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Papadopoulos C, Larue AE, Toulouze C, Mokhtari O, Lefort J, Libert E, Assémat P, Swider P, Malaquin L, Davit Y. A versatile micromodel technology to explore biofilm development in porous media flows. LAB ON A CHIP 2024; 24:254-271. [PMID: 38059908 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc00293d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial biofilms that grow in porous media are critical to ecosystem processes and applications ranging from soil bioremediation to bioreactors for treating wastewater or producing value-added products. However, understanding and engineering the complex phenomena that drive the development of biofilms in such systems remains a challenge. Here we present a novel micromodel technology to explore bacterial biofilm development in porous media flows. The technology consists of a set of modules that can be combined as required for any given experiment and conveniently tuned for specific requirements. The core module is a 3D-printed micromodel where biofilm is grown into a perfusable porous substrate. High-precision additive manufacturing, in particular stereolithography, is used to fabricate porous scaffolds with precisely controlled architectures integrating flow channels with diameters down to several hundreds of micrometers. The system is instrumented with: ultraviolet-C light-emitting diodes; on-line measurements of oxygen consumption and pressure drop across the porous medium; camera and spectrophotometric cells for the detection of biofilm detachment events at the outlet. We demonstrate how this technology can be used to study the development of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm for several days within a network of flow channels. We find complex dynamics whereby oxygen consumption reaches a steady-state but not the pressure drop, which instead features a permanent regime with large fluctuations. We further use X-ray computed microtomography to image the spatial distribution of biofilms and computational fluid dynamics to link biofilm development with local flow properties. By combining the advantages of additive manufacturing for the creation of reproducible 3D porous microarchitectures with the flow control and instrumentation accuracy of microfluidics, our system provides a platform to study the dynamics of biofilm development in 3D porous media and to rapidly test new concepts in process engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christos Papadopoulos
- Institut de Mécanique des Fluides (IMFT), CNRS & Université de Toulouse, 31400 Toulouse, France.
- LAAS-CNRS, CNRS & Université de Toulouse, 31400 Toulouse, France
| | - Anne Edith Larue
- Institut de Mécanique des Fluides (IMFT), CNRS & Université de Toulouse, 31400 Toulouse, France.
- Transverse Lab, 271 rue des Fontaines, 31300 Toulouse, France
| | - Clara Toulouze
- Institut de Mécanique des Fluides (IMFT), CNRS & Université de Toulouse, 31400 Toulouse, France.
| | - Omar Mokhtari
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Bern, Gesellschaftsstrasse 6, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Julien Lefort
- Institut de Mécanique des Fluides (IMFT), CNRS & Université de Toulouse, 31400 Toulouse, France.
| | - Emmanuel Libert
- Institut de Mécanique des Fluides (IMFT), CNRS & Université de Toulouse, 31400 Toulouse, France.
| | - Pauline Assémat
- Institut de Mécanique des Fluides (IMFT), CNRS & Université de Toulouse, 31400 Toulouse, France.
| | - Pascal Swider
- Institut de Mécanique des Fluides (IMFT), CNRS & Université de Toulouse, 31400 Toulouse, France.
| | - Laurent Malaquin
- LAAS-CNRS, CNRS & Université de Toulouse, 31400 Toulouse, France
| | - Yohan Davit
- Institut de Mécanique des Fluides (IMFT), CNRS & Université de Toulouse, 31400 Toulouse, France.
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Rux C, Wittmer A, Stork A, Vach K, Hellwig E, Cieplik F, Al-Ahmad A. Optimizing the use of low-frequency ultrasound for bacterial detachment of in vivo biofilms in dental research-a methodological study. Clin Oral Investig 2023; 28:19. [PMID: 38141103 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-023-05397-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Low-frequency, low-intensity ultrasound is commonly utilized in various dental research fields to remove biofilms from surfaces, but no clear recommendation exists in dental studies so far. Therefore, this study aims to optimize the sonication procedure for the dental field to efficiently detach bacteria while preserving viability. MATERIALS AND METHODS Initial biofilm was formed in vivo on bovine enamel slabs (n = 6) which were worn by four healthy participants for 4 h and 24 h. The enamel slabs covered with biofilm were then ultrasonicated ex vivo for various time periods (0, 1, 2, 4, 6 min). Colony-forming units were determined for quantification, and bacteria were identified using MALDI-TOF. Scanning electron microscopic images were taken to also examine the efficiency of ultrasonications for different time periods. RESULTS Ultrasonication for 1 min resulted in the highest bacterial counts, with at least 4.5-fold number compared to the non-sonicated control (p < 0.05). Most bacteria were detached within the first 2 min of sonication, but there were still bacteria detached afterwards, although significantly fewer (p < 0.0001). The highest bacterial diversity was observed after 1 and 2 min of sonication (p < 0.03). Longer sonication periods negatively affected bacterial counts of anaerobes, Gram-negative bacteria, and bacilli. Scanning electron microscopic images demonstrated the ability of ultrasound to desorb microorganisms, as well as revealing cell damage and remaining bacteria. CONCLUSIONS With the use of low-frequency, low-intensity ultrasound, significantly higher bacterial counts and diversity can be reached. A shorter sonication time of 1 min shows the best results overall. CLINICAL RELEVANCE This standardization is recommended to study initial oral biofilms aged up to 24 h to maximize the outcome of experiments and lead to better comparability of studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra Rux
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Annette Wittmer
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hermann-Herder- Str. 11, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Anja Stork
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Kirstin Vach
- Institute for Medical Biometry and Statistics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Str. 26, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Elmar Hellwig
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Fabian Cieplik
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Ali Al-Ahmad
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106, Freiburg, Germany.
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3
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Liébana R, Modin O, Persson F, Hermansson M, Wilén BM. Resistance of aerobic granular sludge microbiomes to periodic loss of biomass. Biofilm 2023; 6:100145. [PMID: 37575957 PMCID: PMC10415711 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioflm.2023.100145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Granular sludge is a biofilm process used for wastewater treatment which is currently being implemented worldwide. It is important to understand how disturbances affect the microbial community and performance of reactors. Here, two acetate-fed replicate reactors were inoculated with acclimatized sludge and the reactor performance, and the granular sludge microbial community succession were studied for 149 days. During this time, the microbial community was challenged by periodically removing half of the reactor biomass, subsequently increasing the food-to-microorganism (F/M) ratio. Diversity analysis together with null models show that overall, the microbial communities were resistant to the disturbances, observing some minor effects on polyphosphate-accumulating and denitrifying microbial communities and their associated reactor functions. Community turnover was driven by drift and random granule loss, and stochasticity was the governing ecological process for community assembly. These results evidence the aerobic granular sludge process as a robust system for wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Liébana
- Division of Water Environment Technology, Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Sven Hultins gata 6, SE 412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden
- AZTI, Marine Research Division, Basque Research Technology Alliance (BRTA), Txatxarramendi Ugartea z/g, 48395, Sukarrieta, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Oskar Modin
- Division of Water Environment Technology, Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Sven Hultins gata 6, SE 412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Frank Persson
- Division of Water Environment Technology, Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Sven Hultins gata 6, SE 412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Malte Hermansson
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Medicinaregatan 9E, SE-413 90, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Britt-Marie Wilén
- Division of Water Environment Technology, Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Sven Hultins gata 6, SE 412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden
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4
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Banti DC, Samaras P, Kostopoulou E, Tsioni V, Sfetsas T. Improvement of MBBR-MBR Performance by the Addition of Commercial and 3D-Printed Biocarriers. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:690. [PMID: 37623751 PMCID: PMC10456846 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13080690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Moving bed biofilm reactor combined with membrane bioreactor (MBBR-MBR) constitute a highly effective wastewater treatment technology. The aim of this research work was to study the effect of commercial K1 biocarriers (MBBR-MBR K1 unit) and 3D-printed biocarriers fabricated from 13X and Halloysite (MBBR-MBR 13X-H unit), on the efficiency and the fouling rate of an MBBR-MBR unit during wastewater treatment. Various physicochemical parameters and trans-membrane pressure were measured. It was observed that in the MBBR-MBR K1 unit, membrane filtration improved reaching total membrane fouling at 43d, while in the MBBR-MBR 13X-H and in the control MBBR-MBR total fouling took place at about 32d. This is attributed to the large production of soluble microbial products (SMP) in the MBBR-MBR 13X-H, which resulted from a large amount of biofilm created in the 13X-H biocarriers. An optimal biodegradation of the organic load was concluded, and nitrification and denitrification processes were improved at the MBBR-MBR K1 and MBBR-MBR 13X-H units. The dry mass produced on the 13X-H biocarriers ranged at 4980-5711 mg, three orders of magnitude larger than that produced on the K1, which ranged at 2.9-4.6 mg. Finally, it was observed that mostly extracellular polymeric substances were produced in the biofilm of K1 biocarriers while in 13X-H mostly SMP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitra C. Banti
- QLAB Private Company, Research & Development, Quality Control and Testing Services, 57008 Thessaloniki, Greece; (E.K.); (V.T.); (T.S.)
- Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Geotechnical Sciences, International Hellenic University, 57400 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Petros Samaras
- Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Geotechnical Sciences, International Hellenic University, 57400 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Eleni Kostopoulou
- QLAB Private Company, Research & Development, Quality Control and Testing Services, 57008 Thessaloniki, Greece; (E.K.); (V.T.); (T.S.)
| | - Vassiliki Tsioni
- QLAB Private Company, Research & Development, Quality Control and Testing Services, 57008 Thessaloniki, Greece; (E.K.); (V.T.); (T.S.)
| | - Themistoklis Sfetsas
- QLAB Private Company, Research & Development, Quality Control and Testing Services, 57008 Thessaloniki, Greece; (E.K.); (V.T.); (T.S.)
