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Luo G, Jia Y, Hu Y, Wu F, Wang M, Chen X. Practical synthesis of ECH and epoxyquinols A and B from (-)-shikimic acid. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:4608-4615. [PMID: 35608102 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob00559j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An efficient synthesis of ECH, epoxyquinols A and B, and two bioactive analogs EqM and RKTS-33 has been completed starting from (-)-shikimic acid. Rapid establishment of the desired epoxyquinol core is facilitated through a key allylic oxidation with high stereoselectivity, which is achieved by fine tuning the cyclohexene substrate structure and reaction conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiyin Luo
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, PR China.
| | - Yuanliang Jia
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, PR China.
| | - Yue Hu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, PR China.
| | - Folei Wu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, PR China.
| | - Maolin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, PR China.
| | - Xiaochuan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, PR China.
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2
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Design, synthesis and antitumour and anti-angiogenesis evaluation of 22 moscatilin derivatives. Bioorg Med Chem 2019; 27:2657-2665. [PMID: 31047774 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2019.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Two series of moscatilin derivatives were designed, synthesized and evaluated as anti-tumor and anti-angiogenesis agents. Most of these compounds showed moderate-to-obvious cytotoxicity against five cancer cell lines (A549, HepG2, MDA-MB-231, MKN-45, HCT116). Among these cell lines, compounds had obvious effects on HCT116. Especially for 8Ae, the IC50 was low to 0.25 μM. 8Ae can inhibit the viability and induce the apoptosis of HCT116 cells but exhibit no cytotoxic activity in noncancerous NCM460 colon cells. 8Ae can also arrest the G2/M cell cycle in HCT116 cells by inhibiting the α-tubulin expression. Zebrafish bioassay-guided screen showed the 22 moscatilin derivatives had potent anti-angiogenic activities and compound 8Ae had better activities than positive compound. Molecular docking indicated 8Ae interacted with tubulin at the affinity of -7.2 Kcal/mol. In conclusion, compound 8Ae was a potential antitumor and anti-angiogenesis candidate for further development.
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3
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Cascinu S, Valenti A, Mesiti M, Gasparini G. Angiosuppression and Chemotherapy: Strategies Aimed at Their Integration in Cancer Patients. Int J Biol Markers 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/172460089901400407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A number of antiangiogenic agents have been developed as pharmaceuticals and are currently being tested in clinical studies. Potential strategies to enhance the activity of angiogenesis inhibitors could be to combine them, or better still, to administer them either sequentially or concurrently with cytotoxic drugs. Chemotherapy would be a more appropriate initial choice for patients with advanced disease since cytostatic agents can induce a fast regression of the tumor and cancer-related symptoms. Antiangiogenic treatment could be used after chemotherapy in patients who achieve disease remission to prolong the time to progression, the symptom-free interval and the overall survival. Antiangiogenic treatment is likely to attain an important role in the adjuvant setting. In fact, it could be used for prolonged periods after radical surgery to maintain dormancy of residual tumor cells. In spite of these promising preclinical data, several points need to be clarified before the initiation of clinical trials. In fact, certain misconceptions may interfere with their optimum design and result analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Cascinu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Azienda Ospedali Riuniti “Bianchi-Melacrino-Morelli”, Reggio Calabria - Italy
| | - A. Valenti
- Department of General Pathology, Azienda Ospedali Riuniti “Bianchi-Melacrino-Morelli”, Reggio Calabria - Italy
| | - M. Mesiti
- Department of Oncology, University of Messina, Messina
| | - G. Gasparini
- Division of Medical Oncology, Azienda Ospedali Riuniti “Bianchi-Melacrino-Morelli”, Reggio Calabria - Italy
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4
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Tung YT, Huang PW, Chou YC, Lai CW, Wang HP, Ho HC, Yen CC, Tu CY, Tsai TC, Yeh DC, Wang JL, Chong KY, Chen CM. Lung tumorigenesis induced by human vascular endothelial growth factor (hVEGF)-A165 overexpression in transgenic mice and amelioration of tumor formation by miR-16. Oncotarget 2016; 6:10222-38. [PMID: 25912305 PMCID: PMC4496351 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Many studies have shown that vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), especially the human VEGF-A165 (hVEGF-A165) isoform, is a key proangiogenic factor that is overexpressed in lung cancer. We generated transgenic mice that overexpresses hVEGF-A165 in lung-specific Clara cells to investigate the development of pulmonary adenocarcinoma. In this study, three transgenic mouse strains were produced by pronuclear microinjection, and Southern blot analysis indicated similar patterns of the foreign gene within the genomes of the transgenic founder mice and their offspring. Accordingly, hVegf-A165 mRNA was expressed specifically in the lung tissue of the transgenic mice. Histopathological examination of the lung tissues of the transgenic mice showed that hVEGF-A165 overexpression induced bronchial inflammation, fibrosis, cysts, and adenoma. Pathological section and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) analyses demonstrated a positive correlation between the development of pulmonary cancer and hVEGF expression levels, which were determined by immunohistochemistry, qRT-PCR, and western blot analyses. Gene expression profiling by cDNA microarray revealed a set of up-regulated genes (hvegf-A165, cyclin b1, cdc2, egfr, mmp9, nrp-1, and kdr) in VEGF tumors compared with wild-type lung tissues. In addition, overexpressing hVEGF-A165 in Clara cells increases CD105, fibrogenic genes (collagen α1, α-SMA, TGF-β1, and TIMP1), and inflammatory cytokines (IL-1, IL-6, and TNF-α) in the lungs of hVEGF-A165-overexpressing transgenic mice as compared to wild-type mice. We further demonstrated that the intranasal administration of microRNA-16 (miR-16) inhibited lung tumor growth by suppressing VEGF expression via the intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathways. In conclusion, hVEGF-A165 transgenic mice exhibited complex alterations in gene expression and tumorigenesis and may be a relevant model for studying VEGF-targeted therapies in lung adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Tang Tung
- Department of Life Sciences and Agricultural Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Pin-Wu Huang
- Department of Life Sciences and Agricultural Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ching Chou
- Department of Life Sciences and Agricultural Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Wei Lai
- Department of Life Sciences and Agricultural Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Po Wang
- Department of Life Sciences and Agricultural Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Heng-Chien Ho
- Department of Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ching Yen
- Department of Life Sciences and Agricultural Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan.,Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yen Tu
- Department of Life Sciences and Agricultural Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan.,Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Tung-Chou Tsai
- Department of Life Sciences and Agricultural Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Dah-Cherng Yeh
- Department of General Surgery and Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 407, Taiwan
| | - Jiun-Long Wang
- Department of Life Sciences and Agricultural Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan.,Division of Chest Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 407, Taiwan
| | - Kowit-Yu Chong
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan 333, Taiwan.,Molecular Medicine Research Center, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Chuan-Mu Chen
- Department of Life Sciences and Agricultural Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan.,Rong-Hsing Translational Medicine Center and iEGG Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
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5
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Jiang X, Shan J, Dai N, Zhong Z, Qing Y, Yang Y, Zhang S, Li C, Sui J, Ren T, Li M, Wang D. Apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 regulates angiogenesis in a transforming growth factor β-dependent manner in human osteosarcoma. Cancer Sci 2015; 106:1394-401. [PMID: 26250694 PMCID: PMC4638009 DOI: 10.1111/cas.12763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Revised: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 08/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis plays an important role in tumor growth and metastasis and has been reported to be inversely correlated with overall survival of osteosarcoma patients. It has been shown that apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 (APE1), a dually functional protein possessing both base excision repair and redox activities, is involved in tumor angiogenesis, although these mechanisms are not fully understood. Our previous study showed that the expression of transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) was significantly reduced in APE1-deficient osteosarcoma cells. Transforming growth factor β promotes cancer metastasis through various mechanisms including immunosuppression, angiogenesis, and invasion. In the current study, we initially revealed that APE1, TGFβ, and microvessel density (MVD) have pairwise correlation in osteosarcoma tissue samples, whereas TGFβ, tumor size, and MVD were inversely related to the prognosis of the cohort. We found that knocking down APE1 in osteosarcoma cells resulted in TGFβ downregulation. In addition, APE1-siRNA led to suppression of angiogenesis in vitro based on HUVECs in Transwell and Matrigel tube formation assays. Reduced secretory protein level of TGFβ of culture medium also resulted in decreased phosphorylation of Smad3 of HUVECs. In a mouse xenograft model, siRNA-mediated silencing of APE1 downregulated TGFβ expression, tumor size, and MVD. Collectively, the current evidence indicates that APE1 regulates angiogenesis in osteosarcoma by controlling the TGFβ pathway, suggesting a novel target for anti-angiogenesis therapy in human osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Jiang
- Cancer Center, Daping Hospital and Research Institute of Surgery, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jinlu Shan
- Cancer Center, Daping Hospital and Research Institute of Surgery, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Nan Dai
- Cancer Center, Daping Hospital and Research Institute of Surgery, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhaoyang Zhong
- Cancer Center, Daping Hospital and Research Institute of Surgery, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yi Qing
- Cancer Center, Daping Hospital and Research Institute of Surgery, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuxing Yang
- Cancer Center, Daping Hospital and Research Institute of Surgery, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shiheng Zhang
- Cancer Center, Daping Hospital and Research Institute of Surgery, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chongyi Li
