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Xu J, Li R, Ma Y, Zhu J, Shen C, Jiang H. Site-selective α-C(sp 3)-H arylation of dialkylamines via hydrogen atom transfer catalysis-enabled radical aryl migration. Nat Commun 2024; 15:6791. [PMID: 39117735 PMCID: PMC11310330 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-51239-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Site-selective C(sp3)-H arylation is an appealing strategy to synthesize complex arene structures but remains a challenge facing synthetic chemists. Here we report the use of photoredox-mediated hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) catalysis to accomplish the site-selective α-C(sp3)-H arylation of dialkylamine-derived ureas through 1,4-radical aryl migration, by which a wide array of benzylamine motifs can be incorporated to the medicinally relevant systems in the late-stage installation steps. In contrast to previous efforts, this C-H arylation protocol exhibits specific site-selectivity, proforming predominantly on sterically more-hindered secondary and tertiary α-amino carbon centers, while the C-H functionalization of sterically less-hindered N-methyl group can be effectively circumvented in most cases. Moreover, a diverse range of multi-substituted piperidine derivatives can be obtained with excellent diastereoselectivity. Mechanistic and computational studies demonstrate that the rate-determining step for methylene C-H arylation is the initial H atom abstraction, whereas the radical ipso cyclization step bears the highest energy barrier for N-methyl functionalization. The relatively lower activation free energies for secondary and tertiary α-amino C-H arylation compared with the functionalization of methylic C-H bond lead to the exceptional site-selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Xu
- Shanghai key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Drug Target Identification and Delivery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruihan Li
- Shanghai key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Drug Target Identification and Delivery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yijian Ma
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jie Zhu
- Shanghai key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Drug Target Identification and Delivery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chengshuo Shen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Heng Jiang
- Shanghai key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Drug Target Identification and Delivery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
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Cho HJ, Kim YL, Kim JH. Rh(II)-Catalyzed C–N Bond Formation Using Enynones and N–H Imines: An Approach to Diarylmethylamines. J Org Chem 2022; 87:16424-16435. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ho-Jun Cho
- Department of Chemistry (BK21 Four), Research Institute of Natural Science, Gyeongsang National University, 52828, Jinju, Korea
| | - Ye Lim Kim
- Department of Chemistry (BK21 Four), Research Institute of Natural Science, Gyeongsang National University, 52828, Jinju, Korea
| | - Ju Hyun Kim
- Department of Chemistry (BK21 Four), Research Institute of Natural Science, Gyeongsang National University, 52828, Jinju, Korea
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Zhou P, Jia Q, Wang Z, Zhao R, Zhou W. Cetirizine for the treatment of allergic diseases in children: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:940213. [PMID: 36090559 PMCID: PMC9452751 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.940213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The global prevalence of allergic diseases has led to a negative and extensive impact on the health and lives of a large population of children. This study investigates the efficacy, acceptability, and safety of cetirizine (CTZ) for treating allergic diseases in children and provides evidence-based assertions for decision-making. METHODS PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registry Platform, ClinicalTrials.gov, and the European Union Clinical Trials Register were systematically searched from inception to April 21, 2022. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) or quasi-RCTs of children with allergic diseases receiving CTZ compared with those receiving placebo or other drugs were included without language limitations. Two investigators independently identified articles, extracted data, conducted meta-analyses, assessed the Cochrane risk of bias of individual studies, and evaluated the evidence certainty using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation approach; any discrepancies were resolved by consulting with a third investigator. Primary outcomes included scales that evaluated the recovery of allergic conditions in AR, such as the total symptom score (TSS). Secondary outcomes included laboratory test changes, safety (adverse events, AEs), and quality of life (QOL). Data were pooled using the Cochrane Review Manager 5.4, and a fixed-effects model was used if heterogeneity was evaluated as low (I 2 < 50%); otherwise, a random-effects model was adopted. RESULTS A total of 22 studies (5,867 patients) were ultimately included [eight with perennial AR, six with seasonal AR, four with atopic dermatitis (AD), and four with other allergic diseases], most of which had a low or unclear risk of bias. Moderate certainty evidence showed that CTZ was found to benefit allergic symptom control [mean difference (MD) of TSS at 1 week: MD, -0.32 (-0.52, -0.12); at 2 weeks: MD, -0.25 (-0.35, -0.14); at 4 weeks: MD, -4.07 (-4.71, -3.43); at 8 weeks: MD, -4.22 (-4.73, -3.72); at 12 weeks: MD, -5.63 (-6.14, -5.13); all P-values were less than 0.05] and QOL [at 12 weeks: MD, -23.16 (-26.92, -19.39); P < 0.00001] in children with AR. It had similar efficacy compared with other antihistamines (AHs) or montelukast, without showing better control of AD severity in children. Moderate-to-low certainty evidence demonstrated that CTZ was well tolerated and did not increase the risk of severe and overall AEs, cardiotoxicity, damage to the central nervous and digestive systems, or other systems in children, except for the risk of somnolence [risk ratio, 1.62 (1.02, 2.57); P = 0.04, compared with placebo]. CONCLUSION Moderate-to-low certainty evidence revealed that CTZ could improve clinical improvement and QOL in children with AR and have comparable efficacy with other AHs. CTZ is well tolerated in the pediatric population, except for an increased risk of somnolence. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION [https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/], identifier [CRD42021262767].
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengxiang Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,Institute for Drug Evaluation, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Qiong Jia
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenhuan Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, First Hospital of Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Rongsheng Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,Institute for Drug Evaluation, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
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Liu L, Koushki E, Tayebee R. Surface modification of gold nanoparticles by cetirizine through surface plasmon resonance and preliminary study of the in vitro cellular cytotoxicity. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.115542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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5
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Presence and Reduction of Anthropogenic Substances with UV Light and Oxidizing Disinfectants in Wastewater—A Case Study at Kuopio, Finland. WATER 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/w13030360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Anthropogenic substances are a major concern due to their potential harmful effects towards aquatic ecosystems. Because wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are not designed to remove these substances from wastewater, a part of the anthropogenic substances enter nature via WWTP discharges. During the spring 2019, the occurrence of anthropogenic substances in the municipal wastewater effluent in Kuopio, Finland, was analysed. Furthermore, the capacity of selected disinfection methods to reduce these substances from wastewater was tested. The disinfection methods were ozonation (760 mL min−1) with an OxTube hermetic dissolution method (1), the combined usage of peracetic acid (PAA) (<5 mg L−1) and ultraviolet (UV) disinfection (12 mJ/cm2) (2), and the combined usage of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) (<10 mg L−1) and UV disinfection (12 mJ/cm2) (3). The substances found at the concentrations over 1 µg L−1 in effluent (N = 3) were cetirizine (5.2 ± 1.3 µg L−1), benzotriazole (BZT) (2.1 ± 0.98 µg L−1), hydrochlorothiazide (1.7 ± 0.2 µg L−1), furosemide (1.6 ± 0.2 µg L−1), lamotrigine (1.5 ± 0.06 µg L−1), diclofenac (DCF) (1.4 ± 0.2 µg L−1), venlafaxine (1.0 ± 0.13 µg L−1) and losartan (0.9 ± 0.2 µg L−1). The reduction (%) with different methods (1, 2, 3) were: cetirizine (99.9, 5.0, NR = no removal), benzotriazole (67.9, NR, NR), hydrochlorothiazide (91.1, 5.9, NR), furosemide (99.7, 5.9, NR), lamotrigine (46.4, NR, 6.7), diclofenac (99.7, 7.1, 16.7), venlafaxine (91.3, NR, 1.1), losartan (99.6, 13.8, NR). Further research concerning the tested disinfection methods is needed in order to fully elucidate their potential for removing anthropogenic substances from purified wastewater.