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5
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Buta B, Wiatkowski M, Gruss Ł, Tomczyk P, Kasperek R. Spatio-temporal evolution of eutrophication and water quality in the Turawa dam reservoir, Poland. Sci Rep 2023; 13:9880. [PMID: 37336929 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-36936-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The objectives of the article are: to assess spatio-temporal evolution of eutrophication and water quality of the Turawa dam reservoir, located in south-western Poland on the Mała Panew River; to identify location and relationship between potential sources of physicochemical pollution related to the progressing process of eutrophication; and to determine trophic status and water quality indices of the selected research object. The analysis (Mann-Whitney U test, PCA, HCA, Spearman correlation matrix) showed a high susceptibility of the reservoir to eutrophication processes, especially due to the influence of dangerous loads of compounds emerging from areas with high tourist intensity and pollutants flowing from the Mała Panew River. The parameters deteriorating the ecological status were TP, DO, BOD5, and COD. Considering the cumulative results of water quality indices for the period 1998-2020, the average water quality was in classes II or III. A noticeable deterioration appeared in water quality for the years 2016-2020, which proves the progressing eutrophication in the Turawa reservoir. In 1998-2020, the reservoir was classified as eutrophic or mesoeutrophic based on the calculated three trophic status indices. This article would help in developing a strategy for dealing with water blooms, a reliable system for monitoring pressures causing eutrophication, and optimal technologies for the reconstruction of multifunctional reservoirs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bogna Buta
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-363, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Mirosław Wiatkowski
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-363, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Łukasz Gruss
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-363, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Paweł Tomczyk
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-363, Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Robert Kasperek
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-363, Wrocław, Poland
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6
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Cui H, Zhang L, Zhang Q, Li X, Peng Y, Wang C. Enhancing nitrogen removal of carbon-limited municipal wastewater in step-feed biofilm batch reactor through integration of anammox. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 381:129091. [PMID: 37105262 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The biological nitrogen removal of municipal wastewater was successfully improved by integrating anammox in a step-feed sequencing biofilm batch reactor. Despite fluctuating influent carbon to nitrogen ratio (1.9-5.1) and decreasing temperature (24.1-16.3 ℃), nitrogen removal efficiency of 95.9 ± 1.4 % and nitrogen removal rate of 0.23 ± 0.02 kg N/(m3·d) were successfully maintained without requirement of external carbon sources. The advanced removal performance was mainly attributed to the enhanced anammox. Anammox bacteria presented a high relative abundance (42.9% in biofilms, 1.5% in flocs) and anammox activity was as high as 5.42 ± 0.12 mg N/(g volatile suspended solids·h). Further analysis suggested that flexible control of influent organic and ammonium through step-feeding could provide multiple substrate supply for anammox reaction, potentially resulting in stable combination of anammox with hybrid-nitrite-shunt processes. Overall, this study provides a promising anammox-related application with simple-control step-feed strategy for enhanced and stable nitrogen removal from carbon-limited municipal wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihui Cui
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
| | - Liang Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
| | - Qiong Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
| | - Xiyao Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
| | - Yongzhen Peng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China.
| | - Chuanxin Wang
- Guangdong Shouhui Lantian Engineering and Technology Co., Ltd., Units 01 and 04, 5/F, Xingguang Yingjing Commercial Center, 117 Shuiyin Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, PR China
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7
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Reid E, Igou T, Zhao Y, Crittenden J, Huang CH, Westerhoff P, Rittmann B, Drewes JE, Chen Y. The Minus Approach Can Redefine the Standard of Practice of Drinking Water Treatment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:7150-7161. [PMID: 37074125 PMCID: PMC10173460 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c09389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Chlorine-based disinfection for drinking water treatment (DWT) was one of the 20th century's great public health achievements, as it substantially reduced the risk of acute microbial waterborne disease. However, today's chlorinated drinking water is not unambiguously safe; trace levels of regulated and unregulated disinfection byproducts (DBPs), and other known, unknown, and emerging contaminants (KUECs), present chronic risks that make them essential removal targets. Because conventional chemical-based DWT processes do little to remove DBPs or KUECs, alternative approaches are needed to minimize risks by removing DBP precursors and KUECs that are ubiquitous in water supplies. We present the "Minus Approach" as a toolbox of practices and technologies to mitigate KUECs and DBPs without compromising microbiological safety. The Minus Approach reduces problem-causing chemical addition treatment (i.e., the conventional "Plus Approach") by producing biologically stable water containing pathogens at levels having negligible human health risk and substantially lower concentrations of KUECs and DBPs. Aside from ozonation, the Minus Approach avoids primary chemical-based coagulants, disinfectants, and advanced oxidation processes. The Minus Approach focuses on bank filtration, biofiltration, adsorption, and membranes to biologically and physically remove DBP precursors, KUECs, and pathogens; consequently, water purveyors can use ultraviolet light at key locations in conjunction with smaller dosages of secondary chemical disinfectants to minimize microbial regrowth in distribution systems. We describe how the Minus Approach contrasts with the conventional Plus Approach, integrates with artificial intelligence, and can ultimately improve the sustainability performance of water treatment. Finally, we consider barriers to adoption of the Minus Approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elliot Reid
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Thomas Igou
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Yangying Zhao
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - John Crittenden
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
- Brook Byers Institute for Sustainable Systems, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Ching-Hua Huang
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Paul Westerhoff
- Nanosystems Engineering Research Center for Nanotechnology-Enabled Water Treatment, School of Sustainable Engineering and The Built Environment, Ira A. Fulton Schools of Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Bruce Rittmann
- Nanosystems Engineering Research Center for Nanotechnology-Enabled Water Treatment, School of Sustainable Engineering and The Built Environment, Ira A. Fulton Schools of Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
- Biodesign Swette Center for Environmental Biotechnology, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Jörg E Drewes
- Chair of Urban Water Systems Engineering, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Yongsheng Chen
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
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8
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Fowler SJ, Torresi E, Dechesne A, Smets BF. Biofilm thickness controls the relative importance of stochastic and deterministic processes in microbial community assembly in moving bed biofilm reactors. Interface Focus 2023; 13:20220069. [PMID: 36793505 PMCID: PMC9912012 DOI: 10.1098/rsfs.2022.0069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Deterministic and stochastic processes are believed to play a combined role in microbial community assembly, though little is known about the factors determining their relative importance. We investigated the effect of biofilm thickness on community assembly in nitrifying moving bed biofilm reactors using biofilm carriers where maximum biofilm thickness is controlled. We examined the contribution of stochastic and deterministic processes to biofilm assembly in a steady state system using neutral community modelling and community diversity analysis with a null-modelling approach. Our results indicate that the formation of biofilms results in habitat filtration, causing selection for phylogenetically closely related community members, resulting in a substantial enrichment of Nitrospira spp. in the biofilm communities. Stochastic assembly processes were more prevalent in biofilms of 200 µm and thicker, while stronger selection in thinner (50 µm) biofilms could be driven by hydrodynamic and shear forces at the biofilm surface. Thicker biofilms exhibited greater phylogenetic beta-diversity, which may be driven by a variable selection regime caused by variation in environmental conditions between replicate carrier communities, or by drift combined with low migration rates resulting in stochastic historical contingency during community establishment. Our results indicate that assembly processes vary with biofilm thickness, contributing to our understanding of biofilm ecology and potentially paving the way towards strategies for microbial community management in biofilm systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Jane Fowler
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
| | | | - Arnaud Dechesne
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Barth F. Smets
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs Lyngby, Denmark
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9
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Fan Z, Zhou X. Decoding the Role of Extracellular Polymeric Substances in Enhancing Nitrogen Removal from High-Ammonia and Low-C/N Wastewater in a Sequencing Batch Packed-Bed Biofilm Reactor. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15061510. [PMID: 36987290 PMCID: PMC10051956 DOI: 10.3390/polym15061510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the role of extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs) as a viscous high-molecular polymer in biological wastewater treatment has been recognized, in-depth knowledge of how EPSs affect nitrogen removal remains limited in biofilm-based reactors. Herein, we explored EPS characteristics associated with nitrogen removal from high-ammonia (NH4+-N: 300 mg/L) and low carbon-to-nitrogen ratio (C/N: 2-3) wastewater in a sequencing batch packed-bed biofilm reactor (SBPBBR) under four different operating scenarios for a total of 112 cycles. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) analysis revealed that the distinct physicochemical properties, interface microstructure, and chemical composition of the bio-carrier were conducive to biofilm formation and microbial immobilization and enrichment. Under the optimal conditions (C/N: 3, dissolved oxygen: 1.3 mg/L, and cycle time: 12 h), 88.9% ammonia removal efficiency (ARE) and 81.9% nitrogen removal efficiency (NRE) could be achieved in the SBPBBR. Based on visual and SEM observations of the bio-carriers, biofilm development, biomass concentration, and microbial morphology were closely linked with nitrogen removal performance. Moreover, FTIR and three-dimensional excitation-emission matrix (3D-EEM) spectroscopy demonstrated that tightly bound EPSs (TB-EPSs) play a more important role in maintaining the stability of the biofilm. Significant shifts in the number, intensity, and position of fluorescence peaks of EPSs determined different nitrogen removal. More importantly, the high presence of tryptophan proteins and humic acids might promote advanced nitrogen removal. These findings uncover intrinsic correlations between EPSs and nitrogen removal for better controlling and optimizing biofilm reactors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Fan
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Xin Zhou
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
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10
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Farooq AJ, Chamberlain M, Poonja A, Mumford KG, Wallace S, Weber KP. Peaks, pores, and dragon eggs: Uncovering and quantifying the heterogeneity of treatment wetland biofilm matrices. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 855:158857. [PMID: 36126711 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Biofilms serve to house diverse microbial communities, which are responsible for the majority of wastewater constituent degradation and transformation in treatment wetlands (TWs). TW biofilm has been generally conceptualized as a relatively uniform film covering available surfaces. However, no studies attaining direct visual 3D representations of biofilm morphology have been conducted. This study focuses on imaging the morphology of detached, gravel-associated, and rhizospheric (Phalaris arundinacea) biofilms from subsurface TW mesocosms. Images obtained through both traditional light microscopy, environmental scanning electron microscopy (E-SEM) and Wet-SEM revealed that TW biofilms are structurally heterogeneous ranging from corrugated films to clusters of aggregates. Features such as water channels and pores were observed suggesting that pollutant transport inside biofilms is complex, and that the interfacial surface area between water and biofilm is much larger than previously understood. Biofilm thickness generally ranged between 170 and 240 μm, with internal biofilm porosities estimated as 34 ± 10 %, reaching a maximum of 50 %. Internal biofilm matrix pore diameters ranged from 1 to 205.2 μm, with a distribution that favored pores and channels smaller than 10 μm, and a mean equivalent spherical diameter of 8.6 μm. Based on the large variation in pore and channel sizes it is expected that a variety of flow regimes and therefore pollutant dynamics are likely to occur inside TW biofilm matrices. Based on the visual evidence and analysis, a new conceptual model was created to reflect the microscale TW biofilm dynamics and morphology. This new conceptual model will serve to inform future biokinetic modelling, microscale hydrology, microbial community assessment, and pollutant treatment studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anbareen J Farooq
- Environmental Sciences Group, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Royal Military College of Canada, Kingston, ON K7K 7B4, Canada
| | - Mhari Chamberlain
- Environmental Sciences Group, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Royal Military College of Canada, Kingston, ON K7K 7B4, Canada
| | - Arman Poonja
- Environmental Sciences Group, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Royal Military College of Canada, Kingston, ON K7K 7B4, Canada
| | - Kevin G Mumford
- Department of Civil Engineering, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Scott Wallace
- Naturally Wallace Consulting LLC, Pilot Mountain, NC 27041, USA
| | - Kela P Weber
- Environmental Sciences Group, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Royal Military College of Canada, Kingston, ON K7K 7B4, Canada.