- Cancer Center, Daping Hospital and Research Institute of Surgery, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiangdong Sui
- Cancer Center, Daping Hospital and Research Institute of Surgery, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tao Ren
- Cancer Center, Daping Hospital and Research Institute of Surgery, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Mengxia Li
- Cancer Center, Daping Hospital and Research Institute of Surgery, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Cancer Center, Daping Hospital and Research Institute of Surgery, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
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6
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Wang Y, Zhang J, Wu Y, Ding ZY, Luo XM, Liu J, Zhong WN, Deng GH, Xia XY, Deng YT, Wei YQ, Jiang Y. Mannan-modified adenovirus targeting TERT and VEGFR-2: A universal tumour vaccine. Sci Rep 2015; 5:11275. [PMID: 26085010 PMCID: PMC4471666 DOI: 10.1038/srep11275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2014] [Accepted: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Antigen-presenting cells including dendritic cells (DCs) express mannan receptors (MR) on their surface, which can be exploited in cancer therapy by designing immune-stimulatory viruses coated with mannan-modified capsids that then bind to DCs and initiate a potent immune response. Although the combination of anti-angiogenesis and cancer immunotherapy agents has a synergistic antitumor effect, more effective strategies for delivering such combinations are still required. Here we report the design and application of mannan-modified adenovirus that expresses both telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR-2). Cytotoxic T lymphocytes that are reactive to TERT and VEGFR-2 are capable of mounting an anti-tumour response in murine breast and colon tumour models and in a lung metastatic model. Compared with mannan-modified TERT adenovirus vaccine or mannan-modified VEGFR-2 adenovirus vaccine alone, the combined vaccine showed remarkably synergistic anti-tumour immunity in these models. Both TERT- and VEGFR-2-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) were identified in an in vitro cytotoxicity assay, and the CTL activity against tumour cells was significantly elevated in the combined vaccine group. Furthermore, CTL-mediated toxicity was blocked by anti-CD8 monoclonal antibodies. Thus, the combined mannan-modified TERT and VEGFR-2 adenovirus confers potent anti-tumour immunity by targeting both tumour cells and intratumoural angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- 1] Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China [2] Department of East Ward Oncology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences &Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu 610072, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Wu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen-Yu Ding
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin-Mei Luo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Wu-Ning Zhong
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Guo-Hua Deng
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang-Yu Xia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao-Tiao Deng
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Quan Wei
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Jiang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
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7
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Meierjohann S. Hypoxia-independent drivers of melanoma angiogenesis. Front Oncol 2015; 5:102. [PMID: 26000250 PMCID: PMC4419834 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2015.00102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor angiogenesis is a process which is traditionally regarded as the tumor’s response to low nutrient supply occurring under hypoxic conditions. However, hypoxia is not a pre-requisite for angiogenesis. The fact that even single tumor cells or small tumor cell aggregates are capable of attracting blood vessels reveals the early metastatic capability of tumor cells. This review sheds light on the hypoxia-independent mechanisms of tumor angiogenesis in melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svenja Meierjohann
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Biocenter, University of Würzburg , Würzburg , Germany ; Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, University Hospital Würzburg , Würzburg , Germany
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8
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Discovery of N-(3-((7H-purin-6-yl)thio)-4-hydroxynaphthalen-1-yl)-sulfonamide derivatives as novel protein kinase and angiogenesis inhibitors for the treatment of cancer: Synthesis and biological evaluation. Part III. Bioorg Med Chem 2014; 22:1487-95. [PMID: 24440479 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2013.11.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2013] [Revised: 11/26/2013] [Accepted: 11/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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9
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Expression, purification and biological characterization of human vasostatin120–180 in Pichia pastoris. Protein Expr Purif 2013; 92:141-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2013.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2013] [Revised: 09/22/2013] [Accepted: 09/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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10
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Herbal compound triptolide synergistically enhanced antitumor activity of vasostatin120–180. Anticancer Drugs 2013; 24:945-57. [DOI: 10.1097/cad.0b013e3283651862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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11
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Yoo SY, Kwon SM. Angiogenesis and its therapeutic opportunities. Mediators Inflamm 2013; 2013:127170. [PMID: 23983401 PMCID: PMC3745966 DOI: 10.1155/2013/127170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2013] [Accepted: 07/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis plays critical roles in human physiology that range from reproduction and fetal growth to wound healing and tissue repair. The sophisticated multistep process is tightly regulated in a spatial and temporal manner by "on-off switch signals" between angiogenic factors, extracellular matrix components, and endothelial cells. Uncontrolled angiogenesis may lead to several angiogenic disorders, including vascular insufficiency (myocardial or critical limb ischemia) and vascular overgrowth (hemangiomas, vascularized tumors, and retinopathies). Thus, numerous therapeutic opportunities can be envisaged through the successful understanding and subsequent manipulation of angiogenesis. Here, we review the clinical implications of angiogenesis and discuss pro- and antiangiogenic agents that offer potential therapy for cancer and other angiogenic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Young Yoo
- Laboratory for Vascular Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, Convergence Stem Cell Research Center, Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan 626-870, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Mo Kwon
- Laboratory for Vascular Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, Convergence Stem Cell Research Center, Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan 626-870, Republic of Korea
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12
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Schaafhausen MK, Yang WJ, Centanin L, Wittbrodt J, Bosserhoff A, Fischer A, Schartl M, Meierjohann S. Tumor angiogenesis is caused by single melanoma cells in a manner dependent on reactive oxygen species and NF-κB. J Cell Sci 2013; 126:3862-72. [PMID: 23843609 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.125021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanomas have a high angiogenic potential, but respond poorly to medical treatment and metastasize very early. To understand the early events in tumor angiogenesis, animal models with high tumor resolution and blood vessel resolution are required, which provide the opportunity to test the ability of small molecule inhibitors to modulate the angiogenic tumor program. We have established a transgenic melanoma angiogenesis model in the small laboratory fish species Japanese medaka. Here, pigment cells are transformed by an oncogenic receptor tyrosine kinase in fish expressing GFP throughout their vasculature. We show that angiogenesis occurs in a reactive oxygen species (ROS)- and NF-κB-dependent, but hypoxia-independent manner. Intriguingly, we observed that blood vessel sprouting is induced even by single transformed pigment cells. The oncogenic receptor as well as human melanoma cells harboring other oncogenes caused the production of pro-angiogenic factors, most prominently angiogenin, through NF-κB signaling. Inhibiting NF-κB prevented tumor angiogenesis and led to the regression of existing tumor blood vessels. In conclusion, our high-resolution medaka melanoma model discloses that ROS and NF-κB signaling from single tumor cells causes hypoxia-independent angiogenesis, thus, demonstrating that the intrinsic malignant tumor cell features are sufficient to initiate and maintain a pro-angiogenic signaling threshold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian K Schaafhausen
- Department of Physiological Chemistry I, Biocenter, Am Hubland, University of Wurzburg, Wurzburg, Germany
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13
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Synthesis and biological evaluation of N-(4-hydroxy-3-mercaptonaphthalen-1-yl)amides as inhibitors of angiogenesis and tumor growth. Eur J Med Chem 2013; 64:377-88. [PMID: 23644219 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2013.03.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2012] [Revised: 03/18/2013] [Accepted: 03/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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14
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Active Component of Danshen (Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge), Tanshinone I, Attenuates Lung Tumorigenesis via Inhibitions of VEGF, Cyclin A, and Cyclin B Expressions. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 2013:319247. [PMID: 23662128 PMCID: PMC3638627 DOI: 10.1155/2013/319247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2012] [Accepted: 03/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Tanshinone I (T1) and tanshinone II (T2) are the major diterpenes isolated from Danshen (Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge). Three human lung adenocarcinoma cell lines, A549, CL1-0, and CL1-5, were treated with T1 and T2 for the in vitro antitumor test. Results showed that T1 was more effective than T2 in inhibiting the growth of lung cancer cells via suppressing the expression of VEGF, Cyclin A, and Cyclin B proteins in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, a transgenic mice model of the human vascular endothelial growth factor-A165 (hVEGF-A165) gene-induced pulmonary tumor was further treated with T1 for the in vivo lung cancer therapy test. T1 significantly attenuated hVEGF-A165 overexpression to normal levels of the transgenic mice (Tg) that were pretreated with human monocytic leukemia THP-1 cell-derived conditioned medium (CM). It also suppressed the formation of lung adenocarcinoma tumors (16.7%) compared with two placebo groups (50% for Tg/Placebo and 83.3% for Tg/CM/Placebo; P < 0.01). This antitumor effect is likely to slow the progression of cells through the S and G2/M phases of the cell cycle. Blocking of the tumor-activated cell cycle pathway may be a critical mechanism for the observed antitumorigenic effects of T1 treatment on vasculogenesis and angiogenesis.
