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Li Y, Chai Z, Song C, Chen J, Gu A, Mu G, Ge R, Zheng M. The superiority of hydrophilic polyurethane in comammox-dominant ammonia oxidation during low-strength wastewater treatment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 935:173017. [PMID: 38719054 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Carriers have been extensively employed to enhance nitrification performance during low-strength wastewater treatment by retaining slow-growing ammonia oxidizing microorganisms (AOMs). Still, there is a dearth of systematic understanding of biofilm properties and microbial community structure formed on different carriers. In this study, hydrophilic polyurethane foam (PUF) carriers were prepared and compared with five widely used commercial carriers, namely Kaldness 3, Biochip, activated carbon, volcanic rock, and zeolite. The results indicated that the biofilms formed on carriers enhanced microbial ammonia oxidation activity. Additionally, the biofilm developed on the PUF demonstrated the most superior performance among all selected carriers, not only exhibiting the highest abundant and the most active AOMs, with amoA gene abundance of 1.41 × 1013 copies/m3 and specific ammonia oxidation rate of 9.84 g NH4+-N/(m3 × h), but also possessing a compact structure, with 3.41 kg VSS/m3 and 46.83 mg extracellular polymeric substances/g VSS. The high-throughput sequencing analysis revealed that the comammox (CMX) Nitrospira dominated on biofilm due to the intrinsically low apparent half-saturation constant for substrate. A unique ecological community structure was established on PUF, characterized by low species diversity and high homogeneity in alignment with community characteristics of CMX. The biofilms on PUF contributed to the proliferation of CMX Nitrospira dominated by Nitrospira nitrosa, achieving the highest proportion among colonial three AOMs at 86.58 %. The appropriate average pore size, superior hydrophilicity, and large specific surface area of PUF carriers provided a robust foundation for the exceptional ammonia oxidation performance of the formed biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunlong Li
- Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Systems Optimization, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Zimin Chai
- Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Systems Optimization, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Chao Song
- Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Systems Optimization, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Jin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Systems Optimization, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Ailu Gu
- Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Systems Optimization, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Guangli Mu
- Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Systems Optimization, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Ruxin Ge
- Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Systems Optimization, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Maosheng Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Systems Optimization, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China.
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2
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Makisha N. Advanced Research on Polymer Floating Carrier Application in Activated Sludge Reactors. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14132604. [PMID: 35808651 PMCID: PMC9269137 DOI: 10.3390/polym14132604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This research estimates the efficiency of domestic wastewater treatment in the removal of organic pollutants and nitrogen compounds with a two-stage treatment sequence (an activated sludge reactor in the first stage, and a trickling filter in the second stage), and with the application of floating carriers in the activated sludge reactor. The materials “Polyvom”, “Polystyrene” and “Bioballs” were adopted as floating carriers with previously determined filling ratios in the reactor volume of 10%, 20% and 20%, respectively. After the first stage of the study, it was found that the most effective treatment was achieved using the “Polyvom” material. Therefore, only this floating carrier was considered in the second and third stages of the study. Within the stages of the research, lab-scale benches operated under different operation modes of the treatment sequence. At the end of the study, it was possible to achieve the following levels of purification: BOD5 (2.1 mg/L), NH4 (0.4 mg/L), NO2 (1.0 mg/L), and NO3 (25 mg/L). The mean values of the concentrations of BOD, NH4, and NO3 met the requirements, but the concentration of NO2 exceeded the requirements (1.0 mg/L vs. 0.08 mg/L). These results were achieved under a hydraulic retention time in the activated sludge reactor of 8 h, and the MLSS for the free-floating and immobilized activated sludge was 0.2 and 0.9 g/L, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolay Makisha
- Research and Education Centre "Water Supply and Wastewater Treatment", Moscow State University of Civil Engineering, 26, Yaroslaskoye Highway, 129337 Moscow, Russia
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3
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Wu H, Zhang Q, Chen X, Zhu Y, Yuan C, Zhang C. The influence mechanism of DO on the microbial community and carbon source metabolism in two solid carbon source systems. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 206:112410. [PMID: 34801546 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.112410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The regulation mechanism of parameters on microorganisms and carbon source metabolism of solid carbon source simultaneous nitrification and denitrification (SND) process is not clear. In this paper, the effects of dissolved oxygen (DO) and biodegradable polymer (BDPs) types ((Polycaprolactone, PCL) and (Polybutylene succinate, PBS)) on treatment performance and microbial characteristics were investigated. The results show that the total nitrogen (TN) removal efficiency of SND process using PBS and PCL as fillers reached 93.02% and 97.28% under optimal parameter of DO 5 mg/L, respectively. The dominant genus with nitrogen removal performance in the PCL carbon source system are Hydrogenophaga and Acidovorax, and the main genus in the PBS system are Acidovorax and unclassified_Comamonadaceae. The co-metabolic network in PCL is more complex and easier to be regulated by DO. The BDPs types mainly affect the co-metabolic network with nodes of Thiothrix and Chryseomicrobium, ultimately leading to changes in the community structure. By comparison, BDPs types have a more significant impact on community structure than DO under low DO conditions (1 and 2 mg/L), but not under high DO condition(5 mg/L). Further, the distribution of functional enzymes may conflict between nitrification and carbon source degradation under high DO condition. Controlling the DO within the range of 2 mg-5 mg can further improve carbon source utilization efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, 400054, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, 400054, China.