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11
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Vincent F, Rao TS, Kumar R, Nancharaiah YV. Exploring the effects of organic loading rate and domestic wastewater treatment by algal-bacterial granules under natural daylight conditions. WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH : A RESEARCH PUBLICATION OF THE WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION 2023; 95:e10831. [PMID: 36617440 DOI: 10.1002/wer.10831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Algal-bacterial granules or phototrophic granules (PGs) comprising phototrophic microorganisms and bacteria are explored in wastewater treatment for achieving both environmental and economic sustainability. This study describes development of PGs and their use in biological treatment of synthetic and real domestic wastewater (sewage) under natural daylight conditions and low organic loading rate (OLR). Development of PGs was sequentially recorded in a photobioreactor operated in photo-sequencing batch reactor (photo-SBR) mode at a low OLR of 1 kgCOD.m-3 .day-1 and the developed PGs was evaluated for treating synthetic wastewater and real municipal wastewater with 0.14 kg COD m-3 .day-1 . PGs formed in the photo-sequential batch reactor (SBR) were compact and dense and exhibited excellent settling properties. The removal efficiencies were determined to be up to 95%, 93%, 97%, 72%, and 88% for turbidity, COD, TOC, NH4 + -N, and NO2 - -N/NO3 - -N, respectively. Additionally, a reduction in total viable bacterial counts and fecal coliform bacteria up to 1.7 × 103 and 7.8 × 102 cfu.mL-1 , respectively, during treatment of real municipal wastewater was achieved. This study demonstrated cultivation of algal-bacterial granules or PGs and their application for treating real municipal wastewater under natural daylight and tropical climate conditions. Further studies are needed on understanding interactions among phototrophic, autotrophic, and heterotrophic microorganisms of complex algal-bacterial consortium for emerging applications in bioremediation and wastewater treatment. PRACTITIONER POINTS: Phototrophic granules (PGs) were cultivated from algal consortium and activated sludge inoculum in photo sequencing batch reactors. Granular photobioreactor was operated at low OLR of 1 kgCOD.m3 .day-1 for developing well-settling algal-bacterial granules. PGs were stable and showed efficient biological treatment of synthetic wastewater and real sewage. Removals for turbidity, pathogens, and ammonium were at 95%, 3-log, and 72%, respectively, from real sewage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis Vincent
- Biofouling and Biofilm Processes Section, WSCD, Chemistry Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Kalpakkam, India
| | - Toleti Subba Rao
- Biofouling and Biofilm Processes Section, WSCD, Chemistry Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Kalpakkam, India
| | - Rajesh Kumar
- Biofouling and Biofilm Processes Section, WSCD, Chemistry Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Kalpakkam, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Yarlagadda Venkata Nancharaiah
- Biofouling and Biofilm Processes Section, WSCD, Chemistry Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Kalpakkam, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
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12
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Abdulgader M, Yu J, Zinatizadeh AA, Williams P, Rahimi Z. Effect of Different Operational Conditions on the Treatment Performance of Milk Processing Wastewater (MPW) Using a Single Stage Flexible Fibre Biofilm Reactor (SS-FFBR). MEMBRANES 2022; 13:37. [PMID: 36676844 PMCID: PMC9866133 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13010037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The performance of a biofilm system, single-stage flexible fibre biofilm reactor (SS-FFBR) treating milk processing wastewater (MPW) is evaluated under various process and operational conditions. The system behavior is analyzed with different biological and physical parameters. Results show that the high COD removal efficiency of 95% is obtained at a low CODin concentration of 809 mg/L. However, the COD removal is slightly decreased to 91.7% once the CODin concentration incremented to nearly 4000 mg/L. The effect of organic loading rate (OLR) on the SS-FFBR performance is examined as total suspended solids removal efficiency, dissolved oxygen, and turbidity. The SS-FFBR showed considerable performance, so that 89.9% and 89.7% removal efficiencies in terms of COD and TSS removals, respectively, obtained at the highest OLR of 11.7 kg COD/m3d. TSS removal efficiency of 96.7% is obtained at a low OLR of 1.145 kg COD/m3d. A linear relationship between the OLR and COD removal rate was revealed. The COD removal rate was incremented from 1.08 to 10.68 kg COD/m3d as the OLR increased from 1.145 to 11.7 kg COD/m3d. Finally, the operating system is a promising technique recommended to treat various industrial wastewaters with high OLR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Abdulgader
- School of Engineering and Built Environment, Griffith University, Nathan Campus, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
- Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Environment & Natural Resources, Wadi Al-Shatti University, Brack Al-Shatti, Libya
| | - Jimmy Yu
- School of Engineering and Built Environment, Griffith University, Nathan Campus, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Ali Akbar Zinatizadeh
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Razi University, Kermanshah 6718773654, Iran
- Environmental and Pollution Engineering Group, Environmental Research Center (ERC), Razi University, Kermanshah 6718773654, Iran
| | - Philip Williams
- School of Engineering and Built Environment, Griffith University, Nathan Campus, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Zahra Rahimi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Razi University, Kermanshah 6718773654, Iran
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13
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Zhao Y, Zhu S, Fan X, Zhang X, Ren H, Huang H. Precise portrayal of microscopic processes of wastewater biofilm formation: Taking SiO 2 as the model carrier. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 849:157776. [PMID: 35926593 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Precise characterization of the microscopic processes of wastewater biofilm formation is essential for regulating biofilm behavior. Nevertheless, it remains a great challenge. This study investigated biofilm formation on SiO2 carriers under gradually increasing shear force combining the extended Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek (XDLVO) theory in a Couette-Taylor reactor, and precisely revealed the micro-interface interaction and species colonization during biofilm formation. The results indicated that bacterial reversible adhesion distance on SiO2 carrier surface was 3.06 ± 0.48 nm. Meanwhile, the secondary minimum of total XDLVO interaction energy could be used as a novel indicator to distinguish biofilm formation stages. The revealed biofilm formation stages were also confirmed by the electrochemical analysis. Additionally, the pioneer species that colonized at first were Comamonadaceae, Azospira, Flavobacterium and Azonexus, while keystone species such as Hydrogenophaga, AKYH767, Aquimonas and Ignavibacterium determined the stability of microbial community. In conclusion, this study provided a methodological example to study wastewater biofilm micro-interface behavior through the integration of an experimental platform as well as multiple monitoring and analysis methods, which opened up new perspectives for biofilm research and provided useful guidance for the regulation of biofilm-related treatment processes and new technology development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Shanshan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Xuan Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Xuxiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Hongqiang Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Hui Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, PR China.
