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Fukasawa T, Nakanishi E, Shimoda H, Shinoda K, Ito S, Asada S, Yoshida S, Tanaka-Mizuno S, Mizuno K, Takahashi R, Kawakami K. Adherence to istradefylline in patients with Parkinson's disease: A group-based trajectory analysis. J Neurol Sci 2024; 462:123092. [PMID: 38925070 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2024.123092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding the different patterns of adherence to istradefylline treatment is essential to identifying Parkinson's disease (PD) patients who might benefit from targeted interventions. OBJECTIVES This descriptive study aimed to identify longitudinal istradefylline adherence patterns and to characterize factors associated with them. METHODS We identified PD patients aged 21-99 years who initiated istradefylline treatment in a Japanese hospital administrative database. Group-based trajectory modeling was used to model the monthly proportion of days covered over time to identify distinct 360-day adherence patterns. Factors associated with each adherence pattern were assessed using univariable multinomial logistic regression models. RESULTS Of 2088 eligible PD patients, 4 distinct adherence groups were identified: consistently high adherence (56.8%); rapidly declining adherence (25.8%); gradually declining adherence (8.5%); and gradually declining and then recovering adherence (9.0%). Compared to the consistently high adherence group, the other groups had the following characteristics associated with a likelihood of lower adherence: the rapidly declining adherence group received fewer dopamine agonists (63.8% vs. 69.4%), monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) inhibitors (26.8% vs. 31.6%), and catechol-O-methyl transferase inhibitors (31.6% vs. 37.0%) and had a higher prevalence of anxiety/mood disorders (29.9% vs. 24.6%); the gradually declining adherence group received fewer MAO-B inhibitors (22.5% vs. 31.6%) and amantadine (8.4% vs. 16.1%) and had a higher prevalence of mild cognitive impairment/dementia (27.0% vs. 18.8%); and the declining and then recovering adherence group had a higher prevalence of anxiety/mood disorders (34.2% vs. 24.6%). CONCLUSIONS Clinicians should be aware of the heterogeneous patterns of adherence to istradefylline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiki Fukasawa
- Department of Pharmacoepidemiology, Graduate School of Medicine and Public Health, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Department of Digital Health and Epidemiology, Graduate School of Medicine and Public Health, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Etsuro Nakanishi
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroo Shimoda
- Medical Affairs Department, Kyowa Kirin Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katsumi Shinoda
- Medical Affairs Department, Kyowa Kirin Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoru Ito
- Medical Affairs Department, Kyowa Kirin Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan; Pharmacovigilance Division, Kyowa Kirin Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinji Asada
- Medical Affairs Department, Kyowa Kirin Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satomi Yoshida
- Department of Pharmacoepidemiology, Graduate School of Medicine and Public Health, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Sachiko Tanaka-Mizuno
- Department of Pharmacoepidemiology, Graduate School of Medicine and Public Health, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Department of Digital Health and Epidemiology, Graduate School of Medicine and Public Health, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kayoko Mizuno
- Department of Pharmacoepidemiology, Graduate School of Medicine and Public Health, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Department of Digital Health and Epidemiology, Graduate School of Medicine and Public Health, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Takahashi
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Koji Kawakami
- Department of Pharmacoepidemiology, Graduate School of Medicine and Public Health, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
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Azmi H, Walter BL, Brooks A, Richard IH, Amodeo K, Okun MS. Editorial: Hospitalization and Parkinson's disease: safety, quality and outcomes. Front Aging Neurosci 2024; 16:1398947. [PMID: 38638192 PMCID: PMC11024459 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2024.1398947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hooman Azmi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ, United States
- Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine, Nutley, NJ, United States
| | | | - Annie Brooks
- Parkinson's Foundation, New York, NY, United States
| | - Irene Hegeman Richard
- Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Katherine Amodeo
- Westchester Medical Center Health Network, Valhalla, NY, United States
| | - Michael S. Okun
- Department of Neurology, Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
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Huang N, Liao L, Zhao X. Intermolecular Hydrazinative Halogenation of Alkenes with Potassium Halides as Nucleophilic Halogen Sources: Modular Entry to Phenelzine Derivatives. Org Lett 2023; 25:6587-6592. [PMID: 37616322 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c02475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