| | - Xue Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, 400054, China
| | - Yunan Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, 400054, China
| | - Chunbo Yuan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, 400054, China
| | - Chu Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, 400054, China
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4
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Janka E, Pathak S, Rasti A, Gyawali S, Wang S. Simultaneous Heterotrophic Nitrification and Aerobic Denitrification of Water after Sludge Dewatering in Two Sequential Moving Bed Biofilm Reactors (MBBR). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19031841. [PMID: 35162866 PMCID: PMC8834992 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19031841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Water after sludge dewatering, also known as reject water from anaerobic digestion, is recycled back to the main wastewater treatment inlet in the wastewater treatment plant Porsgrunn, Norway, causing periodic process disturbance due to high ammonium of 568 (±76.7) mg/L and total chemical oxygen demand (tCOD) of 2825 (±526) mg/L. The main aim of this study was the simultaneous treatment of reject water ammonium and COD using two pilot-scale sequential moving bed biofilm reactors (MBBR) implemented in the main wastewater treatment stream. The two pilot MBBRs each had a working volume of 67.4 L. The biofilm carriers used had a protected surface area of 650 m2/m3 with a 60% filling ratio. The results indicate that the combined ammonia removal efficiency (ARE) in both reactors was 65.9%, while the nitrite accumulation rate (NAR) and nitrate production rate (NPR) were 80.2 and 19.8%, respectively. Over 28% of the reject water’s tCOD was removed in both reactors. The heterotrophic nitrification and oxygen tolerant aerobic denitrification were the key biological mechanisms found for the ammonium removal in both reactors. The dominant bacterial family in both reactors was Alcaligenaceae, capable of simultaneous heterotrophic nitrification and denitrification. Moreover, microbial families that were found with equal potential for application of simultaneous heterotrophic nitrification and aerobic denitrification including Cloacamonaceae, Alcaligenaceae, Comamonadaceae, Microbacteriaceae, and Anaerolinaceae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eshetu Janka
- Department of Process, Energy and Environmental Technology, University of South-Eastern Norway, 3918 Porsgrunn, Norway; (S.P.); (A.R.); (S.G.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Sabin Pathak
- Department of Process, Energy and Environmental Technology, University of South-Eastern Norway, 3918 Porsgrunn, Norway; (S.P.); (A.R.); (S.G.)
| | - Alireza Rasti
- Department of Process, Energy and Environmental Technology, University of South-Eastern Norway, 3918 Porsgrunn, Norway; (S.P.); (A.R.); (S.G.)
| | - Sandeep Gyawali
- Department of Process, Energy and Environmental Technology, University of South-Eastern Norway, 3918 Porsgrunn, Norway; (S.P.); (A.R.); (S.G.)