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15
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Metronomic chemotherapy in progressive pediatric malignancies: old drugs in new package. Indian J Pediatr 2012; 79:1617-22. [PMID: 22544675 DOI: 10.1007/s12098-012-0759-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2012] [Accepted: 04/04/2012] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Despite intensive research in the field of cancer, many pediatric cancers are still incurable with current treatment protocols. Repetitive administration of conventional chemotherapy at maximal tolerated dose imposes many side effects that further limits the dosing and therefore decreases the anticancer effects. Usually limited options remain when a malignancy progresses after one or two lines of standard chemotherapy protocol. The goal of an oncologist at this point of time remains mainly palliative with an effort to halt the progression of cancer and improve quality of life. Metronomic chemotherapy is defined as the chronic administration of chemotherapeutic agents at relatively low, minimally toxic doses, and with no prolonged drug-free breaks. It is thought this type of chemotherapy inhibits tumor growth primarily through anti-angiogenic mechanisms, promoting apoptosis and immune- surveillance.
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16
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Antitumor activities of human placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells expressing endostatin on ovarian cancer. PLoS One 2012; 7:e39119. [PMID: 22911684 PMCID: PMC3404061 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0039119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2011] [Accepted: 05/16/2012] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Endostatin is an important endogenous inhibitor of neovascularization that has been widely used in anti-angiogenesis therapy for the treatment of cancer. However, its clinical application is largely hampered by its low efficacy. Human placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hpMSCs) are particularly attractive cells for clinical use in cell-based therapies. In the present study, hpMSCs were isolated and characterized. We then evaluated the tumor targeting properties and antitumor effects of hpMSCs as gene delivery vehicles for ovarian cancer therapy. We efficiently engineered hpMSCs to deliver endostatin via adenoviral transduction mediated by Lipofectamine 2000. The tropism capacity of the engineered hpMSCs toward tumor cells was then confirmed by in vitro migration assays and in vivo by intraperitoneal injection of hpMSCs into nude mice. The hpMSCs expressing the human endostatin gene demonstrated preferential homing to the tumor site and significantly decreased the tumor volume without apparent systemic toxic effects. These observations were associated with significantly decreased blood sprouts and tumor cell proliferation as well as a dramatically increased tumor apoptosis index. These results suggested that hpMSCs are potentially an effective delivery vehicle for therapeutic genes for the treatment of ovarian cancer.
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17
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Wang HT, Lee HI, Guo JH, Chen SH, Liao ZK, Huang KW, Torng PL, Hwang LH. Calreticulin promotes tumor lymphocyte infiltration and enhances the antitumor effects of immunotherapy by up-regulating the endothelial expression of adhesion molecules. Int J Cancer 2011; 130:2892-902. [PMID: 21805477 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.26339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2011] [Accepted: 07/22/2011] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Tumor-induced angiogenesis has been shown to suppress immune responses. One mechanism is to suppress leukocyte-endothelial cell interaction by down-regulating the expression of adhesion molecules, such as intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1, vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM)-1 and E-selectin on the tumor endothelium, which enables tumor cells to escape immune surveillance. Calreticulin (CRT), a chaperone protein mainly located in the endoplasmic reticulum, has been shown to exert anti-angiogenic activity and inhibit tumor growth. Here, we demonstrate that in addition to inhibiting angiogenesis, CRT also enhances the expression of both ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 on tumor endothelial cells. This expression results in enhanced leukocyte-endothelial cell interactions and increased lymphocyte infiltration into tumors. Therefore, combining intramuscular CRT gene transfer with intratumoral cytokine gene therapies significantly improves the antitumor effects of immunotherapy by markedly increasing the levels of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. This combined treatment increased the levels of infiltrating lymphocytes to those achieved using four times the cytokine dosage. The combined therapy also resulted in lower levels of immunosuppressive molecules and higher levels of activated T-cells in the tumor microenvironment than immunotherapy alone. In conclusion, this study describes a new antitumor mechanism of CRT that involves the up-regulation of tumor endothelial adhesion molecules and the enhanced infiltration of tumor-specific lymphocytes. Thus, CRT treatment can make tumor cells more vulnerable to immunotherapy and improve the therapeutic efficacy of immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Tien Wang
- Graduate Institute of Microbiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 100, Taiwan
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Ning T, Yan X, Lu ZJ, Wang GP, Zhang NG, Yang JL, Jiang SS, Wu Y, Yang L, Guan YS, Luo F. Gene therapy with the angiogenesis inhibitor endostatin in an orthotopic lung cancer murine model. Hum Gene Ther 2010; 20:103-11. [PMID: 18939902 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2008.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis plays an important role in the growth of solid tumors. To date, no information has been acquired on the effectiveness of gene therapy in the orthotopic lung cancer model of syngeneic immunocompetent mice treated with an angiogenesis inhibitor. Here, we report the establishment of such a model in which Lewis lung carcinoma (LL/2) cell suspensions were orthotopically inoculated into the lung parenchyma of C57BL/6 mice, which were also injected with a recombinant adenoviral vector delivering the human endostatin gene (Ad-hE). We found that orthotopic implantation of LL/2 cells into the lung parenchyma produced a solitary tumor nodule in the lung followed by remote mediastinal lymph node metastasis. Conditioned medium from Ad-hE-transfected LL/2 cells apparently inhibited proliferation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). The level of endostatin protein in serum could be identified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Treatment with Ad-hE resulted in inhibition of tumor growth and prolongation of survival time of tumor-bearing mice. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that intratumoral angiogenesis was significantly suppressed. Furthermore, the finding of angiogenesis inhibition was also supported by measuring the number of circulating endothelial cells (CECs). Apoptotic cells were found to be increased within tumor tissues from mice treated with Ad-hE. In addition, treatment with Ad-hE combined with cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II) (cisplatin) enhanced antitumor activity. These observations provide further evidence of the antitumor effect of endostatin gene therapy, and may be of importance for further exploration of potential application of this combined approach in the treatment of human lung cancer as well as other solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Ning
- Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
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Mauldin GN, Foster TP, Waddell CW, Egan ME. Cloning, expression and in vitro evaluation of recombinant canine Tum5, an angiostatic domain of mammalian type IV collagen. Vet Comp Oncol 2009; 1:36-47. [PMID: 19379329 DOI: 10.1046/j.1476-5829.2003.00004.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The process of new blood vessel formation within and around neoplastic tissue, termed angiogenesis, is a significant factor in the development, progression and metastasis of malignant tumours in all species. A major cause of death in cancer patients is the development of treatment-resistant metastatic disease, which may be avoided by therapies that target the genetically stable population of vascular endothelial cells within tumours. Tumstatin is a small protein formed by the cleavage of the alpha-3 subunit of the non-collagenous domain of mammalian type IV collagen. Recombinant human Tumstatin has been shown to have potent angiostatic properties in vitro and in vivo. Tumstatin is a potent initiator of apoptosis and inhibits the proliferation and migration of vascular endothelial cells in cell culture. Recently, a fragment of Tumstatin, termed Tum5, has been shown to have biologic activity similar to the parent compound. The systemic administration of angiostatic proteins like Tum5 may result in the remission of established tumours, while preventing or delaying the onset of clinically detectable metastasis. Recombinant canine Tum5 (cTum5) was cloned and its protein expression induced in a prokaryotic vector. The resulting cTum5 protein caused dose-dependent inhibition of vascular endothelial cells in vitro, which appears to be mediated through apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- G N Mauldin
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA.