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Heravi MM, Zadsirjan V. Prescribed drugs containing nitrogen heterocycles: an overview. RSC Adv 2020; 10:44247-44311. [PMID: 35557843 PMCID: PMC9092475 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra09198g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 343] [Impact Index Per Article: 85.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Heteroatoms as well as heterocyclic scaffolds are frequently present as the common cores in a plethora of active pharmaceuticals natural products. Statistically, more than 85% of all biologically active compounds are heterocycles or comprise a heterocycle and most frequently, nitrogen heterocycles as a backbone in their complex structures. These facts disclose and emphasize the vital role of heterocycles in modern drug design and drug discovery. In this review, we try to present a comprehensive overview of top prescribed drugs containing nitrogen heterocycles, describing their pharmacological properties, medical applications and their selected synthetic pathways. It is worth mentioning that the reported examples are actually limited to current top selling drugs, being or containing N-heterocycles and their synthetic information has been extracted from both scientific journals and the wider patent literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid M Heravi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Alzahra University PO Box 1993891176, Vanak Tehran Iran +98 21 88041344 +98 21 88044051
| | - Vahideh Zadsirjan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Alzahra University PO Box 1993891176, Vanak Tehran Iran +98 21 88041344 +98 21 88044051
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Manti S, Tosca MA, Licari A, Brambilla I, Foiadelli T, Ciprandi G, Marseglia GL. Cough Remedies for Children and Adolescents: Current and Future Perspectives. Paediatr Drugs 2020; 22:617-634. [PMID: 32929686 DOI: 10.1007/s40272-020-00420-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Cough is a widespread symptom in children and adolescents. Despite advances in scientific knowledge about the neurophysiological mechanisms underlying the cough reflex, the best therapeutic approaches for children and adolescents who cough remain unclear, and many needs are still unmet. Many remedies for cough are self-prescribed, reflecting strong demand, but significant evidence of their efficacy and safety is missing in pediatric populations. Moreover, as most coughs are part of self-limited illnesses, treatment could be considered unnecessary in some patients. Drug therapy to relieve cough and other symptoms is an essential part of treating a child with cough. However, unfortunately, the number of studies in each category of cough medications is minimal, and dosing and treatment duration varies significantly among studies. Some treatments have been shown to be no more effective than placebo. Lack of clear indications for dosing and treatment duration, the number of available drugs, the numerous active ingredients in products, and multiple caregivers administering medication to children have been considered contributors to an increased risk of inappropriate prescribing, accidental overdosing, and adverse events. This review presents the most recent evidence on the safety and efficacy of available cough remedies, focusing on the pediatric age group, and includes H1 receptor antagonists, mucolytics and expectorants, drugs acting peripherally on the cough reflex, drugs acting centrally on the cough reflex, drugs acting both peripherally and centrally on the cough reflex, and other compounds, including menthol, glycerol, honey, and medical devices composed of complex natural substances. Future perspectives on new therapeutic targets are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Manti
- Pediatric Respiratory Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | | | - Amelia Licari
- Pediatric Clinic, Pediatrics Department, Policlinico San Matteo, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Ilaria Brambilla
- Pediatric Clinic, Pediatrics Department, Policlinico San Matteo, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Thomas Foiadelli
- Pediatric Clinic, Pediatrics Department, Policlinico San Matteo, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Giorgio Ciprandi
- Allergy Clinic, Casa di Cura Villa Montallegro, Via P. Boselli 5, 16146, Genoa, Italy.
| | - Gian Luigi Marseglia
- Pediatric Clinic, Pediatrics Department, Policlinico San Matteo, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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Parisi G, Leonardi S, Ciprandi G, Corsico A, Licari A, Miraglia del Giudice M, Peroni D, Salpietro C, Marseglia G. Antihistamines in children and adolescents: A practical update. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr) 2020; 48:753-762. [PMID: 32448753 DOI: 10.1016/j.aller.2020.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Histamine is a chemical mediator, released predominantly by tissue mast cells, circulating basophils, and neurons, which are activated in response to various immunological and non-immunological stimuli. Histamine has to bind to specific receptors to exert its physiological and pathophysiological functions. Endogenous histamine is the main mediator of the immediate allergic response, which moreover, performs other multiple functions, including regulation of gastric secretion, neurotransmission in the central nervous system, and immunomodulatory activity. The involvement of histamine in various disorders and the importance of receptors in the clinical features have relevant implications in clinical practice. Anti-H1 antihistamines contrast the histamine-dependent effects, mainly concerning nasal symptoms and cutaneous itching and wheal. Antihistamines are among the most prescribed drugs in pediatric care. This review updates the practical use of antihistamines in children and adolescents.
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Robles‐Tenorio A, Tarango‐Martinez VM, Sierra‐Silva G. Aquagenic urticaria: Water, friend, or foe? Clin Case Rep 2020; 8:2121-2124. [PMID: 33235740 PMCID: PMC7669369 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.2880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
There are <100 reported cases of aquagenic urticaria. Although most are sporadic, several diseases have been associated. Diagnosis is based on provocation tests. Second-generation antihistamines are the first-line treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arturo Robles‐Tenorio
- CUCS Universidad de GuadalajaraGuadalajaraMéxico
- Instituto Dermatologico de Jalisco “Dr. José Barba Rubio” (IDJ)ZapopanMéxico
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Intravenous Cetirizine Versus Intravenous Diphenhydramine for the Treatment of Acute Urticaria: A Phase III Randomized Controlled Noninferiority Trial. Ann Emerg Med 2020; 76:489-500. [PMID: 32653333 DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2020.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVE Acute urticaria is a frequent presentation in emergency departments (EDs), urgent care centers, and other clinical arenas. Treatment options are limited if diphenhydramine is the only intravenous antihistamine offered because of its short duration of action and well-known adverse effects. We evaluate cetirizine injection, the first second-generation injectable antihistamine, for acute urticaria in this multicenter, randomized, noninferiority, phase 3 clinical trial. METHODS Adult patients presenting to EDs and urgent care centers with acute urticaria requiring an intravenous antihistamine were randomized to either intravenous cetirizine 10 mg or intravenous diphenhydramine 50 mg. The primary endpoint was the 2-hour pruritus score change from baseline, with time spent in treatment center and rate of return to treatment centers as key secondary endpoints. Frequency of sedation and anticholinergic adverse effects were also recorded. RESULTS Among 262 enrolled patients, the 2-hour pruritus score change from baseline for intravenous cetirizine was statistically noninferior to that for intravenous diphenhydramine (-1.6 versus -1.5; 95% confidence interval -0.1 to 0.3), and in favor of cetirizine. Treatment differences also favored cetirizine for mean time spent in treatment center (1.7 versus 2.1 hours; P=.005), return to treatment center (5.5% versus 14.1%; P=.02), lower change from baseline sedation score at 2 hours (0.1 versus 0.5; P=.03), and adverse event rate (3.9% versus 13.3%). CONCLUSION Intravenous cetirizine is an effective alternative to intravenous diphenhydramine for treating acute urticaria, with benefits of less sedation, fewer adverse events, shorter time spent in treatment center, and lower rates of revisit to treatment center.
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Distinct binding of cetirizine enantiomers to human serum albumin and the human histamine receptor H 1. J Comput Aided Mol Des 2020; 34:1045-1062. [PMID: 32572668 DOI: 10.1007/s10822-020-00328-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Cetirizine, a major metabolite of hydroxyzine, became a marketed second-generation H1 antihistamine that is orally active and has a rapid onset of action, long duration of effects and a very good safety record at recommended doses. The approved drug is a racemic mixture of (S)-cetirizine and (R)-cetirizine, the latter being the levorotary enantiomer that also exists in the market as a third-generation, non-sedating and highly selective antihistamine. Both enantiomers bind tightly to the human histamine H1 receptor (hH1R) and behave as inverse agonists but the affinity and residence time of (R)-cetirizine are greater than those of (S)-cetirizine. In blood plasma, cetirizine exists in the zwitterionic form and more than 90% of the circulating drug is bound to human serum albumin (HSA), which acts as an inactive reservoir. Independent X-ray crystallographic work has solved the structure of the hH1R:doxepin complex and has identified two drug-binding sites for cetirizine on equine serum albumin (ESA). Given this background, we decided to model a membrane-embedded hH1R in complex with either (R)- or (S)-cetirizine and also the complexes of both ESA and HSA with these two enantiomeric drugs to analyze possible differences in binding modes between enantiomers and also among targets. The ensuing molecular dynamics simulations in explicit solvent and additional computational chemistry calculations provided structural and energetic information about all of these complexes that is normally beyond current experimental possibilities. Overall, we found very good agreement between our binding energy estimates and extant biochemical and pharmacological evidence. A much higher degree of solvent exposure in the cetirizine-binding site(s) of HSA and ESA relative to the more occluded orthosteric binding site in hH1R is translated into larger positional fluctuations and considerably lower affinities for these two nonspecific targets. Whereas it is demonstrated that the two known pockets in ESA provide enough stability for cetirizine binding, only one such site does so in HSA due to a number of amino acid replacements. At the histamine-binding site in hH1R, the distinct interactions established between the phenyl and chlorophenyl moieties of the two enantiomers with the amino acids lining up the pocket and between their free carboxylates and Lys179 in the second extracellular loop account for the improved pharmacological profile of (R)-cetirizine.
