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Khalighi Sikaroudi M, Soltani S, Kolahdouz-Mohammadi R, Imanifard R, Abdollahi S, Shahinfar H, Mohammadi Farsani G. The association between dietary folate intake and risk of colorectal cancer incidence: A systematic review and dose‒response meta-analysis of cohort studies. Heliyon 2024; 10:e33564. [PMID: 39071590 PMCID: PMC11279277 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e33564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Dietary components can influence the incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC). Folate is one of the compounds that plays an essential role in the formation of DNA structures, which can lead to or prevent tumorigenesis. The present study is the first systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of cohort studies evaluating the association between dietary folate intake and the risk of CRC. Methods The PubMed/Medline, Scopus, and ISI Web of Science databases were systematically searched for cohort studies that assessed the association between folate intake and CRC up to January 2024. Summary relative risks (RRs) and 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using a random effects model. Also, linear and nonlinear dose-response analyses were conducted for the dose-response associations between folate intake and risk of CRC. Results Eighteen prospective cohort studies with 931,469 participants, 14,860 CRC patients, 3536 colon cancer (CC) patients, and 1075 rectal cancer (RC) patients were included in the analysis. The summary RR of CRC for each 100-μg increase in dietary folate intake was 0.97 (95 % CI: 0.95-0.99, I2: 0.0 %, P-heterogeneity: 0.616), which can be related to BMI (0.97 (95 % CI: 0.95-0.99)); a more protective effect was also observed in subjects who drank alcohol (0.97 (95 % CI: 0.95-0.99)) and those who smoked (0.97 (95 % CI: 0.95-0.99)). Additionally, it was positively related to a 7 % lower risk of CC (0.93 (95 % CI: 0.87-0.99, I2: 33.7 %, P-heterogeneity: 0.159)), and the null relation for RC was 0.98 (95 % CI: 0.90-1.08), I2: 16.6 %, P-heterogeneity: 0.309). There was evidence of nonlinearity in which up to 500 μg/day dietary folate intake was inversely associated with CC (P nonlinearity = 0.04). Conclusion The findings showed an inverse association between dietary folate intake and the risk of CRC, especially in high-risk persons, those who have a higher BMI, alcohol drinkers, and smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sepideh Soltani
- Yazd Cardiovascular Research Center, Noncommunicable Diseases Research Institute, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Roya Kolahdouz-Mohammadi
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Roya Imanifard
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shima Abdollahi
- Department of Nutrition, School of Health, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Hossein Shahinfar
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Tsang BL, Stadnik C, Duong M, Pachón H, Martinez H. Expanding Fortification with Folic Acid: Thinking Outside the Cereal-Grain Box. Nutrients 2024; 16:1312. [PMID: 38732559 PMCID: PMC11085292 DOI: 10.3390/nu16091312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Fortifying maize and wheat flours with folic acid has effectively reduced neural tube defect-affected births. However, maize and wheat flours may not be widely consumed in all countries; further reduction in neural tube defect-affected births could benefit from the identification of alternative food vehicles. We aimed to use dietary intake or apparent consumption data to determine alternative food vehicles for large-scale fortification with folic acid in low-income and lower-middle-income countries (LILMICs) and identify current research related to examining the technological feasibility of fortifying alternative foods with folic acid. (2) Methods: We identified 81 LILMICs, defined by the World Bank's (WB) 2018 income classifications. To identify dietary intake or apparent consumption, we reviewed WB's Microdata Library and Global Health Data Exchange for national surveys from 1997-2018. We reviewed survey reports for dietary intake or apparent consumption data and analyzed survey datasets for population coverage of foods. We defined alternative food vehicles as those that may cover/be consumed by ≥30% of the population or households; cereal grains (maize and wheat flours and rice) were included as an alternative food vehicle if a country did not have existing mandatory fortification legislation. To identify current research on fortification with folic acid in foods other than cereal grains, we conducted a systematic review of published literature and unpublished theses, and screened for foods or food products. (3) Results: We extracted or analyzed data from 18 national surveys and countries. The alternative foods most represented in the surveys were oil (n = 16), sugar (n = 16), and salt (n = 14). The coverage of oil ranged from 33.2 to 95.7%, sugar from 32.2 to 98.4%, and salt from 49.8 to 99.9%. We found 34 eligible studies describing research on alternative foods. The most studied alternative foods for fortification with folic acid were dairy products (n = 10), salt (n = 6), and various fruit juices (n = 5). (4) Conclusions: Because of their high coverage, oil, sugar, and salt emerge as potential alternative foods for large-scale fortification with folic acid. However, except for salt, there are limited or no studies examining the technological feasibility of fortifying these foods with folic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Becky L. Tsang
- Food Fortification Initiative, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (C.S.); (M.D.); (H.P.)
| | - Carlen Stadnik
- Food Fortification Initiative, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (C.S.); (M.D.); (H.P.)
- Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Michelle Duong
- Food Fortification Initiative, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (C.S.); (M.D.); (H.P.)
- Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Helena Pachón
- Food Fortification Initiative, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (C.S.); (M.D.); (H.P.)
- Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Homero Martinez
- Nutrition International, Ottawa, ON K2P 2K3, Canada;
- Hospital Infantil de Mexico Federico Gomez, Mexico City 06720, Mexico
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Cochrane KM, Bone JN, Karakochuk CD, Bode L. Human milk oligosaccharide composition following supplementation with folic acid vs (6S)-5-methyltetrahydrofolic acid during pregnancy and mediation by human milk folate forms. Eur J Clin Nutr 2024; 78:351-355. [PMID: 38057412 PMCID: PMC11003863 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-023-01376-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Supplementation with folic acid versus (6S)-5-methyltetrahydrofolic acid (5-MTHF) results in different folate forms in human milk, with folic acid increasing unmetabolized folic acid (UMFA) at the expense of reduced folate forms. It is unknown whether folate forms present in human milk have further effects on human milk composition, such as human milk oligosaccharide (HMO) concentrations. We randomized 60 pregnant women in Canada to 0.6 mg/day folic acid or (6S)-5-MTHF. Human milk folate forms (LC-MS/MS) and nineteen HMOs (HPLC) were quantified at 1 week postpartum. Linear regression and causal mediation analysis were used to evaluate the effect of folate supplementation on HMO concentrations, and possible mediation by concentrations of UMFA and reduced folate forms in human milk (controlling for secretor status and parity). HMO concentrations were not different between groups, with no evidence of mediation by reduced folate forms; however, increased UMFA was associated with reduced concentrations of total HMOs and 3'-sialyllactose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey M Cochrane
- Food, Nutrition, and Health, Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jeffrey N Bone
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Crystal D Karakochuk
- Food, Nutrition, and Health, Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Lars Bode
- Department of Pediatrics, Larsson Rosenquist Foundation Mother-Milk-Infant Center of Research Excellence (MOMI CORE), and Human Milk Institute (HMI), University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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4
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Huang Q, Hu Z, Zheng Q, Mao X, Lv W, Wu F, Fu D, Lu C, Zeng C, Wang F, Zeng Q, Fang Q, Hood L. A Proactive Intervention Study in Metabolic Syndrome High-Risk Populations Using Phenome-Based Actionable P4 Medicine Strategy. PHENOMICS (CHAM, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 4:91-108. [PMID: 38884061 PMCID: PMC11169348 DOI: 10.1007/s43657-023-00115-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
The integration of predictive, preventive, personalized, and participatory (P4) healthcare advocates proactive intervention, including dietary supplements and lifestyle interventions for chronic disease. Personal profiles include deep phenotypic data and genetic information, which are associated with chronic diseases, can guide proactive intervention. However, little is known about how to design an appropriate intervention mode to precisely intervene with personalized phenome-based data. Here, we report the results of a 3-month study on 350 individuals with metabolic syndrome high-risk that we named the Pioneer 350 Wellness project (P350). We examined: (1) longitudinal (two times) phenotypes covering blood lipids, blood glucose, homocysteine (HCY), and vitamin D3 (VD3), and (2) polymorphism of genes related to folic acid metabolism. Based on personalized data and questionnaires including demographics, diet and exercise habits information, coaches identified 'actionable possibilities', which combined exercise, diet, and dietary supplements. After a 3-month proactive intervention, two-thirds of the phenotypic markers were significantly improved in the P350 cohort. Specifically, we found that dietary supplements and lifestyle interventions have different effects on phenotypic improvement. For example, dietary supplements can result in a rapid recovery of abnormal HCY and VD3 levels, while lifestyle interventions are more suitable for those with high body mass index (BMI), but almost do not help the recovery of HCY. Furthermore, although people who implemented only one of the exercise or diet interventions also benefited, the effect was not as good as the combined exercise and diet interventions. In a subgroup of 226 people, we examined the association between the polymorphism of genes related to folic acid metabolism and the benefits of folate supplementation to restore a normal HCY level. We found people with folic acid metabolism deficiency genes are more likely to benefit from folate supplementation to restore a normal HCY level. Overall, these results suggest: (1) phenome-based data can guide the formulation of more precise and comprehensive interventions, and (2) genetic polymorphism impacts clinical responses to interventions. Notably, we provide a proactive intervention example that is operable in daily life, allowing people with different phenome-based data to design the appropriate intervention protocol including dietary supplements and lifestyle interventions. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s43657-023-00115-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiongrong Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing, 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Zhiyuan Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing, 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049 China
- Beijing P4 Healthcare Institute, 316 Wanfeng Road, Beijing, 100161 China
- Health Management Institute, The Second Medical Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853 China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, Sino-Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350108 Fujian China
- School of Chemical Engineering and Pharmacy, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, 430205 Hubei China
| | - Qiwen Zheng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, 100101 China
| | - Xuemei Mao
- Beijing P4 Healthcare Institute, 316 Wanfeng Road, Beijing, 100161 China
| | - Wenxi Lv
- Beijing P4 Healthcare Institute, 316 Wanfeng Road, Beijing, 100161 China
| | - Fei Wu
- Beijing P4 Healthcare Institute, 316 Wanfeng Road, Beijing, 100161 China
| | - Dapeng Fu
- Beijing Zhongguancun Hospital, No. 12, Zhongguancun South Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100190 China
| | - Cuihong Lu
- Beijing Zhongguancun Hospital, No. 12, Zhongguancun South Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100190 China
| | - Changqing Zeng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, 100101 China
| | - Fei Wang
- Health Management Institute, The Second Medical Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853 China
| | - Qiang Zeng
- Health Management Institute, The Second Medical Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853 China
| | - Qiaojun Fang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing, 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049 China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, Sino-Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Leroy Hood
- Health Management Institute, The Second Medical Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853 China
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA 98109 USA
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Xu X, Zhang Z, Lin Y, Xie H. Risk of Excess Maternal Folic Acid Supplementation in Offspring. Nutrients 2024; 16:755. [PMID: 38474883 DOI: 10.3390/nu16050755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Folate, also known as vitamin B9, facilitates the transfer of methyl groups among molecules, which is crucial for amino acid metabolism and nucleotide synthesis. Adequate maternal folate supplementation has been widely acknowledged for its pivotal role in promoting cell proliferation and preventing neural tube defects. However, in the post-fortification era, there has been a rising concern regarding an excess maternal intake of folic acid (FA), the synthetic form of folate. In this review, we focused on recent advancements in understanding the influence of excess maternal FA intake on offspring. For human studies, we summarized findings from clinical trials investigating the effects of periconceptional FA intake on neurodevelopment and molecular-level changes in offspring. For studies using mouse models, we compiled the impact of high maternal FA supplementation on gene expression and behavioral changes in offspring. In summary, excessive maternal folate intake could potentially have adverse effects on offspring. Overall, we highlighted concerns regarding elevated maternal folate status in the population, providing a comprehensive perspective on the potential adverse effects of excessive maternal FA supplementation on offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiguang Xu
- Epigenomics and Computational Biology Lab, Fralin Life Sciences Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Ziyu Zhang
- Epigenomics and Computational Biology Lab, Fralin Life Sciences Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, College of Liberal Arts and Human Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Yu Lin
- Epigenomics and Computational Biology Lab, Fralin Life Sciences Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
- Genetics, Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Program, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Hehuang Xie
- Epigenomics and Computational Biology Lab, Fralin Life Sciences Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
- Genetics, Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Program, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
- Translational Biology, Medicine, and Health Program, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
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6
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Gómez-Cabrera AS, González-Santiago AE, Rodríguez-Mora JF, Zúñiga-González GM, Gómez-Meda BC, Baptista-Rosas RC, Castañeda-Arellano R, Mercado-Sesma AR, Zúñiga LY, Sánchez-Parada MG. Amelioration of Cytogenotoxic Damage in Drug Abusers Supplemented with Folic Acid. Biomedicines 2024; 12:352. [PMID: 38397954 PMCID: PMC10886587 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12020352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cytogenotoxic damage caused by the consumption of legal and illegal drugs in drug abusers has been demonstrated, primarily due to alterations in their antioxidant capacity, cellular repair mechanisms, and increased production of free radicals. Folic acid shows antioxidant activity by acting as a reducing agent, neutralizing present free radicals, and reducing genomic damage. METHODS The intervention involved administering 15 mg of folic acid, divided into three doses per day, to a group of 44 drug abusers. The frequency of nuclear abnormalities (NAs) was determined; micronuclei (MNs), nuclear buds (NBUDs), binucleated cells (BNs), abnormally condensed chromatin (CC), karyorrhexis (KX), pyknotic nuclei (PNs), and karyolysis (KL) were determined at different pre-treatment (baseline) and post-treatment time points at 15 and 30 days. Additionally, a group of 44 healthy individuals was used as the control group. RESULTS We observed a statistically significant decrease in the frequency of NAs in the drug abuser group (28.45 ± 17.74 before supplementation vs. 11.18 ± 7.42 at 15 days and 9.11 ± 10.9 at 30 days of supplementation). Specifically, it decreased the frequency of NBUDs, BNs, CC, KX, and PNs (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Our study demonstrates a clear improvement in cytogenotoxic damage in drug abusers supplemented with folic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Salvador Gómez-Cabrera
- Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, División de Ciencias de la Salud, Centro Universitario de Tonalá, Universidad de Guadalajara, Tonalá 45425, Jalisco, Mexico; (A.S.G.-C.); (J.F.R.-M.)