An approach for the efficient synthesis of halogenated hydrazines via acid-mediated electrophilic hydrazinative halogenation of alkenes is disclosed. This transformation proceeds with readily available diethyl azodicarboxylate as a hydrazine source and low-cost potassium halides as nucleophilic halogen sources. A series of iodinated, brominated, and chlorinated hydrazines are facilely produced with a wide range of functional groups. The obtained products are good platform molecules. They can be conveniently converted into a variety of valuable phenelzine analogues which are appealing for development of novel drugs treating depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Huang
- Institute of Organic Chemistry & MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P. R. China
| | - Lihao Liao
- Institute of Organic Chemistry & MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P. R. China
| | - Xiaodan Zhao
- Institute of Organic Chemistry & MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P. R. China
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Lenka A, Di Maria G, Lamotte G, Bahroo L, Jankovic J. Practical pearls to improve the efficacy and tolerability of levodopa in Parkinson's disease. Expert Rev Neurother 2022; 22:489-498. [PMID: 35710101 DOI: 10.1080/14737175.2022.2091436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Levodopa is the most effective medication for the treatment of motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD). Several factors may affect the efficacy and tolerability of levodopa. These include the timing, dosage and administration of levodopa, concomitant drugs, food, PD-associated non motor symptoms, and various neurologic and non-neurologic comorbidities. If not appropriately addressed, these issues may limit levodopa efficacy, tolerability, and compliance. AREAS COVERED This article reviews the basics of the metabolism of orally administered levodopa, its side effects, and the factors that may affect its tolerability and efficacy. We provide several practical pearls to improve the tolerability and efficacy of levodopa. EXPERT OPINION Protein-rich food delays and reduces levodopa absorption. Hence, levodopa should preferably be administered in a relatively empty stomach. Carbidopa dosing is crucial as it not only enhances the entry of levodopa into the central nervous system, but also reduces levodopa's peripheral adverse effects. Patients experiencing the early side effects such as nausea/vomiting should be prescribed with anti-nausea medications that do not block dopamine receptors. Non-oral routes of administration can be used to obviate persistent gastrointestinal side effects. Implementation of these and other tips may help improve the tolerability and efficacy of levodopa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Lenka
- Department of Neurology, Medstar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Gianluca Di Maria
- Department of Neurology, Medstar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Guillaume Lamotte
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Laxman Bahroo
- Department of Neurology, Medstar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Joseph Jankovic
- Parkinson's Disease Center and Movement Disorders Clinic, Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
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Alberca S, Velázquez M, Trujillo J, Iglesias J, Fernández R, Lassaletta J, Monge D. Pd(II)‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Addition of Arylboronic Acids to Aliphatic N‐Carbamoyl Hydrazones. Adv Synth Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202200430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Johnsrud M, Richards K, Arcona S, Sasané R, Leoni M. An assessment of Parkinson's disease medication treatment patterns in the Medicaid population. Clin Park Relat Disord 2021; 5:100109. [PMID: 34693271 PMCID: PMC8512608 DOI: 10.1016/j.prdoa.2021.100109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Most Parkinson's disease (PD) medication adherence studies have focused on patients with commercial or Medicare health insurance coverage. However, less is known regarding medication treatment patterns within the Medicaid population. METHODS This retrospective cohort study utilized 2011-2019 administrative healthcare claims from 7 state Medicaid programs. We compared newly diagnosed patients with PD started on either levodopa or a dopamine agonist (DA). Baseline comorbidities were compared. Outcomes were assessed during a 12-month post-index observation period, and included total medication days, proportion of days covered (PDC), adherence status, persistence to initiating PD medication, and time to non-persistence of initiating PD medication. RESULTS Our study sample of 805 Medicaid patients had an average age of 54.1 years, with 52.0% being female. Levodopa was the predominant PD medication at initiation (75.4%). Roughly half of patients had a baseline depressive disorder and nearly 40% had an anxiety disorder. Levodopa patients had a significantly higher PDC compared to DA patients (0.621 vs. 0.546, p = 0.007). An adjusted logistic regression model showed no significant difference in the number of adherent patients between the two groups (p = 0.058). An adjusted Cox proportional hazards model controlling for demographic and baseline variables showed a 26% lower risk of non-persistence for levodopa patients versus DA patients (HR 0.740, CI 0.597-0.917, p = 0.006). CONCLUSIONS Adherence and persistence rates were suboptimal following initiation of either levodopa or DA medication for patients with PD in Medicaid programs, though rates were better for those initiated on levodopa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Johnsrud
