study 2, BE of atorvastatin/metformin SR 20/750 mg FDC). Each study was a randomized, open-label, single oral dose, two-way crossover design. Serial blood samples were collected pre-dose and up to 36 hours post-dose for atorvastatin and 24 hours for metformin. Plasma concentrations of atorvastatin, 2-OH atorvastatin and metformin were analyzed using a validated liquid chromatography tandem mass-spectrometry. A non-compartmental analysis was used to calculate pharmacokinetic (PK) variables and analysis of variance was performed on the lognormal-transformed PK variables. A total of 75 subjects completed the study 1 (36 subjects) and study 2 (39 subjects). The 90% confidence intervals for the adjusted geometric mean ratio of Cmax and the AUC0-t were within the predefined 0.80 to 1.25 range. The number of subjects reporting at least one adverse event following FDC treatments was comparable to that following IC treatments. The two treatments were well tolerated. Therefore, atorvastatin/metformin SR 20/500 mg and 20/750 mg FDC tablets are expected to be used as alternatives to IC tablets to decrease the pill burden and increase patient compliance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Kyung Choi
- Department of Pharmacology and PharmacoGenomics Research Center, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan 47392, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Eun Park
- Department of Pharmacology and PharmacoGenomics Research Center, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan 47392, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Young Kim
- Department of Pharmacology and PharmacoGenomics Research Center, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan 47392, Republic of Korea.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Inje University Busan Paik Hospital, Busan 47392, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Ju Park
- CJ HealthCare Co., Ltd., Seoul 04560, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Ji Kim
- CJ HealthCare Co., Ltd., Seoul 04560, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Jong-Lyul Ghim
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Inje University Busan Paik Hospital, Busan 47392, Republic of Korea
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Tsamandouras N, Guo Y, Wendling T, Hall S, Galetin A, Aarons L. Modelling of atorvastatin pharmacokinetics and the identification of the effect of a BCRP polymorphism in the Japanese population. Pharmacogenet Genomics 2017; 27:27-38. [PMID: 27787353 DOI: 10.1097/fpc.0000000000000252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
AIM Ethnicity plays a modulating role in atorvastatin pharmacokinetics (PK), with Asian patients reported to have higher exposure compared with Caucasians. Therefore, it is difficult to safely extrapolate atorvastatin PK data and models across ethnic groups. This work aims to develop a population PK model for atorvastatin and its pharmacologically active metabolites specifically for the Japanese population. Subsequently, it aimed to identify genetic polymorphisms affecting atorvastatin PK in this population. METHODS Atorvastatin acid (ATA) and ortho-hydroxy-atorvastatin acid (o-OH-ATA) plasma concentrations, clinical/demographic characteristics and genotypes for 18 (3, 3, 1, 1, 7, 2 and 1 in the ABCB1, ABCG2, CYP3A4, CYP3A5, SLCO1B1, SLCO2B1 and PPARA genes, respectively) genetic polymorphisms were collected from 27 Japanese individuals (taking 10 mg atorvastatin once daily) and analysed using a population PK modelling approach. RESULTS The population PK model developed (one-compartment for ATA linked through metabolite formation to an additional compartment describing the disposition of o-OH-ATA) accurately described the observed data and the associated population variability. Our analysis suggested that patients carrying one variant allele for the rs2622604 polymorphism (ABCG2) show a 55% (95% confidence interval: 16-131%) increase in atorvastatin oral bioavailability relative to the value in individuals without the variant allele. CONCLUSION The current work reports the identification in the Japanese population of a BCRP polymorphism, not previously associated with the PK of any statin, that markedly increases ATA and o-OH-ATA exposure. The model developed may be of clinical importance to guide dosing recommendations tailored specifically for the Japanese.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos Tsamandouras
- aManchester Pharmacy School, Centre for Applied Pharmacokinetic Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK bEli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