| | - Ana Elizabeth González-Santiago
- Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, División de Ciencias de la Salud, Centro Universitario de Tonalá, Universidad de Guadalajara, Tonalá 45425, Jalisco, Mexico; (A.S.G.-C.); (J.F.R.-M.)
| | - José Francisco Rodríguez-Mora
- Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, División de Ciencias de la Salud, Centro Universitario de Tonalá, Universidad de Guadalajara, Tonalá 45425, Jalisco, Mexico; (A.S.G.-C.); (J.F.R.-M.)
| | - Guillermo Moisés Zúñiga-González
- Laboratorio de Mutagénesis, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico;
| | - Belinda Claudia Gómez-Meda
- Instituto de Genética Humana Dr. Enrique Corona Rivera, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Genómica, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico;
| | - Raúl Cuauhtémoc Baptista-Rosas
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud-Enfermedad como Proceso Individual, Centro Universitario de Tonalá, Universidad de Guadalajara, Tonalá 45425, Jalisco, Mexico (R.C.-A.); (L.Y.Z.)
- Unidad de Intervención de Medicina Crítica, Hospital General de Occidente, Secretaría de Salud Jalisco, Zapopan 45170, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Rolando Castañeda-Arellano
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud-Enfermedad como Proceso Individual, Centro Universitario de Tonalá, Universidad de Guadalajara, Tonalá 45425, Jalisco, Mexico (R.C.-A.); (L.Y.Z.)
| | - Arieh Roldán Mercado-Sesma
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud-Enfermedad como Proceso Individual, Centro Universitario de Tonalá, Universidad de Guadalajara, Tonalá 45425, Jalisco, Mexico (R.C.-A.); (L.Y.Z.)
| | - Laura Yareni Zúñiga
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud-Enfermedad como Proceso Individual, Centro Universitario de Tonalá, Universidad de Guadalajara, Tonalá 45425, Jalisco, Mexico (R.C.-A.); (L.Y.Z.)
| | - María Guadalupe Sánchez-Parada
- Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, División de Ciencias de la Salud, Centro Universitario de Tonalá, Universidad de Guadalajara, Tonalá 45425, Jalisco, Mexico; (A.S.G.-C.); (J.F.R.-M.)
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7
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Qi Y, Xu X, Mao C, Chen H, Tang Y, Lin S. Evaluation of In Vivo Folic Acid Bioavailability in Different Mouse Strains Using Enzymatic Digestion Combined with Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:2229-2239. [PMID: 38230629 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c08632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
By analyzing the folic acid content of various mouse strains through the use of in vivo studies, this study sought to determine whether folic acid bioavailability varies between hosts. In order to examine the stability of folic acid in the gastrointestinal tract, the rate at which it enters the blood, its retention in the organs, and its entry into the brain, folic acid was gavaged for 10 days into male and female mice of the following four strains: C57BL/6, BALB/c, ICR, and Kunming. Folic acid was extracted from eight groups of mice via solid phase extraction and triple enzyme extraction; the folic acid was subsequently quantified by ultraperformance liquid chromatography. In contrast to the other groups, female C57BL/6 mice exhibited substantially greater bioavailability as well as variations in organ retention and blood entry rates, as indicated by the experimental findings. This finding indicated that using female C57BL/6 mice to evaluate the bioavailability of folic acid is more effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Qi
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, P. R. China
- Engineering Research Center of Food, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, P. R. China
| | - Xiaomeng Xu
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, P. R. China
- Engineering Research Center of Special Dietary Food, The Education Department of Liaoning Province, Dalian 116034, P. R. China
| | - Chuwen Mao
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, P. R. China
- Engineering Research Center of Food, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, P. R. China
| | - Hunan Chen
- Ganzhou Quanbiao Biological Technology Co. Ltd., Ganzhou 341100, P. R. China
| | - Yue Tang
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, P. R. China
- Engineering Research Center of Food, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, P. R. China
- Engineering Research Center of Special Dietary Food, The Education Department of Liaoning Province, Dalian 116034, P. R. China
| | - Songyi Lin
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, P. R. China
- Engineering Research Center of Food, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, P. R. China
- Engineering Research Center of Special Dietary Food, The Education Department of Liaoning Province, Dalian 116034, P. R. China
- Ganzhou Quanbiao Biological Technology Co. Ltd., Ganzhou 341100, P. R. China
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Cochrane KM, Elango R, Devlin AM, Mayer C, Hutcheon JA, Karakochuk CD. Supplementation with (6 S)-5-methyltetrahydrofolic acid appears as effective as folic acid in maintaining maternal folate status while reducing unmetabolised folic acid in maternal plasma: a randomised trial of pregnant women in Canada. Br J Nutr 2024; 131:92-102. [PMID: 37649241 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114523001733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Folic acid supplementation is recommended during pregnancy to support healthy fetal development; (6S)-5-methyltetrahydrofolic acid ((6S)-5-MTHF) is available in some commercial prenatal vitamins as an alternative to folic acid, but its effect on blood folate status during pregnancy is unknown. To address this, we randomised sixty pregnant individuals at 8-21 weeks' gestation to 0·6 mg/d folic acid or (6S)-5-MTHF × 16 weeks. Fasting blood specimens were collected at baseline and after 16 weeks (endline). Erythrocyte and serum folate were quantified via microbiological assay (as globally recommended) and plasma unmetabolised folic acid (UMFA) via LC-MS/MS. Differences in biochemical folate markers between groups were explored using multivariable linear/quantile regression, adjusting for baseline concentrations, dietary folate intake and gestational weeks. At endline (n 54), the mean values and standard deviations (or median, inter-quartile range) of erythrocyte folate, serum folate and plasma UMFA (nmol/l) in those supplemented with (6S)-5-MTHF v. folic acid, respectively, were 1826 (sd 471) and 1998 (sd 421); 70 (sd 13) and 78 (sd 17); 0·5 (0·4, 0·8) and 1·3 (0·9, 2·1). In regression analyses, erythrocyte and serum folate did not differ by treatment group; however, concentrations of plasma UMFA in pregnancy were 0·6 nmol/l higher (95 % CI 0·2, 1·1) in those supplementing with folic acid as compared with (6S)-5-MTHF. In conclusion, supplementation with (6S)-5-MTHF may reduce plasma UMFA by ∼50 % as compared with supplementation with folic acid, the biological relevance of which is unclear. As folate is currently available for purchase in both forms, the impact of circulating maternal UMFA on perinatal outcomes needs to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey M Cochrane
- Food, Nutrition, and Health, Faculty of Land and Food Systems, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Healthy Starts, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Rajavel Elango
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Healthy Starts, Vancouver, Canada
- Population and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Angela M Devlin
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Healthy Starts, Vancouver, Canada
- Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Chantal Mayer
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Jennifer A Hutcheon
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Healthy Starts, Vancouver, Canada
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Crystal D Karakochuk
- Food, Nutrition, and Health, Faculty of Land and Food Systems, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Healthy Starts, Vancouver, Canada
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9
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Ledet Iii LF, Plaisance CJ, Daniel CP, Wagner MJ, Alvarez I, Burroughs CR, Rieger R, Siddaiah H, Ahmadzadeh S, Shekoohi S, Kaye AD, Varrassi G. Spina Bifida Prevention: A Narrative Review of Folic Acid Supplements for Childbearing Age Women. Cureus 2024; 16:e53008. [PMID: 38406082 PMCID: PMC10894015 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.53008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Neural tube defects (NTDs) are malformations that occur during embryonic development, and they account for most central nervous system birth anomalies. Genetic and environmental factors have been shown to play a role in the etiology of NTDs. The different types of NTDs are classified according to anatomic location and severity of the defect, with most of the neural axis anomalies occurring in the caudal spinal or cranial areas. Spina bifida is a type of NTD that is characterized by an opening in the vertebral arch, and the level of severity is determined by the extent to which the neural tissue protrudes through the opened arch(es). Prevention of NTDs by administration of folic acid has been studied and described in the literature, yet there are approximately 300,000 cases of NTDs that occur annually, with 88,000 deaths occurring per year worldwide. A daily intake of at least 400 μg of folic acid is recommended especially for women of childbearing age. To provide the benefits of folic acid, prenatal vitamins are recommended in pregnancy, and many countries have been fortifying foods such as cereal grain products with folic acid; however, not all countries have instituted folic acid fortification programs. The present investigation includes a description of the pharmacology of folic acid, neural tube formation, defects such as spina bifida, and the relevance of folic acid to developing spina bifida. Women's knowledge and awareness of folic acid regarding its importance in the prevention of spina bifida is a major factor in reducing incidence worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lloyd F Ledet Iii
- School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, USA
| | - Connor J Plaisance
- School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, USA
| | - Charles P Daniel
- School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, USA
| | - Maxwell J Wagner
- School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, USA
| | - Ivan Alvarez
- School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, USA
| | - Caroline R Burroughs
- School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, USA
| | - Ross Rieger
- Department of Anesthesiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, USA
| | - Harish Siddaiah
- Department of Anesthesiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, USA
| | - Shahab Ahmadzadeh
- Department of Anesthesiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, USA
| | - Sahar Shekoohi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, USA
| | - Alan D Kaye
- Department of Anesthesiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, USA
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10
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Bin XN, Xu TJ, Zou HP, Lian Z, Cheng Y, Wu JQ, He MF. Efficacy and Mechanism Study of 6S-5-Methyltetrahydrofolate-Calcium Against Telencephalon Infarction Injury in Zebrafish Model of Ischemic Stroke. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:434-449. [PMID: 37624487 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03588-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is a heterogeneous brain injury with complex pathophysiology and it is also a time sensitive neurological injury disease. At present, the treatment options for ischemic stroke are still limited. 6S-5-methyltetrahydrofolate-calcium (MTHF-Ca) is the calcium salt of the predominant form of dietary folate in circulation. MTHF-Ca has potential neuroprotective effect on neurocytes, but whether it can be used for ischemic stroke treatment remains unknown. We established zebrafish ischemic stroke model through photothrombotic method to evaluate the protective effect of MTHF-Ca on the ischemic brain injury of zebrafish. We demonstrated that MTHF-Ca reduced the brain damage by reducing motor dysfunction and neurobehavioral defects of zebrafish with telencephalon infarction injury. MTHF-Ca counteracted oxidative damages after Tel injury by increasing the activities of GSH-Px and SOD and decreasing the content of MDA. RNA-seq and RT-qPCR results showed that MTHF-Ca played a neuroprotective role by alleviating neuroinflammation, inhibiting blood coagulation, and neuronal apoptosis processes. Overall, we have demonstrated that MTHF-Ca has neuroprotective effect in ischemic stroke and can be used as a potential treatment for ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Ni Bin
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu South Road, Nanjing, 211816, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao-Jun Xu
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu South Road, Nanjing, 211816, People's Republic of China
| | - Han-Peng Zou
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu South Road, Nanjing, 211816, People's Republic of China
| | - Zenglin Lian
- Institute of Biological Chinese Medicine, Beijing Yichuang Institute of Biotechnology Industry, Beijing, 100023, China
| | - Yongzhi Cheng
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu South Road, Nanjing, 211816, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Qi Wu
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu South Road, Nanjing, 211816, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ming-Fang He
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu South Road, Nanjing, 211816, People's Republic of China.