- TxCORE (Texas Center for Health Outcomes Research and Education), The University of Texas at Austin, 2409 University Avenue, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Kristin Richards
- TxCORE (Texas Center for Health Outcomes Research and Education), The University of Texas at Austin, 2409 University Avenue, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Steve Arcona
- Cerevel Therapeutics, 222 Jacobs Street, Suite 200, Cambridge, MA 02141, USA
| | - Rahul Sasané
- Cerevel Therapeutics, 222 Jacobs Street, Suite 200, Cambridge, MA 02141, USA
| | - Matthew Leoni
- Cerevel Therapeutics, 222 Jacobs Street, Suite 200, Cambridge, MA 02141, USA
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Espiritu AI, Anna C Brillantes MM, G Layog AV, G Jamora RD. Reasons for hospitalization and factors of mortality in patients with Parkinson's disease in the Philippines. Neurodegener Dis Manag 2021; 11:229-238. [PMID: 33966488 DOI: 10.2217/nmt-2020-0062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: We aimed to determine the reasons for hospitalizations and factors of mortality of Filipino Parkinson's disease (PD) patients in a tertiary hospital. Methods: We conducted a retrospective review of medical records of PD patients admitted to our institution between 2016 and 2018. Demographic and clinical data were analyzed. Results: We included 166 PD patients. The most common cause of admission was infectious (pneumonia, urinary tract, and skin-soft tissue infections) (n = 65, 39.2%). The most common cause of mortality was sepsis (n = 9, 5.4%). Renal comorbidity was a significant factor of mortality (OR: 3.67, 95% CI: 1.11-12.12; p = 0.033). Conclusion: Interventions designed to reduce the risk of complications in PD patients should be prioritized to potentially decrease the probability of eventual hospitalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian I Espiritu
- Department of Neurosciences, College of Medicine & Philippine General Hospital, University of The Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines.,Department of Clinical Epidemiology, College of Medicine, University of The Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines
| | | | - Allister Vincent G Layog
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Neurology, Cardinal Santos Medical Center, San Juan City, Philippines.,Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of The East Ramon Magsaysay Memorial Medical Center, Quezon City, Philippines
| | - Roland Dominic G Jamora
- Department of Neurosciences, College of Medicine & Philippine General Hospital, University of The Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines.,Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Neurology, Cardinal Santos Medical Center, San Juan City, Philippines.,Movement Disorders Service & Section of Neurology, Institute for Neurosciences, St. Luke's Medical Center, Quezon City & Global City, Philippines
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8
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Dahodwala N, Jahnke J, Pettit AR, Li P, Ladage VP, Kandukuri PL, Bao Y, Zamudio J, Jalundhwala YJ, Doshi JA. Low Sustainment of High-Dose Oral Medication Regimens for Advanced Parkinson's Disease in Medicare Beneficiaries. JOURNAL OF PARKINSONS DISEASE 2021; 11:675-684. [PMID: 33386811 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-202147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing doses of oral antiparkinson medications are indicated in advanced Parkinson's disease (PD), but little is known about sustainment of high-dose regimens. OBJECTIVE To investigate sustainment of high-dose oral medication regimens in Medicare beneficiaries with incident advanced PD. METHODS This retrospective cohort study utilized 100%fee-for-service Medicare claims from 2011-2013. We identified advanced PD using a pharmacy claims-based proxy and selected patients who initiated a new high-dose oral medication regimen (daily levodopa equivalent dose [LED] >1000 mg/day for ≥30 days) in 2012. In the following 12 months, we examined: 1) annual proportion of days covered (PDC)≥0.80 and 2) presence of a ≥ 90 day continuous gap at varying dosage thresholds: the initial >1000 mg/day, >800 mg/day, >500 mg/day, or >0 mg/day. RESULTS We identified 9,405 patients with advanced PD (mean age 77.4 [SD 6.8] years; 53%men). Only 5%maintained a regimen of >1000 mg/day at PDC ≥0.80; 75% had a ≥ 90-day gap in that dosage level. At a dosage threshold of >800 mg/day, 20% had a PDC ≥0.80 and 53% had a ≥ 90-day gap; at >500 mg/day, 56% had a PDC ≥0.80 and 19%had a ≥ 90-day gap; and at >0 mg/day (any dose), 76% had a PDC ≥0.80 and only 10%had a≥90-day gap. CONCLUSION Few patients with advanced PD sustained a high-dose oral medication regimen in the year following initiation, but most sustained a substantially lower-dose regimen. Strategies to improve advanced PD treatment are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabila Dahodwala