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Nurullahoğlu-Atalık KE, Kutlu S, Solak H, Koca RÖ. Cilostazol enhances atorvastatin-induced vasodilation of female rat aorta during aging. Physiol Int 2017; 104:226-234. [DOI: 10.1556/2060.104.2017.3.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Statins have cholesterol-independent effects including an increased vascular nitric oxide activity and are commonly used by patients with cardiovascular disease. Such patients frequently have cardiovascular diseases, which may be treated with cilostazol, a platelet aggregation inhibitor. This study was designed to investigate whether combined use of cilostazol would increase the inhibitory effect of statin on vascular smooth muscle and how maturation would affect these responses. Female Wistar rats, aged 3–4 months (young) and 14–15 months (adult), were sacrificed by cervical dislocation and the thoracic aorta was dissected and cut into 3- to 4-mm-long rings. The rings were mounted under a resting tension of 1 g in a 20-ml organ bath filled with Krebs–Henseleit solution. Rings were precontracted with phenylephrine (10−6 M), and the presence of endothelium was confirmed with acetylcholine (10−6 M). Then, the concentration–response curves were obtained for atorvastatin alone (10−10 to 3 × 10−4 M; control) and in the presence of cilostazol (10−6 M) in young and adult rat aortas. This experimental protocol was also carried out in aorta rings, which had been pretreated with NG-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME, 10−4 M). Atorvastatin induced concentration-dependent relaxations in young and adult rat thoracic aorta rings precontracted with phenylephrine. The pIC50 value of atorvastatin was significantly decreased in adult rat aortas. In addition, pretreatment of aortas with cilostazol enhanced the potency of atorvastatin in both young and adult aortas. Incubation with l-NAME did not completely eliminate the relaxations to atorvastatin in the presence of cilostazol. These results suggest that combined application of cilostazol with atorvastatin was significantly more potent than atorvastatin alone. Combined drug therapy may be efficacious in delaying the occurrence of cardiovascular events.
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Affiliation(s)
- KE Nurullahoğlu-Atalık
- 1 Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Meram Medicine, University of Necmettin Erbakan, Konya, Turkey
| | - S Kutlu
- 2 Department of Physiology, Faculty of Meram Medicine, University of Necmettin Erbakan, Konya, Turkey
| | - H Solak
- 2 Department of Physiology, Faculty of Meram Medicine, University of Necmettin Erbakan, Konya, Turkey
| | - R Özen Koca
- 2 Department of Physiology, Faculty of Meram Medicine, University of Necmettin Erbakan, Konya, Turkey
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Awad K, Mikhailidis DP, Toth PP, Jones SR, Moriarty P, Lip GYH, Muntner P, Catapano AL, Pencina MJ, Rosenson RS, Rysz J, Banach M. Efficacy and Safety of Alternate-Day Versus Daily Dosing of Statins: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2017; 31:419-431. [DOI: 10.1007/s10557-017-6743-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Walker ME, Souza PR, Colas RA, Dalli J. 13-Series resolvins mediate the leukocyte-platelet actions of atorvastatin and pravastatin in inflammatory arthritis. FASEB J 2017; 31:3636-3648. [PMID: 28465323 PMCID: PMC5503705 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201700268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis is an inflammatory condition characterized by overzealous inflammation that leads to joint damage and is associated with an increased incidence of cardiovascular disease. Statins are frontline therapeutics for patients with cardiovascular disease and exert beneficial actions in rheumatoid arthritis. The mechanism that mediates the beneficial actions of statins in rheumatoid arthritis remains of interest. In the present study, we found that the administration of 2 clinically relevant statins—atorvastatin (0.2 mg/kg) or pravastatin (0.2 mg/kg)—to mice during inflammatory arthritis up-regulated systemic and tissue amounts of a novel family of proresolving mediators, termed 13-series resolvins (RvTs), and significantly reduced joint disease. Of note, administration of simvastatin (0.2 mg/kg) did not significantly up-regulate RvTs or reduce joint inflammation. We also found that atorvastatin and pravastatin each reduced systemic leukocyte activation, including platelet-monocyte aggregates (∼25–60%). These statins decreased neutrophil trafficking to the joint as well as joint monocyte and macrophage numbers. Atorvastatin and pravastatin produced significant reductions (∼30–50%) in expression of CD11b and major histocompatibility complex class II on both monocytes and monocyte-derived macrophages in joints. Administration of an inhibitor to cyclooxygenase-2, the initiating enzyme in the RvT pathway, reversed the protective actions of these statins on both joint and systemic inflammation. Together, these findings provide evidence for the role of RvTs in mediating the protective actions of atorvastatin and pravastatin in reducing local and vascular inflammation, and suggest that RvTs may be useful in measuring the anti-inflammatory actions of statins.—Walker, M. E., Souza, P. R., Colas, R. A., Dalli, J. 13-Series resolvins mediate the leukocyte-platelet actions of atorvastatin and pravastatin in inflammatory arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary E Walker
- Lipid Mediator Unit, Centre for Biochemical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Patricia R Souza
- Lipid Mediator Unit, Centre for Biochemical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Romain A Colas
- Lipid Mediator Unit, Centre for Biochemical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jesmond Dalli
- Lipid Mediator Unit, Centre for Biochemical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
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Vaitla J, Bayer A, Hopmann KH. Synthesis of Indoles and Pyrroles Utilizing Iridium Carbenes Generated from Sulfoxonium Ylides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201610520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Janakiram Vaitla