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12
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Physicochemical Properties of Zwitterionic Drugs in Therapy. ChemMedChem 2020; 15:1102-1110. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202000164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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El-Haj BM, Ahmed SB. Metabolic-Hydroxy and Carboxy Functionalization of Alkyl Moieties in Drug Molecules: Prediction of Structure Influence and Pharmacologic Activity. Molecules 2020; 25:E1937. [PMID: 32331223 PMCID: PMC7222001 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25081937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Alkyl moieties-open chain or cyclic, linear, or branched-are common in drug molecules. The hydrophobicity of alkyl moieties in drug molecules is modified by metabolic hydroxy functionalization via free-radical intermediates to give primary, secondary, or tertiary alcohols depending on the class of the substrate carbon. The hydroxymethyl groups resulting from the functionalization of methyl groups are mostly oxidized further to carboxyl groups to give carboxy metabolites. As observed from the surveyed cases in this review, hydroxy functionalization leads to loss, attenuation, or retention of pharmacologic activity with respect to the parent drug. On the other hand, carboxy functionalization leads to a loss of activity with the exception of only a few cases in which activity is retained. The exceptions are those groups in which the carboxy functionalization occurs at a position distant from a well-defined primary pharmacophore. Some hydroxy metabolites, which are equiactive with their parent drugs, have been developed into ester prodrugs while carboxy metabolites, which are equiactive to their parent drugs, have been developed into drugs as per se. In this review, we present and discuss the above state of affairs for a variety of drug classes, using selected drug members to show the effect on pharmacologic activity as well as dependence of the metabolic change on drug molecular structure. The review provides a basis for informed predictions of (i) structural features required for metabolic hydroxy and carboxy functionalization of alkyl moieties in existing or planned small drug molecules, and (ii) pharmacologic activity of the metabolites resulting from hydroxy and/or carboxy functionalization of alkyl moieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babiker M. El-Haj
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, University of Science and Technology of Fujairah, Fufairah 00971, UAE
| | - Samrein B.M. Ahmed
- College of Medicine, Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 00971, UAE;
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Parisi GF, Leonardi S, Ciprandi G, Corsico A, Licari A, Miraglia Del Giudice M, Peroni D, Salpietro C, Marseglia GL. Cetirizine use in childhood: an update of a friendly 30-year drug. Clin Mol Allergy 2020; 18:2. [PMID: 32127782 PMCID: PMC7043022 DOI: 10.1186/s12948-020-00118-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cetirizine is a second-generation antihistamine, derived from the metabolism of hydroxyzine, highly specific for the H1 receptors, and with marked antiallergic properties. Although its history began more than 30 years ago, it remains one of the most used drugs in children with a leading role in the medical care of children with allergic diseases. Cetirizine use is licensed for paediatric patients for the treatment of allergic rhinitis, and chronic spontaneous urticaria, in Europe in children older than 2 years old and in the USA in children older than 6 months old. This review provides a practical update on the use of cetirizine in children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Fabio Parisi
- 1Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia, 78, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Salvatore Leonardi
- 1Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia, 78, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | | | - Angelo Corsico
- 3Pulmonology Clinic, Foundation IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Amelia Licari
- 4Department of Pediatrics, Foundation IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Michele Miraglia Del Giudice
- 5Department of Woman, Child and of General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Diego Peroni
- 6U.O. Pediatria, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Scuola di Specializzazione in Pediatria, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Carmelo Salpietro
- 7Unit of Pediatric Genetics and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Gian Luigi Marseglia
- 4Department of Pediatrics, Foundation IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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Karpishchenko SA, Ushakova SE, Fridman IL, Grinyov IA, Pisarev VV, Merkulov ME. [Results of an open, randomized, actively controlled study of the efficacy and safety of the new drug Freinozole nasal spray (Phenylephrine + Cetyrizine) in patients with acute respiratory infection]. Vestn Otorinolaringol 2020; 84:61-67. [PMID: 31793529 DOI: 10.17116/otorino20198405161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was proof of efficacy and safety of the drug Frinozol nasal spray in patients with acute respiratory infection (acute rhinitis). PATIENTS AND METHODS: A randomized open-label study with active control included 134 ambulatory patients: men and women aged 18 to 65 years with acute upper respiratory tract infection (acute rhinitis) lasting no more than 48 hours before inclusion into the study. Patients were randomized in two groups: group 1 took Frinozol nasal spray 2 sprays per each nostril three times a day for 7 days, subjects randomized to the group 2 took Vibrocil at the same dose and treatment regimen. The primary efficacy endpoint in the study was assessment of the dynamics of symptoms such as nasal congestion, rhinorrhea, itching in the nose and hyposmia using 10 cm VAS in 1 day after the start of treatment compared to the baseline. Secondary endpoints included assessment of the dynamics of nasal symptoms after 7 days of treatment, changes in the values of the Congestion Quantifier 5, CQ-5 questionnaire and evaluation of the effectiveness by the investigator. Safety analysis was carried out throughout the study and included the assessment of adverse events, laboratory data, vital signs, ECG assessment. RESULTS: According to the results of the study and comparative analysis of the primary (assessment of the dynamics of nasal symptoms on a 10 cm visual analogue scale 1 day after the start of treatment) and secondary efficacy endpoints as well as a comprehensive safety analysis, it can be concluded that the study drug is not inferior to the reference drug. Thus, the new combination Frinozol nasal spray is an effective and safe treatment for patients with acute respiratory infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Karpishchenko
- FSBI 'St. Petersburg Research Institute of Ear, Throat, Nose and Speech' Russian Federation Ministry of Healthcare, St. Petersburg, Russia, 190013
| | - S E Ushakova
- Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education Ivanovo State Medical Academy, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Ivanovo, Russia, 153012
| | - I L Fridman
- State budgetary institution of health care of the Samara region 'Samara city hospital #4', Samara, Russia, 443056
| | | | - V V Pisarev
- Medical center Probiotech LLC, Moscow, Russia, 111024
| | - M E Merkulov
- Medical center Probiotech LLC, Moscow, Russia, 111024
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Corsico AG, Leonardi S, Licari A, Marseglia G, Miraglia Del Giudice M, Peroni DG, Salpietro C, Ciprandi G. Focus on the cetirizine use in clinical practice: a reappraisal 30 years later. Multidiscip Respir Med 2019; 14:40. [PMID: 31827796 PMCID: PMC6898951 DOI: 10.1186/s40248-019-0203-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Antihistamines are currently one of the most commonly administered categories of drugs. They are used to treat symptoms that are secondary to histamine release, which is typical of certain allergic conditions, including rhinitis, conjunctivitis, asthma, urticaria, and anaphylaxis. Cetirizine belongs to the second-generation family, so, it is very selective for peripheral H1 receptors, is potent and quickly relieves symptoms, exerts additional anti-allergic/anti-inflammatory effects, and is usually well-tolerated. It has been marketed 30 years ago. In these years, a remarkable body of evidence has been built. The current review provides a practical update on the use of cetirizine in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelo G Corsico
- 1Division of Respiratory Diseases, Foundation IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Salvatore Leonardi
- 2Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Amelia Licari
- 3Department of Pediatrics, Foundation IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Gianluigi Marseglia
- 3Department of Pediatrics, Foundation IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Michele Miraglia Del Giudice
- 4Department of Woman, Child and of General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Diego G Peroni
- 5U.O. Pediatria, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Scuola di Specializzazione in Pediatria, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Carmelo Salpietro
- 6Department of Pediatrics, Unit of Pediatric Genetics and Immunology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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17
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Cataldi M, Maurer M, Taglialatela M, Church MK. Cardiac safety of second‐generation H
1
‐antihistamines when updosed in chronic spontaneous urticaria. Clin Exp Allergy 2019; 49:1615-1623. [DOI: 10.1111/cea.13500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Cataldi
- Section of Pharmacology Department of Neuroscience School of Medicine University of Naples Federico II Naples Italy
| | - Marcus Maurer
- Dermatological Allergology Allergie‐Centrum‐Charité Department of Dermatology and Allergy Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin Berlin Germany
| | - Maurizio Taglialatela
- Section of Pharmacology Department of Neuroscience School of Medicine University of Naples Federico II Naples Italy
| | - Martin K. Church
- Dermatological Allergology Allergie‐Centrum‐Charité Department of Dermatology and Allergy Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin Berlin Germany
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18
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Abstract
Common cold is an acute illness affecting pediatric population in particular. The use of antihistamines is a common practice, with cetirizine being a frequently used drug with a good safety profile. However, adverse events due to the use of antihistamines have been rarely reported, such as drug-induced dystonia with the use of cetirizine. In our present case, dystonia due to the intake of cetirizine was observed, which the patient responded well to the use of benzodiazapines, namely, clonazepam. We report this case to highlight the occurrence of this adverse event with the use of cetirizine.