| | - Shuai Wang
- Biowater Technology AS, 3115 Tønsberg, Norway;
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Accelerating anaerobic hydrolysis acidification of dairy wastewater in integrated floating-film and activated sludge (IFFAS) by using zero-valent iron (ZVI) composite carriers. Biochem Eng J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2021.108226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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6
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Liu T, Tian R, Li Q, Wu N, Quan X. Strengthened attachment of anammox bacteria on iron-based modified carrier and its effects on anammox performance in integrated floating-film activated sludge (IFFAS) process. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 787:147679. [PMID: 34000539 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Moving-bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) or integrated floating-film activated sludge (IFFAS) process has been proved to be one of the ideal candidates for anammox application. However, the slow development of anammox bacteria (AnAOB) biofilm and unstable bioactivity always limit their wide application. This study developed a type of novel zero-valent iron (ZVI)-based modified carrier for strengthening AnAOB attachment and enhancing anammox performance. Surface properties analysis indicated the iron-based modified carrier revealed electropositive, less hydrophobic, and higher surface free energy compared with conventional high density polyethylene (HDPE) carrier. These surface parameters were positively correlated with total biomass attachment, anammox biofilm development, EPS secretion and heme-c production. IFFAS process filled with iron-based modified carriers could keep relatively stable and high anammox activity at different influent TN loadings (varied from 0.6 to 1.4 kg/(m3∙d)) and showed potential to keep and recover AnAOB bioactivity after six-months-freeze. Microbial analysis confirmed that anammox genus, Candidatus Kuenenia, had a significant niche preference on iron-based modified carrier than conventional HDPE carrier. As a result, the population of Candidatus Kuenenia in IFFAS process filled with modified carriers that contained 2 wt% or 3 wt% ZVI was 1.34 × 106-1.55 × 106 copies/ mg DNA, increased by 20.7-39.6% comparing with that in the control reactor (1.11 × 106 copies/ mg DNA). This study demonstrated AnAOB could be enriched and maintained in situ with high abundance and bioactivity on the iron-based modified carriers, which would be significant for anammox process wide application in full-scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.
| | - Ruiqi Tian
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Qian Li
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Nan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Xie Quan
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
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7
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Tong Q, Wang G, Chen M, Chen Y, Guo Y. Preparation and performance evaluation of novel magnetic porous carriers in fluidized bed bioreactor for wastewater treatment. Biodegradation 2021; 32:677-695. [PMID: 34514545 DOI: 10.1007/s10532-021-09960-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Biofilm process is a promising wastewater treatment technology and biofilm carrier (biocarrier) is regarded as the core of this process. However, the traditional commercial biocarriers have their inherent drawbacks, therefore, the development of new-type biocarrier to enhance wastewater treatment efficiency is significantly important to biofilm-based reactors. In this study, based on radical suspension polymerization, a novel kind of magnetic porous carriers (PMCs) was prepared by modifying the porous polymer carriers (PPCs) with inorganic particles, and then applied in a fluidized bed bioreactor (FBBR) with a low packing ratio of 10 % (v/v) to synthetic wastewater treatment. The results showed that this novel biocarrier possesses paramagnetism with saturation magnetization of 1.01emu/g, low density (1.26 g/cm3), excellent hydrophilicity (surface water contact angle approaching zero) and rough surface. Besides, compared with the PPCs, the developed PMCs have larger pores (up to 50 μm or more), in which the larger-sized microbes are able to colonize. Moreover, as compared to the PPCs-based FBBR, the PMCs-based reactor achieved shorter time (7 days) for biofilm formaiton and significantly enhanced NH3-N removal efficiency ( nearly 20 % increase at the level of influent NH3-N concentration about 100 mg/L). High-throughput sequencing (HTS) results indicated that this new biocarrier could promote biodiversity and improve the abundance of Nitrosomonadales (the functional bacteria for ammonia removal in the bio-system), thus enhancing the ammonification process. Therefore, the developed PMCs could be preferable biocarriers for biofilm formation and provide an alternative to the traditional suspended biocarrier, demonstrating a promising potential, even at a lower filling ratio, to enhance the pollutants removal performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qibang Tong
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Guixin Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Maolian Chen
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Yaping Chen
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Yong Guo
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China.