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Theoretical and Computational Chemistry (CTCC); University of Tromsø; 9037 Tromsø Norway
| | - Annette Bayer
- Department of Chemistry; University of Tromsø; 9037 Tromsø Norway
| | - Kathrin H. Hopmann
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Theoretical and Computational Chemistry (CTCC); University of Tromsø; 9037 Tromsø Norway
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Vaitla J, Bayer A, Hopmann KH. Synthesis of Indoles and Pyrroles Utilizing Iridium Carbenes Generated from Sulfoxonium Ylides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:4277-4281. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201610520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Janakiram Vaitla
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Theoretical and Computational Chemistry (CTCC); University of Tromsø; 9037 Tromsø Norway
| | - Annette Bayer
- Department of Chemistry; University of Tromsø; 9037 Tromsø Norway
| | - Kathrin H. Hopmann
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Theoretical and Computational Chemistry (CTCC); University of Tromsø; 9037 Tromsø Norway
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Weersink RA, Drenth JPH, Borgsteede SD. Altered Pharmacokinetics of Statins Explain Increased Risk of Rhabdomyolysis in Advanced Cirrhosis. Gastroenterology 2016; 151:1036. [PMID: 27713044 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2016.06.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Joost P H Drenth
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Sander D Borgsteede
- Health Base Foundation, Houten, The Netherlands and SIR Institute for Pharmacy Practice and Policy, Leiden, The Netherlands
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The studies of PLGA nanoparticles loading atorvastatin calcium for oral administration in vitro and in vivo. Asian J Pharm Sci 2016; 12:285-291. [PMID: 32104340 PMCID: PMC7032215 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajps.2016.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2016] [Revised: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A biodegradable poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) loading atorvastatin calcium (AC) nanoparticles (AC-PLGA-NPs) were prepared by probe ultrasonication and evaporation method aiming at improving the oral bioavailability of AC. The effects of experimental parameters, including stabilizer species, stabilizer concentration and pH of aqueous phase, on particle size were also evaluated. The resultant nanoparticles were in spherical shape with an average diameter of 174.7 nm and a narrow particle size distribution. And the drug loading and encapsulation efficiency were about 8% and 71%, respectively. The particle size and polydispersion were almost unchanged in 10 days. The release curves of AC-PLGA-NPs in vitro displaying sustained release characteristics indicated that its release mechanisms were matrix erosion and diffusion. The pharmacokinetic study in vivo revealed that the Cmax and AUC0-∞ of AC-PLGA-NPs in rats were nearly 3.7-fold and 4.7-fold higher than that of pure atorvastatin calcium suspension. Our results demonstrated that the delivery of AC-PLGA-NPs could be a promising approach for the oral delivery of AC for enhanced bioavailability.
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Effect of Different Dietary Levels of Atorvastatin and L-Carnitine on Performance, Carcass Characteristics and Plasma Constitutes of Broiler Chickens. J Poult Sci 2016; 53:201-207. [PMID: 32908384 PMCID: PMC7477135 DOI: 10.2141/jpsa.0150184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of L-carnitine, atorvastatin and their combination on growth and lipid metabolism of broiler chickens is not yet known. Thus, the objective of the present study was to investigate the effects of dietary L-carnitine and atorvastatin on the performance, carcass characteristics and blood parameters in broilers. Different dietary levels of L-carnitine (0, 150 and 300 mg/kg, respectively) and atorvastatin (0, 1 and 2 g/kg, respectively) were added to the daily birds' ration. Significant positive effects (P<0.05) on broiler body weight for both L-carnitine and atorvastatin were reported, and this effect became clear starting from the 4th week of rearing period till the slaughter age. Dietary treatments had also significant (P<0.05) positive effects on broilers empty carcass, breast and drumstick weights. Conversely, L-carnitine slightly increased abdominal fat, whereas supplementing atorvastatin slightly reduced it (P<0.05). However, Combining the treatments, resulted in reduction of abdominal fat pad, showing also the best development of breast and drumstick muscles (P<0.05). Moreover, the weight of gizzard, liver and heart were significantly higher in birds treated with the highest doses supplied (P<0.05). Dietary treatments had also influence on blood biochemical parameters of broilers. In overall, our findings suggest that combining dietary L-carnitine and atorvastatin supported birds growth and muscles development reducing the body fat deposition. However, further studies are needed to deeply study the potential effect of statins on meat quality.