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20
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Kwon Y, Chinn AJ, Kim B, Miller SJ. Divergent Control of Point and Axial Stereogenicity: Catalytic Enantioselective C-N Bond-Forming Cross-Coupling and Catalyst-Controlled Atroposelective Cyclodehydration. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:6251-6255. [PMID: 29637680 PMCID: PMC5964046 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201802963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Catalyst control over reactions that produce multiple stereoisomers is a challenge in synthesis. Control over reactions that involve stereogenic elements remote from one another is particularly uncommon. Additionally, catalytic reactions that address both stereogenic carbon centers and an element of axial chirality are also rare. Reported herein is a catalytic approach to each stereoisomer of a scaffold containing a stereogenic center remote from an axis of chirality. Newly developed peptidyl copper complexes catalyze an unprecedented remote desymmetrization involving enantioselective C-N bond-forming cross-coupling. Then, chiral phosphoric acid catalysts set an axis of chirality through an unprecedented atroposelective cyclodehydration to form a heterocycle with high diastereoselectivity. The application of chiral copper complexes and phosphoric acids provides access to each stereoisomer of a framework with two different elements of stereogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongseok Kwon
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, CT 06520-8107, USA
| | - Alex J Chinn
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, CT 06520-8107, USA
| | - Byoungmoo Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, CT 06520-8107, USA
| | - Scott J Miller
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, CT 06520-8107, USA
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21
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Kwon Y, Chinn AJ, Kim B, Miller SJ. Divergent Control of Point and Axial Stereogenicity: Catalytic Enantioselective C−N Bond‐Forming Cross‐Coupling and Catalyst‐Controlled Atroposelective Cyclodehydration. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201802963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yongseok Kwon
- Department of Chemistry Yale University 225 Prospect Street New Haven CT 06520-8107 USA
| | - Alex J. Chinn
- Department of Chemistry Yale University 225 Prospect Street New Haven CT 06520-8107 USA
| | - Byoungmoo Kim
- Department of Chemistry Yale University 225 Prospect Street New Haven CT 06520-8107 USA
| | - Scott J. Miller
- Department of Chemistry Yale University 225 Prospect Street New Haven CT 06520-8107 USA
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22
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Ma D, Chen L, Liu R. Removal of novel antiandrogens identified in biological effluents of domestic wastewater by activated carbon. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 595:702-710. [PMID: 28407587 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.03.272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Revised: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Environmental antiandrogenic (AA) contaminants in effluents from wastewater treatment plants have the potential for negative impacts on wildlife and human health. The aim of our study was to identify chemical contaminants with likely AA activity in the biological effluents and evaluate the removal of these antiandrogens (AAs) during advanced treatment comprising adsorption onto granular activated carbon (GAC). In this study, profiling of AA contaminants in biological effluents and tertiary effluents was conducted using effect-directed analysis (EDA) including high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) fractionation, a recombinant yeast screen containing androgen receptor (YAS), in combination with mass spectrometry analyses. Analysis of a wastewater secondary effluent from a membrane bioreactor revealed complex profiles of AA activity comprising 14 HPLC fractions and simpler profiles of GAC effluents with only 2 to 4 moderately polar HPLC fractions depending on GAC treatment conditions. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-nanospray mass spectrometry analyses of AA fractions in the secondary effluent resulted in detection of over 10 chemical contaminants, which showed inhibition of YAS activity and were potential AAs. The putative AAs included biocides, food additives, flame retardants, pharmaceuticals and industrial contaminants. To our knowledge, it is the first time that the AA properties of N-ethyl-2-isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexanecarboxamide (WS3), cetirizine, and oxcarbazepine are reported. The EDA used in this study was proven to be a powerful tool to identify novel chemical structures with AA activity in the complex aquatic environment. The adsorption process to GAC of all the identified antiandrogens, except WS3 and triclosan, fit well with the pseudo-second order kinetics models. Adsorption to GAC could further remove most of the AAs identified in the biological effluents with high efficiencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dehua Ma
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Lujun Chen
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Science and Technology, Zhejiang, Jiaxing 314006, China.
| | - Rui Liu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Science and Technology, Zhejiang, Jiaxing 314006, China
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23
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Landi D, Albanese M, Buttari F, Monteleone F, Boffa L, Rossi S, Motta C, Puma E, Centonze D. Management of flu-like syndrome with cetirizine in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis during therapy with interferon beta: Results of a randomized, cross-over, placebo-controlled pilot study. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0165415. [PMID: 28686675 PMCID: PMC5501388 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0165415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Flu-like syndrome (FLS) is a common adverse event experienced by patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) treated with interferon beta (IFNβ). FLS can lead to poor treatment adherence and early IFNβ discontinuation. The involvement of interleukin-6 (IL-6) in the occurrence of FLS has been suggested. We hypothesized that cetirizine, a second-generation histamine H1 receptor antagonist able to reduce the levels of IL-6, might improve IFNβ-induced FLS. Methods We conducted a pilot, cross-over, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study to evaluate the efficacy of cetirizine 10 mg added after each IFNβ injection to the standard of care for FLS (acetaminophen or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) on FLS in patients with RRMS treated with IFNβ. Patients were randomized to two treatment sequences: 1) 4-week treatment with placebo added to the standard treatment for FLS, followed by 4-week treatment with cetirizine added to the standard of care, and 2) first addition of cetirizine, then of placebo. The primary efficacy endpoint was the mean change of FLS severity [11-point visual analog scale (VAS)] after 4 weeks of treatment within each sequence. Results Forty-five patients (71.1% female, mean age 39.1 years, mean time from RRMS diagnosis 5.8 years) were randomized to treatment sequences 1 and 2. The differences between cetirizine and placebo in the intensity of FLS were not statistically significant: total mean VAS scores at 4 hours from IFNβ injection were 3.57 and 3.42 for cetirizine and placebo, respectively (difference –0.15; 95% confidence interval: from –0.74 to 0.44; p = 0.6029). The two treatments were similar also with regard to other efficacy measures considered and to the safety/tolerability profile. Conclusions The addition of cetirizine to the standard of care for IFNβ-induced FLS in patients with RRMS does not seem to provide significant benefits compared with placebo. Further effort is required to understand the mechanisms underlying IFNβ-induced FLS. Trial registration EudraCT 2013-001055-12.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doriana Landi
- Multiple Sclerosis Clinical and Research Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy.,IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo (INM) Neuromed, Pozzilli (Is), Italy
| | - Maria Albanese
- Multiple Sclerosis Clinical and Research Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy.,IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo (INM) Neuromed, Pozzilli (Is), Italy
| | - Fabio Buttari
- Multiple Sclerosis Clinical and Research Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy.,IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo (INM) Neuromed, Pozzilli (Is), Italy
| | - Fabrizia Monteleone
- Multiple Sclerosis Clinical and Research Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Boffa
- Multiple Sclerosis Clinical and Research Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Rossi
- Neuroimmunology and Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, IRCCS Fondazione Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Caterina Motta
- Multiple Sclerosis Clinical and Research Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy
| | - Elisa Puma
- Biogen Italy, Medical Department, Milan, Italy
| | - Diego Centonze
- Multiple Sclerosis Clinical and Research Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy.,IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo (INM) Neuromed, Pozzilli (Is), Italy
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24
