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Yueh PF, Chiang CS, Tsai IJ, Tseng YL, Chen HR, Lan KL, Hsu FT. A multifunctional PEGylated liposomal-encapsulated sunitinib enhancing autophagy, immunomodulation, and safety in renal cell carcinoma. J Nanobiotechnology 2024; 22:459. [PMID: 39085911 PMCID: PMC11293195 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-024-02664-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sunitinib is a multikinase inhibitor used to treat patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC). However, sunitinib toxicity makes it a double-edged sword. Potent immune modulation by sunitinib extends to nuclear interactions. To address these issues, there is an urgent need for delivery vectors suitable for sunitinib treatment. METHODS We developed PEGylated liposomes as delivery vectors to precisely target sunitinib (lipo-sunitinib) to RCC tumors. Further investigations, including RNA sequencing (RNA-seq), were performed to evaluate transcriptomic changes in these pathways. DiI/DiR-labeled lipo-sunitinib was used for the biodistribution analysis. Flow cytometry and immunofluorescence (IF) were used to examine immune modulation in orthotopic RCC models. RESULTS The evaluation of results indicated that lipo-sunitinib precisely targeted the tumor site to induce autophagy and was readily taken up by RCC tumor cells. In addition, transcriptomic assays revealed that following lipo-sunitinib treatment, autophagy, antigen presentation, cytokine, and chemokine production pathways were upregulated, whereas the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) pathway was downregulated. In vivo data provided evidence supporting the inhibitory effect of lipo-sunitinib on RCC tumor progression and metastasis. Flow cytometry further demonstrated that liposunitinib increased the infiltration of effector T cells (Teffs) and conventional type 1 dendritic cells (cDC1s) into the tumor. Furthermore, systemic immune organs such as the tumor-draining lymph nodes, spleen, and bone marrow exhibited upregulated anticancer immunity following lipo-sunitinib treatment. CONCLUSION Our findings demonstrated that lipo-sunitinib is distributed at the RCC tumor site, concurrently inducing potent autophagy, elevating antigen presentation, activating cytokine and chemokine production pathways, and downregulating EMT in RCC cells. This comprehensive approach significantly enhanced tumor inhibition and promoted anticancer immune modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Fu Yueh
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 6th Floor, Shouren Building, No. 155, Section 2, Linong Street, Beitou District, Taipei, 112, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chih-Sheng Chiang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
- Cell Therapy Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - I-Jung Tsai
- Cell Therapy Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | | | - He-Ru Chen
- Taiwan Liposome Company, Ltd., Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Keng-Li Lan
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 6th Floor, Shouren Building, No. 155, Section 2, Linong Street, Beitou District, Taipei, 112, Taiwan, ROC.
- Department of Heavy Ion and Radiation Oncology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Department of Heavy Particles & Radiation Oncology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Fei-Ting Hsu
- Department of Biology Science and Technology, China Medical University, 7F, Research Building, No. 100, Jingmao 1st Rd., Beitun Dist., Taichung City, 406, Taiwan, ROC.
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Fazl F, Gholivand MB. Characterization and optimization of magnetic molecularly imprinted nanofibers for determination of sunitinib in human serum and capsule samples. Talanta 2024; 279:126588. [PMID: 39047626 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.126588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 06/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
This article reports a spectrofluorometric method for the determination of sunitinib (STB) drug based on molecularly imprinted nanofibers fabricated by the electrospinning method and modified by magnetic nanoparticles as sorbent. The characterization of magnetic molecularly imprinted nanofibers (MMINs) was carried out using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), which confirmed the successful synthesis of MMINs with well-distributed magnetite nanoparticles. Drug adsorption and desorption were optimized and important parameters such as sample pH, nanofiber mass, adsorption and desorption time, eluent solvent and sample volume were analyzed. The results demonstrated that the MMINs act as a selective sorbent for STB and can be readily collected through an external magnetic field. Methanol was used as the best eluent solvent for STB desorption from MNIN. A linear correlation was observed between the STB concentrations and fluorescence intensities in the range of 0.01-15.0 mg L-1. The detection limit for this method was 0.002 mg L-1. The relative standard deviation (RSD) of 2.6 % for 1.0 mg L-1 and 1.1 % for 10 mg L-1 of STB (n = 3) were obtained, which indicates that the developed method is precise in determining STB. Human serum and capsule analysis show the applicability of the proposed sensor for real samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fariba Fazl
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
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Ai JY, Liu CF, Zhang W, Rao GW. Current status of drugs targeting PDGF/PDGFR. Drug Discov Today 2024; 29:103989. [PMID: 38663580 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2024.103989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/30/2024]
Abstract
As an important proangiogenic factor, platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and its receptor PDGFR are highly expressed in a variety of tumors, fibrosis, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. Targeting the PDGF/PDGFR pathway is therefore a promising therapeutic strategy. At present, a variety of PDGF/PDGFR targeted drugs with potential therapeutic effects have been developed, mainly including PDGF agonists, inhibitors targeting PDGFR and proteolysis targeting chimera (PROTACs). This review clarifies the structure, biological function and disease correlation of PDGF and PDGFR, and it discusses the current status of PDGFR-targeted drugs, so as to provide a reference for subsequent research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Yan Ai
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, and Institute of Drug Development & Chemical Biology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China
| | - Chen-Fu Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, PR China
| | - Wen Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, and Institute of Drug Development & Chemical Biology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China
| | - Guo-Wu Rao
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, and Institute of Drug Development & Chemical Biology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China.
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Andrés CMC, Pérez de la Lastra JM, Bustamante Munguira E, Andrés Juan C, Pérez-Lebeña E. Michael Acceptors as Anti-Cancer Compounds: Coincidence or Causality? Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6099. [PMID: 38892287 PMCID: PMC11172677 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25116099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 05/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Michael acceptors represent a class of compounds with potential anti-cancer properties. They act by binding to nucleophilic sites in biological molecules, thereby disrupting cancer cell function and inducing cell death. This mode of action, as well as their ability to be modified and targeted, makes them a promising avenue for advancing cancer therapy. We are investigating the molecular mechanisms underlying Michael acceptors and their interactions with cancer cells, in particular their ability to interfere with cellular processes and induce apoptosis. The anti-cancer properties of Michael acceptors are not accidental but are due to their chemical structure and reactivity. The electrophilic nature of these compounds allows them to selectively target nucleophilic residues on disease-associated proteins, resulting in significant therapeutic benefits and minimal toxicity in various diseases. This opens up new perspectives for the development of more effective and precise cancer drugs. Nevertheless, further studies are essential to fully understand the impact of our discoveries and translate them into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - José Manuel Pérez de la Lastra
- Institute of Natural Products and Agrobiology, CSIC-Spanish Research Council, Avda. Astrofísico Fco. Sánchez, 3, 38206 La Laguna, Spain
| | | | - Celia Andrés Juan
- Cinquima Institute and Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Valladolid University, Paseo de Belén, 7, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
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Zhang C, Li L. Study on electrochemical sensor for sunitinib cancer medicine based on metal-organic frameworks and carbon nanotubes nanocomposite. ALEXANDRIA ENGINEERING JOURNAL 2024; 97:8-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aej.2024.03.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
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Hussain S, Mursal M, Verma G, Hasan SM, Khan MF. Targeting oncogenic kinases: Insights on FDA approved tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 970:176484. [PMID: 38467235 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Protein kinases play pivotal roles in various biological functions, influencing cell differentiation, promoting survival, and regulating the cell cycle. The disruption of protein kinase activity is intricately linked to pathways in tumor development. This manuscript explores the transformative impact of protein kinase inhibitors on cancer therapy, particularly their efficacy in cases driven by targeted mutations. Focusing on key tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) like Bcr-Abl, Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR), and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor (VEGFR), it targets critical kinase families in cancer progression. Clinical trial details of these TKIs offer insights into their therapeutic potentials. Learning from FDA-approved kinase inhibitors, the review dissects trends in kinase drug development since imatinib's paradigm-shifting approval in 2001. TKIs have evolved into pivotal drugs, extending beyond oncology. Ongoing clinical trials explore novel kinase targets, revealing the vast potential within the human kinome. The manuscript provides a detailed analysis of advancements until 2022, discussing the roles of specific oncogenic protein kinases in cancer development and carcinogenesis. Our exploration on PubMed for relevant and significant TKIs undergoing pre-FDA approval phase III clinical trials enriches the discussion with valuable findings. While kinase inhibitors exhibit lower toxicity than traditional chemotherapy in cancer treatment, challenges like resistance and side effects emphasize the necessity of understanding resistance mechanisms, prompting the development of novel inhibitors like osimertinib targeting specific mutant proteins. The review advocates thorough research on effective combination therapies, highlighting the future development of more selective RTKIs to optimize patient-specific cancer treatment and reduce adverse events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahil Hussain
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Kursi Road, Lucknow, 226026, India
| | - Mohd Mursal
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Kursi Road, Lucknow, 226026, India
| | - Garima Verma
- RWE Specialist, HealthPlix Technologies, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560103, India
| | - Syed Misbahul Hasan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Kursi Road, Lucknow, 226026, India
| | - Mohemmed Faraz Khan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Kursi Road, Lucknow, 226026, India.
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Fu J, Lin G, Fang C, Chen B, Deng X, Chen J, Yang W, Huang Y, Qin A, Li X, Zeng C, Li X, Du L. Preparation, evaluation and application of MRI detectable sunitinib-loaded calcium alginate/poly(acrylic acid) hydrogel microspheres. Int J Biol Macromol 2024:131730. [PMID: 38688794 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) is an effective method for the treatment of unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma. Although many embolic agents have been developed in TACE, there are few ideal embolic agents that combine drug loading, imaging properties and vessel embolization. Here, we developed novel magnetic embolic microspheres that could simultaneously load sunitinib malate (SU), be detected by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and block blood vessels. Calcium alginate/poly (acrylic acid) hydrogel microspheres (CA/PAA-MDMs) with superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) modified by citric acid were prepared by a drip and photopolymerization method. The embolization and imaging properties of CA/PAA-MDMs were evaluated through a series of experiments such as morphology, X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, magnetic responsiveness analysis, elasticity, cytotoxicity, hemolysis test, in vitro MRI evaluation, rabbit ear embolization and histopathology. In addition, the ability of drug loading and drug release of CA/PAA-MDMs were investigated by using sunitinib (SU) as the model drug. In conclusion, CA/PAA-MDMs showed outstanding drug loading capability, excellent imaging property and embolization effect, which would be expected to be used as a potential biodegradable embolic agent in the clinical interventional therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jijun Fu
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, The NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Second Affiliated Hospital and The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511436, PR China; The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Qingyuan, Guangdong 511436, PR China
| | - Guanli Lin
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, The NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Second Affiliated Hospital and The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511436, PR China
| | - Chenchen Fang
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, The NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Second Affiliated Hospital and The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511436, PR China
| | - Baiqi Chen
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, The NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Second Affiliated Hospital and The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511436, PR China
| | - Xingmei Deng
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, The NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Second Affiliated Hospital and The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511436, PR China
| | - Junhong Chen
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, The NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Second Affiliated Hospital and The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511436, PR China
| | - Weiqi Yang
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, The NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Second Affiliated Hospital and The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511436, PR China
| | - Yugang Huang
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, The NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Second Affiliated Hospital and The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511436, PR China; The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Qingyuan, Guangdong 511436, PR China
| | - Aiping Qin
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, The NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Second Affiliated Hospital and The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511436, PR China
| | - Xufeng Li
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, The NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Second Affiliated Hospital and The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511436, PR China
| | - Caifang Zeng
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, The NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Second Affiliated Hospital and The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511436, PR China.
| | - Xin Li
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, The NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Second Affiliated Hospital and The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511436, PR China; The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Qingyuan, Guangdong 511436, PR China.
| | - Lingran Du
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, The NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Second Affiliated Hospital and The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511436, PR China; The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Qingyuan, Guangdong 511436, PR China.