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Croitoru O, Spiridon AM, Belu I, Turcu-Ştiolică A, Neamţu J. Development and Validation of an HPLC Method for Simultaneous Quantification of Clopidogrel Bisulfate, Its Carboxylic Acid Metabolite, and Atorvastatin in Human Plasma: Application to a Pharmacokinetic Study. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL METHODS IN CHEMISTRY 2015; 2015:892470. [PMID: 26839733 PMCID: PMC4709620 DOI: 10.1155/2015/892470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2015] [Revised: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A simple, sensitive, and specific reversed phase liquid chromatographic method was developed and validated for simultaneous quantification of clopidogrel, its carboxylic acid metabolite, and atorvastatin in human serum. Plasma samples were deproteinized with acetonitrile and ibuprofen was chosen as internal standard. Chromatographic separation was performed on an BDS Hypersil C18 column (250 × 4.6 mm; 5 μm) via gradient elution with mobile phase consisting of 10 mM phosphoric acid (sodium) buffer solution (pH = 2.6 adjusted with 85% orthophosphoric acid) : acetonitrile : methanol with flow rate of 1 mL·min(-1). Detection was achieved with PDA detector at 220 nm. The method was validated in terms of linearity, sensitivity, precision, accuracy, limit of quantification, and stability tests. Calibration curves of the analytes were found to be linear in the range of 0.008-2 μg·mL(-1) for clopidogrel, 0.01-4 μg·mL(-1) for its carboxylic acid metabolite, and 0.005-2.5 μg·mL(-1) for atorvastatin. The results of accuracy (as recovery) with ibuprofen as internal standard were in the range of 96-98% for clopidogrel, 94-98% for its carboxylic acid metabolite, and 90-99% for atorvastatin, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Octavian Croitoru
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department I of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Petru Rares Street, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Adela-Maria Spiridon
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Doctoral School, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Petru Rares Street, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Ionela Belu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department II of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Petru Rares Street, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Adina Turcu-Ştiolică
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department II of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Petru Rares Street, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Johny Neamţu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department I of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Petru Rares Street, 200349 Craiova, Romania
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Bayya V, Makula A, Sanka K, Borra NS, Chaganty S. Rapid, Selective, and Rugged Method Development and Validation of Atorvastatin and its Active Metabolites, o-Hydroxy Atorvastatin and p-Hydroxy Atorvastatin, in Stabilized Plasma Using Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Tandem Mass Spectrometry. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2015.1079719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Venkanna Bayya
- University College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, JNTUH, Hyderabad, Telangana State, India
| | - Ajitha Makula
- University College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, JNTUH, Hyderabad, Telangana State, India
| | - Krishna Sanka
- School of Pharmacy, Anurag Group of Institutions, Hyderabad, Telangana State, India
| | - Naga Sandhya Borra
- School of Pharmacy, Anurag Group of Institutions, Hyderabad, Telangana State, India
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Hashem FM, Al-Sawahli MM, Nasr M, Ahmed OAA. Custom fractional factorial designs to develop atorvastatin self-nanoemulsifying and nanosuspension delivery systems--enhancement of oral bioavailability. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2015; 9:3141-52. [PMID: 26150693 PMCID: PMC4485649 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s86126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Poor water solubility of a drug is a major challenge in drug delivery research and a main cause for limited bioavailability and pharmacokinetic parameters. This work aims to utilize custom fractional factorial design to assess the development of self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery systems (SNEDDS) and solid nanosuspensions (NS) in order to enhance the oral delivery of atorvastatin (ATR). According to the design, 14 experimental runs of ATR SNEDDS were formulated utilizing the highly ATR solubilizing SNEDDS components: oleic acid, Tween 80, and propylene glycol. In addition, 12 runs of NS were formulated by the antisolvent precipitation–ultrasonication method. Optimized formulations of SNEDDS and solid NS, deduced from the design, were characterized. Optimized SNEDDS formula exhibited mean globule size of 73.5 nm, zeta potential magnitude of −24.1 mV, and 13.5 μs/cm of electrical conductivity. Optimized solid NS formula exhibited mean particle size of 260.3 nm, 7.4 mV of zeta potential, and 93.2% of yield percentage. Transmission electron microscopy showed SNEDDS droplets formula as discrete spheres. The solid NS morphology showed flaky nanoparticles with irregular shapes using scanning electron microscopy. The release behavior of the optimized SNEDDS formula showed 56.78% of cumulative ATR release after 10 minutes. Solid NS formula showed lower rate of release in the first 30 minutes. Bioavailability estimation in Wistar albino rats revealed an augmentation in ATR bioavailability, relative to ATR suspension and the commercial tablets, from optimized ATR SNEDDS and NS formulations by 193.81% and 155.31%, respectively. The findings of this work showed that the optimized nanocarriers enhance the oral delivery and pharmacokinetic profile of ATR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahima M Hashem