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8
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Zhang X, Ding J, Gao F, Zhou X, Wei J, Liang Z, Liu Z, Xiao X, Wu Z. Enhancement of nitrogen removal in hybrid wastewater treatment system using ferric citrate modified basalt fiber biocarrier. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:10.1007/s11356-021-12941-7. [PMID: 33638791 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-12941-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Developing biofilm carriers is of great significance for efficient wastewater treatment. In this work, ferric citrate was used to modify inorganic basalt fiber (BF) biocarrier, thus improving its surface properties and the nitrogen removal in hybrid wastewater treatment system. The results showed that the iron element on modified basalt fiber (Fe-MBF) existed in the forms of ferric citrate, Fe(OH)3, Fe2O3, and FeO. The ferric deposition increased the surface roughness, hydrophilicity and reduced the electronegativity of BF. The water contact angle of BF and Fe-MBF was 117.46° and 64.85°, respectively. The surface zeta potential of BF was -17.64 mV, but shifted positively (-8.67 mV) after deposition modification. The microorganism adhesion tests showed that the attached biomass and extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) content on Fe-MBF biocarrier significantly increased and the attached bacteria had also high viability. The Fe-MBF biocarrier showed good nitrogen removal performance in the hybrid bioreactor, with total nitrogen removal efficiency up to 95.35±0.82%, increasing by about 16% compared to that with unmodified BF biocarrier. This work also provided a green modification strategy to enhance biofilm carrier in wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Zhang
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu, 241000, Anhui, China
- Institute of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiazeng Ding
- Institute of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fengyi Gao
- Institute of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiangtong Zhou
- Institute of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jing Wei
- Institute of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Zhishui Liang
- School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhigang Liu
- Institute of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiang Xiao
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Zhiren Wu
- Institute of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China.
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9
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Xu Y, Ou Q, Zhou X, He Q, Wu Z, Huang R, Song J, Ma J, Huangfu X. Impacts of carrier properties, environmental conditions and extracellular polymeric substances on biofilm formation of sieved fine particles from activated sludge. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 731:139196. [PMID: 32417483 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the effect of properties of carriers, environmental conditions and extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) on the initial adhesion of biofilm formation in biofilm-based reactors, a quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM-D) was applied to monitor the deposition rates and viscoelastic properties of sieved sludge particles on model biocarriers. The results suggested that surface charge, hydrophobicity and surface coating of five representative carriers influenced deposition rates and viscoelastic properties of biofilm, whose variation with NaCl concentrations was controlled by not only the Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek (DLVO) interaction but also non-DLVO forces. On hydrophobic surface, the addition of cationic substances enhanced the deposition rates and the compaction of deposited layer due to strong "hydrophobizing effect". For examples, 10 mM Ca2+, 10 mM Mg2+ and 10 mg/L poly-l-lysine enhanced the deposition rates to nearly 3, 2 and 4 times, as well as reduced the softness of deposited layer to almost 35%, 60% and 35%. Conversely, 10 mg/L negatively charged alginate might cause water retainment and steric shielding, thereby reducing the deposition rates to 40% and increasing the softness of deposited film to 120%. The presence of EPS sub-fractions can modify surface properties of sludge particles, to distinct degrees, contributing to biofilm formation. Notably, compared to tightly bound EPS (TB-EPS), loosely bound EPS (LB-EPS) was more conducive to microbial attachment, but the presence of LB-EPS promoted the formation of a soft layer on a hydrophobic surface. Overall, these results provide insights into intrinsic mechanisms of the variation of deposition rates and viscoelastic properties responding to critical factors, which are meaningful to predict and regulate the initial adhesion process in biofilm-based reactors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanghui Xu
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, 400044, China
| | - Qin Ou
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, 400044, China
| | - Xiaojun Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, 400044, China
| | - Qiang He
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, 400044, China
| | - Zhengsong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, 400044, China
| | - Ruixing Huang
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, 400044, China
| | - Jiahui Song
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, 400044, China
| | - Jun Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, 150001, China
| | - Xiaoliu Huangfu
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, 400044, China.