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Sekoai PT, Chunilall V, Sithole B, Habimana O, Ndlovu S, Ezeokoli OT, Sharma P, Yoro KO. Elucidating the Role of Biofilm-Forming Microbial Communities in Fermentative Biohydrogen Process: An Overview. Microorganisms 2022; 10:1924. [PMID: 36296200 PMCID: PMC9611361 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10101924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Amongst the biofuels described in the literature, biohydrogen has gained heightened attention over the past decade due to its remarkable properties. Biohydrogen is a renewable form of H2 that can be produced under ambient conditions and at a low cost from biomass residues. Innovative approaches are continuously being applied to overcome the low process yields and pave the way for its scalability. Since the process primarily depends on the biohydrogen-producing bacteria, there is a need to acquire in-depth knowledge about the ecology of the various assemblages participating in the process, establishing effective bioaugmentation methods. This work provides an overview of the biofilm-forming communities during H2 production by mixed cultures and the synergistic associations established by certain species during H2 production. The strategies that enhance the growth of biofilms within the H2 reactors are also discussed. A short section is also included, explaining techniques used for examining and studying these biofilm structures. The work concludes with some suggestions that could lead to breakthroughs in this area of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick T. Sekoai
- Biorefinery Industry Development Facility, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Durban 4041, South Africa
| | - Viren Chunilall
- Biorefinery Industry Development Facility, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Durban 4041, South Africa
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4041, South Africa
| | - Bruce Sithole
- Biorefinery Industry Development Facility, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Durban 4041, South Africa
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4041, South Africa
| | - Olivier Habimana
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Guangdong Technion-Israel Institute of Technology (GTIIT), Shantou 515063, China
| | - Sizwe Ndlovu
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Faculty of Science, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg 2092, South Africa
| | - Obinna T. Ezeokoli
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - Pooja Sharma
- Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, 1 Create Way, Singapore 138602, Singapore
| | - Kelvin O. Yoro
- Energy Technologies, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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15
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De Bernardini N, Basile A, Zampieri G, Kovalovszki A, De Diego Diaz B, Offer E, Wongfaed N, Angelidaki I, Kougias PG, Campanaro S, Treu L. Integrating metagenomic binning with flux balance analysis to unravel syntrophies in anaerobic CO 2 methanation. MICROBIOME 2022; 10:117. [PMID: 35918706 PMCID: PMC9347119 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-022-01311-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Carbon fixation through biological methanation has emerged as a promising technology to produce renewable energy in the context of the circular economy. The anaerobic digestion microbiome is the fundamental biological system operating biogas upgrading and is paramount in power-to-gas conversion. Carbon dioxide (CO2) methanation is frequently performed by microbiota attached to solid supports generating biofilms. Despite the apparent simplicity of the microbial community involved in biogas upgrading, the dynamics behind most of the interspecies interaction remain obscure. To understand the role of the microbial species in CO2 fixation, the biofilm generated during the biogas upgrading process has been selected as a case study. The present work investigates via genome-centric metagenomics, based on a hybrid Nanopore-Illumina approach the biofilm developed on the diffusion devices of four ex situ biogas upgrading reactors. Moreover, genome-guided metabolic reconstruction and flux balance analysis were used to propose a biological role for the dominant microbes. RESULTS The combined microbiome was composed of 59 species, with five being dominant (> 70% of total abundance); the metagenome-assembled genomes representing these species were refined to reach a high level of completeness. Genome-guided metabolic analysis appointed Firmicutes sp. GSMM966 as the main responsible for biofilm formation. Additionally, species interactions were investigated considering their co-occurrence in 134 samples, and in terms of metabolic exchanges through flux balance simulation in a simplified medium. Some of the most abundant species (e.g., Limnochordia sp. GSMM975) were widespread (~ 67% of tested experiments), while others (e.g., Methanothermobacter wolfeii GSMM957) had a scattered distribution. Genome-scale metabolic models of the microbial community were built with boundary conditions taken from the biochemical data and showed the presence of a flexible interaction network mainly based on hydrogen and carbon dioxide uptake and formate exchange. CONCLUSIONS Our work investigated the interplay between five dominant species within the biofilm and showed their importance in a large spectrum of anaerobic biogas reactor samples. Flux balance analysis provided a deeper insight into the potential syntrophic interaction between species, especially Limnochordia sp. GSMM975 and Methanothermobacter wolfeii GSMM957. Finally, it suggested species interactions to be based on formate and amino acids exchanges. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola De Bernardini
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via U. Bassi 58/b, 35121, Padua, Italy
| | - Arianna Basile
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via U. Bassi 58/b, 35121, Padua, Italy
| | - Guido Zampieri
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via U. Bassi 58/b, 35121, Padua, Italy
| | - Adam Kovalovszki
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, 2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | | | - Elisabetta Offer
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via U. Bassi 58/b, 35121, Padua, Italy
| | - Nantharat Wongfaed
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Technology, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Irini Angelidaki
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs, DK-2800, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Panagiotis G Kougias
- Hellenic Agricultural Organization DEMETER, Soil and Water Resources Institute, Thermi, Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Stefano Campanaro
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via U. Bassi 58/b, 35121, Padua, Italy.
- CRIBI Biotechnology Center, University of Padova, 35131, Padova, Italy.
| | - Laura Treu
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via U. Bassi 58/b, 35121, Padua, Italy
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16
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Yuan S, Guo S, Huang X, Meng F. Time-lagged interspecies interactions prevail during biofilm development in moving bed biofilm reactor. Biotechnol Bioeng 2022; 119:2770-2783. [PMID: 35837838 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Clarifying the essential succession dynamics of interspecies interactions during biofilm development is crucial for the regulation and application of biofilm-based processes. In this study, regular and time-series phylogenetic molecular ecological networks (pMENs) were constructed to investigate ordinary and time-lagged interspecies interactions during biofilm development in a moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR). Positive interactions dominated both regular (89.78%) and time-series (77.04%) ecological networks, suggesting that extensive cooperative behaviors facilitated biofilm development. The pronounced directional interactions (72.52%) in the time-series network further indicated that time-lagged interspecies interactions prevailed in the biofilm development process. Specifically, the proportion of directional negative interactions was higher than that of positive interactions, implying that interspecific competition preferred to be time-lagged. The time-series network revealed that module hubs exhibited extensive time-lagged positive interactions with their neighbors, and most of them exhibited altruistic behaviors. Keystone species possessing more positive interactions were positively correlated with biofilm biomass, NO3 - -N concentrations, and the removal efficiencies of NH4 + -N and COD. However, keystone species and peripherals that were negatively targeted by their neighbors showed positive correlations with the concentrations of NO2 - -N, polysaccharides, and proteins in the soluble microbial products. The data highlight that the time-series network can provide directional microbial interactions along with the biofilm development process, which would help to predict the tendency of community shifts and propose efficient strategies for the regulation of biofilm-based processes. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shasha Yuan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, PR China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, (Sun Yat-sen University), Guangzhou, 510275, PR China
| | - Sixian Guo
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, PR China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, (Sun Yat-sen University), Guangzhou, 510275, PR China
| | - Xihao Huang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, PR China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, (Sun Yat-sen University), Guangzhou, 510275, PR China
| | - Fangang Meng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, PR China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, (Sun Yat-sen University), Guangzhou, 510275, PR China
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17
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Niboucha N, Goetz C, Sanschagrin L, Fontenille J, Fliss I, Labrie S, Jean J. Comparative Study of Different Sampling Methods of Biofilm Formed on Stainless-Steel Surfaces in a CDC Biofilm Reactor. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:892181. [PMID: 35770177 PMCID: PMC9234490 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.892181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The formation of biofilms in dairy processing plants can reduce equipment efficiency, contribute to surface deterioration, and contaminate dairy products by releasing the microorganisms they contain, which may cause spoilage or disease. However, a more representative identification of microbial communities and physico-chemical characterization requires to detach and recover adequately the entire biofilm from the surface. The aim of this study is to develop an efficient technique for in-plant biofilm sampling by growing a strain of Pseudomonas azotoformans PFl1A on stainless-steel surface in a dynamic CDC biofilm reactor system using tryptic soy broth (TSB) and milk as growth media. Different techniques, namely, swabbing, scraping, sonic brushing, synthetic sponge, and sonicating synthetic sponge were used and the results were compared to a standard ASTM International method using ultrasonication. Their efficiencies were evaluated by cells enumeration and scanning electron microscopy. The maximum total viable counts of 8.65 ± 0.06, 8.75 ± 0.08, and 8.71 ± 0.09 log CFU/cm2 were obtained in TSB medium using scraping, synthetic sponge, and sonicating synthetic sponge, respectively, which showed no statistically significant differences with the standard method, ultrasonication (8.74 ± 0.02 log CFU/cm2). However, a significantly (p < 0.05) lower cell recovery of 8.57 ± 0.10 and 8.60 ± 0.00 log CFU/cm2 compared to ultrasonication were achieved for swabbing and sonic brushing, respectively. Furthermore, scanning electron microscopy showed an effective removal of biofilms by sonic brushing, synthetic sponge, and sonicating synthetic sponge; However, only the latter two methods guaranteed a superior release of bacterial biofilm into suspension. Nevertheless, a combination of sonication and synthetic sponge ensured dislodging of sessile cells from surface crevices. The results suggest that a sonicating synthetic sponge could be a promising method for biofilm recovery in processing plants, which can be practically used in the dairy industries as an alternative to ultrasonication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nissa Niboucha
- Département des Sciences des Aliments, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Institut sur la Nutrition et les Aliments Fonctionnels (INAF), Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Coralie Goetz
- Département des Sciences des Aliments, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Institut sur la Nutrition et les Aliments Fonctionnels (INAF), Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Laurie Sanschagrin
- Département des Sciences des Aliments, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Institut sur la Nutrition et les Aliments Fonctionnels (INAF), Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Juliette Fontenille
- Département des Sciences des Aliments, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Institut sur la Nutrition et les Aliments Fonctionnels (INAF), Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Ismaïl Fliss
- Département des Sciences des Aliments, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Institut sur la Nutrition et les Aliments Fonctionnels (INAF), Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Steve Labrie
- Département des Sciences des Aliments, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Institut sur la Nutrition et les Aliments Fonctionnels (INAF), Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Julie Jean
- Département des Sciences des Aliments, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Institut sur la Nutrition et les Aliments Fonctionnels (INAF), Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- *Correspondence: Julie Jean,
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18
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OUIDIR T, GABRIEL B, CHABANE YNAIT. Overview of multi-species biofilms in different ecosystems: wastewater treatment, soil and oral cavity. J Biotechnol 2022; 350:67-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2022.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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19
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Cayetano RDA, Kim GB, Park J, Yang YH, Jeon BH, Jang M, Kim SH. Biofilm formation as a method of improved treatment during anaerobic digestion of organic matter for biogas recovery. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 344:126309. [PMID: 34798247 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The efficiency of anaerobic digestion could be increased by promoting microbial retention through biofilm development. The inclusion of certain types of biofilm carriers has differentiated existing AD biofilm reactors through their respective mode of biofilm growth. Bacteria and archaea engaged in methanogenesis during anaerobic processes potentially build biofilms by adhering or attaching to biofilm carriers. Meta-analyzed results depicted varying degrees of biogas enhancement within AD biofilm reactors. Furthermore, different carrier materials highly induced the dynamicity of the dominant microbial population in each system. It is suggested that the promotion of surface contact and improvement of interspecies electron transport have greatly impacted the treatment results. Modern spectroscopy techniques have been and will continue to give essential information regarding biofilm's composition and structural organization which can be useful in elucidating the added function of this special layer of microbial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roent Dune A Cayetano
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi-Beom Kim
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungsu Park
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Yung-Hun Yang
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Byong-Hun Jeon
- Department of Earth Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Jang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Hyoun Kim
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea.