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Helmy SWA, Abdel-Aziz AK, Dokla EME, Ahmed TE, Hatem Y, Abdel Rahman EA, Sharaky M, Shahin MI, Elrazaz EZ, Serya RAT, Henary M, Ali SS, Abou El Ella DA. Novel sulfonamide-indolinone hybrids targeting mitochondrial respiration of breast cancer cells. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 268:116255. [PMID: 38401190 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) still poses a threat worldwide which demands continuous efforts to present safer and efficacious treatment options via targeted therapy. Beside kinases' aberrations as Aurora B kinase which controls cell division, BC adopts distinct metabolic profiles to meet its high energy demands. Accordingly, targeting both aurora B kinase and/or metabolic vulnerability presents a promising approach to tackle BC. Based on a previously reported indolinone-based Aurora B kinase inhibitor (III), and guided by structural modification and SAR investigation, we initially synthesized 11 sulfonamide-indolinone hybrids (5a-k), which showed differential antiproliferative activities against the NCI-60 cell line panel with BC cells displaying preferential sensitivity. Nonetheless, modest activity against Aurora B kinase (18-49% inhibition) was noted at 100 nM. Screening of a representative derivative (5d) against 17 kinases, which are overexpressed in BC, failed to show significant activity at 1 μM concentration, suggesting that kinase inhibitory activity only played a partial role in targeting BC. Bioinformatic analyses of genome-wide transcriptomics (RNA-sequencing), metabolomics, and CRISPR loss-of-function screens datasets suggested that indolinone-completely responsive BC cell lines (MCF7, MDA-MB-468, and T-47D) were more dependent on mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) compared to partially responsive BC cell lines (MDA-MB-231, BT-549, and HS 578 T). An optimized derivative, TC11, obtained by molecular hybridization of 5d with sunitinib polar tail, manifested superior antiproliferative activity and was used for further investigations. Indeed, TC11 significantly reduced/impaired the mitochondrial respiration, as well as mitochondria-dependent ROS production of MCF7 cells. Furthermore, TC11 induced G0/G1 cell cycle arrest and apoptosis of MCF7 BC cells. Notably, anticancer doses of TC11 did not elicit cytotoxic effects on normal cardiomyoblasts and hepatocytes. Altogether, these findings emphasize the therapeutic potential of targeting the metabolic vulnerability of OXPHOS-dependent BC cells using TC11 and its related sulfonamide-indolinone hybrids. Further investigation is warranted to identify their precise/exact molecular target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sama W A Helmy
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Abbassia, Cairo, 11566, Egypt
| | - Amal Kamal Abdel-Aziz
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Abbassia, Cairo, 11566, Egypt; Smart Health Initiative, Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eman M E Dokla
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Abbassia, Cairo, 11566, Egypt.
| | - Tarek E Ahmed
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, 100 Piedmont Avenue SE, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA
| | - Yasmin Hatem
- Research Department, 57357 Children's Cancer Hospital Egypt, Cairo, 4260102, Egypt
| | - Engy A Abdel Rahman
- Research Department, 57357 Children's Cancer Hospital Egypt, Cairo, 4260102, Egypt; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, 71515, Egypt
| | - Marwa Sharaky
- Cancer Biology Department, Pharmacology Unit, National Cancer Institute (NCI), Cairo University, Cairo, 11796, Egypt
| | - Mai I Shahin
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Abbassia, Cairo, 11566, Egypt
| | - Eman Z Elrazaz
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Abbassia, Cairo, 11566, Egypt
| | - Rabah A T Serya
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Abbassia, Cairo, 11566, Egypt
| | - Maged Henary
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, 100 Piedmont Avenue SE, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA
| | - Sameh S Ali
- Research Department, 57357 Children's Cancer Hospital Egypt, Cairo, 4260102, Egypt
| | - Dalal A Abou El Ella
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Abbassia, Cairo, 11566, Egypt.
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Choueiri TK, Donahue AC, Braun DA, Rini BI, Powles T, Haanen JB, Larkin J, Mu XJ, Pu J, Teresi RE, di Pietro A, Robbins PB, Motzer RJ. Integrative Analyses of Tumor and Peripheral Biomarkers in the Treatment of Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma. Cancer Discov 2024; 14:406-423. [PMID: 38385846 PMCID: PMC10905671 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-23-0680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
The phase III JAVELIN Renal 101 trial demonstrated prolonged progression-free survival (PFS) in patients (N = 886) with advanced renal cell carcinoma treated with first-line avelumab + axitinib (A+Ax) versus sunitinib. We report novel findings from integrated analyses of longitudinal blood samples and baseline tumor tissue. PFS was associated with elevated lymphocyte levels in the sunitinib arm and an abundance of innate immune subsets in the A+Ax arm. Treatment with A+Ax led to greater T-cell repertoire modulation and less change in T-cell numbers versus sunitinib. In the A+Ax arm, patients with tumors harboring mutations in ≥2 of 10 previously identified PFS-associated genes (double mutants) had distinct circulating and tumor-infiltrating immunologic profiles versus those with wild-type or single-mutant tumors, suggesting a role for non-T-cell-mediated and non-natural killer cell-mediated mechanisms in double-mutant tumors. We provide evidence for different immunomodulatory mechanisms based on treatment (A+Ax vs. sunitinib) and tumor molecular subtypes. SIGNIFICANCE Our findings provide novel insights into the different immunomodulatory mechanisms governing responses in patients treated with avelumab (PD-L1 inhibitor) + axitinib or sunitinib (both VEGF inhibitors), highlighting the contribution of tumor biology to the complexity of the roles and interactions of infiltrating immune cells in response to these treatment regimens. This article is featured in Selected Articles from This Issue, p. 384.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toni K. Choueiri
- The Lank Center for Genitourinary Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - David A. Braun
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Brian I. Rini
- Hematology Oncology, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Thomas Powles
- Department of Genitourinary Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre, Queen Mary University of London, St Bartholomew's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - John B.A.G. Haanen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - James Larkin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Jie Pu
- Pfizer, La Jolla, California
| | | | | | | | - Robert J. Motzer
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
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Tavares V, Marques IS, Melo IGD, Assis J, Pereira D, Medeiros R. Paradigm Shift: A Comprehensive Review of Ovarian Cancer Management in an Era of Advancements. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1845. [PMID: 38339123 PMCID: PMC10856127 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) is the female genital malignancy with the highest lethality. Patients present a poor prognosis mainly due to the late clinical presentation allied with the common acquisition of chemoresistance and a high rate of tumour recurrence. Effective screening, accurate diagnosis, and personalised multidisciplinary treatments are crucial for improving patients' survival and quality of life. This comprehensive narrative review aims to describe the current knowledge on the aetiology, prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of OC, highlighting the latest significant advancements and future directions. Traditionally, OC treatment involves the combination of cytoreductive surgery and platinum-based chemotherapy. Although more therapeutical approaches have been developed, the lack of established predictive biomarkers to guide disease management has led to only marginal improvements in progression-free survival (PFS) while patients face an increasing level of toxicity. Fortunately, because of a better overall understanding of ovarian tumourigenesis and advancements in the disease's (epi)genetic and molecular profiling, a paradigm shift has emerged with the identification of new disease biomarkers and the proposal of targeted therapeutic approaches to postpone disease recurrence and decrease side effects, while increasing patients' survival. Despite this progress, several challenges in disease management, including disease heterogeneity and drug resistance, still need to be overcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valéria Tavares
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP), Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Department, Clinical Pathology SV/RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), Porto Comprehensive Cancer Centre (Porto.CCC), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
- ICBAS-Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Inês Soares Marques
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP), Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Department, Clinical Pathology SV/RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), Porto Comprehensive Cancer Centre (Porto.CCC), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Inês Guerra de Melo
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP), Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Department, Clinical Pathology SV/RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), Porto Comprehensive Cancer Centre (Porto.CCC), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana Assis
- Clinical Research Unit, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP), RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Deolinda Pereira
- Oncology Department, Portuguese Institute of Oncology of Porto (IPOP), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Rui Medeiros
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP), Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Department, Clinical Pathology SV/RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), Porto Comprehensive Cancer Centre (Porto.CCC), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
- ICBAS-Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Fernando Pessoa University, 4200-150 Porto, Portugal
- Research Department, Portuguese League Against Cancer (NRNorte), 4200-172 Porto, Portugal
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11
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Zmorzynski S, Kimicka-Szajwaj A, Szajwaj A, Czerwik-Marcinkowska J, Wojcierowski J. Genetic Changes in Mastocytes and Their Significance in Mast Cell Tumor Prognosis and Treatment. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:137. [PMID: 38275618 PMCID: PMC10815783 DOI: 10.3390/genes15010137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Mast cell tumors are a large group of diseases occurring in dogs, cats, mice, as well as in humans. Systemic mastocytosis (SM) is a disease involving the accumulation of mast cells in organs. KIT gene mutations are very often seen in abnormal mast cells. In SM, high KIT/CD117 expression is observed; however, there are usually no KIT gene mutations present. Mastocytoma (MCT)-a form of cutaneous neoplasm-is common in animals but quite rare in humans. KIT/CD117 receptor mutations were studied as the typical changes for human mastocytosis. In 80% of human cases, the KIT gene substitution p.D816H was present. In about 25% of MCTs, metastasis was observed. Changes in the gene expression of certain genes, such as overexpression of the DNAJ3A3 gene, promote metastasis. In contrast, the SNORD93 gene blocks the expression of metastasis genes. The panel of miR-21-5p, miR-379, and miR-885 has a good efficiency in discriminating healthy and MCT-affected dogs, as well as MCT-affected dogs with and without nodal metastasis. Further studies on the pathobiology of mast cells can lead to clinical improvements, such as better MCT diagnosis and treatment. Our paper reviews studies on the topic of mast cells, which have been carried out over the past few years.