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Ou Q, Xu Y, Li X, He Q, Liu C, Zhou X, Wu Z, Huang R, Song J, Huangfu X. Interactions between activated sludge extracellular polymeric substances and model carrier surfaces in WWTPs: A combination of QCM-D, AFM and XDLVO prediction. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 253:126720. [PMID: 32464762 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
To understand the biofilm formation of biofilm-based processes in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), the interaction mechanisms between extracted extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and three model carrier surfaces (i.e., negatively charged hydrophilic silica, positively charged hydrophilic alumina, and neutral charged hydrophobic polystyrene) were investigated employing a laboratory quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring equipment (QCM-D) and an atomic force microscope (AFM). The data suggested that surface charge and hydrophobicity of both EPS and carriers played significant roles in the interaction behaviors. Moreover, increases in ionic strength could lead to the increasing zeta potential and hydrophobicity of EPS. It is worth noting that long-range DLVO forces dominated the EPS deposition on carriers in lower ionic strength while short-range Lewis acid-base (AB) interaction controlled the adhesion behaviors in higher ionic strength. Besides, the presence of calcium ions contributed to the adhesion behaviors because of strong charge neutralization and hydrophobic effect. Bound EPS (BEPS) showed higher affinity to model carriers than dissolved EPS (DEPS), which conformed to XDLVO prediction rather than classical DLVO model. Overall, these results provide insights into the influence mechanisms of carrier characteristics, ionic strength, calcium ion and EPS components on the interaction between EPS and representative carriers, contributing to predict and regulate biofilm formation in biofilm-based processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Ou
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Urban Construction and Environmental Engineering, Chongqing University, 400044, China
| | - Yanghui Xu
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Urban Construction and Environmental Engineering, Chongqing University, 400044, China
| | - Xiaoling Li
- School of Civil Engineering, Key Laboratory of Water Supply & Sewage Engineering (Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development), Chang'an University, Xi'an, 710054, PR China
| | - Qiang He
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Urban Construction and Environmental Engineering, Chongqing University, 400044, China
| | - Caihong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Urban Construction and Environmental Engineering, Chongqing University, 400044, China
| | - Xiaojun Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Urban Construction and Environmental Engineering, Chongqing University, 400044, China
| | - Zhengsong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Urban Construction and Environmental Engineering, Chongqing University, 400044, China
| | - Ruixing Huang
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Urban Construction and Environmental Engineering, Chongqing University, 400044, China
| | - Jiahui Song
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Urban Construction and Environmental Engineering, Chongqing University, 400044, China
| | - Xiaoliu Huangfu
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Urban Construction and Environmental Engineering, Chongqing University, 400044, China.
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Enhanced Hydrophilic and Electrophilic Properties of Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) Biofilm Carrier. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12061240. [PMID: 32485913 PMCID: PMC7361826 DOI: 10.3390/polym12061240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) biofilm carrier is used as a carrier for bacterial adsorption in wastewater treatment. The hydrophilicity and electrophilicity of its surface play an important role in the adsorption of bacteria. The PVC biofilm carrier was prepared by extruder, and its surface properties were investigated. In order to improve the hydrophilicity and electrophilic properties of the PVC biofilm carrier, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and cationic polyacrylamide (cPAM) were incorporated into polyvinyl chloride (PVC) by blending. Besides, the surface area of the PVC biofilm carrier was increased by azodicarbonamide modified with 10% by weight of zinc oxide (mAC). The surface contact angle of PVC applied by PVA and cPAM at 5 wt %, 15 wt % was 81.6°, which was 18.0% lower than pure PVC. It shows the significant improvement of the hydrophilicity of PVC. The zeta potential of pure PVC was −9.59 mV, while the modified PVC was 14.6 mV, which proves that the surface charge of PVC changed from negative to positive. Positive charge is more conducive to the adsorption of bacteria. It is obvious from the scanning electron microscope (SEM) images that holes appeared on the surface of the PVC biofilm carrier after adding mAC, which indicates the increase of PVC surface area.
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Liu T, He X, Jia G, Xu J, Quan X, You S. Simultaneous nitrification and denitrification process using novel surface-modified suspended carriers for the treatment of real domestic wastewater. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 247:125831. [PMID: 31935576 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.125831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Moving-bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) is a well-established technology for simultaneous nitrification and denitrification (SND). In MBBR, biofilm development and pollutant removal performance are strictly governed by the physico-chemical properties of the carriers. In this study, novel surface-modified carriers with enhanced hydrophilicity (surface contact angle of 60.2 ± 2.3°) and positively-charged surfaces (+11.7 ± 1.1 mV, pH 7.0) had been prepared successfully via polymer blending, and they had also been implemented in SND system for the treatment of real domestic wastewater. Results showed that accelerated startup of SND with more biomass on the carriers was observed in MBBR system filled with surface-modified carriers. At low DO level (0.6-0.8 mg L-1) and low C/N ratio (≤5), highly efficient organics removal and SND performance could be achieved with COD removal, TN removal and SND efficiencies of 79.3-85.7%, 62.0-75.9% and 58.5-71.8%, respectively. The efficient performance of SND in MBBR system filled with surface-modified carriers was mainly attributed to the coexistence of enriched mixtrophic nitrifiers and denitrifiers like autotrophic nitrifers (Nitrosomonas, Nitrospira, Nitrobacter), heterotrophic nitrifers (Rudaea), aerobicdenitrifiers (Dokdonella, Terrimonas), anoxic denitrifiers (Gemmobacter, Ottowia, Methyloversatilis, Thermomonas) and N2O producer (Mesorhizobium).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China.
| | - Xiaolu He
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Guangyue Jia
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Jiawei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Xie Quan
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Shijie You
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China.