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11
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Han X, Cao X, Cabrera RM, Ramirez PAP, Lin YL, Wlodarczyk BJ, Zhang C, Finnell RH, Lei Y. Folate regulation of planar cell polarity pathway and F-actin through folate receptor alpha. FASEB J 2024; 38:e23346. [PMID: 38095297 PMCID: PMC10754249 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202300202r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Folate deficiency contribute to neural tube defects (NTDs) which could be rescued by folate supplementation. However, the underlying mechanisms are still not fully understood. Besides, there is considerable controversy concerning the forms of folate used for supplementation. To address this controversy, we prepared culture medium with different forms of folate, folic acid (FA), and 5-methyltetrahydrofolate (5mTHF), at concentrations of 5 μM, 500 nM, 50 nM, and folate free, respectively. Mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) were treated with different folates continuously for three passages, and cell proliferation and F-actin were monitored. We determined that compared to 5mTHF, FA showed stronger effects on promoting cell proliferation and F-actin formation. We also found that FOLR1 protein level was positively regulated by folate concentration and the non-canonical Wnt/planar cell polarity (PCP) pathway signaling was significantly enriched among different folate conditions in RNA-sequencing analyses. We demonstrated for the first time that FOLR1 could promote the transcription of Vangl2, one of PCP core genes. The transcription of Vangl2 was down-regulated under folate-deficient condition, which resulted in a decrease in PCP activity and F-actin formation. In summary, we identified a distinct advantage of FA in cell proliferation and F-actin formation over 5mTHF, as well as demonstrating that FOLR1 could promote transcription of Vangl2 and provide a new mechanism by which folate deficiency can contribute to the etiology of NTDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Han
- Department of Reproductive Medicine Center, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, People’s Republic of China
- Center for Precision Environmental Health, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Xuanye Cao
- Center for Precision Environmental Health, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Robert M. Cabrera
- Center for Precision Environmental Health, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Paula Andrea Pimienta Ramirez
- Center for Precision Environmental Health, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ying Linda Lin
- Center for Precision Environmental Health, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Bogdan J. Wlodarczyk
- Center for Precision Environmental Health, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Cuilian Zhang
- Department of Reproductive Medicine Center, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Richard H. Finnell
- Center for Precision Environmental Health, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Departments of Molecular and Human Genetics and Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yunping Lei
- Center for Precision Environmental Health, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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12
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Mazokopakis EE, Papadomanolaki MG, Papadakis JA. The effects of folinic acid and l-methylfolate supplementation on serum total homocysteine levels in healthy adults. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2023; 58:14-20. [PMID: 38056998 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2023.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND - AIM Hyperhomocysteinemia is recognized as a risk factor for several diseases and conditions. The aim of this study was to investigate and compare the efficacy of two total homocysteine (tHcy)-lowering treatments including folinic acid or l-methylfolate in healthy Greek adults. METHODS Two hundred and seventy-two healthy Greek adults (143 men, 129 women; mean age±SD: 43.0 ± 15.3 years), with serum tHcy levels ≥10 μmol/L received randomized folinic acid ("Folinic acid Group") or l-methylfolate ("l-methylfolate Group") orally for three months. All subjects with serum cobalamin (Cbl) levels <300 pg/mL additionally received 1 mg hydroxycobalamine intramuscularly twice a week for the first month only. Serum folate, Cbl and tHcy levels were determined using immunoassays methods at the beginning and the end of the study period. The MTHFR C677T and MTHFR A1298C gene polymorphisms were genotyped using polymerase chain reaction and reverse hybridization. RESULTS At the end of the 3-month intervention period, the levels of serum folate and Cbl increased significantly, whereas the levels of serum tHcy decreased significantly in the two groups. The individuals with MTHFR 677TT genotype had a significantly higher reduction in serum tHcy levels than the individuals with the MTHFR 677CC or MTHFR 677CT genotypes. Although the "Folinic acid Group" had a considerably higher increase in their serum folate levels (but not Cbl) than the "l-methylfolate Group", the reduction of serum tHcy levels between the two groups was not substantially different. The individuals with MTHFR 677CT genotype had a statistically significant higher reduction in serum tHcy levels when supplemented with folinic acid rather than l-methylfolate. CONCLUSIONS The administration of folinic acid compared to l-methylfolate caused a higher increase of serum folate levels but no difference in the reduction of serum tHcy levels. The reduction of serum tHcy levels was influenced by the existence of MTHFR C677T and not MTHFR A1298C gene polymorphisms. The individuals with MTHFR 677CT genotype appear to benefit more by folinic acid than l-methylfolate supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elias E Mazokopakis
- Department of Internal Medicine, Naval Hospital of Crete, Chania, Greece; Private Medical Office of Internal Medicine, Chania, Greece.
| | - Maria G Papadomanolaki
- School of Production Engineering and Management, Technical University of Crete, Chania, Greece
| | - John A Papadakis
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion, Greece
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13
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Irfan, Soleja N, Mohsin M. FRET-based probe for ratiometric detection and imaging of folic acid in real-time. Anal Biochem 2023; 679:115285. [PMID: 37586674 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2023.115285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Inadequate folic acid intake is linked to diseases such as megaloblastic anemia, neural tube defects, and hyperhomocysteinemia, increasing the risk of vascular disease and thrombosis. Folic acid, a cofactor in various enzymes, can be produced by plants and bacteria, but not by humans and other animals. L-5-methyl-tetrahydrofolate (L-5-methyl-THF) is the primary dietary folate form, transported in circulation for cellular metabolism. Traditional methods of determining folic acid levels are unreliable and time-consuming. SenFol (Sensor for folic acid) is a fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based nanosensor that we have developed by inserting folic acid-binding protein (FolT) as the folate detecting domain between the pair of enhanced cyan fluorescent protein (ECFP) and Venus. The developed sensor is highly specific, produces a quick signal, which is pH stable, and delivers precise, ratiometric readings in cell-based experiments. The projected affinity score of folic acid with FolT was -7.4 kcal/mol. The apparent affinity (Kd) of SenFol for folic acid is 28.49 × 10-9 M, with a detection range of 5 × 10-9 M to 5 × 10-7 M, and a maximum FRET ratio change of 0.45. WT SenFol, a highly efficient folic acid nanosensor, can dynamically detect intracellular folic acid content in E. coli, yeast, and HEK-293 T cells, confirming its potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irfan
- Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi-110025, India
| | - Neha Soleja
- Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi-110025, India
| | - Mohd Mohsin
- Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi-110025, India.
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14
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Gu J, Lei C, Zhang M. Folate and retinal vascular diseases. BMC Ophthalmol 2023; 23:413. [PMID: 37833663 PMCID: PMC10571445 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-023-03149-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Folate, a pteroylglutamic acid derivative, participates in fundamental cellular metabolism. Homocysteine, an amino acid, serves as an intermediate of the methionine cycle and can be converted back to methionine. Hyperhomocysteinemia is a recognized risk factor for atherosclerotic and cardiovascular diseases. In recent decades, elevated plasma homocysteine levels and low folate status have been observed in many patients with retinal vascular diseases, such as retinal vascular occlusions, diabetic retinopathy, and age-related degeneration. Homocysteine-induced toxicity toward vascular endothelial cells might participate in the formation of retinal vascular diseases. Folate is an important dietary determinant of homocysteine. Folate deficiency is the most common cause of hyperhomocysteinemia. Folate supplementation can eliminate excess homocysteine in plasma. In in vitro experiments, folic acid had a protective effect on vascular endothelial cells against high glucose. Many studies have explored the relationship between folate and various retinal vascular diseases. This review summarizes the most important findings that lead to the conclusion that folic acid supplementation might be a protective treatment in patients with retinal vascular diseases with high homocysteine or glucose status. More research is still needed to validate the effect of folate and its supplementation in retinal vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyue Gu
- Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China
- Research Laboratory of Macular Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Chunyan Lei
- Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China
- Research Laboratory of Macular Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Meixia Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China.
- Research Laboratory of Macular Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China.
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15
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Cochrane KM, Elango R, Devlin AM, Hutcheon JA, Karakochuk CD. Human milk unmetabolized folic acid is increased following supplementation with synthetic folic acid as compared to (6S)-5-methyltetrahydrofolic acid. Sci Rep 2023; 13:11298. [PMID: 37438496 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38224-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Folic acid supplementation is recommended perinatally, but may increase unmetabolized folic acid (UMFA) in human milk; this is concerning as it is an inactive form which may be less bioavailable for the infant. "Natural" (6S)-5-methyltetrahydrofolic acid [(6S)-5-MTHF] is available as an alternative to folic acid, and may prevent the accumulation of UMFA in human milk. Pregnant women (n = 60) were enrolled at 8-21 weeks of gestation and randomized to 0.6 mg/day folic acid or (6S)-5-MTHF. At ~ 1-week postpartum, participants provided a human milk specimen. Total human milk folate (nmol/L) and concentrations of UMFA (nmol/L) were quantified via LC-MS/MS. Differences between groups were evaluated using multivariable quantile/linear regression, adjusting for dietary folate, weeks supplementing, and milk collection methods. No significant difference in total milk folate was found; however, the median milk UMFA concentration was 11 nmol/L higher in those receiving folic acid versus (6S)-5-MTHF (95% CI = 6.4-17 nmol/L), with UMFA representing 28% and 2% of total milk folate. In conclusion, the form of supplemental folate had markedly differential effects on the human milk folate profile, with folic acid increasing the mean proportion of milk UMFA by ~ 14-fold. Investigation of whether increased UMFA impacts folate-related metabolism and infant health outcomes is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey M Cochrane
- Food, Nutrition and Health, Faculty of Land and Food Systems, The University of British Columbia, 2205 East Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Healthy Starts, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Rajavel Elango
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Healthy Starts, Vancouver, Canada
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- Population and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Angela M Devlin
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Healthy Starts, Vancouver, Canada
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Jennifer A Hutcheon
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Healthy Starts, Vancouver, Canada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Crystal D Karakochuk
- Food, Nutrition and Health, Faculty of Land and Food Systems, The University of British Columbia, 2205 East Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada.
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Healthy Starts, Vancouver, Canada.