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McElroy MK, Kaushal S, Tran Cao HS, Moossa AR, Talamini MA, Hoffman RM, Bouvet M. Upregulation of thrombospondin-1 and angiogenesis in an aggressive human pancreatic cancer cell line selected for high metastasis. Mol Cancer Ther 2009; 8:1779-86. [PMID: 19584238 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-09-0122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer remains a leading cause of death despite its relatively low incidence. As in many other solid tumors, angiogenesis is critical to the growth and metastasis of this cancer. Through serial in vivo passages in mice, we have developed a highly aggressive variant of human pancreatic cancer cell line XPA-1 which shows more rapid primary tumor growth, faster time to metastasis, and more rapid lethality than the parental cell line. The high-metastatic variant developed a much denser tumor vasculature early during growth within the pancreas. Interestingly, examination of the in vitro growth of this aggressive variant yielded no significant difference from the parental cell line. Real-time PCR evaluation of genes involved in angiogenesis revealed a 24-fold increase in Thrombospondin-1 expression in cells derived from the high-metastatic variant when compared with the parental cell line. These findings provide direct evidence that elevated capability for angiogenesis, mediated by specific changes in gene expression, can lead to a large increase in cancer aggressiveness and resulting metastasis. These findings have important implications for the treatment of metastatic disease.
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Villegas-Alvarez F, González-Zamora JF, González-Maciel A, Soriano-Rosales R, Pérez-Guille B, Padilla-Sánchez L, Reynoso-Robles R, Ramos-Morales A, Zenteno-Galindo E, Pérez-Torres A, Montalvo-Jave EE. Fibrocollagen-covered prosthesis for a noncircumferential segmental tracheal replacement. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2009; 139:32-7. [PMID: 19660403 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2009.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2008] [Revised: 02/10/2009] [Accepted: 04/03/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Fibrocollagen-covered polyester meshes can be used as possible substitutions for tracheal segments if they become integrated into the tissue without complications. The aim of this study was to assess a fibrocollagen-covered polyester prosthesis to be used as a substitution for a tracheal segment. METHODS We performed a blind, randomized experimental assay. Adult Wistar rats were assigned to one of 2 groups. Prostheses were made by implanting polyester tubing in a group of animals to cover them with homologous collagen. They were implanted as substitutions of tracheal segments in the experimental group after creating a defect in the anterior wall of the trachea. Clinical, histomorphologic, and immunohistochemical assessments were made at 4 different time points. RESULTS The experimental group presented some respiratory distress signs during the first 7 to 10 days, such as stertors, hissing, and low motor activity. After this initial period, the symptoms subsided progressively and disappeared at the end of the first month. These respiratory symptoms caused no mortality. Initially undifferentiated monolayer cells predominated on the implant's surface, but during the last 2 months, the proportion of epithelial and ciliated cells was similar to that seen in control animals. Types I, III, and V collagen fibers were identified around the mesh. The intraluminal area of the tracheas with prostheses and prosthesis thickness were larger during the 4 months of the experiment. The increase in thickness was due to angiogenesis without evidence of fibrosis or chronic inflammation. CONCLUSIONS Polyester-collagen prostheses used as substitutions of tracheal segments in rats enabled the proliferation of normal respiratory epithelium and maintained tracheal function without collapse, inflammatory reaction, or secondary stenosis.
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Shoji M, Hayashi Y. Total Synthesis of Epoxyquinols: Oxidative Dimerization and Its Theoretical Analysis. J SYN ORG CHEM JPN 2009. [DOI: 10.5059/yukigoseikyokaishi.67.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Mei K, Wang L, Tian L, Yu J, Zhang Z, Wei Y. Antitumor efficacy of combination of interferon-gamma-inducible protein 10 gene with gemcitabine, a study in murine model. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2008; 27:63. [PMID: 18983688 PMCID: PMC2586014 DOI: 10.1186/1756-9966-27-63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2008] [Accepted: 11/05/2008] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Background Interferon-γ-inducible protein 10 (IP-10) is a potent inhibitor of tumor angiogenesis. It has been reported that the antiangiogenic therapy combined with chemotherapy has synergistic effects. Methods To elucidate the mechanisms of IP-10 gene combined with a chemotherapy agent, we intramuscularly injected pBLAST-IP-10 expression plasmid combined with gemcitabine into tumor-bearing mice. Results The proliferation of endothelial cells was effectively inhibited by IP-10 combined with gemcitabine in vitro. Treatment with pBLAST-IP-10 twice a week for 4 weeks combined with gemcitabine 10 mg/kg (once a week) resulted in sustained high level of IP-10 protein in serum, inhibition of tumor growth and prolongation of the survival of tumor-bearing mice. Compared with administration of IP-10 plasmid or gemcitabine alone, the angiogenesis in tumors were apparently inhibited, and the numbers of apoptotic cells and lymphocytes in tumor increased in the combination therapy group. Conclusion Our data indicate that the gene therapy of antiangiogenesis by intramuscular delivery of plasmid DNA encoding IP-10 combined with gemcitabine has synergistic effects on tomor by inhibiting the proliferation of endothelail cells, inducing the apoptosis of tumor cells, and recruiting lymphocytes to tumor in murine models. The present findings provided evidence of antitumor effects of genetherapy combined with chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Mei
- 1Department of Oncology, Sichuan Cancer Hospital, Chengdu, 610041, PR China.
