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Díaz A, Pascaner AF, Wray S, Fischer EC. Characteristics and Determinants of Pulse Pressure-Age Relationship in Healthy and Non-treated Hypertensive Subjects of Argentinean Population. Curr Hypertens Rev 2020; 17:137-148. [PMID: 33305707 DOI: 10.2174/1573402116999201210195123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relationship between the increases in pulse pressure (PP) and arterial stiffness determined by aging or systemic hypertension has been widely reported. These findings are supported by large-cohort analyzes conducted in well-known populations, such as Framingham Study. However, there is evidence that an age-PP curvilinear relationship may exist in hypertensive subjects. This study aimed to evaluate the age-related change in pulse pressure and arterial stiffness in a population-based study. METHODS Carotid-femoral Pulse Wave Velocity (cfPWV) were obtained in 2075 subjects. RESULTS Age-related changes of PP showed a curvilinear relationship (R=0.39, p<0.0001) in normotensive subjects, with a nadir at around 50 years of age. On the other hand, the age-cfPWV relationship showed a linear and positive correlation (R=0.72, p<0.0001). PP also showed a curvilinear relationship with age (R=0.36, p<0.0001) in hypertensive subjects, with a nadir around 50 years of age. The age-cfPWV relationship showed a linear and positive correlation (R=0.55, p<0.0001). Similar results were observed in the adult population (age≥16 years). Multivariate analysis showed that age, sex, cfPWV, and mean arterial pressure are determinants of PP values in the entire population; however, this result was not uniform when different subgroups were analyzed. CONCLUSION In conclusion, age-related changes in PP showed a curvilinear relationship and no parallelism with the age-cfPWV relationship for both normotensive and hypertensive subjects. The determinants of PP impact it differently depending on age and the pathological condition of the subject.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Díaz
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud, UNICEN-CONICET, Tandil, Argentina
| | - Ariel F Pascaner
- Instituto de Medicina Traslacional, Trasplante y Bioingeniería (IMTTYB) - CONICET-UF, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sandra Wray
- Instituto de Medicina Traslacional, Trasplante y Bioingeniería (IMTTYB) - CONICET-UF, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Edmundo C Fischer
- Instituto de Medicina Traslacional, Trasplante y Bioingeniería (IMTTYB) - CONICET-UF, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Sungwa EE, Kibona SE, Dika HI, Laisser RM, Gemuhay HM, Kabalimu TK, Kidenya BR. Prevalence and factors that are associated with elevated blood pressure among primary school children in Mwanza Region, Tanzania. Pan Afr Med J 2020; 37:283. [PMID: 33654510 PMCID: PMC7896535 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2020.37.283.21119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction hypertension (HTN) among children is reported to be increasing due to sedentary lifestyles. In developed countries the prevalence of paediatric HTN is recorded to be up to 21% while the magnitude of the same is up to 11% in Tanzania. This study aimed to determine the blood pressure profile and factors associated with elevated blood pressure (BP) among children of Mwanza region. Methods a cross sectional study involving 742 children aged 6 to 16 years in selected primary schools in Mwanza region was conducted from June to August 2019. Data were collected using self-administered structured questionnaires where parents helped children to fill in. Blood pressure, body weight and height were measured using digital portable sphygmomanometer, self-calibrating digital weighing scale and Shorr measuring board respectively. Data were analyzed using EpiInfo. Results this study found mean systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were 109.2 ± 8.1 mmHg and 62.3 ± 7.2 mmHg respectively. Prevalence of elevated BP was 18.1%. Pre-hypertension 9.6%, and hypertension 8.5%. The age specific elevated BP prevalence was significantly higher (OR = 1.9, 95% CI: 1.2 - 2.9, p = 0.008) among children aged ≥10 years (21.4%) than younger ones (15.1%). Prevalence was also higher (OR = 1.5, 95% CI: 1.1 - 2.3, p = 0.048) among girls (20.1%) than boys (16.0%). Elevated BP was found to be associated with obesity (OR = 3.5, 95% CI: 1.6 - 7.7, p = <0.001), overweight (OR = 1.9, 95% CI: 1.1 - 3.3, p = 0.037), eating fried food (OR = 2.2, 95% CI: 1.1 - 4.4, p = 0.023), drinking sugar soft drinks (OR = 2.0, 95% CI: 1.2 - 3.5, p = 0.002) and not eating fruits (OR = 13.4, 1.6, 95% CI: 2.1 - 65.8, p-value 0.006). Conclusion findings indicate high prevalence of elevated BP among children of Mwanza region. There was an association between elevated BP and increased age, gender, sedentary lifestyle and obesity. Importance of measuring paediatric blood pressure and health information regarding effects of sedentary life is recommended to Tanzanians. Parents should encourage their children to have active physical activities. Moreover, health workers should implement programmes to modify sedentary lifestyle and prevent children from elevated blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edson Elias Sungwa
- Department of Reproductive and Child Health, Hubert Kairuki Memorial University, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Shangwe Ezekiel Kibona
- Department of Reproductive and Child Health, Ilemela Municipal Council, Mwanza, Tanzania
| | - Haruna Ismail Dika
- Department of Physiology, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences, Mwanza, Tanzania
| | - Rose Mjawa Laisser
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences, Mwanza, Tanzania
| | - Helena Marco Gemuhay