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12
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Chen Y, Sonawane A, Manda R, Gadi RK, Tesmer JJG, Ghosh AK. Development of a new class of potent and highly selective G protein-coupled receptor kinase 5 inhibitors and structural insight from crystal structures of inhibitor complexes. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 264:115931. [PMID: 38016297 PMCID: PMC10841647 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptor kinase 5 (GRK5) is an important drug development target for heart failure, cardiac hypertrophy, and cancer. We have designed and developed a new class of highly selective, potent, and non-covalent GRK5 inhibitors. One of the inhibitors displayed GRK5 IC50 value of 10 nM and exhibited >100,000-fold selectivity over GRK2. The X-ray structure of a ketoamide-derived inhibitor-bound GRK5 showed the formation of a hemithioketal intermediate with active site Cys474 in the GRK5 active site and provided new insights into the ligand-binding site interactions responsible for high selectivity. The current studies serve as an important guide to therapeutic GRK5 inhibitor drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueyi Chen
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA; Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Amol Sonawane
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Rajesh Manda
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Ranjith Kumar Gadi
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - John J G Tesmer
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA; Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Arun K Ghosh
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA; Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
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13
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Buart S, Diop MK, Damei I, Chouaib S. Sunitinib Treatment of VHL C162F Cells Slows Down Proliferation and Healing Ability via Downregulation of ZHX2 and Confers a Mesenchymal Phenotype. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 16:34. [PMID: 38201462 PMCID: PMC10778532 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16010034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) disease, due to mutations of the tumor suppressor VHL gene, is a rare hereditary syndrome with a high risk of developing clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). We asked whether the VHL-C162F mutation interferes with proliferation, migration, healing and forming colony ability by using wild-type VHL (WT VHL) and VHL-C162F reconstituted cells. We then analyzed the in vitro impact of the sunitinib treatment on VHL-C162F cells. We showed that VHL-C162F mutations have no impact on cell morphology, colony formation and migration ability but confer a significant higher healing ability than in WT VHL cells. RNA sequencing analysis revealed that VHL-C162F mutation upregulates genes involved in hypoxia and epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) pathways by comparison with VHL WT cells. We next showed a decrease in healing ability in VHL-C162F cells depleting on ZHX2, an oncogenic driver of ccRCC, highlighting the potential involvement of ZHX2 in aggressiveness of the VHL-C162F cells. Moreover, we found that sunitinib treatment inhibits ZHX2 expression and induces a reduced proliferation correlating with downregulation of P-ERK. Sunitinib treatment also conferred a more mesenchymal profile to VHL-C162F cells with significant downregulation of E-cadherin and upregulation of N-cadherin, Slug and AXL. Sunitinib therapy may therefore promote disease progression in VHL-C162F patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Buart
- INSERM UMR 1186, Integrative Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy, Gustave Roussy, Faculty of Medicine, University Paris-Saclay, 94805 Villejuif, France;
| | - M’boyba Khadija Diop
- Bioinformatics Core Facility, University of Paris-Saclay, 94805 Villejuif, France;
| | - Isabelle Damei
- INSERM UMR 1186, Integrative Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy, Gustave Roussy, Faculty of Medicine, University Paris-Saclay, 94805 Villejuif, France;
| | - Salem Chouaib
- INSERM UMR 1186, Integrative Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy, Gustave Roussy, Faculty of Medicine, University Paris-Saclay, 94805 Villejuif, France;
- Thumbay Research Institute for Precision Medicine, Gulf Medical University, Ajman 4184, United Arab Emirates
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14
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Eissa IH, Yousef RG, Sami M, Elkaeed EB, Alsfouk BA, Ibrahim IM, Husein DZ, Elkady H, Metwaly AM. Exploring the anticancer properties of a new nicotinamide analogue: Investigations into in silico analysis, antiproliferative effects, selectivity, VEGFR-2 inhibition, apoptosis induction, and migration suppression. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 252:154924. [PMID: 37956639 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study focuses on the development and evaluation of (E)-N-(3-(1-(2-(4-bromobenzoyl)hydrazono)ethyl)phenyl)nicotinamide (BHEPN) as a potential inhibitor of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2 (VEGFR-2). METHODS Computational investigations as density function theory (DFT), docking, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, and ADMET) in addition to in vitro (VEGFR-2 inhibition, cytotoxicity against HepG2 and MCF-7 cancer cell lines, selectivity index, cells cycle analysis, apoptosis investigation, and cells migration assay) studies were conducted. RESULTS DFT calculations determined the three-dimensional structure and indicated the reactivity of BHEPN. Molecular docking, and MD simulations analysis showed the BHEPN's binding affinity and its potential as a VEGFR-2 inhibitor. ADMET assessments predicted BHEPN's safety and drug-like characteristics. In vitro investigations confirmed the inhibition of VEGFR-2 with an IC50 value of 0.320 ± 0.012 µM. BHEPN also exhibited remarkable cytotoxic effects against HepG2 and MCF-7 cancer cell lines, with IC50 values of 0.19 ± 0.01 µM and 1.18 ± 0.01 µM, respectively, outperforming Sorafenib's IC50 values (2.24 ± 0.06 µM and 3.17 ± 0.01 µM), respectively. Notably, BHEPN displayed a higher IC50 value of 4.11 ± 0 µM against the non-carcinogenic Vero cell lines, indicating selectivity index values of 21.6 and 3.4 against the tested cancer cell lines, respectively. In a flow cytometry assay, BHEPN induced HepG2 cell cycle arrest at the G1/S phase. Moreover, BHEPN increased the incidence of early and late apoptosis in HepG2 cell lines (from 1.38% and 0.22%) in control cells to (4.11-26.02%) in the treated cells, respectively. Additionally, the percentage of necrosis raised to 13.39%, in contrast to 0.62% in control cells. Finally, BHEPN was able to reduce the migration and wound healing abilities in HepG2 cells to 38.89% compared to 87.92% in untreated cells after 48 h. These in vitro results aligned with the computational predictions, providing strong evidence of BHEPN's efficacy and safety in anticancer applications. CONCLUSIONS BHEPN is a promising candidate for the development of novel anticancer agents through further in vitro and in vivo investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim H Eissa
- Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry & Drug Design Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt
| | - Reda G Yousef
- Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry & Drug Design Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt
| | - Muhammad Sami
- Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry & Drug Design Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt
| | - Eslam B Elkaeed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, AlMaarefa University, Riyadh 13713, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Bshra A Alsfouk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim M Ibrahim
- Biophysics Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
| | - Dalal Z Husein
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, New Valley University, El-Kharja 72511, Egypt
| | - Hazem Elkady
- Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry & Drug Design Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Metwaly
- Pharmacognosy and Medicinal Plants Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt; Biopharmaceutical Products Research Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), Alexandria, Egypt.
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15
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Chandra S, Tan EY, Empeslidis T, Sivaprasad S. Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors and their role in treating neovascular age-related macular degeneration and diabetic macular oedema. Eye (Lond) 2023; 37:3725-3733. [PMID: 37286867 PMCID: PMC10697959 DOI: 10.1038/s41433-023-02610-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The advent of intravitreal anti-VEGF injections has revolutionised the treatment of both neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD or wet AMD) and diabetic macular oedema (DMO). Despite their efficacy, anti-VEGF injections precipitate significant treatment burden for patients, caregivers and healthcare systems due to the high frequency of injections required to sustain treatment benefit. Therefore, there remains an unmet need for lower-burden therapies. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) are a novel class of drugs that may have considerable potential in addressing this issue. This review will summarise and discuss the results of various pilot studies and clinical trials exploring the role of TKIs in treatment of nAMD and DMO, highlighting promising candidates and possible challenges in developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shruti Chandra
- National Institute of Health Research Moorfields Biomedical Research Centre, Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, EC1V 2PD, UK
- University College London, Institute of Ophthalmology, London, EC1V 9EL, UK
| | - Emanuel Yuquan Tan
- National Institute of Health Research Moorfields Biomedical Research Centre, Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, EC1V 2PD, UK
- Queen Mary University of London, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Bethnal Green, London, E1 4NS, UK
| | | | - Sobha Sivaprasad
- National Institute of Health Research Moorfields Biomedical Research Centre, Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, EC1V 2PD, UK.
- University College London, Institute of Ophthalmology, London, EC1V 9EL, UK.
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16
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Yan W, Hou N, Zheng J, Zhai W. Predictive genomic biomarkers of therapeutic effects in renal cell carcinoma. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2023; 46:1559-1575. [PMID: 37223875 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-023-00827-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent years, there have been great improvements in the therapy of renal cell carcinoma. Nevertheless, the therapeutic effect varies significantly from person to person. To discern the effective treatment for different populations, predictive molecular biomarkers in response to target, immunological, and combined therapies are widely studied. CONCLUSION This review summarized those studies from three perspectives (SNPs, mutation, and expression level) and listed the relationship between biomarkers and therapeutic effect, highlighting the great potential of predictive molecular biomarkers in metastatic RCC therapy. However, due to a series of reasons, most of these findings require further validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijie Yan
- Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Naiqiao Hou
- Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Junhua Zheng
- Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Zhai
- Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
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17
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Abdel-Aziz AK, Dokla EME, Saadeldin MK. FLT3 inhibitors and novel therapeutic strategies to reverse AML resistance: An updated comprehensive review. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2023; 191:104139. [PMID: 37717880 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2023.104139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) mutations occur in almost 30% of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients. Despite the initial clinical efficacy of FLT3 inhibitors, many treated AML patients with mutated FLT3 eventually relapse. This review critically discusses the opportunities and challenges of FLT3-targeted therapies and sheds light on their drug interactions as well as potential biomarkers. Furthermore, we focus on the molecular mechanisms underlying the resistance of FLT3 internal tandem duplication (FLT3-ITD) AMLs to FLT3 inhibitors alongside novel therapeutic strategies to reverse resistance. Notably, dynamic heterogeneous patterns of clonal selection and evolution contribute to the resistance of FLT3-ITD AMLs to FLT3 inhibitors. Ongoing preclinical research and clinical trials are actively directed towards devising rational "personalized" or "patient-tailored" combinatorial therapeutic regimens to effectively treat patients with FLT3 mutated AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal Kamal Abdel-Aziz
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt; Smart Health Initiative, Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Eman M E Dokla
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Abbassia, Cairo 11566, Egypt
| | - Mona Kamal Saadeldin
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Leahy Drive, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
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18
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Ezelarab HAA, Ali TFS, Abbas SH, Hassan HA, Beshr EAM. Indole-based FLT3 inhibitors and related scaffolds as potential therapeutic agents for acute myeloid leukemia. BMC Chem 2023; 17:73. [PMID: 37438819 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-023-00981-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) mutation mechanisms are among the most common genetic abnormalities detected in about 30% of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients. These mutations are accompanied by poor clinical response, although all these progressions in identifying and interpreting biological AML bio-targets. Several small structured FLT3 inhibitors have been ameliorated to struggle against AML. Despite all these developments regarding these inhibitors, the Overall survival rate is about five years or more in less than one-third of diagnosed AML patients. Midostaurin was the first FDA-approved FLT3 inhibitor in 2017 in the United States and Europe for AML remedy. Next, Gilteritinib was an FDA-approved FLT3 inhibitor in 2018 and in the next year, Quizartinib was approved an as FLT3 inhibitor in Japan. Interestingly, indole-based motifs had risen as advantaged scaffolds with unusual multiple kinase inhibitory activity. This review summarises indole-based FLT3 inhibitors and related scaffolds, including FDA-approved drugs, clinical candidates, and other bioactive compounds. Furthermore, their chemotypes, mechanism of action, and interaction mode over both wild and mutated FLT3 target proteins had been judgmentally discussed. Therefore, this review could offer inspiring future perspectives into the finding of new FLT3-related AML therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hend A A Ezelarab
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, 61519, Egypt
| | - Taha F S Ali
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, 61519, Egypt
| | - Samar H Abbas
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, 61519, Egypt.
| | - Heba A Hassan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, 61519, Egypt
| | - Eman A M Beshr
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, 61519, Egypt.