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16
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Courseault J, Kingry C, Morrison V, Edstrom C, Morrell K, Jaubert L, Elia V, Bix G. Folate-dependent hypermobility syndrome: A proposed mechanism and diagnosis. Heliyon 2023; 9:e15387. [PMID: 37095957 PMCID: PMC10122021 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypermobility involves excessive flexibility and systemic manifestations of connective tissue fragility. We propose a folate-dependent hypermobility syndrome model based on clinical observations, and through a review of existing literature, we raise the possibility that hypermobility presentation may be dependent on folate status. In our model, decreased methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) activity disrupts the regulation of the ECM-specific proteinase matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2), leading to high levels of MMP-2 and elevated MMP-2-mediated cleavage of the proteoglycan decorin. Cleavage of decorin leads ultimately to extracellular matrix (ECM) disorganization and increased fibrosis. This review aims to describe relationships between folate metabolism and key proteins in the ECM that can further explain the signs and symptoms associated with hypermobility, along with possible treatment with 5-methyltetrahydrofolate supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacques Courseault
- Tulane University School of Medicine, Department of Orthopedics, The Fascia Institute and Treatment Center 7030 Canal Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124, USA
- Corresponding
| | - Catherine Kingry
- Tulane University School of Medicine, Department of Orthopedics, The Fascia Institute and Treatment Center 7030 Canal Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124, USA
| | - Vivianne Morrison
- Tulane University School of Medicine, Departments of Neurosurgery and Neurology, Clinical Neuroscience Research Center, 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Christiania Edstrom
- Tulane University School of Medicine, Department of Orthopedics, The Fascia Institute and Treatment Center 7030 Canal Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124, USA
| | - Kelli Morrell
- Tulane University School of Medicine, Department of Orthopedics, The Fascia Institute and Treatment Center 7030 Canal Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124, USA
| | - Lisa Jaubert
- Tulane University School of Medicine, Department of Orthopedics, The Fascia Institute and Treatment Center 7030 Canal Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124, USA
| | - Victoria Elia
- Tulane University School of Medicine, Department of Orthopedics, The Fascia Institute and Treatment Center 7030 Canal Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124, USA
| | - Gregory Bix
- Tulane University School of Medicine, Departments of Neurosurgery and Neurology, Clinical Neuroscience Research Center, 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
- Corresponding
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17
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Jankovic-Karasoulos T, Smith MD, Leemaqz S, Williamson J, McCullough D, Arthurs AL, Jones LA, Bogias KJ, Mol BW, Dalton J, Dekker GA, Roberts CT. Elevated Maternal Folate Status and Changes in Maternal Prolactin, Placental Lactogen and Placental Growth Hormone Following Folic Acid Food Fortification: Evidence from Two Prospective Pregnancy Cohorts. Nutrients 2023; 15:1553. [PMID: 37049394 PMCID: PMC10097170 DOI: 10.3390/nu15071553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Folic acid (FA) food fortification in Australia has resulted in a higher-than-expected intake of FA during pregnancy. High FA intake is associated with increased insulin resistance and gestational diabetes. We aimed to establish whether maternal one-carbon metabolism and hormones that regulate glucose homeostasis change in healthy pregnancies post-FA food fortification. Circulating folate, B12, homocysteine, prolactin (PRL), human placental lactogen (hPL) and placental growth hormone (GH2) were measured in early pregnancy maternal blood in women with uncomplicated pregnancies prior to (SCOPE: N = 604) and post (STOP: N = 711)-FA food fortification. FA food fortification resulted in 63% higher maternal folate. STOP women had lower hPL (33%) and GH2 (43%) after 10 weeks of gestation, but they had higher PRL (29%) and hPL (28%) after 16 weeks. FA supplementation during pregnancy increased maternal folate and reduced homocysteine but only in the SCOPE group, and it was associated with 54% higher PRL in SCOPE but 28% lower PRL in STOP. FA food fortification increased maternal folate status, but supplements no longer had an effect, thereby calling into question their utility. An altered secretion of hormones that regulate glucose homeostasis in pregnancy could place women post-fortification at an increased risk of insulin resistance and gestational diabetes, particularly for older women and those with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Melanie D. Smith
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Shalem Leemaqz
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Jessica Williamson
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Dylan McCullough
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Anya L. Arthurs
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Lauren A. Jones
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | | | - Ben W. Mol
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Julia Dalton
- Lyell McEwin Hospital, Adelaide, SA 5112, Australia
| | - Gustaaf A. Dekker
- Lyell McEwin Hospital, Adelaide, SA 5112, Australia
- Lyell McEwin Hospital, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Claire T. Roberts
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
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18
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Is the Tradeoff between Folic Acid or/and Multivitamin Supplementation against Birth Defects in Early Pregnancy Reconsidered? Evidence Based on a Chinese Birth Cohort Study. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15020279. [PMID: 36678149 PMCID: PMC9865336 DOI: 10.3390/nu15020279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several studies have reported conflicting results on the association between maternal exposure to folic acid (FA) and/or multivitamin (MV) supplements and the risk of birth defects (BDs), especially for different subtypes of BDs. The present study aimed to identify the association between maternal exposure to FA or/and MV and BDs in offspring. METHODS In the Chinese Birth Cohort Study initiated from 20 November 2017, 120,652 pregnant women completed follow-up until 20 August 2021. The participants were classified into four groups: without exposure to FA and MV, exposure to only FA, exposure to only MV, and exposure to FA and MV. Birth defects were coded by the International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-10. In order to explore the structural relationship between maternal FA or MV supplements and BDs, directed acyclic graphs were drawn. Then, an inverse probability treatment weighting was utilized to reduce the systematic differences in the baseline characteristics among the different groups. Lastly, a two-level mixed-effect log binomial regression analysis was used to estimate the relative risk (RR) value of the different subtypes of BDs under different exposures to FA and/or MV. RESULTS Compared with the maternal group without exposure to FA and MV, the RR values of nervous system defects, face, ear, and neck defects, limb defects, and CHDs in the maternal group with only FA supplementation were less than 1.0, but they were not statistically significant. The RR values of genitourinary defects, abnormal chromosomes, and oral clefts were more than 1.0, and they were also not statistically significant. However, the risk of genitourinary defects (RR: 3.22, 95% CI: 1.42-7.29) and chromosomal abnormalities (RR: 2.57, 95% CI: 1.16-5.73) in the maternal group with only MV supplementation increased more than those in the maternal group without exposure to FA and MV. In addition, the RR values of all subtypes of BDs in the maternal group with exposure to FA and MV were closer to 1.0 than those in maternal group with exposure to only MV, but they were not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS It was indicated that the simultaneous supplementation of FA and MV in early pregnancy may have an interaction for the prevention of BDs and may have inconsistent effects for different subtypes of BDs. At the same time, excessive FA supplementation in pregnant women may increase the risk of BDs in their offspring. Although the mechanism is not clear, this evidence reminded us that more trade-offs are necessary for formulating strategies for the prevention of BDs with FA and/or MV supplementation in early pregnancy.
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Mazokopakis EE, Papadomanolaki MG, Papadakis JA. Associations of Serum Total Homocysteine Levels with Various Demographic, Clinical and Genetic Characteristics in Healthy Greek Adults. ACTA MEDICA (HRADEC KRALOVE) 2023; 66:61-67. [PMID: 37930095 DOI: 10.14712/18059694.2023.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study was to investigate the association of serum total Hcy (tHcy) levels with various demographic, clinical and genetic characteristics in healthy Greek adults. METHODS Anthropometric characteristics (height, weight), systolic and diastolic blood pressure, complete blood count and biochemical assessments, were recorded and measured among 383 Greek adults (199 men). Serum folate, Cobalamin (Cbl) and tHcy levels were determined using immunoassays methods. The MTHFR C677T and A1298C gene polymorphisms were genotyped using polymerase chain reaction and reverse hybridization. RESULTS MTHFR C677T gene polymorphism, serum folate and Cbl levels were correlated with serum tHcy levels independently. The individuals with 677TT genotype had significantly higher serum tHcy levels than individuals with 677 CC or CT genotypes. Regarding the MTHFR C677T gene polymorphism, the existence of the T allele was associated with statistically significantly lower serum folate and higher serum tHcy levels than C allele. Regarding the MTHFR A1298C gene polymorphism, the existence of the C allele was associated with statistically significant lower serum tHcy levels than A allele. Furthermore, there was no significant correlation between the serum tHcy levels and demographic (except age) or clinical characteristics (sex, BMI, smoking status, SBP, DBP, HGB, HCT, TC, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C, TC/HDL-C). CONCLUSIONS Serum tHcy levels are influenced by the existence of MTHFR C677T gene polymorphism (mainly 677TT genotype), serum folate and Cbl levels. Individuals with hyperhomocysteinemia should be further investigated for the existence of MTHFR C677T gene polymorphism, with the aim to determine the suitable treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elias E Mazokopakis
- Department of Internal Medicine, Naval Hospital of Crete, Chania, Greece.
- Private Medical Office of Internal Medicine, Chania, Greece.
| | - Maria G Papadomanolaki
- School of Production Engineering and Management, Technical University of Crete, Chania, Greece
| | - John A Papadakis
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion, Greece
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20
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Development of a pH-induced dispersive solid-phase extraction method using folic acid combined with dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction: application in the extraction of Cu(II) and Pb(II) ions from water and fruit juice samples. ANAL SCI 2023; 39:23-31. [PMID: 36227555 DOI: 10.1007/s44211-022-00194-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a new pH-induced dispersive solid-phase extraction method using folic acid has been proposed for the extraction of Cu(II) and Pb(II) ions from water and fruit juice samples. For this purpose, at first, a specified amount of folic acid was dissolved in the sample solution containing the studied ions at pH 8.5. Then, by decreasing pH of the solution, solubility of folic acid reduced and its fine particles containing the analytes were produced. They were separated and dissolved in dimethylformamide. For more preconcentration, the developed procedure was combined with a dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction procedure. Finally, the extracted and enriched analytes were determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. The effect of important parameters on the extraction efficiency of the method such as pH, folic acid amount, the amount of complexing agent, dimethylformamide volume, ionic strength, and centrifugation conditions were studied. Under optimized conditions, the developed method showed linear ranges of 0.20-40 and 0.25-40 µg L-1 for Pb(II) and Cu(II) ions, respectively. Limits of detection of Pb(II) and Cu(II) were 0.07 and 0.08 µg L-1, respectively. The relative standard deviations (intra- and inter-day precisions) were between 3.8 and 5.4%. Accuracy of the proposed method was studied by determination of the analytes concentrations in a certified reference material; SPS-WW2 Batch 108. Efficiency of the proposed procedure was evaluated by analyzing Pb(II) and Cu(II) ions in various water and fruit juice samples.