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Zhao Y, Liu D, Huang W, Yang Y, Ji M, Nghiem LD, Trinh QT, Tran NH. Insights into biofilm carriers for biological wastewater treatment processes: Current state-of-the-art, challenges, and opportunities. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 288:121619. [PMID: 31202712 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.121619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Biofilm carriers play an important role in attached growth systems for wastewater treatment processes. This study systematically summarizes the traditional and novel biofilm carriers utilized in biofilm-based wastewater treatment technology. The advantages and disadvantages of traditional biofilm carriers are evaluated and discussed in light of basic property, biocompatibility and applicability. The characteristics, applications performance, and mechanism of novel carriers (including slow-release carriers, hydrophilic/electrophilic modified carriers, magnetic carriers and redox mediator carriers) in wastewater biological treatment were deeply analyzed. Slow release biofilm carriers are used to provide a solid substrate and electron donor for the growth of microorganisms and denitrification for anoxic and/or anaerobic bioreactors. Carriers with hydrophilic/electrophilic modified surface are applied for promoting biofilm formation. Magnetic materials-based carriers are employed to shorten the start-up time of bioreactor. Biofilm carriers acting as redox mediators are used to accelerate biotransformation of recalcitrant pollutants in industrial wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingxin Zhao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Duo Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Wenli Huang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Ying Yang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Min Ji
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Long Duc Nghiem
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NWS 2007, Australia
| | - Quang Thang Trinh
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang 550000, Viet Nam
| | - Ngoc Han Tran
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang 550000, Viet Nam; NUS Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, 1-Create Way, #15-02 Create Tower, Singapore 138602, Singapore.
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Zhu Y. Preparation and characterization of a new hydrophilic and biocompatible magnetic polypropylene carrier used in wastewater treatment. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2018; 39:2736-2746. [PMID: 28791890 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2017.1365940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This paper employed a blending method to prepare a new hydrophilic and biocompatible magnetic polypropylene carrier (HBMPC) and pure polypropylene carrier (PPC). Mechanical strength, magnetic induction on surface, microstructure, hydrophilicity and biocompatibility of HBMPC were measured, characterized and investigated respectively. The results showed that mechanical strength of PPC and HBMPC was not much different; magnetic induction on the surface of HBMPC was 4-6 mT; HBMPC had relatively large surface roughness and specific surface; average water content of PPC and HBMPC was 47.1% and 64.7%, respectively; contact angle of PPC and HBMPC was 88.7° and 58.5°, respectively; adsorption capacity of HBMPC and PPC to microorganism was 5.40E + 05 and 5.70E + 04 cfu (g·h)-1, respectively. It took about 15 days for PPC to succeed in biofilm culturing while it took only 12 days for HBMPC. COD and [Formula: see text] removal efficiencies of PPC and HBMPC on the 15th day of biofilm formation were 80.5%, 90.5%, 63.7% and 85.4%, respectively; and growth status of microorganism adhering to the surface of HBMPC was better than that of PPC, biomass on single HBMPC and PPC after succeeded in biofilm culturing was 43.9 and 27.4 mg, respectively. All of these indicated that HBMPC had excellent hydrophilicity and biocompatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youli Zhu
- a Faculty of Urban Construction and Environmental Engineering , Chongqing University , Chongqing , People's Republic of China
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15
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The performance of biocarrier containing zinc nanoparticles in biofilm reactor for treating textile wastewater. Process Biochem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2018.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Cho S, Jung M, Ju D, Lee YH, Cho K, Okabe S. Anammox biomass carrying efficiency of polyethylene non-woven sheets as a carrier material. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2018; 39:2503-2510. [PMID: 28720070 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2017.1357760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 07/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
To access the effects of the surface modification and fabric structure of polyethylene (PE) non-woven fabric sheets on retaining the attachment efficiency of anammox biomass, three different non-woven sheets were prepared and inserted in an anammox reactor. The hydrophobic surface modification with 10% KMnO4 and gelatin did not improve the attachment efficiency of the anammox biomass on the surface of the PE non-woven fibers. Densely packed PE-755 having the highest specific surface area to volume ratio (SA/V) (755) retained 221.4 mg biomass per unit sheet, whereas PE-181 having the lowest SA/V (181) retained only 66.4 mg biomass per unit. Accordingly, the volumetric anammox activity of non-woven sheet PE-755 was the highest among the three PE non-woven sheets because of the strong positive relationship between the specific anammox activity and biomass amount (R = 0.835, P < .01). The specific surface area to volume ratio (cm2 cm-3) as well as the bulk density should be considered as important parameters for the selection of non-woven biocarriers for anammox biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunja Cho