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25
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Farrow B, Albo D, Berger DH. The Role of the Tumor Microenvironment in the Progression of Pancreatic Cancer. J Surg Res 2008; 149:319-28. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2007.12.757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2007] [Revised: 08/01/2007] [Accepted: 12/06/2007] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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26
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Fan JK, Xiao T, Gu JF, Wei N, He LF, Ding M, Liu XY. Increased suppression of oncolytic adenovirus carrying mutant k5 on colorectal tumor. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2008; 374:198-203. [PMID: 18621025 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2008.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2008] [Accepted: 07/01/2008] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenesis plays a key role in the development of a wide variety of malignant tumors. The approach of targeting antiangiogenesis has become an important field of cancer gene therapy. In this study, the antiangiogenesis protein K5 (the kringle 5 of human plasminogen) has been mutated by changing leucine71 to arginine to form mK5. Then the ZD55-mK5, which is an oncolytic adenovirus expressing mK5, was constructed. It showed stronger inhibition on proliferation of human umbilical vein endothelial cell. Moreover, in tube formation and embryonic chorioallantoic membrane assay, ZD55-mK5 exhibited more effective antiangiogenesis than ZD55-K5. In addition, ZD55-mK5 generated obvious suppression on the growth of colorectal tumor xenografts and prolonged the life span of nude mice. These results indicate that ZD55-mK5 is a potent agent for inhibiting the tumor angiogenesis and tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Kai Fan
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
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27
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Xiao F, Zhang S, Arnold TC, Alexander JS, Huang J, Carden DL, Conrad SA. Mild Hypothermia Induced before Cardiac Arrest Reduces Brain Edema Formation in Rats. Acad Emerg Med 2008. [DOI: 10.1197/aemj.9.2.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Xiao
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA
| | - Shu Zhang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA
| | - Thomas C. Arnold
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA
| | - J. Steven Alexander
- Department of Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA
| | - Jian Huang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA
| | - Donna L. Carden
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA
| | - Steven A. Conrad
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA
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Li J, Qin J, Liu H, Yao X, Liu M, Hu Z. In Silico Prediction of Inhibition Activity of Pyrazine–Pyridine Biheteroaryls as VEGFR-2 Inhibitors Based on Least Squares Support Vector Machines. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/qsar.200630154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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29
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Shoji M. Total Synthesis of Epoxyquinonoid Natural Products. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2007. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.80.1672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuru Shoji
- Department of Industrial Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Tokyo University of Science, Kagurazaka, Shinjuku‐ku, Tokyo 162‐8601, Japan
| | - Yujiro Hayashi
- Department of Industrial Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Tokyo University of Science, Kagurazaka, Shinjuku‐ku, Tokyo 162‐8601, Japan
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Ischenko I, Guba M, Yezhelyev M, Papyan A, Schmid G, Green T, Fennell M, Jauch KW, Bruns CJ. Effect of Src kinase inhibition on metastasis and tumor angiogenesis in human pancreatic cancer. Angiogenesis 2007; 10:167-82. [PMID: 17486419 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-007-9071-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2006] [Accepted: 02/11/2007] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Tumor angiogenesis is a process that requires migration, proliferation, and differentiation of endothelial cells. We hypothesized that decrease in pancreatic tumor growth due to inhibition of Src activity is associated with the inability of Src kinase to trigger a network of such signaling processes, which finally leads to endothelial cell death and angiogenesis-restricted tumor dormancy. The therapeutic efficacy of Src kinase inhibitor AZM475271 was tested in nude mice orthotopically xenografted with L3.6pl pancreatic carcinoma cells. No liver metastases and peritoneal carcinosis were detected and a significant effect on the average pancreatic tumor burden was observed following treatment with AZM475271, which in turn correlated with a decrease in cell proliferation and an increase in apoptotic endothelial cells. AZM475271 was shown to significantly inhibit migration of human umbilical vein endothelial cells in an in vitro Boyden Chamber cell migration assay. In a rat aortic ring assay we could demonstrate as well inhibition of endothelial cell migration and sprouting following therapy with Src kinase inhibitor at similar doses. The most conclusive anti-angiogenic activity of AZM475271 was demonstrated in vivo (mouse corneal micropocket assay) by showing a marked inhibition of basic fibroblast growth factor-induced neovascularization in response to systemic administration of AZM475271. Furthermore, we could show reduced proliferation of HUVECs determined with the TACS MTT Cell Viability Assay Kit. The blockade of Src kinase significantly reduced the level of VEGF in L3.6pl medium, the effect which was found also in the cell culture supernate from HUVECs. Inhibition of Src kinase by AZM475271 also showed prevention of survival signaling from VEGF and EGF receptors. Treatment with AZM475271 resulted in VEGF - dependent inhibition of tyrosine phosphorylation of FAK. HUVECs were also examined using propidium iodide staining for cell cycle analysis by FACS. Inhibition of Src kinase promoted HUVEC apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. Taken together, our results suggest that the Src kinase inhibitor AZM475271, in addition to its effects on tumor cells, suppresses tumor growth and metastasis in vitro and in vivo potentially also by anti-angiogenic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Ischenko
- Department of Surgery, University of Munich-Grosshadern LMU, Marchioninistr. 15, Munich, Bavaria, 81377, Germany.
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Quesada AR, Muñoz-Chápuli R, Medina MA. Anti-angiogenic drugs: from bench to clinical trials. Med Res Rev 2006; 26:483-530. [PMID: 16652370 DOI: 10.1002/med.20059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenesis, the generation of new capillaries through a process of pre-existing microvessel sprouting, is under stringent control and normally occurs only during embryonic and post-embryonic development, reproductive cycle, and wound repair. However, in many pathological conditions (solid tumor progression, metastasis, diabetic retinopathy, hemangioma, arthritis, psoriasis and atherosclerosis among others), the disease appears to be associated with persistent upregulated angiogenesis. The development of specific anti-angiogenic agents arises as an attractive therapeutic approach for the treatment of cancer and other angiogenesis-dependent diseases. The formation of new blood vessels is a complex multi-step process. Endothelial cells resting in the parent vessels are activated by an angiogenic signal and stimulated to synthesize and release degradative enzymes allowing endothelial cells to migrate, proliferate and finally differentiate to give rise to capillary tubules. Any of these steps may be a potential target for pharmacological intervention. In spite of the disappointing results obtained initially in clinical trials with anti-angiogenic drugs, recent reports with positive results in phases II and III trials encourage expectations in their therapeutic potential. This review discusses the current approaches for the discovery of new compounds that inhibit angiogenesis, with emphasis on the clinical developmental status of anti-angiogenic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana R Quesada
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain.
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Wang R, Zhang XW, Wang GQ, Chen XC, Tian L, Yang HS, Hu M, Peng F, Yang JL, He QM, Zhang W, Jiang Y, Deng HX, Wen YJ, Li J, Zhao X, Wei YQ. Systemic inhibition of tumor growth by soluble Flk-1 gene therapy combined with cisplatin. Cancer Gene Ther 2006; 13:940-7. [PMID: 16799469 DOI: 10.1038/sj.cgt.7700958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Soluble Flk-1, a soluble vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptor, is a potent inhibitor of angiogenesis, which could restrain growth and metastasis of some experimental tumors. However, antiangiogenic agents alone cannot eradicate tumor completely, and should be combined with other therapy to enhance their effects. In this study, we evaluated the antitumor activity of the combination therapy in the immunocompetent BALB/c mice bearing H22 hepatoma and Meth A fibrosarcoma, respectively. Mice were treated with either msFlk-1 i.m. at 100 microg/mouse once every 3 days for four times from day 3 after the tumor cell injection, cisplatin cycled twice (2 mg/kg i.p. on days 4 and 11 after the tumor cell inoculation), or both agents together. Tumor growth and survival time were continually observed. Antiangiogenesis in vivo was determined by CD31 immunohistochemistry. Assessment of apoptotic cells and histological analysis was also conducted in tumor tissues. Our results showed that the combination therapy could evidently improve antitumor efficacy, including tumor growth suppression, mice survival prolongation, tumor cell apoptosis augmentation as well as neovascularization inhibition as compared with controls, without serious adverse effects. Our data suggest that the combination of DDP with msFlk-1 is more effective to suppress tumor growth in mice than either agent alone, and this combination regimen showed its potential for future clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, The People's Republic of China
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Gil-Bazo I, Páramo JA, García-Foncillas J. [New prognostic and predictive factors in advanced colorectal cancer]. Med Clin (Barc) 2006; 126:541-8. [PMID: 16756907 DOI: 10.1157/13087141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Cancer patients often show a clinical tendency to thromboembolic events. This tendency is due to tumor cell-related factors together with the damage of the vascular endothelial exerted by chemotherapy treatment. Gastrointestinal tumors especially contribute to these types of events. More recently, the implication of tumor angiogenesis in clotting/fibrynolisys and plasminogen systems activation has been addressed in cancer patients. Finally, some hemostasis and angiogenesis-related factors such as platelets, von Willebrand factor, fibrinogen, plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1, D dimer, and vascular endotelial growth factor have been highlighted as new potential response and survival predictors in colorectal cancer patients. In this review article, the current evidence supporting the use of these proteins in assessing prognosis in colorectal cancer patients is critically exposed and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Gil-Bazo
- Departamento de Oncología, Clínica Universitaria, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, España.