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20
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He H, Wagner BM, Carlson AL, Yang C, Daigger GT. Recent progress using membrane aerated biofilm reactors for wastewater treatment. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2021; 84:2131-2157. [PMID: 34810302 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2021.443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The membrane biofilm reactor (MBfR), which is based on the counter diffusion of the electron donors and acceptors into the biofilm, represents a novel technology for wastewater treatment. When process air or oxygen is supplied, the MBfR is known as the membrane aerated biofilm reactor (MABR), which has high oxygen transfer rate and efficiency, promoting microbial growth and activity within the biofilm. Over the past few decades, laboratory-scale studies have helped researchers and practitioners understand the relevance of influencing factors and biological transformations in MABRs. In recent years, pilot- to full-scale installations are increasing along with process modeling. The resulting accumulated knowledge has greatly improved understanding of the counter-diffusional biological process, with new challenges and opportunities arising. Therefore, it is crucial to provide new insights by conducting this review. This paper reviews wastewater treatment advancements using MABR technology, including design and operational considerations, microbial community ecology, and process modeling. Treatment performance of pilot- to full-scale MABRs for process intensification in existing facilities is assessed. This paper also reviews other emerging applications of MABRs, including sulfur recovery, industrial wastewater, and xenobiotics bioremediation, space-based wastewater treatment, and autotrophic nitrogen removal. In conclusion, commercial applications demonstrate that MABR technology is beneficial for pollutants (COD, N, P, xenobiotics) removal, resource recovery (e.g., sulfur), and N2O mitigation. Further research is needed to increase packing density while retaining efficient external mass transfer, understand the microbial interactions occurring, address existing assumptions to improve process modeling and control, and optimize the operational conditions with site-specific considerations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanqi He
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Michigan, 177 EWRE Building, 1351 Beal Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA E-mail:
| | - Brett M Wagner
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Michigan, 177 EWRE Building, 1351 Beal Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA E-mail:
| | - Avery L Carlson
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Michigan, 177 EWRE Building, 1351 Beal Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA E-mail:
| | - Cheng Yang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Michigan, 177 EWRE Building, 1351 Beal Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA E-mail:
| | - Glen T Daigger
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Michigan, 177 EWRE Building, 1351 Beal Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA E-mail:
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21
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Li J, Hao X, Gan W, van Loosdrecht MCM, Wu Y. Recovery of extracellular biopolymers from conventional activated sludge: Potential, characteristics and limitation. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 205:117706. [PMID: 34600231 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) are biopolymers that can be recovered from excess sludge, which could contribute to a more sustainable wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) operation. An example is alginate like extracellular polymers (ALE) contained in the biopolymers could be a potential resource with a highly-added value. EPS extraction for ALE from aerobic granules sludge (AGS) has already been well studied and applied in the Netherlands. On the other hand, there is little attention to the recovery of biopolymers from conventional activated sludge (CAS). In this study, flocculent sludge from eight CAS-WWTPs in China was collected and their EPS/biopolymers were extracted to investigate their recovery potential, chemical & physical properties and limiting factors. The results revealed that the biopolymers extracted and purified from CAS ranged from 90 to 190 mg/g VSS. The compositional characteristics of the biopolymers were observed by FT-IR, 3D-EEM and UV-Visible spectra, demonstrating some differences in the composition and property of the biopolymers from the different WWTPs. The biopolymers had a similarity of about 60% to a commercial alginate with respect to chemical functional groups and the alginate equivalent was >400 mg/g biopolymers. Moreover, the biopolymers consisted of poly (guluronic acid) blocks (20%-30%) and poly (guluronic acid-mannuronic acid) blocks (8%-28%), and the ionic hydrogel formation tests indicated that condensed beads were immediately formed once the drops of the biopolymers came in contact with CaCl2 solution. These results demonstrated that the biopolymers extracted had a relatively high gel-forming capacity and might also have a potential application as commercial biopolymers. Furthermore, the factors influencing the biopolymers' formation such as influent substrate, nutrient content and microbial community and the related mechanisms were investigated. Among them, increasing soluble organics (SCOD) content and low nutrient content (C/N/P) in the influent could promote the biopolymers' formation. Also, different bacteria in BNR processes might have positive or negative effects on the biopolymers' formation. In conclusion, the diversity and abundance of bacteria were identified to be a crucial and decisive factor controlling biopolymers' extraction and composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Li
- Sino-Dutch R&D Centre for Future Wastewater Treatment Technologies/Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre of Future Urban Design, Beijing University of Civil Engineering & Architecture, Beijing 100044, PR China
| | - Xiaodi Hao
- Sino-Dutch R&D Centre for Future Wastewater Treatment Technologies/Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre of Future Urban Design, Beijing University of Civil Engineering & Architecture, Beijing 100044, PR China
| | - Wei Gan
- Sino-Dutch R&D Centre for Future Wastewater Treatment Technologies/Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre of Future Urban Design, Beijing University of Civil Engineering & Architecture, Beijing 100044, PR China
| | - Mark C M van Loosdrecht
- Sino-Dutch R&D Centre for Future Wastewater Treatment Technologies/Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre of Future Urban Design, Beijing University of Civil Engineering & Architecture, Beijing 100044, PR China; Dept. of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Yuanyuan Wu
- Sino-Dutch R&D Centre for Future Wastewater Treatment Technologies/Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre of Future Urban Design, Beijing University of Civil Engineering & Architecture, Beijing 100044, PR China
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22
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Mevo SIU, Ashrafudoulla M, Furkanur Rahaman Mizan M, Park SH, Ha SD. Promising strategies to control persistent enemies: Some new technologies to combat biofilm in the food industry-A review. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2021; 20:5938-5964. [PMID: 34626152 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Biofilm is an advanced form of protection that allows bacterial cells to withstand adverse environmental conditions. The complex structure of biofilm results from genetic-related mechanisms besides other factors such as bacterial morphology or substratum properties. Inhibition of biofilm formation of harmful bacteria (spoilage and pathogenic bacteria) is a critical task in the food industry because of the enhanced resistance of biofilm bacteria to stress, such as cleaning and disinfection methods traditionally used in food processing plants, and the increased food safety risks threatening consumer health caused by recurrent contamination and rapid deterioration of food by biofilm cells. Therefore, it is urgent to find methods and strategies for effectively combating bacterial biofilm formation and eradicating mature biofilms. Innovative and promising approaches to control bacteria and their biofilms are emerging. These new approaches range from methods based on natural ingredients to the use of nanoparticles. This literature review aims to describe the efficacy of these strategies and provide an overview of recent promising biofilm control technologies in the food processing sector.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Md Ashrafudoulla
- Food Science and Technology Department, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Si Hong Park
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - Sang-Do Ha
- Food Science and Technology Department, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Republic of Korea
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23
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Yuan S, Xu R, Wang D, Lin Q, Zhou S, Lin J, Xia L, Fu Y, Gan Z, Meng F. Ecological Linkages between a Biofilm Ecosystem and Reactor Performance: The Specificity of Biofilm Development Phases. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:11948-11960. [PMID: 34415760 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c02486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
In biofilm-based engineered ecosystems, the reactor performance was closely linked to interspecies interactions within a biofilm ecosystem, whereas the ecological processes underpinning such linkage were still unenlightened. Herein, the principles of community succession and assembly were integrated to capture the ecological laws of biofilm development by molecular ecological networks and assembly model analysis based on the 16S rRNA sequencing analysis and metagenomics in a well-controlled moving bed biofilm reactor. At the initial colonization phase (days 0-2, driven by initial colonizers), interspecific cooperation (74.18%) facilitated initial biofilm formation, whereas some pioneers, and keystone species disappeared at later phases. At the accumulation phase (days 3-30, rapid biofilm development), interspecific cooperation (81.41 ± 5.07%) contributed to rapid biofilm development and keystone species were mainly involved in quorum sensing or positively correlated with extracellular polymeric substance production. At the maturation phase (days 31-106, a well-adapted quasi-equilibrium state), increased interspecific competition (32.74 ± 4.77%) and higher small-world property facilitated the rapid information transportation and pollutant treatment, and keystone species were positively correlated with the removal of COD and NH4+-N. Homogenizing dispersal diminished the contemporary community dissimilarities, while turnover but rather nestedness governed the temporal variations in the biofilm succession period. This study highlighted the specificity of ecological processes at distinct biofilm development phases, which would advance our understanding on the development-to-function linkages in biofilm-based treatment processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shasha Yuan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology (Sun Yat-sen University), Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Changsha, Hunan 410125, P. R. China
| | - Ronghua Xu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology (Sun Yat-sen University), Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Changsha, Hunan 410125, P. R. China
| | - Depeng Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology (Sun Yat-sen University), Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Changsha, Hunan 410125, P. R. China
| | - Qining Lin
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology (Sun Yat-sen University), Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Changsha, Hunan 410125, P. R. China
| | - Shunyi Zhou
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology (Sun Yat-sen University), Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Changsha, Hunan 410125, P. R. China
| | - Jieying Lin
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology (Sun Yat-sen University), Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Changsha, Hunan 410125, P. R. China
| | - Lichao Xia
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology (Sun Yat-sen University), Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Changsha, Hunan 410125, P. R. China
| | - Yue Fu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology (Sun Yat-sen University), Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Changsha, Hunan 410125, P. R. China
| | - Zhihao Gan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology (Sun Yat-sen University), Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Changsha, Hunan 410125, P. R. China
| | - Fangang Meng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology (Sun Yat-sen University), Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Changsha, Hunan 410125, P. R. China
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24
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The Role of Microbial Biofilm in Removing Ammonia in Floating Treatment Wetlands. EKOLÓGIA (BRATISLAVA) 2021. [DOI: 10.2478/eko-2021-0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Laboratory experiments were conducted under controlled conditions to quantify the potential of microbial transformation associated with floating matrix of floating treatment wetland (FTW) in ammonia removal and nitrification kinetics. The effect of different design parameters on ammonia removal from synthetic medium was investigated to optimize system performance. Effects of surface area of mat material, range of ammonia concentrations, and aeration on ammonia removal kinetics were studied using microcosm systems. A simple dynamics model of mineral nitrogen transformation was used as a framework for interpreting the experimental results. The results revealed that ammonia removal was enhanced in FTWs, and the magnitude of removal was controlled by the design factors examined. Removal by nitrification was directly proportional to mat surface area. The higher ammonia removal efficiency was caused by a larger surface area, which could support the growth of more microbes. Removal rate constants for treatments were 0.011, 0.015, 0.026, 0.035, and 0.033 day–1 for T1, T2, T3, T4, and T5, respectively. There was also a clear inhibitory effect of NH3 on second-stage nitrification manifested as low production of NO3–. Quantitative index of optimized knit/calibrated knit indicated high inhibition effects of NH3 at high concentration of total ammonia (60 mg N L–1). There was no major effect of oxygen saturation on NHx removal using aerated and nonaerated conditions. Better mechanistic understanding of the fundamental processes operating in FTWs should provide the basis for improving FTW design and efficacy.