- a Department of Microbiology , Pusan National University , Busan , Korea
| | | | | | - Young-Hee Lee
- c Department of Organic Material Science and Engineering , Pusan National University , Busan , Korea
| | - Kuk Cho
- d Department of Environmental Engineering , Pusan National University , Busan , Korea
| | - Satoshi Okabe
- e Division of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering , Hokkaido University , Hokkaido , Japan
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Ravensdale JT, Coorey R, Dykes GA. Integration of Emerging Biomedical Technologies in Meat Processing to Improve Meat Safety and Quality. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2018; 17:615-632. [PMID: 33350135 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Revised: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Modern-day processing of meat products involves a series of complex procedures designed to ensure the quality and safety of the meat for consumers. As the size of abattoirs increases, the logistical problems associated with large-capacity animal processing can affect the sanitation of the facility and the meat products, potentially increasing transmission of infectious diseases. Additionally, spoilage of food from improper processing and storage increases the global economic and ecological burden of meat production. Advances in biomedical and materials science have allowed for the development of innovative new antibacterial technologies that have broad applications in the medical industry. Additionally, new approaches in tissue engineering and nondestructive cooling of biological specimens could significantly improve organ transplantation and tissue grafting. These same strategies may be even more effective in the preservation and protection of meat as animal carcasses are easier to manipulate and do not have the same stringent requirements of care as living patients. This review presents potential applications of emerging biomedical technologies in the food industry to improve meat safety and quality. Future research directions investigating these new technologies and their usefulness in the meat processing chain along with regulatory, logistical, and consumer perception issues will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua T Ravensdale
- School of Public Health, Curtin Univ., Kent Street, Perth, Western Australia, 6102, Australia.,Curtin Health Innovation Research Inst., Curtin Univ., Kent Street, Perth, Western Australia, 6102, Australia
| | - Ranil Coorey
- School of Public Health, Curtin Univ., Kent Street, Perth, Western Australia, 6102, Australia.,Curtin Health Innovation Research Inst., Curtin Univ., Kent Street, Perth, Western Australia, 6102, Australia
| | - Gary A Dykes
- School of Public Health, Curtin Univ., Kent Street, Perth, Western Australia, 6102, Australia.,Curtin Health Innovation Research Inst., Curtin Univ., Kent Street, Perth, Western Australia, 6102, Australia
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Liu T, Mao YJ, Shi YP, Quan X. Start-up and bacterial community compositions of partial nitrification in moving bed biofilm reactor. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 101:2563-2574. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-016-8003-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Revised: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Impact of substratum surface on microbial community structure and treatment performance in biological aerated filters. Appl Environ Microbiol 2013; 80:177-83. [PMID: 24141134 DOI: 10.1128/aem.03001-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The impact of substratum surface property change on biofilm community structure was investigated using laboratory biological aerated filter (BAF) reactors and molecular microbial community analysis. Two substratum surfaces that differed in surface properties were created via surface coating and used to develop biofilms in test (modified surface) and control (original surface) BAF reactors. Microbial community analysis by 16S rRNA gene-based PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) showed that the surface property change consistently resulted in distinct profiles of microbial populations during replicate reactor start-ups. Pyrosequencing of the bar-coded 16S rRNA gene amplicons surveyed more than 90% of the microbial diversity in the microbial communities and identified 72 unique bacterial species within 19 bacterial orders. Among the 19 orders of bacteria detected, Burkholderiales and Rhodocyclales of the Betaproteobacteria class were numerically dominant and accounted for 90.5 to 97.4% of the sequence reads, and their relative abundances in the test and control BAF reactors were different in consistent patterns during the two reactor start-ups. Three of the five dominant bacterial species also showed consistent relative abundance changes between the test and control BAF reactors. The different biofilm microbial communities led to different treatment efficiencies, with consistently higher total organic carbon (TOC) removal in the test reactor than in the control reactor. Further understanding of how surface properties affect biofilm microbial communities and functional performance would enable the rational design of new generations of substrata for the improvement of biofilm-based biological treatment processes.
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