- Department of Paediatric Nursing, St. John's University of Tanzania, Dodoma, Tanzania
| | | | - Benson Richard Kidenya
- Department of Biochemistry, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences, Mwanza, Tanzania
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Aynaci G, Akdemir O. The Relationship Between Lifestyle, Health Promotion Lifestyle Profile II And High Blood Pressure In University Students. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2018; 6:1756-1761. [PMID: 30338003 PMCID: PMC6182521 DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2018.314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Identifying and controlling systemic arterial blood pressure is important in young people, and it is possible to reduce the frequency of systemic arterial hypertension by improving the lifestyle. AIM The aim of the study is to assess the relationship between healthy lifestyle behaviors and systemic blood pressure in university students. MATERIALS The study sample consisted of 200 university students from a state university in Edirne. Lifestyles and habits were evaluated with Health Promotion Lifestyle Profile II. Students' blood pressure was measured from both arms twice. RESULTS The mean HPLP-II score of those who frequently feel good was significantly higher than those who rarely feel good. The mean score of those who frequently wake up between 06:00-09:00 in the morning was statistically significantly higher than those who wake up outside these hours. Those who perform social or artistic activities during their leisure times had a mean scale score higher than those who don't perform. Although there wasn't a statistically significant difference according to smoking status, the mean score of non-smokers was higher than smokers. The mean scale scores were higher in frequent salt users than non-frequent users; participants with low saturated fatty acid intake had higher scores than those with high intake, and rare fast food consumers had higher scores than frequent consumers. The statistically significant difference between blood pressure values of females and males was due to higher blood pressure in male students. Those working in a part-time job had higher blood pressure values than those who weren't working. Among the students whose body mass indexes could be evaluated, there were differences in blood pressure values. CONCLUSION It has been observed in our study that health-related responsibilities and lifestyle behaviours increase with better leisure time activities, improved eating habits and a positive outlook on life. Turning youngs' tendencies towards healthy lifestyle behaviours to habits can make them healthier, more collective and more productive regarding physical, social and psychological well-being.
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Rodrigues PRM, Pereira RA, Gama A, Carvalhal IM, Nogueira H, Rosado-Marques V, Padez C. Body adiposity is associated with risk of high blood pressure in Portuguese schoolchildren. REVISTA PORTUGUESA DE CARDIOLOGIA (ENGLISH EDITION) 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.repce.2017.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022] Open
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Rodrigues PRM, Pereira RA, Gama A, Carvalhal IM, Nogueira H, Rosado-Marques V, Padez C. Body adiposity is associated with risk of high blood pressure in Portuguese schoolchildren. Rev Port Cardiol 2018; 37:285-292. [DOI: 10.1016/j.repc.2017.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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Ebrahimi M, Heidari-Bakavoli AR, Mazidi M, Moohebati M, Azarpazhooh MR, Nematy M, Tayyebi M, Safarian M, Esmaeili H, Parizadeh SMR, Ghayour-Mobarhan M, Ferns GA. Prevalence of hypertension, pre-hypertension and undetected hypertension in Mashhad, Iran. MEDITERRANEAN JOURNAL OF NUTRITION AND METABOLISM 2017. [DOI: 10.3233/mnm-150046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Ebrahimi
- Cardiovascular Research center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ali Reza Heidari-Bakavoli
- Cardiovascular Research center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohsen Mazidi
- Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, International College, University of Chinese Academy of Science (IC-UCAS), Beijing, China
- Key State Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang, Beijing, China
| | - Mohsen Moohebati
- Cardiovascular Research center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad, Iran
- Biochemistry of Nutrition Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Reza Azarpazhooh
- Biochemistry of Nutrition Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohsen Nematy
- Biochemistry of Nutrition Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Tayyebi
- Cardiovascular Research center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Safarian
- Biochemistry of Nutrition Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Habib Esmaeili
- Biochemistry of Nutrition Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Statistics, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Majid Ghayour-Mobarhan
- Biochemistry of Nutrition Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Gordon A. Ferns
- Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Division of Medical Education, Mayfield House, University of Brighton, UK
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Arterial Stiffness in a Rural Population of Argentina: Pilot Study. High Blood Press Cardiovasc Prev 2015; 22:403-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s40292-015-0110-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