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25
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Parades-Aguilar J, Reyes-Martínez V, Bustamante G, Almendáriz-Tapia FJ, Martínez-Meza G, Vílchez-Vargas R, Link A, Certucha-Barragán MT, Calderón K. Removal of nickel(II) from wastewater using a zeolite-packed anaerobic bioreactor: Bacterial diversity and community structure shifts. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 279:111558. [PMID: 33221046 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, overexploited industrialization and urbanization activities have led to significant amounts of heavy metals released into the environment. Metal ion contamination of water, especially with toxic metals such as nickel(II) [Ni(II)], which is extensively applied in the electroplating industry, has been a serious problem. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the Ni(II) removal from real industrial wastewater using a 2 L, lab-scale, up-flow, anaerobic, zeolite-packed bioreactor inoculated with a heterotrophic consortium as the bioadsorbent. High-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA genes revealed significant shifts in their bacterial diversity and structural composition along the bioreactor treatment location, where the bacterial genus was dominated by Kosmotogae followed by Firmicutes as Ruminococcus and Clostridium. However, Fervidobacterium and the Geobacter genus were absent at the end of the bioreactor treatment, suggesting that they play a key role in the beginning of Ni(II) removal anaerobic treatment. The physico-chemical results revealed that the Ni(II) removal rate was 99% for 250-500 ppm metal tested, with an efficient alkalinity rate and high production of biogas, which confirmed that anaerobic digestion of microorganisms was successfully performed through the process. Finally, this anaerobic bioreactor configuration offers an accessible and ecofriendly high-rate metal removal strategy from mining and electroplating effluents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Parades-Aguilar
- Departamento de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas, Universidad de Sonora, Blvd. Luis Donaldo Colosio S/N. CP., 83000, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico
| | - Viviana Reyes-Martínez
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Metalurgia, Universidad de Sonora, Blvd. Luis Donaldo Colosio S/N. CP., 83000, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico
| | - Guadalupe Bustamante
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Metalurgia, Universidad de Sonora, Blvd. Luis Donaldo Colosio S/N. CP., 83000, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico
| | - Francisco J Almendáriz-Tapia
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Metalurgia, Universidad de Sonora, Blvd. Luis Donaldo Colosio S/N. CP., 83000, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico
| | - Guadalupe Martínez-Meza
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Metalurgia, Universidad de Sonora, Blvd. Luis Donaldo Colosio S/N. CP., 83000, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico
| | - Ramiro Vílchez-Vargas
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Otto-von-Guericke-University of Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Link
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Otto-von-Guericke-University of Magdeburg, Germany
| | - María T Certucha-Barragán
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Metalurgia, Universidad de Sonora, Blvd. Luis Donaldo Colosio S/N. CP., 83000, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico
| | - Kadiya Calderón
- Departamento de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas, Universidad de Sonora, Blvd. Luis Donaldo Colosio S/N. CP., 83000, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico.
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26
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Influence of the flow velocity on membrane-aerated biofilm reactors: Application of a rotating disk for local flow control. Biochem Eng J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2020.107771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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27
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Zea L, McLean RJ, Rook TA, Angle G, Carter DL, Delegard A, Denvir A, Gerlach R, Gorti S, McIlwaine D, Nur M, Peyton BM, Stewart PS, Sturman P, Velez Justiniano YA. Potential biofilm control strategies for extended spaceflight missions. Biofilm 2020; 2:100026. [PMID: 33447811 PMCID: PMC7798464 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioflm.2020.100026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Biofilms, surface-adherent microbial communities, are associated with microbial fouling and corrosion in terrestrial water-distribution systems. Biofilms are also present in human spaceflight, particularly in the Water Recovery System (WRS) on the International Space Station (ISS). The WRS is comprised of the Urine Processor Assembly (UPA) and the Water Processor Assembly (WPA) which together recycles wastewater from human urine and recovered humidity from the ISS atmosphere. These wastewaters and various process streams are continually inoculated with microorganisms primarily arising from the space crew microbiome. Biofilm-related fouling has been encountered and addressed in spacecraft in low Earth orbit, including ISS and the Russian Mir Space Station. However, planned future missions beyond low Earth orbit to the Moon and Mars present additional challenges, as resupplying spare parts or support materials would be impractical and the mission timeline would be in the order of years in the case of a mission to Mars. In addition, future missions are expected to include a period of dormancy in which the WRS would be unused for an extended duration. The concepts developed in this review arose from a workshop including NASA personnel and representatives with biofilm expertise from a wide range of industrial and academic backgrounds. Here, we address current strategies that are employed on Earth for biofilm control, including antifouling coatings and biocides and mechanisms for mitigating biofilm growth and damage. These ideas are presented in the context of their applicability to spaceflight and identify proposed new topics of biofilm control that need to be addressed in order to facilitate future extended, crewed, spaceflight missions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Zea
- BioServe Space Technologies, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Robin Gerlach
- Center for Biofilm Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA
| | - Sridhar Gorti
- NASA Marshall Spaceflight Center, Huntsville, AL, USA
| | | | - Mononita Nur
- NASA Marshall Spaceflight Center, Huntsville, AL, USA
| | - Brent M. Peyton
- Center for Biofilm Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA
| | - Philip S. Stewart
- Center for Biofilm Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA
| | - Paul Sturman
- Center for Biofilm Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA
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28
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Biofilm reactors for value-added products production: An in-depth review. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2020.101662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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29
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Schambeck CM, Magnus BS, de Souza LCR, Leite WRM, Derlon N, Guimarães LB, da Costa RHR. Biopolymers recovery: dynamics and characterization of alginate-like exopolymers in an aerobic granular sludge system treating municipal wastewater without sludge inoculum. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2020; 263:110394. [PMID: 32174534 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Alginate-like exopolymers (ALE) are present in the extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) of biological sludge such as aerobic granular sludge (AGS). The recovery of ALE from excess sludge produced by wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) is a relevant approach for the recovery of valuable products of industrial interest. However, little is known about dynamics of ALE content in sludge and associated factors. Thus, this study aimed at assessing the dynamics of EPS and ALE in terms of content, some chemical properties and influencing environmental factors along granulation in a sequencing batch reactor treating municipal wastewater. Results indicated that the EPS content was not correlated with the development of AGS, while the ALE content was higher, more stable and steadily increased after granulation achievement. Overall, 236 ± 27 mg VSALE/g VSsludge was recovered from AGS and 187 ± 94 mg VSALE/g VSsludge from flocs. However, the lower ALE content in flocs may be compensated by the higher sludge production rate in activated sludge systems. Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that ALE content positively correlates with the nutrient and organic substrate conversion, and with the fraction of large AGS. Microbial analyses indicated that a stable microbial community composition was associated with a higher and more stable ALE content. ALE recovered from both flocs and AGS was endowed with hydrogel property, and no clear difference in their elemental composition and functional groups was observed. Therefore, our study provides insights about quantitative and qualitative aspects of ALE which are helpful for the improvement of waste biological sludge valorization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cássio Moraes Schambeck
- Federal University of Santa Catarina, Trindade University Campus, Sanitary and Environmental Engineering Department, Florianópolis, Brazil.
| | - Bruna Scandolara Magnus
- Federal University of Santa Catarina, Trindade University Campus, Sanitary and Environmental Engineering Department, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Laís Cristina Rozone de Souza
- Federal University of Santa Catarina, Trindade University Campus, Sanitary and Environmental Engineering Department, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Wanderli Rogério Moreira Leite
- Federal University of Pernambuco, Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, Laboratory of Environmental Sanitation, Recife, Brazil
| | - Nicolas Derlon
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Lorena Bittencourt Guimarães
- Federal University of Santa Catarina, Trindade University Campus, Sanitary and Environmental Engineering Department, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Rejane Helena Ribeiro da Costa
- Federal University of Santa Catarina, Trindade University Campus, Sanitary and Environmental Engineering Department, Florianópolis, Brazil
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30
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Angell IL, Bergaust L, Hanssen JF, Aasen EM, Rudi K. Ecological Processes Affecting Long-Term Eukaryote and Prokaryote Biofilm Persistence in Nitrogen Removal from Sewage. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11040449. [PMID: 32326022 PMCID: PMC7230490 DOI: 10.3390/genes11040449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The factors affecting long-term biofilm stability in sewage treatment remain largely unexplored. We therefore analyzed moving bed bioreactors (MBBRs) biofilm composition and function two years apart from four reactors in a nitrogen-removal sewage treatment plant. Multivariate ANOVA revealed a similar prokaryote microbiota composition on biofilm carriers from the same reactors, where reactor explained 84.6% of the variance, and year only explained 1.5%. Eukaryotes showed a less similar composition with reactor explaining 56.8% of the variance and year 9.4%. Downstream effects were also more pronounced for eukaryotes than prokaryotes. For prokaryotes, carbon source emerged as a potential factor for deterministic assembly. In the two reactors with methanol as a carbon source, the bacterial genus Methylotenera dominated, with M. versatilis as the most abundant species. M. versatilis showed large lineage diversity. The lineages mainly differed with respect to potential terminal electron acceptor usage (nitrogen oxides and oxygen). Searches in the Sequence Read Archive (SRA) database indicate a global distribution of the M. versatilis strains, with methane-containing sediments as the main habitat. Taken together, our results support long-term prokaryote biofilm persistence, while eukaryotes were less persistent.