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19
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Mahdy HA, Elkady H, Taghour MS, Elwan A, Dahab MA, Elkady MA, Elsakka EG, Elkaeed EB, Alsfouk BA, Ibrahim IM, Eissa IH, Metwaly AM. New theobromine derivatives inhibiting VEGFR-2: design, synthesis, antiproliferative, docking and molecular dynamics simulations. Future Med Chem 2023; 15:1233-1250. [PMID: 37466069 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2023-0089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: VEGFR-2 is one of the most effective targets in cancer treatment. Aim: The design and semi-synthesis of new theobromine derivatives as potential VEGFR-2 inhibitors. Methods: In vitro and in silico evaluation of the synthesized compounds. Results: Compound 5b demonstrated excellent antiproliferative and VEGFR-2 inhibitory effects with significant apoptotic activity. It modulated the immune response by increasing IL-2 and reducing TNF-α levels. Docking and molecular dynamics simulations revealed the compound's binding affinity with VEGFR-2. Lastly, computational absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicity studies indicated the high potential of compound 5b for drug development. Conclusion: Compound 5b could be a promising anticancer agent targeting VEGFR-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hazem A Mahdy
- Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry & Drug Design Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, 11884, Egypt
| | - Hazem Elkady
- Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry & Drug Design Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, 11884, Egypt
| | - Mohammed S Taghour
- Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry & Drug Design Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, 11884, Egypt
| | - Alaa Elwan
- Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry & Drug Design Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, 11884, Egypt
| | - Mohammed A Dahab
- Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry & Drug Design Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, 11884, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Elkady
- Biochemistry & Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, 11884, Egypt
| | - Elsayed Ge Elsakka
- Biochemistry & Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, 11884, Egypt
| | - Eslam B Elkaeed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, AlMaarefa University, Riyadh, 13713, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bshra A Alsfouk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, PO Box 84428, Riyadh, 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim M Ibrahim
- Biophysics Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo, 12613, Egypt
| | - Ibrahim H Eissa
- Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry & Drug Design Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, 11884, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Metwaly
- Pharmacognosy & Medicinal Plants Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, 11884, Egypt
- Biopharmaceutical Products Research Department, Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology Research Institute, City of Scientific Research & Technological Applications (SRTA-City), Alexandria, 21934, Egypt
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20
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Coelho YNB, Soldi LR, da Silva PHR, Mesquita CM, Paranhos LR, dos Santos TR, Silva MJB. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors as an alternative treatment in canine mast cell tumor. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1188795. [PMID: 37360406 PMCID: PMC10285312 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1188795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The current gold standard treatment for canine mast cell tumors (MCT) uses vinblastine sulfate (VBL) as chemotherapy, although tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) have recently been shown to be worthy candidates for treatment. This systematic review aimed to analyze the overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), overall response rate (ORR), and complete (CR) or partial response (PR) in dogs with MCT treated with TKI compared to standard VBL treatment. The systematic review was registered in the Open Science Framework (OSF) database under the identifier 10.17605/OSF.IO/WYPN4 (https://osf.io/). An electronic search was performed in nine databases. References from eligible studies were also selected to find more registers. A total of 28 studies met the eligibility criteria, and one more was recovered from the references of eligible studies, totaling 29 selected studies. The overall response rate, complete response, and partial response were higher in dogs treated with tyrosine kinase inhibitors than in dogs treated with vinblastine. The overall survival and progression-free survival of vinblastine-treated dogs were higher compared to tyrosine kinase inhibitors-treated dogs. Dogs with mutated KIT treated with tyrosine kinase inhibitors have longer overall survival and progression-free survival compared to those treated with vinblastine. It is important to consider the limitation of the study which should temper the interpretation of the results, videlicet, the extracted data lacked sample standardization and included variables such as animal characteristics, mutation detection methods, tumor characteristics, and treatment types which may have influenced the outcome of the study. Systematic review registration https://osf.io/, identifier: 10.17605/OSF.IO/WYPN4.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luiz Ricardo Soldi
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlândia—UFU, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Caio Melo Mesquita
- School of Dentistry, Federal University of Uberlândia—UFU, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Luiz Renato Paranhos
- School of Dentistry, Federal University of Uberlândia—UFU, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Thaísa Reis dos Santos
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia—UFU, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
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21
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Dong ZX, Chan SH, Chen SN, Li M, Zhang XD, Liu XQ. TJP1 promotes vascular mimicry in bladder cancer by facilitating VEGFA expression and transcriptional activity through TWIST1. Transl Oncol 2023; 32:101666. [PMID: 37031603 PMCID: PMC10119961 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2023.101666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Tight junction protein 1 (TJP1) is a recently identified prominent regulator of bladder cancer (BLCA) angiogenesis and tumorigenesis. Vascular mimicry (VM) is a newly described tumor feature and is correlated with an increased risk of tumor metastasis. However, the relationship between TJP1 expression and VM in bladder cancer remains elusive. In the present study, we report a novel function for TJP1 in accommodating VM to promote tumor progression. We found that the elevated TJP1 expression was positively related to VM in patients and xenograft tumor models in bladder cancer. Enforced expression of TJP1 increased VM of BLCA cells in vitro and in vivo by elevating Vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) levels. Furthermore, VM induced by TJP1 overexpression was significantly blocked by the VEGFA and VEGFR inhibitors (Bevacizumab and Sunitinib). Mechanistically, TJP1 promoted VEGFA transcriptional and protein level in a TWIST1-dependent manner. Taken together, our study reveals that TJP1-regulated VEGFA overexpression may indicate a potential therapeutic target for clinical intervention in the early tumor neovascularization of bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-Xia Dong
- Molecular Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Sze-Hoi Chan
- Molecular Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shu-Na Chen
- Molecular Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Miao Li
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Xing-Ding Zhang
- Molecular Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Xue-Qi Liu
- Molecular Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China.
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22
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Novel Phthalic-Based Anticancer Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors: Design, Synthesis and Biological Activity. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:1820-1842. [PMID: 36975487 PMCID: PMC10046946 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45030117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work, fragments of isophthalic and terephthalic acids are proposed as a structural scaffold to develop potential inhibitors of protein kinases. Novel isophthalic and terephthalic acid derivatives were designed as type-2 protein kinase inhibitors, synthesized and subjected to physicochemical characterization. The screening of their cytotoxic actions against a panel of cell lines derived from different types of tumors (liver, renal, breast and lung carcinomas, as well as chronic myelogenous and promyelocytic leukemia) and normal human B lymphocyte, for the sake of comparison, was performed. Compound 5 showed the highest inhibitory activity against four cancer cell lines, K562, HL-60, MCF-7 and HepG2 (IC50 = 3.42, 7.04, 4.91 and 8.84 µM, respectively). Isophthalic derivative 9 revealed a high potency against EGFR and HER2, at the levels of 90% and 64%, respectively, being comparable to lapatinib at 10 µM. In general, tumor cell cultures were more sensitive to isophthalic acid derivatives than to terephthalic acid ones. In cell cycle studies, isophthalic analogue 5 showed a pronounced dose-dependent effect, and with the increase in its concentration up to 10.0 µM, the number of living cells decreased to 38.66%, while necrosis reached 16.38%. The considered isophthalic compounds had a similar docking performance to that of sorafenib against the VEGFR-2 (PDB id: 4asd, 3wze). The correct binding of compounds 11 and 14 with VEGFR-2 was validated using MD simulations and MM-GPSA calculations.
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Demirtas L, Gürbüzel M, Akbas EM, Tahirler H, Karatas O, Kemal Arslan Y. The Effects of Sunitinib in Healthy and Cisplatin-Induced Rats. Chem Biodivers 2023; 20:e202200704. [PMID: 36703598 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202200704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Sunitinib is a multitargeted kinase inhibitor that inhibits many receptor tyrosine kinases and has been used in the treatment of gastrointestinal stromal tumors, metastatic renal cell carcinoma, and pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. In this study, the effects of sunitinib given to rats, both alone and after stress with cisplatin, were investigated. The animals were divided into four groups - (1) control group (C) administered interperitoneally with a single dose 0.9 % saline, (2) Cis group administered a single dose (7 mg/kg) of cisplatin, (3) Sun group administered 10 mg/kg sunitinib for seven days, and (4) Cis+Sun group administered 10 mg/kg sunitinib for seven days after a single dose (7 mg/kg) of cisplatin. After these applications, the rats were sacrificed, and blood and tissue samples were taken for biochemical and histopathological evaluations. Sunitinib did not show any effect on urea, creatine, and kidney IL1β and TGF-β3 expression levels when administered alone; it increased ALT, AST, and IL-38 levels. When sunitinib was given to the cisplatin-induced rats, it was observed that the increase in ALT, AST, and IL-38 levels increased more than the rats that was given only sunitinib. According to the data obtained, sunitinib does not cause a significant change in kidney tissue under both normal and stress conditions, while it creates stress in liver tissue. In addition, its toxicity in the liver becomes more certain as a result of its combination with cisplatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Levent Demirtas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Erzincan Binali Yıldırım University, 24100, Erzincan, Türkiye
| | - Mehmet Gürbüzel
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Erzincan Binali Yıldırım University, 24100, Erzincan, Türkiye
| | - Emin Murat Akbas
- Department of Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Erzincan Binali Yıldırım University, 24100, Erzincan, Türkiye
| | - Hilal Tahirler
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gülhane Training and Research Hospital, Health Sciences University, 06010, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Ozhan Karatas
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, 58140, Sivas, Türkiye
| | - Yusuf Kemal Arslan
- Department of Biostatistics, Medical Faculty, Çukurova University, 01330, Adana, Türkiye
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Zhai J, Li C, Sun B, Wang S, Cui Y, Gao Q, Sang F. Sunitinib-based Proteolysis Targeting Chimeras (PROTACs) reduced the protein levels of FLT-3 and c-KIT in leukemia cell lines. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2022; 78:129041. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2022.129041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Taghour MS, Mahdy HA, Gomaa MH, Aglan A, Eldeib MG, Elwan A, Dahab MA, Elkaeed EB, Alsfouk AA, Khalifa MM, Eissa IH, Elkady H. Benzoxazole derivatives as new VEGFR-2 inhibitors and apoptosis inducers: design, synthesis, in silico studies, and antiproliferative evaluation. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2022; 37:2063-2077. [PMID: 35875937 PMCID: PMC9327782 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2022.2103552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, a set of novel benzoxazole derivatives were designed, synthesised, and biologically evaluated as potential VEGFR-2 inhibitors. Five compounds (12d, 12f, 12i, 12l, and 13a) displayed high growth inhibitory activities against HepG2 and MCF-7 cell lines and were further investigated for their VEGFR-2 inhibitory activities. The most potent anti-proliferative member 12 l (IC50 = 10.50 μM and 15.21 μM against HepG2 and MCF-7, respectively) had the most promising VEGFR-2 inhibitory activity (IC50 = 97.38 nM). A further biological evaluation revealed that compound 12l could arrest the HepG2 cell growth mainly at the Pre-G1 and G1 phases. Furthermore, compound 12l could induce apoptosis in HepG2 cells by 35.13%. likely, compound 12l exhibited a significant elevation in caspase-3 level (2.98-fold) and BAX (3.40-fold), and a significant reduction in Bcl-2 level (2.12-fold). Finally, docking studies indicated that 12l exhibited interactions with the key amino acids in a similar way to sorafenib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed S Taghour
- Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry & Drug Design Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hazem A Mahdy
- Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry & Drug Design Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Maher H Gomaa
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Aglan
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Gomaa Eldeib
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Alaa Elwan
- Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry & Drug Design Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohammed A Dahab
- Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry & Drug Design Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Eslam B Elkaeed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Aisha A Alsfouk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed M Khalifa
- Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry & Drug Design Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ibrahim H Eissa
- Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry & Drug Design Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hazem Elkady
- Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry & Drug Design Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
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Sato MT, Ida A, Kanda Y, Takano K, Ohbayashi M, Kohyama N, Morita J, Fuji K, Sasaki H, Ogawa Y, Kogo M. Prognostic model for overall survival that includes the combination of platelet count and neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio within the first six weeks of sunitinib treatment for metastatic renal cell carcinoma. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:1214. [PMID: 36434552 PMCID: PMC9700994 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-10316-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association between the combination of platelet count and neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (COP-NLR) at the time of adverse events during sunitinib treatment and prognosis is unclear, and prognostic models combining the prognostic factors of sunitinib have not been well studied. Thus, we developed a prognostic model that includes the COP-NLR to predict the prognosis of patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) treated with sunitinib. METHODS We performed a retrospective cohort study of 102 patients treated with sunitinib for mRCC between 2008 and 2020 in three hospitals associated with Showa University, Japan. The primary outcome was overall survival (OS). The collected data included baseline patient characteristics, adverse events, laboratory values, and COP-NLR scores within the first 6 weeks of sunitinib treatment. Prognostic factors of OS were analyzed using the Cox proportional hazards model. The integer score was derived from the beta-coefficient (β) of these factors and was divided into three groups. The survival curves were visualized using the Kaplan-Meier method and estimated using a log-rank test. RESULTS The median OS was 32.3 months. Multivariable analysis showed that the number of metastatic sites, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center risk group, number of metastases, non-hypertension, modified Glasgow Prognostic Score, and 6-week COP-NLR were significantly associated with OS. A higher 6-week COP-NLR was significantly associated with a shorter OS (p < 0.001). The β values of the five factors for OS were scored (non-hypertension, mGPS, and 6-week COP-NLR = 1 point; number of metastatic sites = 2 points; MSKCC risk group = 3 points) and patients divided into three groups (≤ 1, 2-3, and ≥ 4). The low-risk (≤ 1) group had significantly longer OS than the high-risk (≥ 4) group (median OS: 99.0 vs. 6.2 months, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS This study showed that the COP-NLR within the first 6 weeks of sunitinib treatment had a greater impact on OS than the COP-NLR at the start of sunitinib treatment. The developed prognostic model for OS, including the 6-week COP-NLR, will be useful in decision-making to continue sunitinib in the early treatment stage of patients with mRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miki Takenaka Sato