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21
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Cao R, Xie J, Zhang L. Abnormal methylation caused by folic acid deficiency in neural tube defects. Open Life Sci 2022; 17:1679-1688. [PMID: 36589786 PMCID: PMC9784971 DOI: 10.1515/biol-2022-0504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Neural tube closure disorders, including anencephaly, spina bifida, and encephalocele, cause neural tube defects (NTDs). This congenital disability remained not only a major contributor to the prevalence of stillbirths and neonatal deaths but also a significant cause of lifelong physical disability in surviving infants. NTDs are complex diseases caused by multiple etiologies, levels, and mechanisms. Currently, the pathogenesis of NTDs is considered to be associated with both genetic and environmental factors. Here, we aimed to review the research progress on the etiology and mechanism of NTDs induced by methylation modification caused by folic acid deficiency. Folic acid supplementation in the diet is reported to be beneficial in preventing NTDs. Methylation modification is one of the most important epigenetic modifications crucial for brain neurodevelopment. Disturbances in folic acid metabolism and decreased S-adenosylmethionine levels lead to reduced methyl donors and methylation modification disorders. In this review, we summarized the relationship between NTDs, folic acid metabolism, and related methylation of DNA, imprinted genes, cytoskeletal protein, histone, RNA, and non-coding RNA, so as to clarify the role of folic acid and methylation in NTDs and to better understand the various pathogenesis mechanisms of NTDs and the effective prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Cao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Birth Defect and Cell Regeneration, Key Laboratory for Cellular Physiology of Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, No. 56, Xinjian South Road, Yingze District, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China,Shanxi Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Shanxi Biological Research Institute Co., Ltd, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jun Xie
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Birth Defect and Cell Regeneration, Key Laboratory for Cellular Physiology of Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, No. 56, Xinjian South Road, Yingze District, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Birth Defect and Cell Regeneration, Key Laboratory for Cellular Physiology of Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, No. 56, Xinjian South Road, Yingze District, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China,Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery and Liver Transplant Center, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, No. 56, Xinjian South Road, Yingze District, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China
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22
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Wang P, Zhang X, Zheng X, Gao J, Shang M, Xu J, Liang H. Folic Acid Protects against Hyperuricemia in C57BL/6J Mice via Ameliorating Gut-Kidney Axis Dysfunction. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:15787-15803. [PMID: 36473110 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c06297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Emerging lines of research evidence point to a vital role of gut-kidney axis in the development of hyperuricemia (HUA), which has been identified as an increasing burden worldwide due to the high prevalence. The involved crosstalk which links the metabolic and immune-related pathways is mainly responsible for maintaining the axial homeostasis of uric acid (UA) metabolism. Nowadays, the urate-lowering drugs only aim to treat acute gouty arthritis as a result of their controversial clinical application in HUA. In this study, we established the HUA model of C57BL/6J mice to evaluate the effectiveness of folic acid on UA metabolism and further explored the underlying mechanisms. Folic acid attenuated the kidney tissue injury and excretion dysfunction, as well as the typical fibrosis in HUA mice. Molecular docking results also revealed the structure-activity relationship of the folic acid metabolic unit and the UA transporters GLUT9 and URAT1, implying the potential interaction. Also, folic acid alleviated HUA-induced Th17/Treg imbalance and intestinal tissue damage and inhibited the active state of the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway, which is closely associated with the circulating LPS level caused by the impaired intestinal permeability. Furthermore, the changes of intestinal microecology induced by HUA were restored by folic acid, including the alteration in the structure and species composition of the gut microbiome community, and metabolite short-chain fatty acids. Collectively, this study revealed that folic acid intervention exerted improving effects on HUA by ameliorating gut-kidney axis dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Qingdao University, Ning Xia Road 308, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Xiaoqi Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Qingdao University, Ning Xia Road 308, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Xian Zheng
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Qingdao University, Ning Xia Road 308, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Jingru Gao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Qingdao University, Ning Xia Road 308, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Mengfei Shang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Qingdao University, Ning Xia Road 308, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Jinghan Xu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Qingdao University, Ning Xia Road 308, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Hui Liang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Qingdao University, Ning Xia Road 308, Qingdao 266071, China
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Wan Z, Zheng J, Zhu Z, Sang L, Zhu J, Luo S, Zhao Y, Wang R, Zhang Y, Hao K, Chen L, Du J, Kan J, He H. Intermediate role of gut microbiota in vitamin B nutrition and its influences on human health. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1031502. [PMID: 36583209 PMCID: PMC9792504 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1031502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin B consists of a group of water-soluble micronutrients that are mainly derived from the daily diet. They serve as cofactors, mediating multiple metabolic pathways in humans. As an integrated part of human health, gut microbiota could produce, consume, and even compete for vitamin B with the host. The interplay between gut microbiota and the host might be a crucial factor affecting the absorbing processes of vitamin B. On the other hand, vitamin B supplementation or deficiency might impact the growth of specific bacteria, resulting in changes in the composition and function of gut microbiota. Together, the interplay between vitamin B and gut microbiota might systemically contribute to human health. In this review, we summarized the interactions between vitamin B and gut microbiota and tried to reveal the underlying mechanism so that we can have a better understanding of its role in human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijie Wan
- Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | | | | | - Lan Sang
- Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jinwei Zhu
- Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shizheng Luo
- Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yixin Zhao
- Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ruirui Wang
- Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yicui Zhang
- Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kun Hao
- Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Liang Chen
- Nutrilite Health Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Du
- Nutrilite Health Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Juntao Kan
- Nutrilite Health Institute, Shanghai, China,*Correspondence: Juntao Kan,
| | - Hua He
- Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China,Hua He,
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24
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Lian Z, Wu Z, Gu R, Wang Y, Wu C, Cheng Z, He M, Wang Y, Cheng Y, Gu HF. Evaluation of Cardiovascular Toxicity of Folic Acid and 6S-5-Methyltetrahydrofolate-Calcium in Early Embryonic Development. Cells 2022; 11:cells11243946. [PMID: 36552710 PMCID: PMC9777352 DOI: 10.3390/cells11243946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Folic acid (FA) is a synthetic and highly stable version of folate, while 6S-5-methyltetrahydrofolate is the predominant form of dietary folate in circulation and is used as a crystalline form of calcium salt (MTHF-Ca). The current study aims to evaluate the toxicity and safety of FA and MTHF-Ca on embryonic development, with a focus on cardiovascular defects. We began to analyze the toxicity of FA and MTHF-Ca in zebrafish from four to seventy-two hours postfertilization and assessed the efficacy of FA and MTHF-Ca in a zebrafish angiogenesis model. We then analyzed the differently expressed genes in in vitro fertilized murine blastocysts cultured with FA and MTHF-Ca. By using gene-expression profiling, we identified a novel gene in mice that encodes an essential eukaryotic translation initiation factor (Eif1ad7). We further applied the morpholino-mediated gene-knockdown approach to explore whether the FA inhibition of this gene (eif1axb in zebrafish) caused cardiac development disorders, which we confirmed with qRT-PCR. We found that FA, but not MTHF-Ca, could inhibit angiogenesis in zebrafish and result in abnormal cardiovascular development, leading to embryonic death owing to the downregulation of eif1axb. MTHF-Ca, however, had no such cardiotoxicity, unlike FA. The current study thereby provides experimental evidence that FA, rather than MTHF-Ca, has cardiovascular toxicity in early embryonic development and suggests that excessive supplementation of FA in perinatal women may be related to the potential risk of cardiovascular disorders, such as congenital heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zenglin Lian
- Institute of Biological Chinese Medicine, Beijing Yichuang Institute of Biotechnology Industry, Beijing 100023, China
| | - Zhuanbin Wu
- Shanghai Model Organisms Center, Inc., Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Rui Gu
- Institute of Biological Chinese Medicine, Beijing Yichuang Institute of Biotechnology Industry, Beijing 100023, China
| | - Yurong Wang
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Chenhua Wu
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Zhengpei Cheng
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Mingfang He
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Yanli Wang
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Birth Defect Prevention, Henan Institute of Reproductive Health Science and Technology, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Yongzhi Cheng
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
- Correspondence: (Y.C.); (H.F.G.)
| | - Harvest F. Gu
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Correspondence: (Y.C.); (H.F.G.)
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25
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Liu Z, Jin L, Zhang J, Zhou W, Zeng J, Zhang T, Zhang C. The establishment of LC-MS/MS assays-specific reference intervals for serum folates and its application in evaluating FA-supplemented folate deficiency patients: Appeals for a suitable and individualized supplementation. Clin Chim Acta 2022; 537:96-104. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2022.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Fyfe S, Hong H, Schirra HJ, Smyth HE, Sultanbawa Y, Rychlik M. Folate vitamers in the Australian green plum: Through growth and ripening and across locations. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1006393. [PMID: 36313068 PMCID: PMC9614220 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1006393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The green plum is a native fruit of Australia that grows on the tree Buchanania obovata. This study aimed to confirm the high level of folate in green plums by analyzing a large number of ripe samples from multiple locations and to understand how folate vitamers change as the fruit grows through maturity stages. This study analyzed green plums for five vitamers of folate, H4folate, 5-CH3-H4folate, 5-CHO-H4folate, 10-CHO-PteGlu, and PteGlu (folic acid) using a stable isotope dilution assay on a liquid chromatograph mass spectrometer (LC-MS). Green plums were tested from four locations, two harvests and five maturity stages. Another 11 ripe samples, each from different tree clumps from one location, were also tested as were ripe red-colored green plums. The results show the 5-CH3-H4folate in green plum increases and accumulates in the fruit through development, ripening and senescence. The ripe green plums contain between 82.4 ± 5.5 and 149.4 ± 10.7 μg/100 g Fresh Weight (FW). The red-colored green plums are even higher in folate, with total folate measured as 192.5 ± 7.0 and 293.7 ± 27.4 μg/100 g FW, and further analysis of them is suggested. There is some variation in amounts of folate between fruit from different locations and sets of trees, but all ripe green plums tested are considered good dietary sources of folate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selina Fyfe
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Hung Hong
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Horst Joachim Schirra
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Centre for Advanced Imaging, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Heather E. Smyth
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Yasmina Sultanbawa
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Michael Rychlik
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Chair of Analytical Food Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
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Yeroshkina K, Rossokha Z, Fishchuk L, Gorovenko N. Betaine consumption as a new clinical approach to treatment and prophylaxis of folate-related pathologies. Nutr Rev 2022; 81:716-726. [PMID: 36164833 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuac084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The most important pathway in the development of folate-related pathologies is an increase in the level of homocysteine (HC). HC, a cytotoxic and neurotoxic amino acid (when its level is ≥12 μmol/L), is 1 of the most widely studied compounds in cardiology, neurobiology, oncology, and embryology for the last 20 years. Given its toxicity, the processes of endogenous detoxification of HC are of particular interest to medicine. To date, the most studied pathway is that of remethylation (the conversion of HC to methionine), with the participation of B12- and B9-dependent methionine synthase. Less studied is remethylation with the participation of the choline derivatives betaine and betaine-HC-S-methyltransferase (BHMT). Therefore, the aim of this review was to conduct a theoretical analysis of available information regarding the contribution of betaine metabolism, its enzyme, and its genetic polymorphism to folate metabolism disturbances, and the development of folate-related pathologies. This review emphasizes the potential clinical significance of 2 factors that can influence the remethylation reaction of HC: the use of betaine and identifying the BHMT gene variants and their impact on the risk for developing certain folate-related pathologies, and treatment options. Moreover, with a high level of methylation of the BHMT gene and in the presence of its low-function variants (eg, rs3733890), it is necessary to use betaine as an additional methyl donor, especially during folate therapy. More clinical research is needed to identify the effects of the different BHMT gene variants on the individual risk for folate-related pathologies to better assess the clinical significance, the need for genetic testing, and betaine consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krystyna Yeroshkina
- State Institution "Reference-Centre for Molecular Diagnostic of Public Health Ministry of Ukraine," Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Zoia Rossokha
- State Institution "Reference-Centre for Molecular Diagnostic of Public Health Ministry of Ukraine," Kyiv, Ukraine.,State Institute of Genetic and Regenerative Medicine, National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Liliya Fishchuk
- State Institution "Reference-Centre for Molecular Diagnostic of Public Health Ministry of Ukraine," Kyiv, Ukraine.,State Institute of Genetic and Regenerative Medicine, National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Nataliia Gorovenko
- State Institute of Genetic and Regenerative Medicine, National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
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Akiyama T, Kuki I, Kim K, Yamamoto N, Yamada Y, Igarashi K, Ishihara T, Hatano Y, Kobayashi K. Folic acid inhibits 5‐methyltetrahydrofolate transport across the blood–cerebrospinal fluid barrier: Clinical biochemical data from two cases. JIMD Rep 2022; 63:529-535. [PMID: 36341171 PMCID: PMC9626660 DOI: 10.1002/jmd2.12321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The use of folic acid (FA) has been discouraged in cerebral folate deficiency (CFD) because, theoretically, it could inhibit the transport of 5‐methyltetrahydrofolic acid (5MTHF) across the blood–cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) barrier. We present the clinical biochemical data of two cases with CFD to support this hypothesis. Methods We measured CSF and serum 5MTHF concentrations in a patient with Kearns‐Sayre syndrome (KSS) and a patient homozygous for MTHFR C677T polymorphism before and during folate supplementation therapy. To evaluate these 5MTHF concentrations, we also analyzed CSF and serum samples in pediatric patients without folate supplementation. Results Both patients had low CSF 5MTHF before treatment and high‐dose FA therapy did not normalize CSF 5MTHF. There was a dissociation between serum total folate and 5MTHF concentrations during FA therapy, which was considered to be due to the appearance of unmetabolized FA. The addition of folinic acid did not improve low CSF 5MTHF in the KSS patient and the cessation of FA resulted in the normalization of CSF 5MTHF. In the patient homozygous for MTHFR C677T, minimization of the FA dosage resulted in the normalization of CSF 5MTHF and an increased CSF‐to‐serum 5MTHF ratio. Conclusions Our data suggest that excess supplementation of FA impaired 5MTHF transport across the blood–CSF barrier. In the treatment of CFD, supplementation of folinic acid or 5MTHF (in cases of impaired 5MTHF synthesis) is preferred over the use of FA. The reference values of CSF 5MTHF concentration based on 600 pediatric cases were also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyuki Akiyama
- Department of Child Neurology Okayama University Hospital Okayama Japan
- Department of Child Neurology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Okayama Japan
| | - Ichiro Kuki
- Department of Pediatric Neurology Osaka City General Hospital Osaka Japan
| | - Kiyohiro Kim
- Department of Pediatric Neurology Osaka City General Hospital Osaka Japan
- Department of Pediatric Neurology Hyogo Prefectural Amagasaki General Medical Center Hyogo Japan
| | - Naohiro Yamamoto
- Department of Pediatric Neurology Osaka City General Hospital Osaka Japan
| | - Yumi Yamada
- Department of Neurology National Hospital Organization Nishiniigata Chuo Hospital Niigata Japan
- Department of Neurology, Brain Research Institute Niigata University Niigata Japan
| | - Kazuya Igarashi
- Department of Neurology National Hospital Organization Nishiniigata Chuo Hospital Niigata Japan
| | - Tomohiko Ishihara
- Department of Neurology, Brain Research Institute Niigata University Niigata Japan
| | - Yuya Hatano
- Department of Neurology, Brain Research Institute Niigata University Niigata Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Kobayashi
- Department of Child Neurology Okayama University Hospital Okayama Japan
- Department of Child Neurology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Okayama Japan
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29
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Women Taking a Folic Acid Supplement in Countries with Mandatory Food Fortification Programs May Be Exceeding the Upper Tolerable Limit of Folic Acid: A Systematic Review. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14132715. [PMID: 35807899 PMCID: PMC9268323 DOI: 10.3390/nu14132715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: In preconception and pregnancy, women are encouraged to take folic acid-based supplements over and above food intake. The upper tolerable limit of folic acid is 1000 mcg per day; however, this level was determined to avoid masking a vitamin B12 deficiency and not based on folic acid bioavailability and metabolism. This review’s aim is to assess the total all-source intake of folate in women of childbearing age and in pregnancy in high-income countries with folate food fortification programs. Methods: A systematic search was conducted in five databases to find studies published since 1998 that reported folate and folic acid intake in countries with a mandatory fortification policy. Results: Women of childbearing age do not receive sufficient folate intake from food sources alone even when consuming fortified food products; however, almost all women taking a folic acid-based supplement exceed the upper tolerable limit of folic acid intake. Conclusions: Folic acid supplement recommendations and the upper tolerable limit of 1000 mcg set by policy makers warrant careful review in light of potential adverse effects of exceeding the upper tolerable limit on folic acid absorption and metabolism, and subsequent impacts on women’s health during their childbearing years.