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31
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Mahamuni-Badiger PP, Patil PM, Badiger MV, Patel PR, Thorat- Gadgil BS, Pandit A, Bohara RA. Biofilm formation to inhibition: Role of zinc oxide-based nanoparticles. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 108:110319. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.110319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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32
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Xu R, Zhang S, Meng F. Large-sized planktonic bioaggregates possess high biofilm formation potentials: Bacterial succession and assembly in the biofilm metacommunity. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 170:115307. [PMID: 31786395 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.115307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Wanted and unwanted surface-attached growth of bacteria is ubiquitous in natural and engineered settings. Normally, attachment of planktonic cells to media surfaces initiates biofilm formation and fundamentally regulates biofilm assembly processes. Here, culturing biofilm with planktonic sludge as source community, we found distinct succession profiles of biofilm communities sourced from the size-fractionated sludge flocs (<25; 25-120; >120 μm). Null model analyses revealed that deterministic process dominated in biofilm community assemblies but decreased with decreasing floc size. Additionally, the relative importance of environmental selection increased with increasing floc size of the source sludge, whereas homogenizing dispersal and ecological drift followed opposite trends. Phylogenetic molecular ecological networks (pMENs) indicated that species interactions were intensive in biofilm microbiota developed from large-sized flocs (>120 μm), as evidenced by the low modularity and harmonic geodesic distance and the high average degree. Intriguingly, the keystone taxa in these biofilm ecological networks were controlled by distinct interaction patterns but all showed strong habitat characteristics (e.g., facultative anaerobic, motile, hydrophobic and involved in extracellular polymeric substance metabolism), corroborating the crucial roles of environmental filtering in structuring biofilm community. Taken together, our findings highlight the role of planktonic floc properties in biofilm community assembly and advance our understanding of microbial ecology in biofilm-based systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronghua Xu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology (Sun Yat-sen University), Guangzhou, 510275, PR China
| | - Shaoqing Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology (Sun Yat-sen University), Guangzhou, 510275, PR China
| | - Fangang Meng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology (Sun Yat-sen University), Guangzhou, 510275, PR China.
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33
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Rinaldo S, Giardina G, Mantoni F, Paone A, Cutruzzolà F. Beyond nitrogen metabolism: nitric oxide, cyclic-di-GMP and bacterial biofilms. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2019; 365:4834012. [PMID: 29401255 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fny029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The nitrogen cycle pathways are responsible for the circulation of inorganic and organic N-containing molecules in nature. Among these pathways, those involving amino acids, N-oxides and in particular nitric oxide (NO) play strategic roles in the metabolism of microorganisms in natural environments and in host-pathogen interactions. Beyond their role in the N-cycle, amino acids and NO are also signalling molecules able to influence group behaviour in microorganisms and cell-cell communication in multicellular organisms, including humans. In this minireview, we summarise the role of these compounds in the homeostasis of the bacterial communities called biofilms, commonly found in environmental, industrial and medical settings. Biofilms are difficult to eradicate since they are highly resistant to antimicrobials and to the host immune system. We highlight the effect of amino acids such as glutamate, glutamine and arginine and of NO on the signalling pathways involved in the metabolism of 3',5'-cyclic diguanylic acid (c-di-GMP), a master regulator of motility, attachment and group behaviour in bacteria. The study of the metabolic routes involving these N-containing compounds represents an attractive topic to identify targets for biofilm control in both natural and medical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Rinaldo
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Giorgio Giardina
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Federico Mantoni
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessio Paone
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Cutruzzolà
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
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Alfa MJ. Biofilms on instruments and environmental surfaces: Do they interfere with instrument reprocessing and surface disinfection? Review of the literature. Am J Infect Control 2019; 47S:A39-A45. [PMID: 31146849 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajic.2019.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
There is a growing appreciation for the role of biofilm-embedded microbes in many different aspects of infection transmission. The format of biofilm includes traditional hydrated biofilm, build-up biofilm, and dry surface biofilm. The objectives of this article are to discuss how traditional biofilm differs from build-up biofilm and dry surface biofilm, and to review the evidence supporting infection transmission from biofilm that accumulates in reprocessed instruments and from dry biofilm that forms environmental reservoirs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle J Alfa
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
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35
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Liébana R, Modin O, Persson F, Szabó E, Hermansson M, Wilén BM. Combined Deterministic and Stochastic Processes Control Microbial Succession in Replicate Granular Biofilm Reactors. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:4912-4921. [PMID: 30969774 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b06669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Granular sludge is an efficient and compact biofilm process for wastewater treatment. However, the ecological factors involved in microbial community assembly during the granular biofilm formation are poorly understood, and little is known about the reproducibility of the process. Here, three replicate bioreactors were used to investigate microbial succession during the formation of granular biofilms. We identified three successional phases. During the initial phase, the successional turnover was high and α-diversity decreased as a result of the selection of taxa adapted to grow on acetate and form aggregates. Despite these dynamic changes, the microbial communities in the replicate reactors were similar. The second successional phase occurred when the settling time was rapidly decreased to selectively retain granules in the reactors. The influence of stochasticity on succession increased and new niches were created as granules emerged, resulting in temporarily increased α-diversity. The third successional phase occurred when the settling time was kept stable and granules dominated the biomass. Turnover was low, and selection resulted in the same abundant taxa in the reactors, but drift, which mostly affected low-abundant community members, caused the community in one reactor to diverge from the other two. Even so, performance was stable and similar between reactors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Liébana
- Division of Water Environment Technology, Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering , Chalmers University of Technology , SE-412 96 Gothenburg , Sweden
| | - Oskar Modin
- Division of Water Environment Technology, Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering , Chalmers University of Technology , SE-412 96 Gothenburg , Sweden
| | - Frank Persson
- Division of Water Environment Technology, Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering , Chalmers University of Technology , SE-412 96 Gothenburg , Sweden
| | - Enikö Szabó
- Division of Water Environment Technology, Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering , Chalmers University of Technology , SE-412 96 Gothenburg , Sweden
| | - Malte Hermansson
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology , University of Gothenburg , SE405 30 Gothenburg , Sweden
| | - Britt-Marie Wilén
- Division of Water Environment Technology, Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering , Chalmers University of Technology , SE-412 96 Gothenburg , Sweden
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36
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Role of hydrogen (H 2) mass transfer in microbiological H 2-threshold studies. Biodegradation 2019; 30:113-125. [PMID: 30788623 DOI: 10.1007/s10532-019-09870-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Gas-to-liquid mass transfer of hydrogen (H2) was investigated in a gas-liquid reactor with a continuous gas phase, a batch liquid phase, and liquid mixing regimes relevant to assessing kinetics of microbial H2 consumption. H2 transfer was quantified in real-time with a H2 microsensor for no mixing, moderate mixing [100 rotations per minute (rpm)], and rapid mixing (200 rpm). The experimental results were simulated by mathematical models to find best-fit values of volumetric mass transfer coefficients-kLa-for H2, which were 1.6/day for no mixing, 7/day for 100 rpm, and 30/day for 200 rpm. Microbiological H2-consumption experiments were conducted with Methanobacterium bryantii M.o.H. to assess effects of H2 mass transfer on microbiological H2-threshold studies. The results illustrate that slow mixing reduced the gas-to-liquid H2 transfer rate, which fell behind the rate of microbiological H2 consumption in the liquid phase. As a result, the liquid-phase H2 concentration remained much lower than the liquid-phase H2 concentration that would be in equilibrium with the gas-phase H2 concentration. Direct measurements of the liquid-phase H2 concentration by an in situ probe demonstrated the problems associated with slow H2 transfer in past H2 threshold studies. The findings indicate that some of the previously reported H2-thresholds most likely were over-estimates due to slow gas-to-liquid H2 transfer. Essential requirements to conduct microbiological H2 threshold experiments are to have vigorous mixing, large gas-to-liquid volume, large interfacial area, and low initial biomass concentration.