- grid.410714.70000 0000 8864 3422Division of Pharmacotherapeutics, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Showa University School of Pharmacy, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8555 Japan
| | - Ayuki Ida
- grid.410714.70000 0000 8864 3422Division of Pharmacotherapeutics, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Showa University School of Pharmacy, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8555 Japan
| | - Yuki Kanda
- grid.410714.70000 0000 8864 3422Division of Pharmacotherapeutics, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Showa University School of Pharmacy, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8555 Japan
| | - Kaori Takano
- grid.410714.70000 0000 8864 3422Division of Pharmacotherapeutics, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Showa University School of Pharmacy, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8555 Japan
| | - Masayuki Ohbayashi
- grid.410714.70000 0000 8864 3422Division of Pharmacotherapeutics, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Showa University School of Pharmacy, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8555 Japan
| | - Noriko Kohyama
- grid.410714.70000 0000 8864 3422Division of Pharmacotherapeutics, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Showa University School of Pharmacy, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8555 Japan
| | - Jun Morita
- grid.410714.70000 0000 8864 3422Department of Urology, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kohzo Fuji
- grid.482675.a0000 0004 1768 957XDepartment of Urology, Showa University Northern Yokohama Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Haruaki Sasaki
- grid.412808.70000 0004 1764 9041Department of Urology, Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yoshio Ogawa
- grid.410714.70000 0000 8864 3422Department of Urology, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mari Kogo
- grid.410714.70000 0000 8864 3422Division of Pharmacotherapeutics, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Showa University School of Pharmacy, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8555 Japan
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27
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Coca-Pelaz A, Rodrigo JP, Lopez F, Shah JP, Silver CE, Al Ghuzlan A, Menke-van der Houven van Oordt CW, Smallridge RC, Shaha AR, Angelos P, Mendenhall WM, Piazza C, Olsen KD, Corry J, Tufano RP, Sanabria A, Nuyts S, Nathan CA, Vander Poorten V, Dias FL, Suarez C, Saba NF, de Graaf P, Williams MD, Rinaldo A, Ferlito A. Evaluating new treatments for anaplastic thyroid cancer. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2022; 22:1239-1247. [PMID: 36283091 DOI: 10.1080/14737140.2022.2139680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is one of the most lethal diseases known to humans with a median survival of 5 months. The American Thyroid Association (ATA) recently published guidelines for the treatment of this dreadful thyroid malignancy. AREAS COVERED This review presents the current therapeutic landscape of this challenging disease. We also present the results from trials published over the last five years and summarize currently active clinical trials. EXPERT OPINION Recent attempts to improve the prognosis of these tumors are moving toward personalized medicine, basing the treatment decision on the specific genetic profile of the individual tumor. The positive results of dabrafenib and trametinib for ATC harboring the BRAF V600E mutation have provided a useful treatment option. For the other genetic profiles, different drugs are available and can be used to individualize the treatment, likely using drug combinations. Combinations of drugs act on different molecular pathways and achieve inhibition at separate areas. With new targeted therapies, average survival has improved considerably and death from local disease progression or airway compromise is less likely with improvement in quality of life. Unfortunately, the results remain poor in terms of survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Coca-Pelaz
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, University of Oviedo, ISPA, IUOPA, CIBERONC, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Juan P Rodrigo
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, University of Oviedo, ISPA, IUOPA, CIBERONC, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Fernando Lopez
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, University of Oviedo, ISPA, IUOPA, CIBERONC, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Jatin P Shah
- Head and Neck Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Carl E Silver
- Departments of Surgery and Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Abir Al Ghuzlan
- Department of Medical Biology and Pathology, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - C Willemien Menke-van der Houven van Oordt
- Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam Center for Endocrine and Neuro Endocrine Tumors (ACcENT), Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Imaging and Biomarkers, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Ashok R Shaha
- Head and Neck Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Peter Angelos
- Department of Surgery and MacLean Center for Clinical Medical Ethics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - William M Mendenhall
- Department of Radiation Oncology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Cesare Piazza
- Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| | - Kerry D Olsen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - June Corry
- Department Radiation Oncology, GenesisCare St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ralph P Tufano
- FPG Thyroid and Parathyroid Center, Division of Head and Neck Endocrine Surgery, The Sarasota Memorial Health Care System, Sarasota, FL, USA
| | - Alvaro Sanabria
- Department of Surgery, Universidad de Antioquia, CEXCA Centro de Excelencia en Enfermedades de Cabeza y cuello, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Sandra Nuyts
- Laboratory of Experimental Radiotherapy, Department of Oncology, University of Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Leuven Cancer Institute, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Cherie-Ann Nathan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Louisiana State University-Health Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Vincent Vander Poorten
- Department of Oncology, Section Head and Neck Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven Cancer Institute, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Fernando Luiz Dias
- Head and Neck Surgery Section, Instituto Nacional do Câncer (INCA), Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Carlos Suarez
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, IUOPA, CIBERONC, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Nabil F Saba
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, The Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Pim de Graaf
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Michelle D Williams
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Alfio Ferlito
- Coordinator of the International Head Neck Scientific Group, Padua, Italy
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McClellan K, Chen EY, Kardosh A, Lopez CD, Del Rivero J, Mallak N, Rocha FG, Koethe Y, Pommier R, Mittra E, Pegna GJ. Therapy Resistant Gastroenteropancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:4769. [PMID: 36230691 PMCID: PMC9563314 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14194769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (GEP-NETs) are a heterogenous group of malignancies originating from neuroendocrine cells of the gastrointestinal tract, the incidence of which has been increasing for several decades. While there has been significant progress in the development of therapeutic options for patients with advanced or metastatic disease, these remain limited both in quantity and durability of benefit. This review examines the latest research elucidating the mechanisms of both up-front resistance and the eventual development of resistance to the primary systemic therapeutic options including somatostatin analogues, peptide receptor radionuclide therapy with lutetium Lu 177 dotatate, everolimus, sunitinib, and temozolomide-based chemotherapy. Further, potential strategies for overcoming these mechanisms of resistance are reviewed in addition to a comprehensive review of ongoing and planned clinical trials addressing this important challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen McClellan
- School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Emerson Y. Chen
- Division of Hematology Oncology, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Adel Kardosh
- Division of Hematology Oncology, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Charles D. Lopez
- Division of Hematology Oncology, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Jaydira Del Rivero
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Nadine Mallak
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Therapy, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Flavio G. Rocha
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Yilun Koethe
- Dotter Department of Interventional Radiology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Rodney Pommier
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Erik Mittra
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Therapy, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Guillaume J. Pegna
- Division of Hematology Oncology, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
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Eptaminitaki GC, Stellas D, Bonavida B, Baritaki S. Long Non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) signaling in Cancer Chemoresistance: From Prediction to Druggability. Drug Resist Updat 2022; 65:100866. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2022.100866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Ivan BC, Barbuceanu SF, Hotnog CM, Anghel AI, Ancuceanu RV, Mihaila MA, Brasoveanu LI, Shova S, Draghici C, Olaru OT, Nitulescu GM, Dinu M, Dumitrascu F. New Pyrrole Derivatives as Promising Biological Agents: Design, Synthesis, Characterization, In Silico, and Cytotoxicity Evaluation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:8854. [PMID: 36012121 PMCID: PMC9408590 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23168854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The current study describes the synthesis, physicochemical characterization and cytotoxicity evaluation of a new series of pyrrole derivatives in order to identify new bioactive molecules. The new pyrroles were obtained by reaction of benzimidazolium bromide derivatives with asymmetrical acetylenes in 1,2-epoxybutane under reflux through the Huisgen [3 + 2] cycloaddition of several ylide intermediates to the corresponding dipolarophiles. The intermediates salts were obtained from corresponding benzimidazole with bromoacetonitrile. The structures of the newly synthesized compounds were confirmed by elemental analysis, spectral techniques (i.e., IR, 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR) and single-crystal X-ray analysis. The cytotoxicity of the synthesized compounds was evaluated on plant cells (i.e., Triticum aestivum L.) and animal cells using aquatic crustaceans (i.e., Artemia franciscana Kellogg and Daphnia magna Straus). The potential antitumor activity of several of the pyrrole derivatives was studied by performing in vitro cytotoxicity assays on human adenocarcinoma-derived cell lines (i.e., LoVo (colon), MCF-7 (breast), and SK-OV-3 (ovary)) and normal human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). The obtained results of the cytotoxicity assessment indicated that the tested compounds had nontoxic activity on Triticum aestivum L., while on Artemia franciscana Kellogg nauplii, only compounds 2c and 4c had moderate toxicity. On Daphnia magna, 4b and 4c showed high toxicity; 2a, 2b, and 2c moderate to high toxicity; only 4a and 4d were nontoxic. The compound-mediated cytotoxicity assays showed that several pyrrole compounds demonstrated dose- and time-dependent cytotoxic activity against all tested tumor cell lines, the highest antitumor properties being achieved by 4a and its homologue 4d, especially against LoVo colon cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice-Cristina Ivan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Traian Vuia Street, 020956 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Stefania-Felicia Barbuceanu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Traian Vuia Street, 020956 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Camelia Mia Hotnog
- Center of Immunology, “Stefan S. Nicolau” Institute of Virology, Romanian Academy, 285 Mihai Bravu Ave., 030304 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Adriana Iuliana Anghel
- Faculty of Pharmacy, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Traian Vuia Street, 020956 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Robert Viorel Ancuceanu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Traian Vuia Street, 020956 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mirela Antonela Mihaila
- Center of Immunology, “Stefan S. Nicolau” Institute of Virology, Romanian Academy, 285 Mihai Bravu Ave., 030304 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Lorelei Irina Brasoveanu
- Center of Immunology, “Stefan S. Nicolau” Institute of Virology, Romanian Academy, 285 Mihai Bravu Ave., 030304 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Sergiu Shova
- Laboratory of Inorganic Polymers, “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Aleea Grigore Ghica Voda, 41A, 700487 Iasi, Romania
| | - Constantin Draghici
- “C.D. Nenitescu” Institute of Organic and Supramolecular Chemistry Romanian Academy, 202B Splaiul Independenței, 060023 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Octavian Tudorel Olaru
- Faculty of Pharmacy, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Traian Vuia Street, 020956 Bucharest, Romania
| | - George Mihai Nitulescu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Traian Vuia Street, 020956 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mihaela Dinu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Traian Vuia Street, 020956 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Florea Dumitrascu
- “C.D. Nenitescu” Institute of Organic and Supramolecular Chemistry Romanian Academy, 202B Splaiul Independenței, 060023 Bucharest, Romania
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Elwan A, Abdallah AE, Mahdy HA, Dahab MA, Taghour MS, Elkaeed EB, Mehany ABM, Nabeeh A, Adel M, Alsfouk AA, Elkady H, Eissa IH. Modified Benzoxazole-Based VEGFR-2 Inhibitors and Apoptosis Inducers: Design, Synthesis, and Anti-Proliferative Evaluation. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27155047. [PMID: 35956997 PMCID: PMC9370530 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27155047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This work is one of our efforts to discover potent anticancer agents. We modified the most promising derivative of our previous work concerned with the development of VEGFR-2 inhibitor candidates. Thirteen new compounds based on benzoxazole moiety were synthesized and evaluated against three human cancer cell lines, namely, breast cancer (MCF-7), colorectal carcinoma (HCT116), and hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2). The synthesized compounds were also evaluated against VEGFR-2 kinase activity. The biological testing fallouts showed that compound 8d was more potent than standard sorafenib. Such compound showed IC50 values of 3.43, 2.79, and 2.43 µM against the aforementioned cancer cell lines, respectively, compared to IC50 values of 4.21, 5.30, and 3.40 µM reported for sorafenib. Compound 8d also was found to exert exceptional VEGFR-2 inhibition activity with an IC50 value of 0.0554 μM compared to sorafenib (0.0782 μM). In addition, compound 8h revealed excellent cytotoxic effects with IC50 values of 3.53, 2.94, and 2.76 µM against experienced cell lines, respectively. Furthermore, compounds 8a and 8e were found to inhibit VEGFR-2 kinase activity with IC50 values of 0.0579 and 0.0741 μM, exceeding that of sorafenib. Compound 8d showed a significant apoptotic effect and arrested the HepG2 cells at the pre-G1 phase. In addition, it exerted a significant inhibition for TNF-α (90.54%) and of IL-6 (92.19%) compared to dexamethasone (93.15%). The molecular docking studies showed that the binding pattern of the new compounds to VEGFR-2 kinase was similar to that of sorafenib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa Elwan
- Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry & Drug Design Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt
| | - Abdallah E. Abdallah
- Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry & Drug Design Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt
| | - Hazem A. Mahdy
- Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry & Drug Design Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt
| | - Mohammed A. Dahab
- Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry & Drug Design Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt
| | - Mohammed S. Taghour
- Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry & Drug Design Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt
- Correspondence: (M.S.T.); (H.E.); (I.H.E.)