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Lee MH, Medina Munoz M, Rio RVM. The Tsetse Metabolic Gambit: Living on Blood by Relying on Symbionts Demands Synchronization. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:905826. [PMID: 35756042 PMCID: PMC9218860 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.905826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tsetse flies have socioeconomic significance as the obligate vector of multiple Trypanosoma parasites, the causative agents of Human and Animal African Trypanosomiases. Like many animals subsisting on a limited diet, microbial symbiosis is key to supplementing nutrient deficiencies necessary for metabolic, reproductive, and immune functions. Extensive studies on the microbiota in parallel to tsetse biology have unraveled the many dependencies partners have for one another. But far less is known mechanistically on how products are swapped between partners and how these metabolic exchanges are regulated, especially to address changing physiological needs. More specifically, how do metabolites contributed by one partner get to the right place at the right time and in the right amounts to the other partner? Epigenetics is the study of molecules and mechanisms that regulate the inheritance, gene activity and expression of traits that are not due to DNA sequence alone. The roles that epigenetics provide as a mechanistic link between host phenotype, metabolism and microbiota (both in composition and activity) is relatively unknown and represents a frontier of exploration. Here, we take a closer look at blood feeding insects with emphasis on the tsetse fly, to specifically propose roles for microRNAs (miRNA) and DNA methylation, in maintaining insect-microbiota functional homeostasis. We provide empirical details to addressing these hypotheses and advancing these studies. Deciphering how microbiota and host activity are harmonized may foster multiple applications toward manipulating host health, including identifying novel targets for innovative vector control strategies to counter insidious pests such as tsetse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mason H Lee
- Department of Biology, Eberly College of Arts and Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States
| | - Miguel Medina Munoz
- Department of Biology, Eberly College of Arts and Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States.,Department of Bacteriology, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Rita V M Rio
- Department of Biology, Eberly College of Arts and Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States
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WU H, ZHANG Z, WANG Y, ZHANG T, QI S, TANG Y, GAO X. Investigation into the Properties of L-5-Methyltetrahydrofolate and Seal Oil as a Potential Atherosclerosis Intervention in Rats. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 2022; 68:87-96. [DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.68.87] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hong WU
- Department of Physical and Chemical Inspection, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University
| | - Zhengduo ZHANG
- Department of Physical and Chemical Inspection, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University
| | - Yuxin WANG
- Department of Physical and Chemical Inspection, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University
| | - Tianran ZHANG
- Department of Physical and Chemical Inspection, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University
| | - Shaojun QI
- Department of Physical and Chemical Inspection, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University
| | - Yanjin TANG
- Department of Physical and Chemical Inspection, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University
| | - Xibao GAO
- Department of Physical and Chemical Inspection, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University
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Xiong H, Li X, Cheng S, Chen P, Guo S, Huang X, Lu Y. Folate Status and Mortality in US Adults With Diabetes: A Nationally Representative Cohort Study. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:802247. [PMID: 35548409 PMCID: PMC9082538 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.802247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundPublic health concerns have gradually shifted from inadequate intakes to potential adverse effects associated with excessive folate intakes following the full implementation of mandatory folate fortification. This study aimed to examine the associations of red blood cell (RBC) folate with all-cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality among patients with diabetes.MethodsData of 15,514 adults aged 20 years or older, who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1988–1994), were analyzed as the baseline examination. The participants were linked to mortality data from the survey date until December 31, 2015. The associations of RBC folate with all-cause and CVD mortality were examined using multivariable Cox regression models.ResultsDuring 297,708 person–years of follow-up (median of 19.2 years), 6,106 total deaths occurred, including 1,867 deaths from CVD, 1452 deaths from ischemic heart disease, and 415 deaths from stroke disease. The participants with the highest quartile of RBC folate had higher odds of diabetes (fully-adjusted odds ratio: 1.94 [95% CI: 1.53–2.48]). In Cox regression analyses, compared with the participants with the lowest quartile of RBC folate for diabetes, those from quartile 3 and quartile 4 had HRs (95% CIs) of 1.12 (0.87, 1.43) and 1.30 (1.04, 1.63) in all-cause mortality, respectively; in CVD mortality, the HRs were 1.73 (1.08, 2.76) and 1.47 (0.98, 2.22); in ischemic heart disease mortality, they were 2.01 (1.19, 3.39) and 1.62 (1.05, 2.50), respectively. However, high levels of RBC folate were negatively associated with all-cause mortality, CVD mortality and ischemic heart disease mortality in non-diabetes.ConclusionFrom the nationally representative data, increasing levels in RBC folate were independently associated with an increased risk of all-cause and CVD mortality among those diagnosed with diabetes, but high levels of RBC folate had a mild protective effect in non-diabetes. The underlying mechanism regarding folate and adverse outcomes in diabetes warrants further clarification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Xiong
- Cardiac Function Department, Wuhan Wuchang Hospital, Wuchang Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Li
- Cardiac Function Department, Wuhan Wuchang Hospital, Wuchang Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuxian Cheng
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Pengyu Chen
- Cardiac Function Department, Wuhan Wuchang Hospital, Wuchang Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Sixu Guo
- Cardiac Function Department, Wuhan Wuchang Hospital, Wuchang Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xianli Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Wuhan Wuchang Hospital, Wuchang Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Xianli Huang
| | - Yu Lu
- Department of Cardiology, Wuhan Wuchang Hospital, Wuchang Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Yu Lu
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Isaković J, Šimunić I, Jagečić D, Hribljan V, Mitrečić D. Overview of Neural Tube Defects: Gene–Environment Interactions, Preventative Approaches and Future Perspectives. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10050965. [PMID: 35625701 PMCID: PMC9138472 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10050965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Neural tube defects (NTDs) are the second most common congenital malformations of humans, characterized by impaired development of the central nervous system. Even though the etiology of most birth defects remains undetermined, genetic and environmental risk factors in the background of NTDs have been identified and extensively reported. On top of genetic and nutritional risks which include mutations in both coding and non-coding regions and maternal folate status, respectively, recent years have seen a rise in the identification of a variety of teratogens that could be implicated in NTD development. These include polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, arsenic, pesticides, maternal hyperthermia and antibiotics as well as pain and seizure medication. With an increase in understanding of teratogens leading to NTD formation, preventative and treatment approaches have witnessed great advances throughout the years. While the most common preventative approach includes folic acid food fortification as well as suggested inositol supplementation, treatment and management approaches differ greatly depending on the developmental stage and the site of the lesion and include prenatal surgery, stem cell transplantation and postnatal surgery. Because NTDs still represent a large health and financial burden for the patient and society as a whole, it is crucial to investigate potential risk factors and develop novel approaches in order to fully prevent this category of disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmina Isaković
- Omnion Research International Ltd., Heinzelova 4, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Histology and Embryology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (D.J.); (V.H.); (D.M.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Iva Šimunić
- Laboratory for Stem Cells, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Denis Jagečić
- Department of Histology and Embryology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (D.J.); (V.H.); (D.M.)
- Laboratory for Stem Cells, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Valentina Hribljan
- Department of Histology and Embryology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (D.J.); (V.H.); (D.M.)
- Laboratory for Stem Cells, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Dinko Mitrečić
- Department of Histology and Embryology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (D.J.); (V.H.); (D.M.)
- Laboratory for Stem Cells, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
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Folic Acid Treatment Directly Influences the Genetic and Epigenetic Regulation along with the Associated Cellular Maintenance Processes of HT-29 and SW480 Colorectal Cancer Cell Lines. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14071820. [PMID: 35406592 PMCID: PMC8997840 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14071820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Folic acid (FA) participates in DNA synthesis and in DNA methylation; hence, it has a dual role in established neoplasms. We aimed to observe this phenomenon on FA-treated colorectal cancer cell lines (HT-29, SW480). Our results demonstrated that the maintenance processes, namely cell proliferation, cell viability, and DNA repair, were altered in HT-29 cells for short-term FA supplementation, while genetic and epigenetic regulations of SW480 cells were also affected. Despite the fact that FA is a precursor molecule in methyl donor formation, DNA methylation alterations were observed in both directions, primarily influencing the pathways of carcinogenesis. Moreover, behind the great number of differentially expressed genes, other FA-related effects than promoter methylation were suspected. All of our results point beyond the attributes related to FA so far. The different response of the two cell lines is worth considering in clinical practice to facilitate the effectiveness of therapy in the case of tumor heterogeneity. Abstract Folic acid (FA) is a synthetic form of vitamin B9, generally used as a nutritional supplement and an adjunctive medication in cancer therapy. FA is involved in genetic and epigenetic regulation; therefore, it has a dual modulatory role in established neoplasms. We aimed to investigate the effect of short-term (72 h) FA supplementation on colorectal cancer; hence, HT-29 and SW480 cells were exposed to different FA concentrations (0, 100, 10,000 ng/mL). HT-29 cell proliferation and viability levels elevated after 100 ng/mL but decreased for 10,000 ng/mL FA. Additionally, a significant (p ≤ 0.05) improvement of genomic stability was detected in HT-29 cells with micronucleus scoring and comet assay. Conversely, the FA treatment did not alter these parameters in SW480 samples. RRBS results highlighted that DNA methylation changes were bidirectional in both cells, mainly affecting carcinogenesis-related pathways. Based on the microarray analysis, promoter methylation status was in accordance with FA-induced expression alterations of 27 genes. Our study demonstrates that the FA effect was highly dependent on the cell type, which can be attributed to the distinct molecular background and the different expression of proliferation- and DNA-repair-associated genes (YWHAZ, HES1, STAT3, CCL2). Moreover, new aspects of FA-regulated DNA methylation and consecutive gene expression were revealed.