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Jagielski AK, Kryśkiewicz E, Bryła J. Suramin-induced reciprocal changes in glucose and lactate synthesis in renal tubules contribute to its hyperglycaemic action. Eur J Pharmacol 2006; 537:205-9. [PMID: 16626687 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2006.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2005] [Revised: 03/09/2006] [Accepted: 03/13/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Suramin is the drug of choice for the treatment of African trypanosomiasis and onchocerciasis. It is also tested for its potential use as an anticancer agent and chemosensitizer. As suramin has been reported to induce hyperglycaemia, its effect on glucose formation has been studied in isolated rabbit hepatocytes and kidney-cortex tubules. In contrast to hepatocytes, in kidney-cortex tubules suramin augments glucose production and decreases lactate formation. Suramin-induced changes in intracellular gluconeogenic/glycolytic intermediates indicate a decrease in flux through pyruvate-phosphoenolpyruvate step. Moreover, this compound diminishes pyruvate kinase activity in kidney-cortex cytosolic fraction, while fructose-1,6-bisphosphate ameliorates its inhibitory action. As (i) kidneys are important contributors to the whole body glucose homeostasis and (ii) suramin is known to accumulate in kidney, suramin-induced stimulation of glucose formation in renal tubules might be responsible for hyperglycaemia observed in patients undergoing suramin treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam K Jagielski
- Department of Metabolic Regulation, Institute of Biochemistry, Warsaw University, I. Miecznikowa 1, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland
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Hayrabedyan S, Kyurkchiev S, Kehayov I. FGF-1 and S100A13 possibly contribute to angiogenesis in endometriosis. J Reprod Immunol 2006; 67:87-101. [PMID: 16165218 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2005.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Endometriosis is referred often as an angiogenic disease. The pivotal role of angiogenesis in the pathophysiology of this disease has been confirmed by many studies. This process has several steps, and VEGF is probably the most important in its initiation. There are others involved in its continuation and maintenance of the tight balance between a quiescent and activated blood vessel state. In the process of formation of new blood capillaries and arterioles, many different factors are involved in sometimes distinct pathways. Such factors are TGF-beta and endoglin--the latter being one of the main modulators of the TGF-beta signaling pathway. Endoglin is now not only established as a marker of active neo-angiogenesis and activated endothelium, but also turns to be an active player in the very process of endometriotic angiogenesis. Its signaling pathway of hypoxic activation is tightly interconnected with that of VEGF, and also some of the FGFs. FGF-1 and S100A13 are members of two distinct families of proteins -- the FGFs, growth and angiogenic factors, and that of the S100 proteins, -- Ca(2+)-binding proteins involved in cell function regulation, motility and signaling. These two particular members are quite unique in having no signal peptide sequence and being involved in common export pathway. Our hypothesis is that these two factors are involved in vascular remodeling in endometriotic angiogenesis, playing a role in vascular wall formation and migration of endothelial cells (ECs) and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). We believe also that endoglin is tightly involved in the new arteriolar formation in endometriosis, being expressed in VSMCs but not on the ECs of the middle-sized vessels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soren Hayrabedyan
- Molecular Immunology Department, Institute of Biology and Immunology of Reproduction "Akad. K. Bratanov", Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia 1113, 73, Tsarigrdasko shosse blvd., Bulgaria
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In K, Park J, Park H. Resveratrol at high doses acts as an apoptotic inducer in endothelial cells. Cancer Res Treat 2006; 38:48-53. [PMID: 19771259 DOI: 10.4143/crt.2006.38.1.48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2006] [Accepted: 02/28/2006] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSES Resveratrol is a phenolic compound found in grapes and other food products. In order to assess the availability of resveratrol as an angio-inhibiting drug, we examined whether resveratrol plays an important role in bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAECs) for cell apoptosis and cell migration. METHODS AND MATERIALS Endothelial cell apoptosis was observed as detected by the Hoechst staining and the caspase-3 activity. Additionally, Western blotting was performed for monitoring the activities of various cell signaling molecules. RESULTS Resveratrol was shown to act as a pro-apoptotic agent. The pro-apoptotic effect of resveratrol was as great as that of etoposide, a well-known anti-cancer drug. In addition, resveratrol had an inhibitory effect on endothelial cell migration. The demonstrated efficacy of resveratrol suggests that resveratrol may be utilized as an anti-angiogenic drug. To determine the underlying mechanisms, we further investigated which signaling molecules are activated by resveratrol. Extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) was activated by the treatment with resveratrol in BAECs, whereas endothelial nitric oxide synthetase (eNOS), Akt, and Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) were inhibited. The pretreatment with PD compound, an ERK inhibitor, had no effect on the pro-apoptosis induced by resveratrol. CONCLUSION Resveratrol plays an important role in endothelial cell apoptosis, indicating that resveratrol can be utilized as a potent anti-angiogenic drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyungmin In
- Department of Molecular Biology & the Institute of Nanosensor and Biotechnology, Dankook Univiersity, Seoul, Korea
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Yamaguchi J, Toyoshima M, Shoji M, Kakeya H, Osada H, Hayashi Y. Concise Enantio- and Diastereoselective Total Syntheses of Fumagillol, RK-805, FR65814, Ovalicin, and 5-Demethylovalicin. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200502826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Yamaguchi J, Toyoshima M, Shoji M, Kakeya H, Osada H, Hayashi Y. Concise Enantio- and Diastereoselective Total Syntheses of Fumagillol, RK-805, FR65814, Ovalicin, and 5-Demethylovalicin. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2006; 45:789-93. [PMID: 16365904 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200502826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Junichiro Yamaguchi
- Department of Industrial Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Tokyo University of Science, Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
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Komorowski J, Jerczyńska H, Siejka A, Barańska P, Ławnicka H, Pawłowska Z, Stepień H. Effect of thalidomide affecting VEGF secretion, cell migration, adhesion and capillary tube formation of human endothelial EA.hy 926 cells. Life Sci 2005; 78:2558-63. [PMID: 16310808 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2005.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2005] [Accepted: 10/06/2005] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenesis, new blood vessel formation, is a multistep process, precisely regulated by pro-angiogenic cytokines, which stimulate endothelial cells to migrate, proliferate and differentiate to form new capillary microvessels. Excessive vascular development and blood vessel remodeling appears in psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, diabetic retinopathy and solid tumors formation. Thalidomide [alpha-(N-phthalimido)-glutarimide] is known to be a potent inhibitor of angiogenesis, but the mechanism of its inhibitory action remains unclear. The aim of the study was to investigate the potential influence of thalidomide on the several steps of angiogenesis, using in vitro models. We have evaluated the effect of thalidomide on VEGF secretion, cell migration, adhesion as well as in capillary formation of human endothelial cell line EA.hy 926. Thalidomide at the concentrations of 0.01 microM and 10 microM inhibited VEGF secretion into supernatants, decreased the number of formed capillary tubes and increased cell adhesion to collagen. Administration of thalidomide at the concentration of 0.01 microM increased cell migration, while at 10 microM, it decreased cell migration. Thalidomide in concentrations from 0.1 microM to 10 microM did not change cell proliferation of 72-h cell cultures. We conclude that anti-angiogenic action of thalidomide is due to direct inhibitory action on VEGF secretion and capillary microvessel formation as well as immunomodulatory influence on EA.hy 926 cells migration and adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Komorowski