| | - Eslam B. Elkaeed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, AlMaarefa University, Riyadh 13713, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed B. M. Mehany
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Nabeeh
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt
| | - Mohammed Adel
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt
| | - Aisha A. Alsfouk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hazem Elkady
- Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry & Drug Design Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt
- Correspondence: (M.S.T.); (H.E.); (I.H.E.)
| | - Ibrahim H. Eissa
- Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry & Drug Design Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt
- Correspondence: (M.S.T.); (H.E.); (I.H.E.)
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Boosting the Anticancer Activity of Sunitinib Malate in Breast Cancer through Lipid Polymer Hybrid Nanoparticles Approach. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14122459. [PMID: 35746034 PMCID: PMC9227860 DOI: 10.3390/polym14122459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In the current study, lipid-polymer hybrid nanoparticles (LPHNPs) fabricated with lipoid-90H and chitosan, sunitinib malate (SM), an anticancer drug was loaded using lecithin as a stabilizer by employing emulsion solvent evaporation technique. Four formulations (SLPN1-SLPN4) were developed by varying the concentration of chitosan polymer. Based on particle characterization, SLPN4 was optimized with size (439 ± 5.8 nm), PDI (0.269), ZP (+34 ± 5.3 mV), and EE (83.03 ± 4.9%). Further, the optimized formulation was characterized by FTIR, DSC, XRD, SEM, and in vitro release studies. In-vitro release of the drug from SPN4 was found to be 84.11 ± 2.54% as compared with pure drug SM 24.13 ± 2.67%; in 48 h, release kinetics followed the Korsmeyer-Peppas model with Fickian release mechanism. The SLPN4 exhibited a potent cytotoxicity against MCF-7 breast cancer, as evident by caspase 3, 9, and p53 activities. According to the findings, SM-loaded LPHNPs might be a promising therapy option for breast cancer.
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Broggini T, Stange L, Lucia KE, Vajkoczy P, Czabanka M. Endothelial EphrinB2 Regulates Sunitinib Therapy Response in Murine Glioma. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12050691. [PMID: 35629359 PMCID: PMC9146972 DOI: 10.3390/life12050691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular guidance is critical in developmental vasculogenesis and pathological angiogenesis. Brain tumors are strongly vascularized, and antiangiogenic therapy was anticipated to exhibit a strong anti-tumor effect in this tumor type. However, vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) specific inhibition had no significant impact in clinical practice of gliomas. More research is needed to understand the failure of this therapeutic approach. EphrinB2 has been found to directly interact with vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) and regulate its activity. Here we analyzed the expression of ephrinB2 and EphB4 in human glioma, we observed vascular localization of ephrinB2 in physiology and pathology and found a significant survival reduction in patients with elevated ephrinB2 tumor expression. Induced endothelial specific depletion of ephrinB2 in the adult mouse (efnb2i∆EC) had no effect on the quiescent vascular system of the brain. However, we found glioma growth and perfusion altered in efnb2i∆EC animals similar to the effects observed with antiangiogenic therapy. No additional anti-tumor effect was observed in efnb2i∆EC animals treated with antiangiogenic therapy. Our data indicate that ephrinB2 and VEGFR2 converge on the same pathway and intervention with either molecule results in a reduction in angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Broggini
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Frankfurt, 60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (L.S.); (K.E.L.); (M.C.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Lena Stange
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Frankfurt, 60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (L.S.); (K.E.L.); (M.C.)
| | - Kristin Elizabeth Lucia
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Frankfurt, 60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (L.S.); (K.E.L.); (M.C.)
| | - Peter Vajkoczy
- Department of Neurosurgery, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Marcus Czabanka
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Frankfurt, 60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (L.S.); (K.E.L.); (M.C.)
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Role of Anti-Angiogenic Factors in the Pathogenesis of Breast Cancer: A Review of Therapeutic Potential. Pathol Res Pract 2022; 236:153956. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2022.153956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Abstract
Over the past 20 years, gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) has evolved into an increasingly complex clinical entity with ever more challenges. While surgical resection is the gold standard, advancements in genetic testing, therapeutic options, immunotherapy, and management of metastatic disease necessitate a comprehensive, multimodal approach for these tumors. This chapter highlights the importance of genomic testing of GIST, the use of neoadjuvant and adjuvant therapy for localized disease, surgical principles for GIST, as well as current and new approaches for addressing metastatic disease.
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Sunitinib and Pterostilbene Combination Treatment Exerts Antitumor Effects in Gastric Cancer via Suppression of PDZD8. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23074002. [PMID: 35409367 PMCID: PMC8999764 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23074002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of molecular-targeted drugs in the treatment of gastric cancer is increasing. However, the variety of molecular-targeted drugs in gastric cancer is still limited, and the development of new molecular-targeted therapies is required. The effect of combining sunitinib (SUN) with pterostilbene (PTE) on the human gastric cancer cell lines TMK1 and MKN74 was examined in in vitro and in vivo. Compared with SUN or PTE treatment alone, cotreatment induced pronounced suppression of cell proliferation, with a marked increase in oxidative stress. SUN was associated with a significant retention of mitochondrial Fe2+. SUN-treated cells decreased expression of PDZ domain-containing protein 8 (PDZD8). Knockdown of PDZD8 in both cells induced Fe2+ retention, and siPDZD8+PTE markedly suppressed cell proliferation with suppressed oxidative phosphorylation, as did the combination of SUN+PTE. In a nude mouse tumor model, a pronounced antitumor effect was observed with SUN+PTE treatment compared to SUN alone. PDZD8 may be a newly discovered off-target for SUN, and that the combined use of PTE with SUN significantly promotes antitumor activity in gastric cancer cell lines. The combined use of SUN and PTE might be a new molecular-targeted therapy for gastric cancer.