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Bajic Z, Sobot T, Skrbic R, Stojiljkovic MP, Ponorac N, Matavulj A, Djuric DM. Homocysteine, Vitamins B6 and Folic Acid in Experimental Models of Myocardial Infarction and Heart Failure—How Strong Is That Link? Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12040536. [PMID: 35454125 PMCID: PMC9027107 DOI: 10.3390/biom12040536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death and the main cause of disability. In the last decade, homocysteine has been found to be a risk factor or a marker for cardiovascular diseases, including myocardial infarction (MI) and heart failure (HF). There are indications that vitamin B6 plays a significant role in the process of transsulfuration in homocysteine metabolism, specifically, in a part of the reaction in which homocysteine transfers a sulfhydryl group to serine to form α-ketobutyrate and cysteine. Therefore, an elevated homocysteine concentration (hyperhomocysteinemia) could be a consequence of vitamin B6 and/or folate deficiency. Hyperhomocysteinemia in turn could damage the endothelium and the blood vessel wall and induce worsening of atherosclerotic process, having a negative impact on the mechanisms underlying MI and HF, such as oxidative stress, inflammation, and altered function of gasotransmitters. Given the importance of the vitamin B6 in homocysteine metabolism, in this paper, we review its role in reducing oxidative stress and inflammation, influencing the functions of gasotransmitters, and improving vasodilatation and coronary flow in animal models of MI and HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zorislava Bajic
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Banja Luka, 78000 Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina; (Z.B.); (T.S.); (N.P.); (A.M.)
| | - Tanja Sobot
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Banja Luka, 78000 Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina; (Z.B.); (T.S.); (N.P.); (A.M.)
| | - Ranko Skrbic
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Banja Luka, 78000 Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina; (R.S.); (M.P.S.)
| | - Milos P. Stojiljkovic
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Banja Luka, 78000 Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina; (R.S.); (M.P.S.)
| | - Nenad Ponorac
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Banja Luka, 78000 Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina; (Z.B.); (T.S.); (N.P.); (A.M.)
| | - Amela Matavulj
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Banja Luka, 78000 Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina; (Z.B.); (T.S.); (N.P.); (A.M.)
| | - Dragan M. Djuric
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical Physiology “Richard Burian”, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Correspondence:
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Assessment of the Teratogenic Effect of Sulfadoxine-Pyrimethamine on the Chicken Embryo. J Toxicol 2022; 2022:2995492. [PMID: 35340707 PMCID: PMC8941585 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2995492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine combination is a product used in the intermittent preventive treatment (IPT) of malaria in pregnant women in our country. To date, there is very little data on the teratogenic effect of this product. This study proposed to evaluate the teratogenic effect of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine on chicken embryos. Methods The teratogenic effect of the product was evaluated on chicken embryos at a dose of 1.3 mg/g sulfadoxine and 0.06 mg/g pyrimethamine. The product was injected before the start of incubation and on days 12, 14, 16, and 18 of incubation. One batch received a double injection of the product on days 16 and 18 of incubation. The quality of the hatched chicks was evaluated by the Tona Score followed by the determination of hematological and biochemical parameters. Results From the aforementioned, it appears that the eggs treated with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine significantly decreased the hatchability rate of the eggs. The chicks obtained were all of very good quality. Apart from a significant decrease in the weight of the chicks of the batch that received the injection twice and a significant increase in the weight of the yolk sac of the chicks of the batch that received the injection on day 16 compared to the control, no variation was obtained. A significant increase in the white blood cell count of the chicks compared to the control was reported in the chicks of the batch injected before incubation and on day 12, as well as a significant increase in the platelet count of the chicks of the batch injected twice. For biochemical parameters, no significant difference was reported in ALT and AST. Conclusion Sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine decreased egg hatch and caused an increase in embryo and chick mortality as well as a loss in relative chick weight and an increase in relative yolk sac weight. More in-depth studies would be needed on sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine teratogenicity and the benefit/risk ratio of this drug during pregnancy.
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Alhameedy MM, Basendwh MA. Influence of narrowband ultraviolet B phototherapy on serum folate level in skin of color females: A cross-sectional study. Int J Womens Dermatol 2022; 8:e005. [PMID: 35620029 PMCID: PMC9112384 DOI: 10.1097/jw9.0000000000000005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Narrowband ultraviolet B (NB-UVB) (311-312 nm) is widely used for dermatological conditions with a favorable side-effect profile during pregnancy. Recently published data showed that NB-UVB might decrease serum folate level in Fitzpatrick skin phenotype I-III, especially at higher doses; this may predispose newborns to neural tube defects. Objective To compare serum folate levels of skin of color females treated with NB-UVB and healthy females of childbearing age, as well as to note whether subsequent complications have been observed, if any. Methods Multicenter, cross-sectional study of 30 females (N = 30): 15 female patients undergoing NB-UVB phototherapy as well as 15 age-, gender-, and skin phenotype-matched healthy volunteers who were enrolled into the study after excluding factors known to alter serum folate concentration. NB-UVB exposures were performed 2-3 times a week for at least 8-12 weeks (mean cumulative NB-UVB dose ± standard deviation [SD] was 55 ± 79 J/cm2). Results Mean serum folate ± SD in NB-UVB exposed and healthy controls were 10.3 ± 4 and 8.3 ± 3 ng/mL, respectively. This was not a statistically significant difference between the 2 groups (P = .14). Limitations Small sample size (N = 30) and a cross-sectional study type. Conclusion Cumulative NB-UVB exposure is not associated with a statistically significant difference in serum folate level (P > .05) in skin of color females of childbearing age in comparison to age-, gender-, and skin phenotype-matched healthy females, even with the relatively higher cumulative doses (mean ± SD was 55 ± 79 J/cm2) that have been shown to reduce serum folate level in lighter skin phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meshal M. Alhameedy
- Department of Dermatology, King Fahd Specialist Hospital, Buraydah, Qassim, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad A. Basendwh
- Department of Dermatology, King Fahad Armed Forces Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Folic Acid, Folinic Acid, 5 Methyl TetraHydroFolate Supplementation for Mutations That Affect Epigenesis through the Folate and One-Carbon Cycles. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12020197. [PMID: 35204698 PMCID: PMC8961567 DOI: 10.3390/biom12020197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Methylation is an essential biochemical mechanism that is central to the transmission of life, and crucially responsible for regulating gametogenesis and continued embryo development. The methylation of DNA and histones drives cell division and regulation of gene expression through epigenesis and imprinting. Brain development and its maturation also depend on correct lipid methylation, and continued neuronal function depends on biogenic amines that require methylation for their synthesis. All methylation processes are carried out via a methyltransferase enzyme and its unique co-factor S-adenosylmethionine (SAM); the transfer of a methyl group to a target molecule results in the release of SAH (SA homocysteine), and then homocysteine (Hcy). Both of these molecules are toxic, inhibiting methylation in a variety of ways, and Hcy recycling to methionine is imperative; this is achieved via the one carbon cycle, supported by the folates cycle. Folate deficiency causes hyperhomocysteinaemia, with several associated diseases; during early pregnancy, deficiency interferes with closure of the neural tube at the fourth week of gestation, and nutraceutical supplementation has been routinely prescribed to prevent neural tube defects, mainly involving B vitamins, Zn and folates. The two metabolic pathways are subject to single nucleotide polymorphisms that alter their activity/capacity, often severely, impairing specific physiological functions including fertility, brain and cardiac function. The impact of three types of nutraceutical supplements, folic acid (FA), folinic acid (FLA) and 5 Methyl THF (MTHF), will be discussed here, with their positive effects alongside potentially hazardous secondary effects. The issue surrounding FA and its association with UMFA (unmetabolized folic acid) syndrome is now a matter of concern, as UMFA is currently found in the umbilical cord of the fetus, and even in infants’ blood. We will discuss its putative role in influencing the acquisition of epigenetic marks in the germline, acquired during embryogenesis, as well as the role of FA in the management of cancerous disease.
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OUP accepted manuscript. Nutr Rev 2022; 80:2178-2197. [DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuac025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Quevedo-Ocampo J, Escobedo-Calvario A, Souza-Arroyo V, Miranda-Labra RU, Bucio-Ortiz L, Gutiérrez-Ruiz MC, Chávez-Rodríguez L, Gomez-Quiroz LE. Folate Metabolism in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. What Do We Know So Far? Technol Cancer Res Treat 2022; 21:15330338221144446. [PMID: 36503290 DOI: 10.1177/15330338221144446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells are characterized by accelerated proliferation and an outstanding adaptation of their metabolic pathways to meet energy demands. The folate cycle, also known as folate metabolism or one-carbon metabolism, through enzymatic interconversions, provides metabolites necessary for nucleotide synthesis, methylation, and reduction power, helping to maintain the high rate of proliferation; therefore, the study of this metabolic pathway is of great importance in the study of cancer. Moreover, multiple enzymes involved in this cycle have been implicated in different types of cancer, corroborating the cell's adaptations under this pathology. During the last decade, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease has emerged as the leading etiology related to the rise in the incidence and deaths of hepatocellular carcinoma. Specifically, cholesterol accumulation has been a determinant promoter of tumor formation, with solid evidence that an enriched-cholesterol diet plays a crucial role in accelerating the development of an aggressive subtype of hepatocellular carcinoma compared to other models. In this review, we will discuss the most recent findings to understand the contribution of folate metabolism to cancer cells and tumor microenvironment while creating a link between the dynamics given by cholesterol and methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase 1-like, a key enzyme of the cycle located in the mitochondrial compartment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaqueline Quevedo-Ocampo
- Área de Medicina Experimental y Traslacional, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, 27786Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Mexico City, Mexico.,Posgrado en Biología Experimental, DCBS, Universidad Autónoma Metrolitana-Iztapalapa, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Escobedo-Calvario
- Área de Medicina Experimental y Traslacional, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, 27786Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Mexico City, Mexico.,Posgrado en Biología Experimental, DCBS, Universidad Autónoma Metrolitana-Iztapalapa, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Verónica Souza-Arroyo
- Área de Medicina Experimental y Traslacional, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, 27786Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Mexico City, Mexico.,Laboratorio de Medicina Experimental, Unidad de Medicina Traslacional IIB/UNAM, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Roxana U Miranda-Labra
- Área de Medicina Experimental y Traslacional, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, 27786Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Mexico City, Mexico.,Laboratorio de Medicina Experimental, Unidad de Medicina Traslacional IIB/UNAM, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Leticia Bucio-Ortiz
- Área de Medicina Experimental y Traslacional, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, 27786Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Mexico City, Mexico.,Laboratorio de Medicina Experimental, Unidad de Medicina Traslacional IIB/UNAM, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - María C Gutiérrez-Ruiz
- Área de Medicina Experimental y Traslacional, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, 27786Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Mexico City, Mexico.,Laboratorio de Medicina Experimental, Unidad de Medicina Traslacional IIB/UNAM, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Lisette Chávez-Rodríguez
- Área de Medicina Experimental y Traslacional, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, 27786Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Mexico City, Mexico.,Posgrado en Biología Experimental, DCBS, Universidad Autónoma Metrolitana-Iztapalapa, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Luis E Gomez-Quiroz
- Área de Medicina Experimental y Traslacional, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, 27786Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Mexico City, Mexico.,Laboratorio de Medicina Experimental, Unidad de Medicina Traslacional IIB/UNAM, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, Mexico
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Naderi N, Savard P, Doyen A, Pouliot Y, House JD. In vitro digestion of folate in yolk and granule fraction as tested in a dynamic, computer-controlled model of stomach and small intestine. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.112494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Elias MF, Brown CJ. New Evidence for Homocysteine Lowering for Management of Treatment-Resistant Hypertension. Am J Hypertens 2021; 35:303-305. [PMID: 34935029 PMCID: PMC8976174 DOI: 10.1093/ajh/hpab194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Merrill F Elias
- Department of Psychology, University of Maine and Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, Maine, USA,Correspondence: Merrill F. Elias ()
| | - Craig J Brown
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