- Department of Clinical Endocrinology, Chair of Endocrinology, Medical University of Lodz Dr Sterling 3 Street, 91-425 Lodz, Poland
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Yao B, He QM, Tian L, Xiao F, Jiang Y, Zhang R, Li G, Zhang L, Hou JM, Wang L, Cheng XC, Wen YJ, Kan B, Li J, Zhao X, Hu B, Zhou Q, Zhang L, Wei YQ. Enhanced Antitumor Effect of the Combination of Tumstatin Gene Therapy and Gemcitabine in Murine Models. Hum Gene Ther 2005; 16:1075-86. [PMID: 16149906 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2005.16.1075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Targeting tumor endothelium is an important strategy for cancer therapy. We evaluated the effectiveness of gene therapy, that is, intramuscular delivery of plasmid DNA encoding tumstatin (pSecTag2B-tum), combined with gemcitabine administration in vitro and in vivo, using colon carcinoma (CT26) and Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) murine models. The in vitro growth-inhibitory and proapoptotic effects of gemcitabine and/or tumstatin on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and mouse endothelial cells (SVEC4-10), respectively, were assessed. in vitro, conditioned medium from pSecTag2B-tum-transfected COS cells inhibited the growth of endothelial cells but not of CT26 or LLC cells, whereas gemcitabine inhibited the growth of both endothelial cells and CT26 and LLC cells. Mice bearing subcutaneously established CT26 or LLC tumors received pSecTag2B-tum alone or in combination with gemcitabine to assess tumor growth inhibition. in vivo, combined treatment with pSecTag2B-tum and gemcitabine significantly decreased tumor growth through increased inhibition of tumor angiogenesis and increased tumor cell apoptosis compared with either agent alone. Enhanced antiproliferative and proapoptotic activity of the combination therapy on tumor-associated endothelial cells was calculated to be significant. This study suggests that combined treatment by the intramuscular delivery of plasmid DNA encoding tumstatin and gemcitabine augments tumor growth inhibition by suppressing angiogenesis and enhancing apoptosis in murine models. A combination of these agents could be used in future studies and translated into the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Yao
- National Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, People's Republic of China
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Yao B, He QM, Tian L, Xiao F, Jiang Y, Zhang R, Li G, Zhang L, Hou JM, Wang L, Cheng XC, Wen YJ, Kan B, Li J, Zhao X, Hu B, Zhou Q, Zhang L, Wei YQ. Enhanced Antitumor Effect of the Combination of Tumstatin Gene Therapy and Gemcitabine in Murine Models. Hum Gene Ther 2005. [DOI: 10.1089/hum.2005.16.ft-109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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O'Byrne KJ, Steward WP. Tumour angiogenesis: a novel therapeutic target in patients with malignant disease. Expert Opin Emerg Drugs 2005; 6:155-74. [PMID: 15989502 DOI: 10.1517/14728214.6.1.155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Angiogenesis refers to the formation of new blood vessels from an existing vasculature and is recognised as a necessary requirement for most tumours to grow beyond 1-2 mm in diameter. Factors established as playing a role in angiogenesis may be divided into two principal groups: (a) those that stimulate endothelial cell proliferation and/or elongation, migration and vascular morphogenesis including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), platelet derived endothelial cell growth factor (PD-ECGF) and the tie and tek receptors, and (b) proteases and their receptors involved in the breakdown of basement membranes and the extracellular matrix (ECM) including the matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), cathepsins and those involved in the plasmin cascade. Angiogenesis has been identified as a potential target for development of anticancer agents. The discovery of a range of naturally-occurring factors which negatively regulate angiogenesis, including the thrombospondins, angiostatin and endostatin, and the tissue inhibitors of MMPs (TIMPs), has given added impetus to this approach. Synthetic anti-angiogenic compounds have been developed, including TNP-470, carboxyamidotriazole, VEGF-tyrosine kinase inhibitors and MMP inhibitors (MMPI) which, like the naturally-occurring anti-angiogenic factors, inhibit angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo, and tumour development, growth and metastasis in vivo. Anti-angiogenic agents also enhance the antitumour activity of many conventional cytotoxic chemotherapeutic agents. Such combinations may have a particular role as adjuvant therapies following surgical resection of primary tumours. Unlike tumour cells, tumour associated endothelial cells do not develop resistance to anti-angiogenic agents. Furthermore, anti-angiogenic agents are generally cytostatic rather than cytotoxic. As such, these agents are, in general, likely to be administered over long periods of time. Therefore, as well as having proven antitumour efficacy, an anti-angiogenic compound will need to be well-tolerated if it is to become established in the clinical management of patients with malignant disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- K J O'Byrne
- University Department of Oncology, Osborne Building, Leicester Royal Infirmary, Infirmary Square, Leicester, LE1 5WW, UK.
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Thompson AM, Delaney AM, Hamby JM, Schroeder MC, Spoon TA, Crean SM, Showalter HDH, Denny WA. Synthesis and Structure−Activity Relationships of Soluble 7-Substituted 3-(3,5-Dimethoxyphenyl)-1,6-naphthyridin-2-amines and Related Ureas as Dual Inhibitors of the Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor-1 and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2 Tyrosine Kinases. J Med Chem 2005; 48:4628-53. [PMID: 16000000 DOI: 10.1021/jm0500931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
7-Substituted 3-aryl-1,6-naphthyridine-2,7-diamines and related 2-ureas are inhibitors of fibroblast growth factor receptor-1 (FGFR-1) and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR-2). 3-(3,5-Dimethoxyphenyl) and 3-phenyl analogues were prepared from 7-acetamido-2-tert-butylureas by alkylation with benzyl omega-iodoalkyl ethers, debenzylation, and amination, followed by selective cleavage of the 7-N-acetamide. 3-(2,6-Dichlorophenyl) analogues were prepared from the 7-fluoro-2-amine by displacement with substituted alkylamines, followed by selective acylation of the resulting substituted naphthyridine-2,7-diamines with alkyl isocyanates. The 3-(3,5-dimethoxyphenyl) derivatives were low nanomolar inhibitors of both FGFR and VEGFR and were highly selective (>100-fold) over PDGFR and c-Src. Variations in the base strength or spatial position of the 7-side chain base had only small effects on the potency (<5-fold) or selectivity (<20-fold). The 3-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)-2-urea derivatives were slightly less active against VEGFR and less selective, being more effective against PDGFR (ca. 10-fold) and c-Src (ca. 500-fold). The 3-(3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-1,6-naphthyridines were generally more potent than the corresponding pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidines against both VEGFR and FGFR (2- to 20-fold), with only slightly increased PDGFR and c-Src activity. The 3-(3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-1,6-naphthyridine 2-ureas were also low nanomolar inhibitors of the growth of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) stimulated by serum, FGF, or VEGF, at concentrations that did not affect the growth of representative tumor cell lines, and were more (3- to 65-fold) potent than the corresponding pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M Thompson
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Auckland, New Zealand.