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jordan Jahnke
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Amy R Pettit
- Center for Public Health Initiatives, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Pengxiang Li
- Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Division of General Internal Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Vrushabh P Ladage
- Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Division of General Internal Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Jalpa A Doshi
- Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Division of General Internal Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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9
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Velázquez M, Alberca S, Iglesias-Sigüenza J, Fernández R, Lassaletta JM, Monge D. Catalytic enantioselective synthesis of α-aryl α-hydrazino esters and amides. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:5823-5826. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cc02478c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Asymmetric 1,2-addition of aryl boronic acids to N-carbamoyl (Cbz and Fmoc) protected glyoxylate-derived hydrazones affords α-aryl α-hydrazino esters/amides, key building blocks en route to artificial peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Velázquez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Universidad de Sevilla and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA)
- 41012 Sevilla
- Spain
| | - Saúl Alberca
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Universidad de Sevilla and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA)
- 41012 Sevilla
- Spain
| | - Javier Iglesias-Sigüenza
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Universidad de Sevilla and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA)
- 41012 Sevilla
- Spain
| | - Rosario Fernández
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Universidad de Sevilla and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA)
- 41012 Sevilla
- Spain
| | - José M. Lassaletta
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (CSIC-US) and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA)
- 41092 Sevilla
- Spain
| | - David Monge
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Universidad de Sevilla and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA)
- 41012 Sevilla
- Spain
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Cutler RL, Fernandez-Llimos F, Frommer M, Benrimoj C, Garcia-Cardenas V. Economic impact of medication non-adherence by disease groups: a systematic review. BMJ Open 2018; 8:e016982. [PMID: 29358417 PMCID: PMC5780689 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-016982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 443] [Impact Index Per Article: 73.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the economic impact of medication non-adherence across multiple disease groups. DESIGN Systematic review. EVIDENCE REVIEW A comprehensive literature search was conducted in PubMed and Scopus in September 2017. Studies quantifying the cost of medication non-adherence in relation to economic impact were included. Relevant information was extracted and quality assessed using the Drummond checklist. RESULTS Seventy-nine individual studies assessing the cost of medication non-adherence across 14 disease groups were included. Wide-scoping cost variations were reported, with lower levels of adherence generally associated with higher total costs. The annual adjusted disease-specific economic cost of non-adherence per person ranged from $949 to $44 190 (in 2015 US$). Costs attributed to 'all causes' non-adherence ranged from $5271 to $52 341. Medication possession ratio was the metric most used to calculate patient adherence, with varying cut-off points defining non-adherence. The main indicators used to measure the cost of non-adherence were total cost or total healthcare cost (83% of studies), pharmacy costs (70%), inpatient costs (46%), outpatient costs (50%), emergency department visit costs (27%), medical costs (29%) and hospitalisation costs (18%). Drummond quality assessment yielded 10 studies of high quality with all studies performing partial economic evaluations to varying extents. CONCLUSION Medication non-adherence places a significant cost burden on healthcare systems. Current research assessing the economic impact of medication non-adherence is limited and of varying quality, failing to provide adaptable data to influence health policy. The correlation between increased non-adherence and higher disease prevalence should be used to inform policymakers to help circumvent avoidable costs to the healthcare system. Differences in methods make the comparison among studies challenging and an accurate estimation of true magnitude of the cost impossible. Standardisation of the metric measures used to estimate medication non-adherence and development of a streamlined approach to quantify costs is required. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42015027338.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachelle Louise Cutler
- Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Fernando Fernandez-Llimos