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Efficacy and safety of setipiprant in seasonal allergic rhinitis: results from Phase 2 and Phase 3 randomized, double-blind, placebo- and active-referenced studies. Allergy Asthma Clin Immunol 2017; 13:18. [PMID: 28392807 PMCID: PMC5379543 DOI: 10.1186/s13223-017-0183-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Antagonism of chemoattractant receptor-homologous molecule on T-helper type-2 cells (CRTH2), a G-protein coupled receptor for prostaglandin D2, could be beneficial for treating allergic disorders. We present findings on the efficacy and safety/tolerability of a CRTH2 antagonist (setipiprant) in participants with seasonal allergic rhinitis (AR) in a real-life setting over 2 weeks. Methods A Phase 2 trial and a Phase 3 trial were conducted at seven centers in Texas, USA during the Mountain Cedar pollen season. Both were prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo- and active-referenced (cetirizine) studies. The Phase 2 trial assessed setipiprant 100–1000 mg b.i.d. and 1000 mg o.d. versus placebo in adult and elderly participants. The Phase 3 trial assessed setipiprant 1000 mg b.i.d. in adolescent, adult, and elderly participants. Efficacy was assessed using daytime nasal symptom scores (DNSS), night-time nasal symptom scores (NNSS) and daytime eye symptom scores (DESS). Results 579 participants were randomized in the Phase 2 trial (mean age 41.6–43.4 years); 630 were randomized in the Phase 3 trial (mean age 37.5–40.7 years). A statistically significant, dose-related improvement in mean change from baseline DNSS was observed over 2 weeks with setipiprant 1000 mg b.i.d. versus placebo in the Phase 2 trial (−0.15 [95% CI −0.29, −0.01]; p = 0.030). Setipiprant 1000 mg b.i.d. had no significant effect on this endpoint in the Phase 3 trial (−0.02 [95% CI −0.12, 0.07]; p = 0.652). Total and individual NNSS and DESS symptom scores were significantly improved with setipiprant 1000 mg b.i.d. versus placebo in the Phase 2 but not the Phase 3 trial. Setipiprant showed a favorable safety/tolerability profile. Conclusions The Phase 2 trial was the first large clinical study to assess a CRTH2 antagonist in seasonal AR in a real-life setting. Setipiprant dose-related efficacy in the Phase 2 trial was not confirmed during Phase 3. Setipiprant was well tolerated in both studies. Trial registration NCT01241214 and NCT01484119 Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13223-017-0183-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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25
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Rossi A, Miraglia E, Fortuna M, Calvieri S, Giustini S. Topical cetirizine and oral vitamin D: a valid treatment for hypotrichosis caused by ectodermal dysplasia. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2017; 31:367-370. [DOI: 10.1111/jdv.13864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Rossi
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology; “Sapienza” University of Rome; Rome Italy
| | - E. Miraglia
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology; “Sapienza” University of Rome; Rome Italy
| | - M.C. Fortuna
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology; “Sapienza” University of Rome; Rome Italy
| | - S. Calvieri
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology; “Sapienza” University of Rome; Rome Italy
| | - S. Giustini
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology; “Sapienza” University of Rome; Rome Italy
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26
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Li M, Yucel B, Jiménez J, Rotella M, Fu Y, Walsh PJ. Umpolung Synthesis of Diarylmethylamines via Palladium-Catalyzed Arylation of N-Benzyl Aldimines. Adv Synth Catal 2016; 358:1910-1915. [PMID: 28190996 DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201600075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
An umpolung synthesis of diarylmethylamine derivatives is presented. This reaction entails a Pd catalyzed arylation of 1,3-diaryl-2-azaallyl anions, in situ generated from N-benzyl aldimines. A Pd(NIXANTPHOS)-based catalyst together with hindered silylamide bases enabled the coupling of aldimines with aryl bromides in good to excellent yields without product isomerization. Moreover, regioselectivity in the arylation of unsymmetrical 1,3-diaryl-2-azaallyl anions was studied. This method is suitable for a gram scale synthesis of diarylmethylamine derivatives at room temperature without use of a glovebox.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minyan Li
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Baris Yucel
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States.,Istanbul Technical University, Science Faculty, Department of Chemistry, Maslak 34469, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Jacqueline Jiménez
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States.,Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Av. San Claudio y 14 Sur, Puebla, Pue 72570, México
| | - Madeline Rotella
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Yue Fu
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Patrick J Walsh
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
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27
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Desmarchelier A, Ortiz P, Harutyunyan SR. Tertiary α-diarylmethylamines derived from diarylketimines and organomagnesium reagents. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:703-6. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cc06719c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Organomagnesium reagents enable swift and versatile derivatisation of diarylimines to the corresponding α-substituted diarylmethylamines in excellent yields, through fast and clean reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaric Desmarchelier
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry
- University of Groningen
- 9747 AG Groningen
- The Netherlands
| | - Pablo Ortiz
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry
- University of Groningen
- 9747 AG Groningen
- The Netherlands
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28
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Goindi S, Dhatt B, Kaur A. Ethosomes-based topical delivery system of antihistaminic drug for treatment of skin allergies. J Microencapsul 2014; 31:716-24. [DOI: 10.3109/02652048.2014.918667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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29
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Etwel F, Djokanovic N, Moretti ME, Boskovic R, Martinovic J, Koren G. The fetal safety of cetirizine: An observational cohort study and meta-analysis. J OBSTET GYNAECOL 2014; 34:392-9. [DOI: 10.3109/01443615.2014.896887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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30
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Dakhale GN, Shinde AT, Mahatme MS, Hiware SK, Mishra DB, Mukhi JI, Salve AM. Clinical effectiveness and safety of cetirizine versus rupatadine in chronic spontaneous urticaria: a randomized, double-blind, 6-week trial. Int J Dermatol 2013; 53:643-9. [PMID: 24320728 DOI: 10.1111/ijd.12250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Urticaria is a distressing condition associated with diverse clinical presentations. Chronic spontaneous urticaria (CsU) is characterized by wheals and angioedema. Its treatment requires an algorithmic approach to identify the optimum medication. OBJECTIVES Cetirizine is commonly used in the treatment of urticaria. Rupatadine is a selective non-sedating H1 -antihistamine approved for the treatment of CsU. This trial was conducted to ascertain whether the properties of rupatadine offer advantages over cetirizine. METHODS Seventy patients with CsU were enrolled. Parameters assessed included: (i) mean number of wheals (MNW); (ii) pruritus; (iii) mean total symptom score (MTSS); (iv) size of wheal; (v) interference of wheals with sleep; and (vi) sedation. Patients with CsU were divided randomly into two groups. Routine investigations were performed at baseline and at the end of the study. RESULTS Evaluations of MTSS, MNW, and pruritus revealed statistically significant differences at week 3 compared with baseline in the cetirizine group. However, greater reductions in these parameters were obtained with rupatadine. In patients receiving rupatadine, reductions in the MNW, size of wheals, and intensity of erythema were also significant at six weeks (P < 0.001) and were significantly greater than those in the cetirizine group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Improvements in MTSS, MNW, size of wheals, intensity of erythema, and differential eosinophil count imply that rupatadine is a particularly attractive therapeutic modality compared with cetirizine for the treatment of CsU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganesh N Dakhale
- Department of Pharmacology, Indira Gandhi Government Medical College, Nagpur, India
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31
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Goindi S, Kumar G, Kumar N, Kaur A. Development of novel elastic vesicle-based topical formulation of cetirizine dihydrochloride for treatment of atopic dermatitis. AAPS PharmSciTech 2013; 14:1284-93. [PMID: 23959702 PMCID: PMC3840784 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-013-0017-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2013] [Accepted: 07/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cetirizine is a piperazine-derived second-generation antihistaminic drug recommended for treatment of pruritus associated with atopic dermatitis. The present investigation encompasses development of a nanosized novel elastic vesicle-based topical formulation of cetirizine dihydrochloride using combination of Phospholipon® 90G and edge activators with an aim to have targeted peripheral H1 antihistaminic activity. The formulation was optimized with respect to phospholipid/drug/charge inducer ratio along with type and concentration of edge activator. The optimized formulation was found to be satisfactory with respect to stability, drug content, entrapment efficiency, pH, viscosity, vesicular size, spreadability, and morphological characteristics. The ex vivo permeation studies through mice skin were performed using Franz diffusion cell assembly. It was found that the mean cumulative percentage amount permeated in 8 h was almost twice (60.001 ± 0.332) as compared to conventional cream (33.268 ± 0.795) and aqueous solution of drug (32.616 ± 0.969), suggesting better penetration and permeation of cetirizine from the novel vesicular delivery system. Further, therapeutic efficacy of optimized formulation was assessed against oxazolone-induced atopic dermatitis in mice. It was observed that the developed formulation was highly efficacious in reducing the itching score (4.75 itches per 20 min) compared to conventional cream (9.75 itches per 20 min) with profound reduction in dermal eosinophil count and erythema score. To conclude, a novel vesicular, dermally safe, and nontoxic topical formulation of cetirizine was successfully developed and may be used to treat atopic dermatitis after clinical investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shishu Goindi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014 India