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Majid M Al-Sawahli
- Holding Company for Biological Products and Vaccines (VACSERA), Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Nasr
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Osama A A Ahmed
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia ; Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
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48
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Mohammadi-Bardbori A, Najibi A, Amirzadegan N, Gharibi R, Dashti A, Omidi M, Saeedi A, Ghafarian-Bahreman A, Niknahad H. Coenzyme Q10 remarkably improves the bio-energetic function of rat liver mitochondria treated with statins. Eur J Pharmacol 2015; 762:270-4. [PMID: 26007644 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.05.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Revised: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
CoQ10 shares a biosynthetic pathway with cholesterol therefore it can be a potential target of the widely available lipid-lowering agents such as statins. Statins are the most widely prescribed cholesterol-lowering drugs with the ability to inhibit HMG-CoA (3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A) reductase. Preclinical and clinical safety data have shown that statins do not cause serious adverse effects in humans. However, their long-term administration is associated with a variety of myopatic complaints. The aim of this study was to investigate whether CoQ10 supplementation of animals under high fat diet (HFD) treated with statins is able to bypass the mitochondrial metabolic defects or not? Animals were divided into 7 groups and fed with either regular (RD) or HFD during experiments. The first group considered as regular control and fed with a RD. Groups 2-7 including HFD control, CoQ10 (10mg/kg), simvastatin (30mg/kg), atorvastatin (30mg/kg), simvastatin+CoQ10 or atorvastatin+CoQ10 treated orally for 30 days and fed with HFD. At the end of treatments, the animals were killed and blood samples were collected for biochemical examinations. The rat liver mitochondria were isolated and several mitochondrial indices including succinate dehydrogenase activity (SDA), ATP levels, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPP) were determined. We found that triglyceride (Tg), cholesterol (Chol) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) were augmented with HFD compared to RD and treatment with statins remarkably lowered the Tg, Chol and LDL levels. Mitochondrial parameters including, SDA, ATP levels, MMP and MPP were reduced with statin treatment and improved by co-administration with CoQ10.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afshin Mohammadi-Bardbori
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Fars 71345-1583, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Asma Najibi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Fars 71345-1583, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Najmeh Amirzadegan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Fars 71345-1583, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Raziyeh Gharibi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Fars 71345-1583, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ayat Dashti
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Fars 71345-1583, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Omidi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Fars 71345-1583, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Arastoo Saeedi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Fars 71345-1583, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ali Ghafarian-Bahreman
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Fars 71345-1583, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hossein Niknahad