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Wu Y, Smith AD, Bastani NE, Refsum H, Kwok T. The dihydrofolate reductase 19-bp deletion modifies the beneficial effect of B-vitamin therapy in mild cognitive impairment: Pooled study of two randomized placebo-controlled trials. Hum Mol Genet 2021; 31:1151-1158. [PMID: 34788822 PMCID: PMC8976423 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddab246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Higher serum homocysteine is associated with cognitive decline in older people. But homocysteine-lowering trials including folic acid (FA) show inconsistent results on cognitive decline. The reduction of FA to dihydrofolate by dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) is slow in humans. OBJECTIVE We examined the effects of the DHFR 19-bp deletion/insertion (del/ins) polymorphism on FA-containing treatment on cognitive decline and brain atrophy in older people with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). METHODS This study used pooled data from two randomized B-vitamin trials on 545 MCI subjects who received either FA-containing B vitamins or placebo for 24 months. Subjects were typed for the DHFR genotype. Primary outcome was the Clinical Dementia Rating scale-global score (CDR-global). Secondary outcomes were CDR-sum of boxes score (CDR-SOB), memory and executive Z-scores, and whole brain atrophy rate by serial MRI. RESULTS The proportion of subjects with del/del, del/ins and ins/ins genotype were 29.5%, 44.3% and 26.1%, respectively. DHFR genotypes modified the effects of B vitamins on CDR-global, CDR-SOB and executive function Z-score (Pinteraction = 0.017, 0.014 and 0.052, respectively), with significant benefits being observed only in those with ins/ins genotype (Beta = -1.367, -0.614 and 0.315, P = 0.004, 0.014 and 0.012, respectively). The interaction was not significant for memory Z-score and whole brain atrophy rate. Notably, the supplements only slowed brain atrophy in members of the 'ins/ins' group who were not using aspirin. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate that the beneficial effects of B vitamins including FA on cognitive function are only apparent in those with ins/ins genotype, i.e. relatively better preserved DHFR activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Wu
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - A David Smith
- Oxford Project to Investigate Memory and Ageing (OPTIMA), Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Nasser E Bastani
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Helga Refsum
- Oxford Project to Investigate Memory and Ageing (OPTIMA), Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.,Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Timothy Kwok
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Nicolov M, Cocora M, Buda V, Danciu C, Duse AO, Watz C, Borcan F. Hydrosoluble and Liposoluble Vitamins: New Perspectives through ADMET Analysis. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2021; 57:1204. [PMID: 34833423 PMCID: PMC8622797 DOI: 10.3390/medicina57111204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: The present study demonstrates that apart from the well-known toxicity of liposoluble vitamins, some hydrosoluble vitamins may also exert toxicity; thus, routine supplementation with vitamins or ingestion of fortified foods should not be considered harmless. The study addresses the possible correlations between the physico-chemical properties and the side effects of vitamins when taken in high doses or for a too long a period. Materials and Methods: The FAFDrugs4.0 computational tool was used for computational assessment of the ADMET profile of several hydro- and liposoluble vitamins. Results: ADMET analysis revealed the following major data: vitamin B3 and B13 showed reduced structural complexity; thus, a relative toxicological potential may be exerted. Vitamins B1 and B7 were found to have good oral absorption and thus good bioavailability, while Vitamin B3 was found to have decreased oral absorption. In addition, all of the liposoluble vitamins reflected higher complexity, much greater than most of the potentially therapeutically-proven compounds. Conclusions: The present study emphasizes the importance between the physico-chemical properties of vitamins and their possible toxicological impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirela Nicolov
- Departament of Pharmaceutical Physics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Victor Babeș University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2nd Eftimie Murgu Square, 300041 Timișoara, Romania;
| | - Mioara Cocora
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases Timișoara, 13A Gh Adam Street, 300310 Timișoara, Romania;
| | - Valentina Buda
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Communication in Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Care, Faculty of Pharmacy, Victor Babeş University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2nd Eftimie Murgu Square, 300041 Timișoara, Romania;
- Research Centre for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluation, Victor Babeş University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2nd Eftimie Murgu Square, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Corina Danciu
- Research Centre for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluation, Victor Babeş University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2nd Eftimie Murgu Square, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Victor Babeș University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2nd Eftimie Murgu Square, 300041 Timișoara, Romania;
| | - Adina Octavia Duse
- Department of Balneology, Medical Recovery and Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Victor Babeș University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2nd Eftimie Murgu Square, 300041 Timișoara, Romania;
| | - Claudia Watz
- Departament of Pharmaceutical Physics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Victor Babeș University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2nd Eftimie Murgu Square, 300041 Timișoara, Romania;
- Research Centre for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluation, Victor Babeş University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2nd Eftimie Murgu Square, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Florin Borcan
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Victor Babeș University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2nd Eftimie Murgu Square, 300041 Timișoara, Romania;
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Fan HC, Lee HF, Yue CT, Chi CS. Clinical Characteristics of Mitochondrial Encephalomyopathy, Lactic Acidosis, and Stroke-Like Episodes. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11111111. [PMID: 34832987 PMCID: PMC8617702 DOI: 10.3390/life11111111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes (MELAS) syndrome, a maternally inherited mitochondrial disorder, is characterized by its genetic, biochemical and clinical complexity. The most common mutation associated with MELAS syndrome is the mtDNA A3243G mutation in the MT-TL1 gene encoding the mitochondrial tRNA-leu(UUR), which results in impaired mitochondrial translation and protein synthesis involving the mitochondrial electron transport chain complex subunits, leading to impaired mitochondrial energy production. Angiopathy, either alone or in combination with nitric oxide (NO) deficiency, further contributes to multi-organ involvement in MELAS syndrome. Management for MELAS syndrome is amostly symptomatic multidisciplinary approach. In this article, we review the clinical presentations, pathogenic mechanisms and options for management of MELAS syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hueng-Chuen Fan
- Department of Pediatrics, Tungs’ Taichung Metroharbor Hospital, Wuchi, Taichung 435, Taiwan; (H.-C.F.); (C.-T.Y.)
- Department of Medical Research, Tungs’ Taichung Metroharbor Hospital, Wuchi, Taichung 435, Taiwan
- Department of Rehabilitation, Jen-Teh Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Miaoli 356, Taiwan
- Department of Life Sciences, Agricultural Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Fen Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 407, Taiwan;
| | - Chen-Tang Yue
- Department of Pediatrics, Tungs’ Taichung Metroharbor Hospital, Wuchi, Taichung 435, Taiwan; (H.-C.F.); (C.-T.Y.)
| | - Ching-Shiang Chi
- Department of Pediatrics, Tungs’ Taichung Metroharbor Hospital, Wuchi, Taichung 435, Taiwan; (H.-C.F.); (C.-T.Y.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-4-26581919-4301
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Lian Z, Chen H, Liu K, Jia Q, Qiu F, Cheng Y. Improved Stability of a Stable Crystal Form C of 6S-5-Methyltetrahydrofolate Calcium Salt, Method Development and Validation of an LC-MS/MS Method for Rat Pharmacokinetic Comparison. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26196011. [PMID: 34641555 PMCID: PMC8512888 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26196011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Folate is a vitamin beneficial for humans that plays an important role in metabolism, but it cannot be well supplemented by food; it is necessary to supplement it in other ways. Based on this consideration, a novel crystal form C of 6S-5-methyltetrahydrofolate calcium salt (MTHF CAC) was obtained. To explore the difference between MTHF CAC and the crystal form Ⅰ of 6S-5-methyltetrahydrofolate calcium salt (MTHF CA) as well as an amorphous product of 6S-5-methyltetrahydrofolate glucosamine salt (MTHF GA), their stability and pharmacokinetic behaviours were compared. The results of high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with ultraviolet detection analysis indicated that MTHF CAC showed a better stability than MTHF CA and MTHF GA. After oral administration of MTHF CAC, MTHF CA, and MTHF GA to male rats, the MTHF concentrations were analysed using a validated liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, and the pharmacokinetic parameters were compared. The mean residence times (0-t) of MTHF CAC, MTHF CA, and MTHF GA were 3.7 ± 1.9 h, 1.0 ± 0.2 h (p < 0.01), and 1.5 ± 0.3 h (p < 0.05), respectively. The relative bioavailability of MTHF CAC was calculated to be 351% and 218% compared with MTHF CA and MTHF GA, respectively, which suggests that MTHF CAC can be better absorbed and utilized for a longer period of time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zenglin Lian
- Beijing Jinkang Hexin Pharmaceutical Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing 101111, China;
| | - Hong Chen
- Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China;
| | - Kang Liu
- Lianyungang Jinkang Hexin Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Lianyungang 222115, China;
| | - Qianghua Jia
- Chinese Medicine DongFang College, Beijing University, Beijing 100029, China;
| | - Feng Qiu
- Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China;
- Correspondence: (F.Q.); (Y.C.)
| | - Yongzhi Cheng
- Lianyungang Jinkang Hexin Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Lianyungang 222115, China;
- Correspondence: (F.Q.); (Y.C.)
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Islam MS, Liu J, Jiang L, Zhang C, Liang Q. Folate content in fresh corn: Effects of harvest time, storage and cooking methods. J Food Compost Anal 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2021.104123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Farajzadeh MA, Niazi S, Sattari Dabbagh M. Development of a magnetic dispersive solid phase extraction method by employing folic acid magnetic nanoparticles as an effective, green, and reliable sorbent followed by dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction for the extraction and preconcentration of seven pesticides from fruit juices. Mikrochim Acta 2021; 188:314. [PMID: 34462821 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-021-04970-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Folic acid magnetic nanoparticles have been prepared and utilized as an effective and reliable sorbent in magnetic dispersive solid phase extraction combined with dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction for the extraction of seven pesticides from different juices before their determination by gas chromatography-flame ionization detector. The sorbent is prepared through ball milling process using a proper mixture of folic acid and magnetic iron oxide. Characterization of the sorbent was done with X-ray diffraction pattern, scanning electron microscopy, and vibrating sample magnetometry. In the current study, limits of detection were in the range 0.12-0.33 μg L-1. Relative standard deviations at a concentration of 40 μg L-1 of each analyte were in the ranges of 2.15-5.14% for intra-day (n = 6) and 3.78-6.91% for inter-day (n = 4) precisions. Extraction recoveries and enrichment factors were obtained in the ranges of 70-88 % and 566-708, respectively. The performance of the method was evaluated by determination the selected pesticides in different samples. Graphical Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mir Ali Farajzadeh
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran. .,Engineering Faculty, Near East University, 99138 Nicosia, North Cyprus, Mersin 10, Turkey.
| | - Shokoufeh Niazi
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
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Regulation of the one carbon folate cycle as a shared metabolic signature of longevity. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3486. [PMID: 34108489 PMCID: PMC8190293 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23856-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The metabolome represents a complex network of biological events that reflects the physiologic state of the organism in health and disease. Additionally, specific metabolites and metabolic signaling pathways have been shown to modulate animal ageing, but whether there are convergent mechanisms uniting these processes remains elusive. Here, we used high resolution mass spectrometry to obtain the metabolomic profiles of canonical longevity pathways in C. elegans to identify metabolites regulating life span. By leveraging the metabolomic profiles across pathways, we found that one carbon metabolism and the folate cycle are pervasively regulated in common. We observed similar changes in long-lived mouse models of reduced insulin/IGF signaling. Genetic manipulation of pathway enzymes and supplementation with one carbon metabolites in C. elegans reveal that regulation of the folate cycle represents a shared causal mechanism of longevity and proteoprotection. Such interventions impact the methionine cycle, and reveal methionine restriction as an underlying mechanism. This comparative approach reveals key metabolic nodes to enhance healthy ageing.
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50
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Relationship of several serum folate forms with kidney function and albuminuria: cross-sectional data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) 2011-2018. Br J Nutr 2021; 127:1050-1059. [PMID: 34016197 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114521001665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
We aim to examine the relation of several folate forms (5-methyltetrahydrofolate (5-mTHF), unmetabolised folic acid (UMFA) and MeFox) with kidney function and albuminuria, which remained uncertain. The cross-sectional study was conducted in 18 757 participants from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011-2018. The kidney outcomes were reduced estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (<60 ml/min/1·73 m2), microalbuminuria (albumin:creatinine ratio (ACR) of 30-299 mg/g) and macroalbuminuria (ACR ≥ 300 mg/g). Overall, there were significant inverse associations between serum 5-mTHF and kidney outcomes with significant lower prevalence of reduced eGFR (OR, 0·71; 95 % CI: 0·57, 0·87) and macroalbuminuria (OR, 0·65; 95 % CI: 0·46, 0·91) in participants in quartiles 3-4 (v. quartiles 1-2; both Pfor trend across quartiles <0·05). In contrast, there were significant positive relationship between serum UMFA and kidney outcomes with significant higher prevalence of reduced eGFR in participants in quartiles 2-4 (v. quartile 1; OR, 2·12; 95 % CI: 1·45, 3·12; Pfor trend <0·001) and higher prevalence of macroalbuminuria in participants in quartile 4 (v. quartiles 1-3; OR, 1·46; 95 % CI: 1·06, 2·01; Pfor trend <0·001). However, there was no significant associations of 5-mTHF and UMFA with microalbuminuria. In addition, there were significant positive relationships of serum MeFox with reduced eGFR, microalbuminuria and macroalbuminuria (all Pfor trend <0·01). In conclusion, higher 5-mTHF level, along with lower UMFA and MeFox level, was associated with lower prevalence of kidney outcomes, which may help counsel future clinical trials and nutritional guidelines regarding the folate supplement.
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