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Losso JN, Bawadi HA. Hypoxia inducible factor pathways as targets for functional foods. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2005; 53:3751-68. [PMID: 15884793 DOI: 10.1021/jf0479719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The etiology of most chronic angiogenic diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, atherosclerosis, diabetes complications, and cancer includes the presence of pockets of hypoxic cells growing behind aerobic cells and away from blood vessels. Hypoxic cells are the result of uncontrolled growth and insufficient vascularization and have undergone a shift from aerobic to anaerobic metabolism. Cells respond to hypoxia by stimulating the expression of hypoxia inducible factor (HIF), which is critical for survival under hypoxic conditions and in embryogenesis. HIF is a heterodimer consisting of the O2-regulated subunit, HIF-1alpha, and the constitutively expressed aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator, HIF-1beta. Under hypoxic conditions, HIF-1alpha is stable, accumulates, and migrates to the nucleus where it binds to HIF-1beta to form the complex (HIF-1alpha + HIF-1beta). Transcription is initiated by the binding of the complex (HIF-1alpha + HIF-1beta) to hypoxia responsive elements (HREs). The complex [(HIF-1alpha + HIF-1beta) + HREs] stimulates the expression of genes involved in angiogenesis, anaerobic metabolism, vascular permeability, and inflammation. Experimental and clinical evidence show that these hypoxic cells are the most aggressive and difficult angiogenic disease cells to treat and are a major reason for antiangiogenic and conventional treatment failure. Hypoxia occurs in early stages of disease development (before metastasis), activates angiogenesis, and stimulates vascular remodeling. HIF-1alpha has also been identified under aerobic conditions in certain types of cancer. This review summarizes the role of hypoxia in some chronic degenerative angiogenic diseases and discusses potential functional foods to target the HIF-1alpha pathways under hypoxic and normoxic conditions. It is reported that dietary quinones, semiquinones, phenolics, vitamins, amino acids, isoprenoids, and vasoactive compounds can down-regulate the HIF-1 pathways and therefore the expression of several proangiogenic factors. Considering the lack of efficiency or the side effects of synthetic antiangiogenic drugs at clinical trials, down-regulation of hypoxia-induced angiogenesis by use of naturally occurring functional foods may provide an effective means of prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack N Losso
- Food Protein Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Food Science, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, 111 Food Science Building, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA.
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Kakeya H, Onose R, Koshino H, Osada H. Epoxytwinol A, a novel unique angiogenesis inhibitor with C2 symmetry, produced by a fungus. Chem Commun (Camb) 2005:2575-7. [PMID: 15900331 DOI: 10.1039/b501392e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We isolated a novel unique pentaketide dimer designated as epoxytwinol A from the fermentation broth of a fungus. The structure of epoxytwinol A was determined to have a new carbon skeleton with C(2) symmetry by elucidation of spectroscopic evidence. Epoxytwinol A inhibited endothelial cell migration stimulated by vascular endothelial growth factor (ED(100)= 2.6 microM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideaki Kakeya
- Antibiotics Laboratory, Discovery Research Institute, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.
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Gasparini G, Longo R, Fanelli M, Teicher BA. Combination of antiangiogenic therapy with other anticancer therapies: results, challenges, and open questions. J Clin Oncol 2005; 23:1295-311. [PMID: 15718328 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2005.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis is necessary for tumor growth. Drug discovery efforts have identified several potential therapeutic targets on endothelial cells and selective inhibitors capable of slowing tumor growth or producing tumor regression by blocking angiogenesis in in vivo tumor models. Certain antiangiogenic therapeutics increase the activity of cytotoxic anticancer treatments in preclinical models. More than 75 antiangiogenic compounds have entered clinical trials. Most of the early clinical testing was conducted in patients with advanced disease resistant to standard therapies. Several phase III trials have been undertaken to compare the efficacy of standard chemotherapy versus the same in combination with an experimental angiogenesis inhibitor. Preliminary results of the clinical studies suggest that single-agent antiangiogenic therapy is poorly active in advanced tumors. Although some of the results of combination trials are controversial, recent positive outcomes with an antivascular endothelial growth factor antibody combined with chemotherapy as front-line therapy of metastatic colorectal cancer have renewed enthusiasm for this therapeutic strategy. This article presents an overview of experimental and clinical studies of combined therapy with antiangiogenic agents and highlights the challenges related to the appropriate strategies for selection of the patients, study design, and choice of proper end points for preclinical and clinical studies using these agents.
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Shoji M, Imai H, Mukaida M, Sakai K, Kakeya H, Osada H, Hayashi Y. Total Synthesis of Epoxyquinols A, B, and C and Epoxytwinol A and the Reactivity of a 2H-Pyran Derivative as the Diene Component in the Diels−Alder Reaction. J Org Chem 2004; 70:79-91. [PMID: 15624908 DOI: 10.1021/jo048425h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Full details of two versions of the total synthesis of epoxyquinols A, B, and C and epoxytwinol A (RKB-3564D) are described. In the first-generation synthesis, the HfCl(4)-mediated diastereoselective Diels-Alder reaction of furan with Corey's chiral auxiliary has been developed. In the second-generation synthesis, a chromatography-free preparation of an iodolactone, by using acryloyl chloride as the dienophile in the Diels-Alder reaction of furan, and the lipase-mediated kinetic resolution of a cyclohexenol derivative have been developed. This second-generation synthesis is suitable for large-scale preparation. A biomimetic cascade reaction involving oxidation, 6pi-electrocyclization, and then Diels-Alder dimerization is the key reaction in the formation of the complex heptacyclic structure of epoxyquinols A, B, and C. Epoxytwinol A is synthesized by the cascade reaction composed of oxidation, 6pi-electrocyclization, and formal [4 + 4] cycloaddition reactions. A 2H-pyran, generated by oxidation/6pi-electrocyclization, acts as a good diene, reacting with several dienophiles to afford polycyclic compounds in one step. An azapentacyclic compound is synthesized by a similar cascade reaction composed of the four successive steps: oxidation, imine formation, 6pi-azaelectrocyclization, and Diels-Alder dimerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuru Shoji
- Department of Industrial Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
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Kamiyama H, Takano S, Tsuboi K, Matsumura A. Anti-angiogenic effects of SN38 (active metabolite of irinotecan): inhibition of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1?)/vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression of glioma and growth of endothelial cells. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2004; 131:205-13. [PMID: 15583935 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-004-0642-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2004] [Accepted: 10/18/2004] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Inhibition of angiogenesis is an important new treatment modality for malignancies, including gliomas. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and hypoxia inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1alpha) have been investigated as potent mediators of tumor angiogenesis. We investigated whether four major chemotherapeutic agents (ACNU, cisplatin, etoposide, and SN38) showed an angiosuppressive effect in vitro. METHOD The effects of ACNU, cisplatin, etoposide, and SN38 for endothelial cells were assessed by cell growth inhibition assay (WST-8 assay) and vessel formation assay (angiogenesis kit). The inhibitory effects of the HIF-1alpha and VEGF expression of glioma cells after SN38 treatment were assessed by real-time RT-PCR, Western blot, and ELISA. RESULTS SN38, but not other chemotherapeutic agents, selectively inhibited endothelial cell proliferation and three-dimensional tube formations at the 0.01 microM. Furthermore, SN38 significantly decreased the HIF-1alpha and VEGF expression of glioma cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner under normoxic and hypoxic conditions. SN38 has dual angiosuppressive actions, including both the inhibition of endothelial proliferation and tube formation, and the inhibition of the angiogenic cascade in glioma cells. CONCLUSION SN38 is an attractive agent as both a direct and indirect angiogenesis inhibitor and provides the anti-glioma agents with an angiosuppressive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Kamiyama
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba City, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
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Morabito A, Sarmiento R, Bonginelli P, Gasparini G. Antiangiogenic strategies, compounds, and early clinical results in breast cancer. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2004; 49:91-107. [PMID: 15012971 DOI: 10.1016/s1040-8428(03)00168-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/01/2003] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis is a multi-step process leading to the formation of new blood vessels from pre-existing vasculature and it is necessary for primary tumor growth, invasiveness and development of metastasis. Experimental and clinical data demonstrated that breast cancer is an angiogenesis-dependent disease and that the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) family plays a key role it being a highly expressed and selective endothelial cell growth factor. Preclinical studies have shown that the angiogenic switch occurs early in the multistage process of breast cancer development. Targeting the molecular pathways involved in tumor progression by biologically-designed treatments is a new therapeutic paradigm aimed to reach cancer growth control. A number of possible therapeutic targets for antiangiogenic agents have been identified. Here we discuss the therapeutic approach based on inhibition of angiogenesis in the context of breast cancer with a focus on the early clinical studies on antiangiogenic agents in advanced disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Morabito
- Division of Medical Oncology, Azienda Complesso Ospedaliero San Filippo Neri, Via Martinotti 20, Rome 00135, Italy
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