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Inzaugarat ME, Billordo LA, Vodánovich F, Cervini GM, Casavalle PL, Vedire C, Cherñavsky AC. Alterations in innate and adaptive immune leukocytes are involved in paediatric obesity. Pediatr Obes 2014; 9:381-90. [PMID: 23852831 DOI: 10.1111/j.2047-6310.2013.00179.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2012] [Revised: 03/26/2013] [Accepted: 04/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adipose tissue is the main source of the cytokines and adipokines that are increased in the context of obesity. The production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cytokines by circulating immune cells can be regulated by these pro-inflammatory factors even before infiltration into adipose tissue. OBJECTIVE To investigate the alterations that can occur in circulating monocytes and lymphocytes in paediatric obesity. METHODS In this study, 54 paediatric obese patients and 30 age-matched metabolically healthy individuals were enrolled. Intracellular cytokines were analyzed after phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) or leptin plus PMA stimulation of lymphocytes and monocytes by flow cytometry. ROS generation was measured using dichlorofluorescein-diacetate. Both a 'stimulation index' and a 'fold of increase' were calculated for statistical purposes. RESULTS Both interferon gamma (IFN-γ) production by circulating CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocytes and ROS production by monocytes following PMA stimulation were increased in obese patients. Leptin induced an increased production of IFN-γ in both subsets of T cells and tumour necrosis factor alpha in monocytes, and linoleic acid induced a higher ROS production in monocytes. CONCLUSIONS The distinct functional responses of circulating cells suggest that alterations in both innate and adaptive immune cells are involved in the maintenance of low-grade inflammation in paediatric obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Inzaugarat
- Instituto de Inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Reference values of pulse wave velocity in healthy people from an urban and rural argentinean population. Int J Hypertens 2014; 2014:653239. [PMID: 25215227 PMCID: PMC4158305 DOI: 10.1155/2014/653239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2014] [Revised: 07/22/2014] [Accepted: 08/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In medical practice the reference values of arterial stiffness came from multicenter registries obtained in Asia, USA, Australia and Europe. Pulse wave velocity (PWV) is the gold standard method for arterial stiffness quantification; however, in South America, there are few population-based studies. In this research PWV was measured in healthy asymptomatic and normotensive subjects without history of hypertension in first-degree relatives. Normal PWV and the 95% confidence intervals values were obtained in 780 subjects (39.8 ± 18.5 years) divided into 7 age groups (10–98 years). The mean PWV found was 6.84 m/s ± 1.65. PWV increases linearly with aging with a high degree of correlation (r2 = 0.61; P < 0.05) with low dispersion in younger subjects. PWV progressively increases 6–8% with each decade of life; this tendency is more pronounced after 50 years. A significant increase of PWV over 50 years was demonstrated. This is the first population-based study from urban and rural people of Argentina that provides normal values of the PWV in healthy, normotensive subjects without family history of hypertension. Moreover, the age dependence of PWV values was confirmed.
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Tayem YI, Yaseen NA, Khader WT, Abu Rajab LO, Ramahi AB, Saleh MH. Prevalence and risk factors of obesity and hypertension among students at a central university in the West Bank. Libyan J Med 2012; 7:19222. [PMID: 23077467 PMCID: PMC3474137 DOI: 10.3402/ljm.v7i0.19222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2012] [Accepted: 09/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives We aimed to determine the prevalence and correlates of obesity and hypertension (HTN) among students at a central university in the West Bank. Materials and methods This cross-sectional study targeted a cohort of 553 students (59.5% males, 40.5% females) aged 17–26 years (median = 21) from Al-Quds University. Body mass index (BMI) and blood pressure (BP) were measured. Participants completed a questionnaire on physical activity, sedentary behavior, dietary factors, smoking and family history of obesity, HTN, and coronary artery disease. The magnitude of correlation was assessed by Spearman's rho (rs) and Chi-square tests. Results The prevalence of overweight was 25% (31.1% males, 15.6% females) and obesity 7.2% (9.4% males, 4% females). Obesity and overweight were associated with family history of obesity in both genders (p<0.001) and physical activity in males (rs= − 0.162, p<0.005). No correlation was demonstrated between participants’ BMI and sedentary lifestyle or consumption of fast food. Pre-HTN was detected in 27.1% (38% males, 11.2% females) and HTN in 2.2% (3.3% males, 0.4% females). Pre-HTN and HTN were associated with obesity (rs=0.252, p<0.001) and smoking (p<0.05). No relationship was detected between students’ BP and sedentary behavior, family history of HTN/CAD, or consumption of fast food. The prevalence of increased BMI and BP among males was significantly higher than females (p<0.001). Conclusions We detected a high prevalence of elevated BP and excess weight gain among students at Al-Quds University. An interventional program is urgently needed to control these cardiovascular risk factors in this community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasin I Tayem
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Al-Quds University School of Medicine, Abu Dis, Jerusalem, West Bank, Palestinian Territory, Occupied
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