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Tregnago C, Benetton M, Da Ros A, Borella G, Longo G, Polato K, Francescato S, Biffi A, Pigazzi M. Novel Compounds Synergize With Venetoclax to Target KMT2A-Rearranged Pediatric Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:820191. [PMID: 35153769 PMCID: PMC8830338 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.820191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In pediatric acute myeloid leukemia (AML), fusions involving lysine methyltransferase 2A (KMT2A) are considered hallmarks of aggressive AML, for whom the development of targeted specific therapeutic agents to ameliorate classic chemotherapy and obtain a complete eradication of disease is urgent. In this study, we investigated the antiapoptotic proteins in a cohort of 66 pediatric AML patients, finding that 75% of the KMT2A-r are distributed in Q3 + Q4 quartiles of BCL-2 expression, and KMT2A-r have statistically significant high levels of BCL-2, phospho-BCL-2 S70, and MCL-1, indicating a high anti-apoptotic pathway activation. In an attempt to target it, we tested novel drug combinations of venetoclax, a B-cell lymphoma-2 (BCL-2) inhibitor, in KMT2A-MLLT3, for being the most recurrent, and KMT2A-AFDN, for mediating the worst prognosis, rearranged AML cell lines. Our screening revealed that both the bromodomain and extra-terminal domain (BET) inhibitor, I-BET151, and kinase inhibitor, sunitinib, decreased the BCL-2 family protein expression and significantly synergized with venetoclax, enhancing KMT2A-r AML cell line death. Blasts t (6; 11) KMT2A-AFDN rearranged, both from cell lines and primary samples, were shown to be significantly highly responsive to the combination of venetoclax and thioridazine, with the synergy being induced by a dramatic increase of mitochondrial depolarization that triggered blast apoptosis. Finally, the efficacy of novel combined drug treatments was confirmed in KMT2A-r AML cell lines or ex vivo primary KMT2A-r AML samples cultured in a three-dimensional system which mimics the bone marrow niche. Overall, this study identified that, by high-throughput screening, the most KMT2A-selective drugs converged in different but all mitochondrial apoptotic network activation, supporting the use of venetoclax in this AML setting. The novel drug combinations here unveiled provide a rationale for evaluating these combinations in preclinical studies to accelerate the introduction of targeted therapies for the life-threatening KMT2A-AML subgroup of pediatric AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Tregnago
- Pediatric Haematology-Oncology and Hematopoietic Cell and Gene Therapy Division, Woman and Child Health Department, University-Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Maddalena Benetton
- Pediatric Haematology-Oncology and Hematopoietic Cell and Gene Therapy Division, Woman and Child Health Department, University-Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Ambra Da Ros
- Pediatric Haematology-Oncology and Hematopoietic Cell and Gene Therapy Division, Woman and Child Health Department, University-Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Giulia Borella
- Pediatric Haematology-Oncology and Hematopoietic Cell and Gene Therapy Division, Woman and Child Health Department, University-Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Giorgia Longo
- Pediatric Haematology-Oncology and Hematopoietic Cell and Gene Therapy Division, Woman and Child Health Department, University-Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Katia Polato
- Pediatric Haematology-Oncology and Hematopoietic Cell and Gene Therapy Division, Woman and Child Health Department, University-Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Samuela Francescato
- Pediatric Haematology-Oncology and Hematopoietic Cell and Gene Therapy Division, Woman and Child Health Department, University-Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Alessandra Biffi
- Pediatric Haematology-Oncology and Hematopoietic Cell and Gene Therapy Division, Woman and Child Health Department, University-Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Martina Pigazzi
- Pediatric Haematology-Oncology and Hematopoietic Cell and Gene Therapy Division, Woman and Child Health Department, University-Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy
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Indolin-2-one derivatives as selective Aurora B kinase inhibitors targeting breast cancer. Bioorg Chem 2021; 117:105451. [PMID: 34736137 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.105451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Aurora B is a pivotal cell cycle regulator where errors in its function results in polyploidy, genetic instability, and tumorigenesis. It is overexpressed in many cancers, consequently, targeting Aurora B with small molecule inhibitors constitutes a promising approach for anticancer therapy. Guided by structure-based design and molecular hybridization approach we developed a series of fifteen indolin-2-one derivatives based on a previously reported indolin-2-one-based multikinase inhibitor (1). Seven derivatives, 5g, 6a, 6c-e, 7, and 8a showed preferential antiproliferative activity in NCI-60 cell line screening and out of these, carbamate 6e and cyclopropylurea 8a derivatives showed optimum activity against Aurora B (IC50 = 16.2 and 10.5 nM respectively) and MDA-MB-468 cells (IC50 = 32.6 ± 9.9 and 29.1 ± 7.3 nM respectively). Furthermore, 6e and 8a impaired the clonogenic potential of MDA-MB-468 cells. Mechanistic investigations indicated that 6e and 8a induced G2/M cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, and necrosis of MDA-MB-468 cells and western blot analysis of 8a effect on MDA-MB-468 cells revealed 8a's ability to reduce Aurora B and its downstream target, Histone H3 phosphorylation. 6e and 8a displayed better safety profiles than multikinase inhibitors such as sunitinib, showing no cytotoxic effects on normal rat cardiomyoblasts and murine hepatocytes. Finally, 8a demonstrated a more selective profile than 1 when screened against ten related kinases. Based on these findings, 8a represents a promising candidate for further development to target breast cancer via Aurora B selective inhibition.
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Akbaslar D, Giray ES, Algul O. Revisit to the synthesis of 1,2,3,4-tetrasubstituted pyrrole derivatives in lactic acid media as a green solvent and catalyst. Mol Divers 2021; 25:2321-2338. [PMID: 32980995 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-020-10122-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In this study, for the first time, lactic acid was used as a bio-based green catalyst and reaction medium for the synthesis of 1,2,3,4-tetrasubstituted pyrrole derivatives from one-pot three-component reaction of commercially available primary amines, 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds, and trans-β-nitrostyrene at room temperature. Thirty-three corresponding pyrroles, of which eight are novel and have been reported for the first time, were synthesized in high to excellent yields in lactic acid media and characterized by spectroscopic analysis. In all examined cases, lactic acid represented many advantages, including shorter reaction time, ease of product isolation, higher yields, no by-products, no chromatographic process, and lower volatility in the reaction. This bio-based green solvent can also be recycled and reused three times without loss of its efficiency as a catalyst and solvent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilek Akbaslar
- Department of Chemistry, Art and Science Faculty, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | - E Sultan Giray
- Department of Chemistry, Art and Science Faculty, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey.
| | - Oztekin Algul
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey.
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Borah B, Dwivedi KD, Chowhan LR. Recent Advances in Metal‐ and Organocatalyzed Asymmetric Functionalization of Pyrroles. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202100427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Biplob Borah
- School of Applied Material Sciences Centre for Applied Chemistry Central University of Gujarat Sector-30 Gandhinagar 382030 India
| | - Kartikey Dhar Dwivedi
- School of Applied Material Sciences Centre for Applied Chemistry Central University of Gujarat Sector-30 Gandhinagar 382030 India
| | - L. Raju Chowhan
- School of Applied Material Sciences Centre for Applied Chemistry Central University of Gujarat Sector-30 Gandhinagar 382030 India
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Nielsen CDT, Zivkovic FG, Schoenebeck F. Synthesis of N-CF 3 Alkynamides and Derivatives Enabled by Ni-Catalyzed Alkynylation of N-CF 3 Carbamoyl Fluorides. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:13029-13033. [PMID: 34428910 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c07780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The expansion of chemical space associated with ubiquitous motifs is key to unleash new properties and functions. In this context, alkynamides, prevalent in numerous drugs and materials, represent an untapped resource. We herein report the first synthetic access to N-trifluoromethyl alkynamides. Our strategy relies on a mild and operationally simple Ni-catalyzed coupling of N-CF3 carbamoyl fluorides with alkynyl silanes. The synthesized N-CF3 alkynamides proved to be highly robust and readily functioned as a platform to unlock access to valuable derivatives, such as N-CF3 decorated alkenyl amides, oxindoles, or quinolones, all of which were inaccessible to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian D-T Nielsen
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Filip G Zivkovic
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Franziska Schoenebeck
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
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Acute motor neuropathy with quadriparesis following treatment with triple tyrosine kinase inhibitor, nintedanib. Respir Med Case Rep 2021; 34:101472. [PMID: 34354919 PMCID: PMC8321914 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmcr.2021.101472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a rare progressive interstitial lung disease characterized by declining lung function, worsening dyspnea and poor prognosis with median survival of 3–5 years. IPF predominantly affects people over 60 years, it however has worse prognosis in younger patients with genetic predisposition like short telomere syndrome. Nintedanib, one of two anti-fibrotic therapies approved for IPF treatment has occasional neurological side effects like fatigue, dizziness and headaches. Significant polyneuropathy or motor dysfunction is rarely seen. This case report illustrates a patient who developed quadriparesis following initiation of Nintedanib.
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Alanazi MM, Mahdy HA, Alsaif NA, Obaidullah AJ, Alkahtani HM, Al-Mehizia AA, Alsubaie SM, Dahab MA, Eissa IH. New bis([1,2,4]triazolo)[4,3-a:3',4'-c]quinoxaline derivatives as VEGFR-2 inhibitors and apoptosis inducers: Design, synthesis, in silico studies, and anticancer evaluation. Bioorg Chem 2021; 112:104949. [PMID: 34023640 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.104949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A new series of bis([1,2,4]triazolo)[4,3-a:3',4'-c]quinoxaline derivatives were designed and synthesized to have the main essential pharmacophoric features of VEGFR-2 inhibitors. VEGFR-2 inhibitory activities were assessed for the designed compounds. In addition, cytotoxic activity was evaluated for all derivatives against two human cancer cell lines namely, HepG-2 and MCF-7. The most cytotoxic compound 20 h was subjected to further biological investigations including cell cycle, apoptosis, caspase-3, caspase-9, BAX, and Bcl-2 analyses. Different in silico studies as docking, ADMET and toxicity were carried out. The results exhibited that compounds 20b, 20e, 20h and20mshowed promising VEGFR-2 inhibitory activities with IC50values of 5.7, 6.7, 3.2, and 3.1 µM, respectively. Moreover, these promising members exhibited the highest antiproliferative activities against the two cell lines with IC50values ranging from 3.3 to 14.2 µM, comparing to sorafenib (IC50 = 2.17 and 3.43 µM against HepG2 and MCF-7, respectively). Additionally, compound 20h induced cell cycle arrest of HepG2 cells at G2/M phase. Also, such compound increased the progress of apoptosis by 3.5-fold compared to the control. As well, compound 20h showed a significant increase in the level of caspase-3 (2.07-fold), caspase-9 (1.72-fold), and BAX (1.83-fold), and a significant decrease in Bcl-2 level (1.92-fold). The in silico studies revealed that the synthesized compounds have binding pattern like that of sorafenib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed M Alanazi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Hazem A Mahdy
- Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry & Drug Design Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt
| | - Nawaf A Alsaif
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad J Obaidullah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hamad M Alkahtani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman A Al-Mehizia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sultan M Alsubaie
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A Dahab
- Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry & Drug Design Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt.
| | - Ibrahim H Eissa
- Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry & Drug Design Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt.
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Demlová R, Turjap M, Peš O, Kostolanská K, Juřica J. Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Sunitinib in Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors and Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma in Adults-A Review. Ther Drug Monit 2021; 42:20-32. [PMID: 31259881 DOI: 10.1097/ftd.0000000000000663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sunitinib is an inhibitor of multiple receptor tyrosine kinases and is a standard-of-care treatment for advanced and metastatic renal cell carcinoma and a second-line treatment in locally advanced inoperable and metastatic gastrointestinal stromal tumors. A fixed dose of the drug, however, does not produce a uniform therapeutic outcome in all patients, and many face adverse effects and/or toxicity. One of the possible causes of the interindividual variability in the efficacy and toxicity response is the highly variable systemic exposure to sunitinib and its active metabolite. This review aims to summarize all available clinical evidence of the treatment of adult patients using sunitinib in approved indications, addressing the necessity to introduce proper and robust therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of sunitinib and its major metabolite, N-desethylsunitinib. METHODS The authors performed a systematic search of the available scientific literature using the PubMed online database. The search terms were "sunitinib" AND "therapeutic drug monitoring" OR "TDM" OR "plasma levels" OR "concentration" OR "exposure." The search yielded 520 journal articles. In total, 447 publications were excluded because they lacked sufficient relevance to the reviewed topic. The remaining 73 articles were, together with currently valid guidelines, thoroughly reviewed. RESULTS There is sufficient evidence confirming the concentration-efficacy and concentration-toxicity relationship in the indications of gastrointestinal stromal tumors and metastatic renal clear-cell carcinoma. For optimal therapeutic response, total (sunitinib + N-desethylsunitinib) trough levels of 50-100 ng/mL serve as a reasonable target therapeutic range. To avoid toxicity, the total trough levels should not exceed 100 ng/mL. CONCLUSIONS According to the current evidence presented in this review, a TDM-guided dose modification of sunitinib in selected groups of patients could provide a better treatment outcome while simultaneously preventing sunitinib toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina Demlová
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, Masaryk University, Brno
| | - Miroslav Turjap
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University Hospital Ostrava, Ostrava
| | - Ondřej Peš
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Masaryk University
| | | | - Jan Juřica
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, Masaryk University, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute; and.,Department of Human Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
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Sunitinib Combined with Th1 Cytokines Potentiates Apoptosis in Human Breast Cancer Cells and Suppresses Tumor Growth in a Murine Model of HER-2 pos Breast Cancer. Int J Breast Cancer 2021; 2021:8818393. [PMID: 33936816 PMCID: PMC8062178 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8818393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Although immune-based therapies have made remarkable inroads in cancer treatment, they usually must be combined with standard treatment modalities, including cytotoxic drugs, to achieve maximal clinical benefits. As immunotherapies are further advanced and refined, considerable efforts will be required to identify combination therapies that will maximize clinical responses while simultaneously decreasing the unpleasant and sometimes life-threatening side effects of standard therapy. Over the last two decades, evidence has emerged that Th1 cytokines can play a central role in protective antitumor immunity and that combinations of Th1 cytokines can induce senescence and apoptosis in cancer cells. To explore the possibility of combining targeted drugs with Th1-polarizing vaccines, we undertook a study to examine the impact of combining Th1 cytokines with the relatively broad-spectrum receptor tyrosine kinase antagonist, sunitinib. We found that when a panel of five phenotypically diverse human breast cancer cell lines was subjected to treatment with sunitinib plus recombinant Th1 cytokines IFN-γ and TNF-α, synergistic effects were observed across a number of parameters including different aspects of apoptotic cell death. Interestingly, sunitinib was found to have a profoundly suppressive effect of T cell's capacity to secrete IFN-γ, indicating that in vivo use of this drug may hinder robust Th1 responses. Nonetheless, this suppression was circumvented in a mouse model of HER-2pos breast disease by supplying recombinant interferon-gamma to achieve a combination therapy significantly more potent than either agent.