| | - Gautam Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014 India
| | - Neeraj Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014 India
| | - Amanpreet Kaur
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014 India
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Sunsandee N, Leepipatpiboon N, Ramakul P. Selective enantioseparation of levocetirizine via a hollow fiber supported liquid membrane and mass transfer prediction. KOREAN J CHEM ENG 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s11814-013-0044-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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33
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Hattori M, Mizuguchi H, Baba Y, Ono S, Nakano T, Zhang Q, Sasaki Y, Kobayashi M, Kitamura Y, Takeda N, Fukui H. Quercetin inhibits transcriptional up-regulation of histamine H1 receptor via suppressing protein kinase C-δ/extracellular signal-regulated kinase/poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 signaling pathway in HeLa cells. Int Immunopharmacol 2013; 15:232-9. [PMID: 23333628 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2012.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2012] [Revised: 12/29/2012] [Accepted: 12/31/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
It has been reported that the histamine H1 receptor (H1R) gene is up-regulated in patients with allergic rhinitis and H1R expression level strongly correlates with the severity of allergy symptoms. Accordingly compounds that suppress the H1R gene expression are promising as useful anti-allergic medications. Recently, we demonstrated that histamine or phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA) stimulation induced the up-regulation of H1R gene expression through the protein kinase Cδ (PKCδ)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase/poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 signaling pathway in HeLa cells expressing H1R endogenously. Quercetin is one of the well-characterized flavonoids and it possesses many biological activities including anti-allergic activity. However, effect of quercetin on H1R signaling is remained unknown. In the present study, we examined the effect of quercetin on histamine- and PMA-induced up-regulation of H1R gene expression in HeLa cells. We also investigated its in vivo effects on the toluene-2,4-diisocyanate (TDI)-sensitized allergy model rats. Quercetin suppressed histamine- and PMA-induced up-regulation of H1R gene expression. Quercetin also inhibited histamine- or PMA-induced phosphorylation of Tyr(311) of PKCδ and translocation of PKCδ to the Golgi. Pre-treatment with quercetin for 3weeks suppressed TDI-induced nasal allergy-like symptoms and elevation of H1R mRNA in the nasal mucosa of TDI-sensitized rats. These data suggest that quercetin suppresses H1R gene expression by the suppression of PKCδ activation through the inhibition of its translocation to the Golgi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Hattori
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan
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Sánchez-Borges M, Asero R, Ansotegui IJ, Baiardini I, Bernstein JA, Canonica GW, Gower R, Kahn DA, Kaplan AP, Katelaris C, Maurer M, Park HS, Potter P, Saini S, Tassinari P, Tedeschi A, Ye YM, Zuberbier T. Diagnosis and treatment of urticaria and angioedema: a worldwide perspective. World Allergy Organ J 2012; 5:125-47. [PMID: 23282382 PMCID: PMC3651155 DOI: 10.1097/wox.0b013e3182758d6c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
: Urticaria and angioedema are common clinical conditions representing a major concern for physicians and patients alike. The World Allergy Organization (WAO), recognizing the importance of these diseases, has contributed to previous guidelines for the diagnosis and management of urticaria. The Scientific and Clinical Issues Council of WAO proposed the development of this global Position Paper to further enhance the clinical management of these disorders through the participation of renowned experts from all WAO regions of the world. Sections on definition and classification, prevalence, etiology and pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis are based on the best scientific evidence presently available. Additional sections devoted to urticaria and angioedema in children and pregnant women, quality of life and patient-reported outcomes, and physical urticarias have been incorporated into this document. It is expected that this article will supplement recent international guidelines with the contribution of an expert panel designated by the WAO, increasing awareness of the importance of urticaria and angioedema in medical practice and will become a useful source of information for optimum patient management worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Sánchez-Borges
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Centro Médico-Docente La Trinidad, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Riccardo Asero
- Ambulatorio di Allergologia, Clinica San Carlo, Paderno-Dugnano, Milan, Italy
| | - Ignacio J Ansotegui
- Department of Allergy and Immunology, Hospital Quirón Bizkaia, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Ilaria Baiardini
- Allergy and Respiratory Disease Clinic, University of Genova, Ospedale S.Martino di Genova, Genoa, Italy
| | - Jonathan A Bernstein
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Immunology/Allergy Section University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH
| | - G Walter Canonica
- Allergy and Respiratory Disease Clinic, University of Genova, Ospedale S.Martino di Genova, Genoa, Italy
| | - Richard Gower
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Spokane, WA
| | - David A Kahn
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Allen P Kaplan
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - Connie Katelaris
- Department of Allergy and Immunology, University of Western Sydney and Campbelltown Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Marcus Maurer
- Universitätsmedizin Berlin. Allergie-Centrum-Charité, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hae Sim Park
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Paul Potter
- Allergy Diagnostic & Clinical Research Unit, University of Cape Town Lung Institute, Groote Schuur, South Africa
| | - Sarbjit Saini
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Paolo Tassinari
- Immunology Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Alberto Tedeschi
- U.O. Allergologia e Immunologia Clinica, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy
| | - Young Min Ye
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Torsten Zuberbier
- Universitätsmedizin Berlin. Allergie-Centrum-Charité, Berlin, Germany
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Mahmoud FF, Haines D, Al-Awadhi R, Arifhodzic N, Abal A, Azeamouzi C, Al-Sharah S, Tosaki A. In vitro suppression of lymphocyte activation in patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis and pollen-related asthma by cetirizine or azelastine in combination with ginkgolide B or astaxanthin. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 99:173-84. [PMID: 22849842 DOI: 10.1556/aphysiol.99.2012.2.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Novel strategies are evaluated for management of allergic rhinitis and asthma in patients co-afflicted with both disorders. It is hypothesized that the platelet activating factor receptor antagonist ginkgolide B (GB) and the carotenoid antioxidant astaxanthin (ASX) interact with antihistamines cetirizine dihydrochloride (CTZ) and azelastine (AZE) to potentiate their ability to downregulate potentially pathological immune activation. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from asthmatics and healthy subjects, cultured 24 hours with 50 μg/ml phytohemaglutinin (PHA) or PHA plus each drug are analyzed by flow cytometry for expression of CD25+ or HLA-DR+ by CD3+ (T cells). Results are reported as stimulation indices for CD3+CD25+ (SICD3+CD25+) and CD3+HLA-DR+ (SICD3+HLADR+) cells in cultures treated with PHA alone, versus cultures treated with both PHA and drugs. Optimal suppression of activated cells was observed in cultures stimulated with ASX 10-6 M + CTZ 10-6 M (SICD3+CD25+, p = 0.016; SICD3+HLADR, p = 0.012); ASX 10-6 M + AZE 10-6 M (SICD3+CD25+, p = 0.012; SICD3+HLADR, p = 0.015); GB 10-6 M + CTZ 10-6 M (SICD3+CD25+, p = 0.024, SICD3+HLADR+, p = 0.019). Results demonstrate improved activity of antihistamines by 2 phytochemicals, suggesting dosing strategies for animal trials of ASX- or GB-augmented formulations for seasonal allergic rhinitis and asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fadia F Mahmoud
- Kuwait University, Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Kuwait.
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36
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Hamze A, Tréguier B, Brion JD, Alami M. Copper-catalyzed reductive coupling of tosylhydrazones with amines: a convenient route to α-branched amines. Org Biomol Chem 2011; 9:6200-4. [PMID: 21796313 DOI: 10.1039/c1ob05664f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A general procedure for the reductive coupling of N-tosylhydrazones with amines in the presence of Cu(acac)(2) and Cs(2)CO(3) has been developed. The protocol is very effective and chemoselective with various primary and secondary aliphatic amines, aminoalcohols as well as azole derivatives to give α-branched amines in good yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdallah Hamze
- Université Paris-Sud 11, CNRS, BioCIS UMR 8076, Laboratoire de Chimie Thérapeutique, Faculté de Pharmacie, Châtenay-Malabry, France.