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Fars 71345-1583, Shiraz, Iran; Pharmaceutical Science Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Campos MI, Vieira WDA, Campos CN, Aarestrup FM, Aarestrup BJV. Atorvastatin and trans-caryophyllene for the prevention of leukopenia in an experimental chemotherapy model in Wistar rats. Mol Clin Oncol 2015; 3:825-828. [PMID: 26171189 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2015.544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Malignant neoplasia represents the second cause of disease-related mortality and, among all patients diagnosed with cancer, 70% will receive chemotherapy during the course of treatment. As a consequence, an increasing number of researchers have focused their attention on the search for more specific anticancer therapies associated with fewer side effects. Leukopenia is an important adverse effect associated with chemotherapy. Secondary infection is very common among leukopenic patients, directly affecting the continuity of the chemotherapeutic treatment and leading to possible complications in tumor immune defense. Atorvastatin, a type of statin, is a known agent used to control hypercholesterolemia. Trans-caryophyllene, isolated from a resinous oil extracted from the copaiba tree, possesses anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties. The AIM of the present study was to evaluate, through a complete leukocyte count, the systemic immunomodulation potential of pentoxifylline (PTX), atorvastatin and trans-caryophyllene, as well as the possible prophylactic role of these drugs against secondary leukopenia, in an experimental chemotherapy model induced by 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in wistar rats. A total of 32 male wistar rats were used, 24 of which were submitted to treatment with atorvastatin, PTX and trans-caryophyllene prior to the administration of chemotherapy. The Shapiro-Wilk test was used to verify normality and the Kruskal-Wallis test was used for negative data in the normality test. Among the drugs selected, atorvastatin exhibited the best preventive potential in regards to leukopenia secondary to experimental chemotherapy induced by 5-FU, in comparison to the group receiving saline solution, while PTX amplified such alterations in the leukograms of the animals in this trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Ines Campos
- Postgraduate Program in Health, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Celso Neiva Campos
- Department of Dental Clinic, Dental Scool, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
| | - Fernando Monteiro Aarestrup
- Laboratory of Immunopathology and Clinical Immunology, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Julião Vieira Aarestrup
- Laboratory of Immunopathology and Clinical Immunology, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil ; Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
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50
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Schönherr D, Wollatz U, Haznar-Garbacz D, Hanke U, Box KJ, Taylor R, Ruiz R, Beato S, Becker D, Weitschies W. Characterisation of selected active agents regarding pKa values, solubility concentrations and pH profiles by SiriusT3. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2015; 92:155-70. [PMID: 25758123 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2015.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Revised: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to determine pKa values and solubility properties of 34active agents using the SiriusT3 apparatus. The selected drug substances belong to the groups of ACE-inhibitors, β-blockers, antidiabetics and lipid lowering substances. Experimentally obtained pKa and intrinsic solubility values were compared to calculated values (program ACD/ChemSketch) and pKa values to published data as well. Solubility-pH profiles were generated to visualise the substance solubility over the gastrointestinal pH range. The relationship between the solubility characteristic of a substance, its bioavailability and categorisation according to the Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS) was examined as well. The results showed a good agreement between experimentally obtained, calculated and published pKa values. The measured and calculated intrinsic solubility values indicated several major deviations. All solubility-pH profiles showed the expected shape and appearance for acids, bases or zwitterionic substances. The obtained results for the pKa and solubility measurements of the examined active agents may help to predict their physicochemical behaviour in vivo, and to understand the bioavailability of the substances according to their BCS categorisation. The easy and reproducible determination of pKa and solubility values makes the SiriusT3 apparatus a useful tool in early stages of drug and formulation development.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Schönherr
- University of Greifswald, Center of Drug Absorption and Transport, Institute of Pharmacy, 17487 Greifswald, Germany
| | - U Wollatz
- University of Greifswald, Center of Drug Absorption and Transport, Institute of Pharmacy, 17487 Greifswald, Germany
| | - D Haznar-Garbacz
- University of Greifswald, Center of Drug Absorption and Transport, Institute of Pharmacy, 17487 Greifswald, Germany
| | - U Hanke
- University of Greifswald, Center of Drug Absorption and Transport, Institute of Pharmacy, 17487 Greifswald, Germany
| | - K J Box
- Sirius Analytical Ltd., Forest Row, East Sussex RH18 5DW, UK
| | - R Taylor
- Sirius Analytical Ltd., Forest Row, East Sussex RH18 5DW, UK
| | - R Ruiz
- Sirius Analytical Ltd., Forest Row, East Sussex RH18 5DW, UK
| | - S Beato
- Novartis Pharma AG, Technical Research & Development, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - D Becker
- Vivo Drug Delivery GmbH, 8832 Wollerau, Switzerland
| | - W Weitschies
- University of Greifswald, Center of Drug Absorption and Transport, Institute of Pharmacy, 17487 Greifswald, Germany.
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