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Borah B, Dwivedi KD, Chowhan LR. Recent approaches in the organocatalytic synthesis of pyrroles. RSC Adv 2021; 11:13585-13601. [PMID: 35423869 PMCID: PMC8697526 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra01690c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Organocatalysis has emerged as one of the most important tools for the synthesis of diverse structural scaffolds, and has become one of the most important hot topics of current research. Construction of the pyrrole ring has gained much attention from the last few decades due to its remarkable biological activities, pharmaceutical application, intermediate in the synthesis of many natural products, and material science application. With access to these 5-membered aza heterocycles, organocatalytic approaches have provided a new alternative from the perspective of synthetic efficiency, as well as from the green chemistry point of view, and a vast array of synthetic procedures has been developed. Enlightened by the significance of this growing research area, we aim to describe the recent organocatalytic approaches developed for the construction of pyrroles, and organized them based on substrates employed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biplob Borah
- School of Applied Material Sciences, Centre for Applied Chemistry, Central University of Gujarat Gandhinagar 382030 India
| | - Kartikey Dhar Dwivedi
- School of Applied Material Sciences, Centre for Applied Chemistry, Central University of Gujarat Gandhinagar 382030 India
| | - L Raju Chowhan
- School of Applied Material Sciences, Centre for Applied Chemistry, Central University of Gujarat Gandhinagar 382030 India
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Valdivia G, Alonso-Diez Á, Pérez-Alenza D, Peña L. From Conventional to Precision Therapy in Canine Mammary Cancer: A Comprehensive Review. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:623800. [PMID: 33681329 PMCID: PMC7925635 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.623800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Canine mammary tumors (CMTs) are the most common neoplasm in intact female dogs. Canine mammary cancer (CMC) represents 50% of CMTs, and besides surgery, which is the elective treatment, additional targeted and non-targeted therapies could offer benefits in terms of survival to these patients. Also, CMC is considered a good spontaneous intermediate animal model for the research of human breast cancer (HBC), and therefore, the study of new treatments for CMC is a promising field in comparative oncology. Dogs with CMC have a comparable disease, an intact immune system, and a much shorter life span, which allows the achievement of results in a relatively short time. Besides conventional chemotherapy, innovative therapies have a large niche of opportunities. In this article, a comprehensive review of the current research in adjuvant therapies for CMC is conducted to gather available information and evaluate the perspectives. Firstly, updates are provided on the clinical-pathological approach and the use of conventional therapies, to delve later into precision therapies against therapeutic targets such as hormone receptors, tyrosine kinase receptors, p53 tumor suppressor gene, cyclooxygenases, the signaling pathways involved in epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and immunotherapy in different approaches. A comparison of the different investigations on targeted therapies in HBC is also carried out. In the last years, the increasing number of basic research studies of new promising therapeutic agents on CMC cell lines and CMC mouse xenografts is outstanding. As the main conclusion of this review, the lack of effort to bring the in vitro studies into the field of applied clinical research emerges. There is a great need for well-planned large prospective randomized clinical trials in dogs with CMC to obtain valid results for both species, humans and dogs, on the use of new therapies. Following the One Health concept, human and veterinary oncology will have to join forces to take advantage of both the economic and technological resources that are invested in HBC research, together with the innumerable advantages of dogs with CMC as a spontaneous animal model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Valdivia
- Department Animal Medicine, Surgery and Pathology, Veterinary School, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Mammary Oncology Unit, Complutense Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ángela Alonso-Diez
- Department Animal Medicine, Surgery and Pathology, Veterinary School, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Mammary Oncology Unit, Complutense Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Dolores Pérez-Alenza
- Department Animal Medicine, Surgery and Pathology, Veterinary School, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Mammary Oncology Unit, Complutense Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Peña
- Department Animal Medicine, Surgery and Pathology, Veterinary School, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Mammary Oncology Unit, Complutense Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Hernández IB, Kromhout JZ, Teske E, Hennink WE, van Nimwegen SA, Oliveira S. Molecular targets for anticancer therapies in companion animals and humans: what can we learn from each other? Theranostics 2021; 11:3882-3897. [PMID: 33664868 PMCID: PMC7914358 DOI: 10.7150/thno.55760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite clinical successes in the treatment of some early stage cancers, it is undeniable that novel and innovative approaches are needed to aid in the fight against cancer. Targeted therapies offer the desirable feature of tumor specificity while sparing healthy tissues, thereby minimizing side effects. However, the success rate of translation of these therapies from the preclinical setting to the clinic is dramatically low, highlighting an important point of necessary improvement in the drug development process in the oncology field. The practice of a comparative oncology approach can address some of the current issues, by introducing companion animals with spontaneous tumors in the linear drug development programs. In this way, animals from the veterinary clinic get access to novel/innovative therapies, otherwise inaccessible, while generating robust data to aid therapy refinement and increase translational success. In this review, we present an overview of targetable membrane proteins expressed in the most well-characterized canine and feline solid cancers, greatly resembling the counterpart human malignancies. We identified particular areas in which a closer collaboration between the human and veterinary clinic would benefit both human and veterinary patients. Considerations and challenges to implement comparative oncology in the development of anticancer targeted therapies are also discussed.
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Jafari E, Amini AL, Ahmadzadehfar H, Bagheri D, Assadi M. Cardiotoxicity and cardiac monitoring following the use of radiotheranostics agents including 177Lu-PSMA for prostate cancer and 177Lu-DOTATATE for neuroendocrine tumors. Nuklearmedizin 2021; 60:99-105. [PMID: 33461224 DOI: 10.1055/a-1332-8230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to determine the probable cardiotoxicity following radionuclide therapy (RNT), specifically peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) with 177Lu-DOTATATE and radioligand therapy (RLT) with 177Lu-PSMA by evaluation of serum troponin I and cardiac profile change during a follow-up time. MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients with prostate cancer and neuroendocrine tumours (NETs) referred for PRRT and RLT, respectively, were enrolled in this study. The cardiac profiles of the patients were evaluated by a cardiologist and a cardiac history was obtained from all patients. Also, troponin I was measured before and 48 hours after treatment. RESULTS In this retrospective study for assessment of RLT associated cardiotoxicity, 24 patients were evaluated with a median age of 64 years (27-99 years) including 13 NET patients and 11 prostate cancer patients. Patients were followed up for 4 to 31 months which no cardiovascular problem was observed. In evaluation of troponin I, 39 RNT cycles were evaluated. In all patients, the value of troponin I was in normal range. In all patients, the median values of serum troponin I before and after treatment were 0.2 ± 0.02 (range: 0.00-0.42) and 0.28 ± 0.02 (range: 0.00-0.46) ng/ml, respectively (p > 0.05). In the prostate cancer patients, the median values of serum troponin I before and after treatment were 0.26 ± 0.04 (0.04-0.42) and 0.30 ± 0.04 (0.00-0.41) ng/ml, respectively (p > 0.05). In the NET patients, the median values of serum troponin I before and after treatment were 0.18 ± 0.03 (0.00-0.42) and 0.17 ± 0.03 (0.00-0.46) ng/ml, respectively (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION PRRT with 177Lu-DOTATATE and RLT with 177Lu-PSMA as emerging therapeutic modalities have no significant cardiotoxicity. However, further well-designed studies are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esmail Jafari
- The Persian Gulf Nuclear Medicine Research Center, Department of Molecular Imaging and Radionuclide Therapy (MIRT), Bushehr Medical University Hospital, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Abdul Latif Amini
- Bushehr Heart Medical center, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | | | - Dara Bagheri
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Persian Gulf University, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Majid Assadi
- The Persian Gulf Nuclear Medicine Research Center, Department of Molecular Imaging and Radionuclide Therapy (MIRT), Bushehr Medical University Hospital, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
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De Leo S, Trevisan M, Fugazzola L. Recent advances in the management of anaplastic thyroid cancer. Thyroid Res 2020; 13:17. [PMID: 33292371 PMCID: PMC7684758 DOI: 10.1186/s13044-020-00091-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is undoubtedly the thyroid cancer histotype with the poorest prognosis. The conventional treatment includes surgery, radiotherapy, and conventional chemotherapy. Surgery should be as complete as possible, securing the airway and ensuring access for nutritional support; the current standard of care of radiotherapy is the intensity-modulated radiation therapy; chemotherapy includes the use of doxorubicin or taxanes (paclitaxel or docetaxel) generally with platin (cisplatin or carboplatin). However, frequently, these treatments are not sufficient and a systemic treatment with kinase inhibitors is necessary. These include multitarget tyrosine kinase inhibitors (Lenvatinib, Sorafenib, Sunitinib, Vandetanib, Axitinib, Pazopanib, Pyrazolo-pyrimidine compounds), single target tyrosine kinase inhibitors (Dabrafenib plus Trametinib and Vemurafenib against BRAF, Gefitinib against EGFR, PPARγ ligands (e.g. Efatutazone), Everolimus against mTOR, vascular disruptors (e.g. Fosbretabulin), and immunotherapy (e.g. Spartalizumab and Pembrolizumab, which are anti PD-1/PD-L1 molecules). Therapy should be tailored to the patients and to the tumor genetic profile. A BRAF mutation analysis is mandatory, but a wider evaluation of tumor mutational status (e.g. by next-generation sequencing) is desirable. When a BRAFV600E mutation is detected, treatment with Dabrafenib and Trametinib should be preferred: this combination has been approved by the Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of patients with locally advanced or metastatic ATC with BRAFV600E mutation and with no satisfactory locoregional treatment options. Alternatively, Lenvatinib, regardless of mutational status, reported good results and was approved in Japan for treating unresectable tumors. Other single target mutation agents with fair results are Everolimus when a mutation involving the PI3K/mTOR pathway is detected, Imatinib in case of PDGF-receptors overexpression, and Spartalizumab in case of PD-L1 positive tumors. Several trials are currently evaluating the possible beneficial role of a combinatorial therapy in ATC. Since in this tumor several genetic alterations are usually found, the aim is to inhibit or disrupt several pathways: these combination strategies use therapy targeting angiogenesis, survival, proliferation, and may act against both MAPK and PI3K pathways. Investigating new treatment options is eagerly awaited since, to date, even the molecules with the best radiological results have not been able to provide a durable disease control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone De Leo
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Piazzale Brescia, 20, 20149, Milan, Italy.
| | - Matteo Trevisan
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Fugazzola
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Piazzale Brescia, 20, 20149, Milan, Italy.,Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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