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Douroumis DD, Gryczke A, Schminke S. Development and evaluation of cetirizine HCl taste-masked oral disintegrating tablets. AAPS PharmSciTech 2011; 12:141-51. [PMID: 21181510 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-010-9569-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2010] [Accepted: 12/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the current study was to mask the taste of cetirizine HCl and to incorporate the granules produced in oral disintegrating tablets (ODT). The bitter, active substance was coated by fluidized bed coating using Eudragit® RL30-D at levels between 15% and 40% w/w. The ODTs were developed by varying the ratio of superdisintegrants such as sodium croscarmellose, crospovidone grades and low substituted hydroxypropyl cellulose (L-HPC). A direct compression process was used to compress the ODTs under various compaction forces to optimize tablet robustness. The properties of the compressed tablets including porosity, hardness, friability and dissolution profiles were further investigated. The in vitro and in vivo evaluation of the tablet disintegration times showed almost identical rapid disintegration below 10 s at the optimal levels of each superdisintegrant. Finally, the taste and sensory evaluation in human volunteers demonstrated excellence in masking the bitter active and tablet palatability.
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Li FQ, Ji RR, Chen X, You BM, Pan YH, Su JC. Cetirizine dihydrochloride loaded microparticles design using ionotropic cross-linked chitosan nanoparticles by spray-drying method. Arch Pharm Res 2010; 33:1967-73. [DOI: 10.1007/s12272-010-1212-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2009] [Revised: 05/11/2010] [Accepted: 05/17/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Matsumori A, Yamamoto K, Shimada M. Cetirizine a histamine H1 receptor antagonist improves viral myocarditis. JOURNAL OF INFLAMMATION-LONDON 2010; 7:39. [PMID: 20682082 PMCID: PMC2922108 DOI: 10.1186/1476-9255-7-39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2009] [Accepted: 08/04/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We showed that mast cells played a critical role in the progression of heart failure induced by pressure overload and viral myocarditis in mice. In this study, we investigated the effect of cetirizine, a selective H1 receptor antagonist, on experimental viral myocarditis induced by encephalomyocarditis (EMC) virus. METHODS Four-week-old inbred male DBA/2 mice were inoculated intraperitoneally with 10 plaque-forming units (pfu) of the EMC virus. Cetirizine was administered orally at a dose of 1 or 10 mg/kg per day for the survival study, and 1 mg/kg for the histologic and gene expression studies, beginning on the day of viral inoculation. RESULTS Cetirizine improved survival dose dependently. Heart weight to body weight ratio was significantly decreased in mice treated with cetirizine. The area of myocardial necrosis was significantly smaller in the hearts of mice treated with cetirizine compared with controls. Gene expressions of tumor necrosis factor, interleukin 6, and metalloproteinase 2 were significantly suppressed in the hearts of mice treated with cetirizine. CONCLUSION These results suggest that cetirizine exerts its beneficial effects on viral myocarditis by suppressing expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, genes related to cardiac remodeling in the hearts of mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Matsumori
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
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Zuberbier T, Oanta A, Bogacka E, Medina I, Wesel F, Uhl P, Antépara I, Jáuregui I, Valiente R. Comparison of the efficacy and safety of bilastine 20 mg vs levocetirizine 5 mg for the treatment of chronic idiopathic urticaria: a multi-centre, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study. Allergy 2010; 65:516-28. [PMID: 19860762 DOI: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2009.02217.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bilastine is a novel nonsedative H(1)-receptor antagonist, which may be used for the symptomatic treatment of chronic idiopathic urticaria (CU). The aim of this study was to compare the clinical efficacy and safety of bilastine 20 mg vs levocetirizine 5 mg and placebo in CU patients with moderate-to-severe symptoms. METHODS Overall 525 male and female subjects aged 18-70 years were randomized to receive bilastine 20 mg, levocetirizine 5 mg or placebo, once daily for 28 days, in double-blind manner, in 46 centres across Europe and Argentina. Patients rated symptoms of pruritus, number of wheals, and maximum size of wheals (on predefined scales) as reflective (over past 12 h) symptoms twice daily, for assessment of change from baseline in the total symptoms scores (TSS) over 28 days as the primary efficacy measure. Changes in reflective and instantaneous symptoms scores, Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI), and CU-associated discomfort and sleep disturbance were assessed as secondary outcomes. Safety was assessed according to adverse events, laboratory tests and electrocardiograms. RESULTS Bilastine reduced patients' mean reflective and instantaneous TSS from baseline to a significantly greater degree than placebo (P < 0.001); from day 2 onwards of treatment. The DLQI, general discomfort, and sleep disruption were also improved significantly in bilastine-treated patients as compared with placebo-treated patients (P < 0.001 for all parameters). Comparison with levocetirizine indicated both treatments to be equally efficacious as well as equally safe and well tolerated as compared with placebo. CONCLUSIONS Bilastine 20 mg is a novel effective and safe treatment option for the management of CU.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Zuberbier
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
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41
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Tashiro M, Kato M, Miyake M, Watanuki S, Funaki Y, Ishikawa Y, Iwata R, Yanai K. Dose dependency of brain histamine H(1) receptor occupancy following oral administration of cetirizine hydrochloride measured using PET with [11C]doxepin. Hum Psychopharmacol 2009; 24:540-8. [PMID: 19697300 DOI: 10.1002/hup.1051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The strength of sedation due to antihistamines can be evaluated using positron emission tomography (PET). The purpose of the present study is to measure histamine H(1) receptor (H(1)R) occupancy following oral administration of cetirizine (10 and 20 mg) in order to examine dose dependency. METHODS Fifteen healthy male volunteers (age range, 20-35 years) were divided into 3 subgroups and were studied following single oral administration of cetirizine at 10 mg (n = 5) and 20 mg (n = 5) or hydroxyzine at 30 mg (n = 5) using PET with 11C-doxepin. Each subject was scanned also following the administration of placebo. Binding potential and H(1)RO values were calculated in the prefrontal and anterior cingulate cortices. Subjective sleepiness was also measured, and the correlation to H(1)RO was examined for each antihistamine. RESULTS The averaged H(1)ROs of cetirizine 10 mg, 20 mg, and hydroxyzine 30 mg in the prefrontal and cingulate cortices was 12.6%, 25.2%, and 67.6%, respectively. The H(1)RO of hydroxyzine 30 mg correlated well with subjective sleepiness (p < 0.001); however, those of cetirizine 10 and 20 mg showed no correlation with subjective sleepiness. CONCLUSION It was demonstrated that the brain penetration of orally administered cetirizine was dose-dependent. Cetirizine 10 mg, with its low H(1)RO and thus minimal sedation, could be more safely used than cetirizine 20 mg for the treatment of various allergic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manabu Tashiro
- Division of Cyclotron Nuclear Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan.
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Marosi A, Kovács Z, Béni S, Kökösi J, Noszál B. Triprotic acid–base microequilibria and pharmacokinetic sequelae of cetirizine. Eur J Pharm Sci 2009; 37:321-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2009.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2009] [Revised: 02/27/2009] [Accepted: 03/02/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Levocetirizine inhibits rhinovirus-induced ICAM-1 and cytokine expression and viral replication in airway epithelial cells. Antiviral Res 2008; 81:226-33. [PMID: 19110001 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2008.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2008] [Revised: 11/27/2008] [Accepted: 12/01/2008] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Levocetirizine inhibits the production of intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 and secretion of interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8, which may have beneficial effects on the pathophysiologic changes related to human rhinovirus (HRV) infection. We investigated the effects of levocetirizine on rhinovirus infection in primary human nasal epithelial cells (HNEC) and A549 cells. Cells were treated with different concentrations of levocetirizine, ranging from 0.5, 5 or 50nM, either starting at the time of infection and continuing thereafter, or beginning 24h before infection and continuing thereafter. Levocetirizine treatment inhibited the HRV-induced increase in ICAM-1 mRNA and protein levels, as well as the HRV-induced expression of IL-6 and IL-8 mRNA and protein levels. Viral titer, as measured by culture in MRC-5 cells, was reduced by levocetirizine. Levocetirizine treatment also reduced the increased nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappaB) expression seen with HRV infection. Levocetirizine inhibited the expression of Toll-like receptor (TLR)3 mRNA and protein levels. These findings indicate that, in HNEC and A549 cells, levocetirizine inhibits HRV replication and HRV-induced upregulation of ICAM-1, IL-6, and IL-8, TLR3 expression and NF-kappaB activation. The results of this study suggest that levocetirizine may have a possible clinical application in the treatment of airway inflammation caused by HRV infection.
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Abstract
Dystonia is a movement disorder that causes involuntary contractions of the muscles. Dystonia can affect just 1 muscle, a group of muscles, or all of the muscles. The most common cause acquired dystonia in childhood is drugs. Cetirizine is widely used for allergic disorders in childhood. It is without central nervous system side effects at recommended dosages. There is only 1 case of cetirizine-induced dystonia in the literature. We report a second case of cetirizine-induced acute acquired dystonia whose symptoms completely resolved after the discontinuation of the drug.