- Department of Social Pharmacy Faculty of Pharmacy, Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Michael Frommer
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Charlie Benrimoj
- Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Granados A, Olmo AD, Peccati F, Billard T, Sodupe M, Vallribera A. Fluorous l-Carbidopa Precursors: Highly Enantioselective Synthesis and Computational Prediction of Bioactivity. J Org Chem 2017; 83:303-313. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b02685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Albert Granados
- Department
of Chemistry, Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada
(ORFEO−CINQA), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona 08193, Spain
| | - Anna del Olmo
- Department
of Chemistry, Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada
(ORFEO−CINQA), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona 08193, Spain
| | - Francesca Peccati
- Department
of Chemistry, Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada
(ORFEO−CINQA), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona 08193, Spain
- Department
of Chemistry, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola
del Vallès, Barcelona 08193, Spain
| | - Thierry Billard
- Institute
of Chemistry and Biochemistry (ICBMS-UMR CNRS 5246), Université Claude Bernard-Lyon 1, 43 Bd du 11 novembre 1918, Bat. Raulin, Villeurbanne Cedex 69622, France
| | - Mariona Sodupe
- Department
of Chemistry, Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada
(ORFEO−CINQA), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona 08193, Spain
- Department
of Chemistry, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola
del Vallès, Barcelona 08193, Spain
| | - Adelina Vallribera
- Department
of Chemistry, Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada
(ORFEO−CINQA), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona 08193, Spain
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12
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Asano T, Moritani M, Nakajima M, Kotani S. Chiral lithium binaphtholate for enantioselective amination of acyclic α-alkyl-β-keto esters: Application to the total synthesis of l -carbidopa. Tetrahedron 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2017.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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13
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A systematic review of interventions to reduce hospitalisation in Parkinson's disease. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2016; 24:3-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2016.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Revised: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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14
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Pericas À, Shafir A, Vallribera A. Asymmetric Synthesis of l-Carbidopa Based on a Highly Enantioselective α-Amination. Org Lett 2013; 15:1448-51. [DOI: 10.1021/ol400136y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Àlex Pericas
- Department of Chemistry, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alexandr Shafir
- Department of Chemistry, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Adelina Vallribera
- Department of Chemistry, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
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15
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Martínez-Muñoz A, Monge D, Martín-Zamora E, Marqués-López E, Álvarez E, Fernández R, Lassaletta JM. Asymmetric organocatalytic Strecker-type reactions of aliphatic N,N-dialkylhydrazones. Org Biomol Chem 2013; 11:8247-55. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ob41437j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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16
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Reichmann H, Emre M. Optimizing levodopa therapy to treat wearing-off symptoms in Parkinson's disease: focus on levodopa/carbidopa/entacapone. Expert Rev Neurother 2012; 12:119-31. [PMID: 22288667 DOI: 10.1586/ern.11.203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Levodopa has been the mainstay of Parkinson's disease (PD) therapy for over 40 years, with its efficacy surpassing that of other antiparkinsonian medications. As such, most PD patients eventually require levodopa-based therapy during the course of the disease. However, despite its proven efficacy, long-term levodopa therapy is associated with motor complications, with wearing-off being the most prevalent. Wearing-off occurs, in part, as a result of the short half-life of levodopa, which leads to fluctuations in plasma levodopa levels. A pharmacokinetic profile characterized by a higher trough value of levodopa can be achieved by combining levodopa/carbidopa with entacapone, which inhibits the peripheral breakdown of levodopa, resulting in higher plasma levodopa levels. Here, we review the limitations of conventional levodopa and the clinical data for levodopa/carbidopa/entacapone in treating patients with wearing-off.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heinz Reichmann
- Department of Neurology, University of Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
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