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Olsén L, Bondesson U, Broström H, Tjälve H, Ingvast-Larsson C. Cetirizine in horses: Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics following repeated oral administration. Vet J 2008; 177:242-9. [PMID: 17581764 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2007.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2007] [Revised: 03/27/2007] [Accepted: 03/28/2007] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The pharmacokinetics of the histamine H(1)-antagonist cetirizine and its effect on histamine-induced cutaneous wheal formation were studied in six healthy horses following repeated oral administration. After three consecutive administrations of cetirizine (0.2 mg/kg body weight, bw) every 12h, the trough plasma concentration of cetirizine was 16+/-4 ng/mL (mean+/-SD) and the wheal formation was inhibited by 45+/-23%. After four additional administrations of cetirizine (0.4 mg/kg bw) every 12 h, the trough plasma concentration was 48+/-15 ng/mL and the wheal formation was inhibited by 68+/-11%. The terminal half-life was about 5.8 h. A pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic link model showed that the maximal inhibition of wheal formation was about 95% and the EC(50) about 18 ng/mL. It is concluded that cetirizine in doses of 0.2-0.4 mg/kg bw administered at 12 h intervals exhibits favourable pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties without causing visible side effects, and the drug may therefore be a useful antihistamine in equine medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Olsén
- Division of Pathology, Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden.
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Bousquet J, Khaltaev N, Cruz AA, Denburg J, Fokkens WJ, Togias A, Zuberbier T, Baena-Cagnani CE, Canonica GW, van Weel C, Agache I, Aït-Khaled N, Bachert C, Blaiss MS, Bonini S, Boulet LP, Bousquet PJ, Camargos P, Carlsen KH, Chen Y, Custovic A, Dahl R, Demoly P, Douagui H, Durham SR, van Wijk RG, Kalayci O, Kaliner MA, Kim YY, Kowalski ML, Kuna P, Le LTT, Lemiere C, Li J, Lockey RF, Mavale-Manuel S, Meltzer EO, Mohammad Y, Mullol J, Naclerio R, O'Hehir RE, Ohta K, Ouedraogo S, Palkonen S, Papadopoulos N, Passalacqua G, Pawankar R, Popov TA, Rabe KF, Rosado-Pinto J, Scadding GK, Simons FER, Toskala E, Valovirta E, van Cauwenberge P, Wang DY, Wickman M, Yawn BP, Yorgancioglu A, Yusuf OM, Zar H, Annesi-Maesano I, Bateman ED, Ben Kheder A, Boakye DA, Bouchard J, Burney P, Busse WW, Chan-Yeung M, Chavannes NH, Chuchalin A, Dolen WK, Emuzyte R, Grouse L, Humbert M, Jackson C, Johnston SL, Keith PK, Kemp JP, Klossek JM, Larenas-Linnemann D, Lipworth B, Malo JL, Marshall GD, Naspitz C, Nekam K, Niggemann B, Nizankowska-Mogilnicka E, Okamoto Y, Orru MP, Potter P, Price D, Stoloff SW, Vandenplas O, Viegi G, Williams D. Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA) 2008 update (in collaboration with the World Health Organization, GA(2)LEN and AllerGen). Allergy 2008; 63 Suppl 86:8-160. [PMID: 18331513 DOI: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2007.01620.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3037] [Impact Index Per Article: 189.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Asthma/epidemiology
- Asthma/etiology
- Asthma/therapy
- Child
- Global Health
- Humans
- Prevalence
- Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial/complications
- Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial/diagnosis
- Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial/epidemiology
- Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial/therapy
- Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal/complications
- Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal/diagnosis
- Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal/epidemiology
- Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal/therapy
- Risk Factors
- World Health Organization
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Affiliation(s)
- J Bousquet
- University Hospital and INSERM, Hôpital Arnaud de Villeneuve, Montpellier, France
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Development and validation of a rapid RP-HPLC method for the determination of cetirizine or fexofenadine with pseudoephedrine in binary pharmaceutical dosage forms. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2008; 46:295-302. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2007.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2007] [Revised: 10/07/2007] [Accepted: 10/08/2007] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Olsén L, Ingvast-Larsson C, Bondesson U, Broström H, Tjälve H, Larsson P. Cetirizine in horses: pharmacokinetics and effect of ivermectin pretreatment. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2007; 30:194-200. [PMID: 17472650 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2885.2007.00850.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The pharmacokinetics of the histamine H(1)-antagonist cetirizine and the effects of pretreatment with the antiparasitic macrocyclic lactone ivermectin on the pharmacokinetics of cetirizine were studied in horses. After oral administration of cetirizine at 0.2 mg/kg bw, the mean terminal half-life was 3.4 h (range 2.9-3.7 h) and the maximal plasma concentration 132 ng/mL (101-196 ng/mL). The time to reach maximal plasma concentration was 0.7 h (0.5-0.8 h). Ivermectin (0.2 mg/kg bw) given orally 1.5 h before cetirizine did not affect its pharmacokinetics. However, ivermectin pretreatment 12 h before cetirizine increased the area under the plasma concentration-time curve by 60%. The maximal plasma concentration, terminal half-life and mean residence time also increased significantly following the 12 h pretreatment. Ivermectin is an inhibitor of P-glycoprotein, which is a major drug efflux transporter in cellular membranes at various sites. The elevated plasma levels of cetirizine following the pretreatment with ivermectin may mainly be due to decreased renal secretion, related to inhibition of the P-glycoprotein in the proximal tubular cells of the kidney. The pharmacokinetic properties of cetirizine have characteristics which are suitable for an antihistamine, and this substance may be a useful drug in horses.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Olsén
- Division of Pathology, Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden.
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49
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Powell RJ, Du Toit GL, Siddique N, Leech SC, Dixon TA, Clark AT, Mirakian R, Walker SM, Huber PAJ, Nasser SM. BSACI guidelines for the management of chronic urticaria and angio-oedema. Clin Exp Allergy 2007; 37:631-50. [PMID: 17456211 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2007.02678.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This guidance for the management of patients with chronic urticaria and angio-oedema has been prepared by the Standards of Care Committee (SOCC) of the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology (BSACI). The guideline is based on evidence as well as on expert opinion and is aimed at both adult physicians and paediatricians practising in allergy. The recommendations are evidence graded. During the development of these guidelines, all BSACI members were included in the consultation process using a web-based system. Their comments and suggestions were carefully considered by the SOCC. Where evidence was lacking a consensus was reached by the experts on the committee. Included in this guideline are clinical classification, aetiology, diagnosis, investigations, treatment guidance with special sections on children with urticaria, and the use of antihistamines in women who are pregnant or breastfeeding. Finally, we have made recommendations for potential areas of future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Powell
- Clinical Immunology Unit, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK
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50
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Das AK, Yoshimura S, Mishima R, Fujimoto K, Mizuguchi H, Dev S, Wakayama Y, Kitamura Y, Horio S, Takeda N, Fukui H. Stimulation of histamine H1 receptor up-regulates histamine H1 receptor itself through activation of receptor gene transcription. J Pharmacol Sci 2007; 103:374-82. [PMID: 17409634 DOI: 10.1254/jphs.fp0061411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Histamine is a major mediator in allergy acting mainly through the histamine H(1) receptor (H1R). Although H1R up-regulation has been suggested as an important step for induction of allergic symptoms, little is known about the regulation of H1R level. Here we report that the activation of H1R up-regulates H1R through augmentation of H1R mRNA expression in HeLa cells. Histamine stimulation significantly increased both H1R promoter activity and mRNA level without alteration in mRNA stability. H1R protein was also up-regulated by histamine. An H1R antagonist but not histamine H(2) receptor antagonist blocked histamine-induced up-regulation of both promoter activity and mRNA expression. A protein kinase C (PKC) activator, phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate, increased H1R mRNA expression, whereas an activator of PKA or PKG (8-Br-cAMP or 8-Br-cGMP, respectively) did not. Furthermore, histamine-induced up-regulation of both promoter activity and mRNA level were completely suppressed by the PKC inhibitor Ro-31-8220. H1R antagonists have long been thought to block H1R and inhibit immediate allergy symptoms. In addition to this short-term effect, our data propose their long-term inhibitory effect against allergic diseases by suppressing PKC-mediated H1R gene transcription. This finding provides new insights into the therapeutic target of H1R antagonist in allergic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asish K Das
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima, Japan
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