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37
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Landa-Marbán D, Liu N, Pop IS, Kumar K, Pettersson P, Bødtker G, Skauge T, Radu FA. A Pore-Scale Model for Permeable Biofilm: Numerical Simulations and Laboratory Experiments. Transp Porous Media 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11242-018-1218-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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38
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Abtahi SM, Petermann M, Juppeau Flambard A, Beaufort S, Terrisse F, Trotouin T, Joannis Cassan C, Albasi C. Micropollutants removal in tertiary moving bed biofilm reactors (MBBRs): Contribution of the biofilm and suspended biomass. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 643:1464-1480. [PMID: 30189563 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.06.303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Revised: 06/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The performance of tertiary moving bed biofilm reactors (MBBRs) was evaluated in terms of micropollutants (MPs) removal from secondary-treated municipal wastewater. After stepwise establishment of a mature biofilm, monitored by scanning electron and confocal microscopies, abiotic and biotic removals of MPs were deeply studied. Since no MPs reduction was observed by the both photodegradation and volatilization, abiotic removal of MPs was ascribed to the sorption onto the biomass. Target MPs i.e. Naproxen, Diclofenac, 17β-Estradiol and 4n-Nonylphenol, arranged in the ascending order of hydrophobicity, abiotically declined up to 2.8%, 4%, 9.5% and 15%, respectively. MPs sorption onto the suspended biomass was found around two times more than the biofilm, in line with MPs' higher sorption kinetic constants (ksor) found for the suspended biomass. When comparing abiotic and biotic aspects, we found that biotic removal outperformed its counterpart for all compounds as Diclofenac, Naproxen, 17β-Estradiol and 4n-Nonylphenol were biodegraded by 72.8, 80.6, 84.7 and 84.4%, respectively. The effect of the changes in organic loading rates (OLRs) was investigated on the pseudo-first order degradation constants (kbiol), revealing the dominant biodegradation mechanism of co-metabolism for the removal of Diclofenac, Naproxen, and 4n-Nonylphenol, while 17β-Estradiol obeyed the biodegradation mechanism of competitive inhibition. Biotic removals and kbiol values of all MPs were also seen higher in the biofilm as compared to the suspended biomass. To draw a conclusion, a quite high removal of recalcitrant MPs is achievable in tertiary MBBRs, making them a promising technology that supports both pathways of co-metabolism and competitive inhibition, next to the abiotic attenuation of MPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Mehran Abtahi
- Université de Toulouse, INPT, UPS, Laboratoire de Génie Chimique, 4 Allée Emile Monso, F31432 Toulouse, France.
| | - Maike Petermann
- Université de Toulouse, INPT, UPS, Laboratoire de Génie Chimique, 4 Allée Emile Monso, F31432 Toulouse, France
| | - Agathe Juppeau Flambard
- Université de Toulouse, INPT, UPS, Laboratoire de Génie Chimique, 4 Allée Emile Monso, F31432 Toulouse, France
| | - Sandra Beaufort
- Université de Toulouse, INPT, UPS, Laboratoire de Génie Chimique, 4 Allée Emile Monso, F31432 Toulouse, France
| | - Fanny Terrisse
- Biovitis S.A., Le Bourg, 15400 Saint-Étienne-de-Chomeil, France
| | - Thierry Trotouin
- Veolia, Centre régional Toulouse Pyrénées, 22 avenue Marcel Dassault, 31506 Toulouse, France
| | - Claire Joannis Cassan
- Université de Toulouse, INPT, UPS, Laboratoire de Génie Chimique, 4 Allée Emile Monso, F31432 Toulouse, France
| | - Claire Albasi
- Université de Toulouse, INPT, UPS, Laboratoire de Génie Chimique, 4 Allée Emile Monso, F31432 Toulouse, France.
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39
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Friedman L, Mamane H, Avisar D, Chandran K. The role of influent organic carbon-to-nitrogen (COD/N) ratio in removal rates and shaping microbial ecology in soil aquifer treatment (SAT). WATER RESEARCH 2018; 146:197-205. [PMID: 30261358 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Soil columns simulating soil aquifer treatment (SAT), fed with synthetic secondary effluent by intermittent infiltration of flooding/drying cycles, were characterized for nitrogen and organic carbon removal, and microbial ecology and biokinetics. The columns differed in the concentration ratio of chemical oxygen demand (COD) to the summed NH4+, NO2- and organic nitrogen-2 (C/N2) or 5 (C/N5). Chemical profiles along the column demonstrated a preference for COD oxidation over nitrification and coupled denitrification, with higher nitrogen loss (57% vs. 16%) in the C/N5 column. Unexpectedly, significant dominance of the genus Nitrospira over the genus Nitrobacter and ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) was strongly correlated at column depths where NH4+ removal occurred. Moreover, the Nitrospira profile had the strongest correlation to the profile of NH4+ (positive) and NO3- (negative), strongly indicating complete ammonia oxidation. 16S sequencing analysis of the topsoil in C/N2 vs. C/N5 columns revealed double the abundance of microbial aerobic potential (64% vs. 32%) vs. one-third the denitrification potential (13% vs. 31%). The concentrations and degradability levels of organic carbon were the most influential parameters shaping community structure. Niche differentiation within the biofilm attached to the soil is suggested to have an important role in the process's anoxic activity and nitrogen removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liron Friedman
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Environmental Engineering Program, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel; School of Earth Sciences, The Water Research Center, Hydrochemistry, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel; Department of Earth and Environmental Engineering, Columbia University in the City of New York, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Hadas Mamane
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Environmental Engineering Program, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel.
| | - Dror Avisar
- School of Earth Sciences, The Water Research Center, Hydrochemistry, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - Kartik Chandran
- Department of Earth and Environmental Engineering, Columbia University in the City of New York, New York, NY, 10027, USA
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40
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Huang H, Peng C, Peng P, Lin Y, Zhang X, Ren H. Towards the biofilm characterization and regulation in biological wastewater treatment. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 103:1115-1129. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-9511-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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41
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Chignell JF, Schlegel C, Ulber R, Reardon KF. Quantitative proteomic analysis of
Lactobacillus delbrueckii
ssp.
lactis
biofilms. AIChE J 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.16449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy F. Chignell
- Dept. of Chemical and Biological Engineering Colorado State University Fort Collins CO, 80523
| | - Christin Schlegel
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering University of Kaiserslautern Kaiserslautern, D‐67663 Germany
| | - Roland Ulber
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering University of Kaiserslautern Kaiserslautern, D‐67663 Germany
| | - Kenneth F. Reardon
- Dept. of Chemical and Biological Engineering Colorado State University Fort Collins CO, 80523
- Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Program Colorado State University Fort Collins CO, 80523
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42
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Wilén BM, Liébana R, Persson F, Modin O, Hermansson M. The mechanisms of granulation of activated sludge in wastewater treatment, its optimization, and impact on effluent quality. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:5005-5020. [PMID: 29705957 PMCID: PMC5960003 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-8990-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Revised: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Granular activated sludge has gained increasing interest due to its potential in treating wastewater in a compact and efficient way. It is well-established that activated sludge can form granules under certain environmental conditions such as batch-wise operation with feast-famine feeding, high hydrodynamic shear forces, and short settling time which select for dense microbial aggregates. Aerobic granules with stable structure and functionality have been obtained with a range of different wastewaters seeded with different sources of sludge at different operational conditions, but the microbial communities developed differed substantially. In spite of this, granule instability occurs. In this review, the available literature on the mechanisms involved in granulation and how it affects the effluent quality is assessed with special attention given to the microbial interactions involved. To be able to optimize the process further, more knowledge is needed regarding the influence of microbial communities and their metabolism on granule stability and functionality. Studies performed at conditions similar to full-scale such as fluctuation in organic loading rate, hydrodynamic conditions, temperature, incoming particles, and feed water microorganisms need further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Britt-Marie Wilén
- Division of Water Environment Technology, Department of Architecture and Civil and Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Raquel Liébana
- Division of Water Environment Technology, Department of Architecture and Civil and Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Frank Persson
- Division of Water Environment Technology, Department of Architecture and Civil and Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Oskar Modin
- Division of Water Environment Technology, Department of Architecture and Civil and Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Malte Hermansson
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, SE-405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
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43
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Su X, Zhang Z. Structural characteristics of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) in membrane bioreactor and their adsorptive fouling. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2018; 77:1537-1546. [PMID: 29595156 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2018.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The soluble (S), loosely bound (LB) and tightly bound (TB) extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) were extracted from sludge flocs of a membrane bioreactor to evaluate their characteristics and adsorptive fouling. The degrees of adsorptive fouling by the EPS fractions were in the order S-EPS < TB-EPS < LB-EPS. The images of atomic force microscopy showed the membrane fouled by LB-EPS was rougher than that fouled by the other fractions. The adsorbed EPS layer, which was sensed by quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation, was found to be more rigid and compact for LB-EPS, compared with the other EPS fractions. The excitation-emission matrix and Fourier transform infrared techniques were also used to characterize the individual EPS fractions. Compared with S-EPS and TB-EPS, the LB-EPS contained a larger amount of aromatic protein and less carbohydrates and lipids, exhibiting characteristics of greater aromaticity and hydrophobicity. These characteristics should be responsible for more severe fouling, and the stiffer and more compact structure of the adsorbed layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinying Su
- Department of Environmental Engineering, School of Food Engineering, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin 150076, China E-mail:
| | - Zhigang Zhang
- Science and Technology on Underwater Acoustic Laboratory, College of Underwater Acoustic Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China
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44
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Liébana R, Modin O, Persson F, Wilén BM. Integration of aerobic granular sludge and membrane bioreactors for wastewater treatment. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2018; 38:801-816. [PMID: 29400086 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2017.1414140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Environmental deterioration together with the need for water reuse and the increasingly restrictive legislation of water quality standards have led to a demand for compact, efficient and less energy consuming technologies for wastewater treatment. Aerobic granular sludge and membrane bioreactors (MBRs) are two technologies with several advantages, such as small footprint, high-microbial density and activity, ability to operate at high organic- and nitrogen-loading rates, and tolerance to toxicity. However, they also have some disadvantages. The aerobic granular sludge process generally requires post-treatment in order to fulfill effluent standards and MBRs suffer from fouling of the membranes. Integrating the two technologies could be a way of combining the advantages and addressing the main problems associated with both processes. The use of membranes to separate the aerobic granules from the treated water would ensure high-quality effluents suitable for reuse. Moreover, the use of granular sludge in MBRs has been shown to reduce fouling. Several recent studies have shown that the aerobic granular membrane bioreactor (AGMBR) is a promising hybrid process with many attractive features. However, major challenges that have to be addressed include how to achieve granulation and maintain granular stability during continuous operation of reactors. This paper aims to review the current state of research on AGMBR technology while drawing attention to relevant findings and highlight current limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Liébana
- a Division of Water Environment Technology, Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering , Chalmers University of Technology , Gothenburg , Sweden
| | - Oskar Modin
- a Division of Water Environment Technology, Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering , Chalmers University of Technology , Gothenburg , Sweden
| | - Frank Persson
- a Division of Water Environment Technology, Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering , Chalmers University of Technology , Gothenburg , Sweden
| | - Britt-Marie Wilén
- a Division of Water Environment Technology, Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering , Chalmers University of Technology , Gothenburg , Sweden
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45
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Cui YX, Wu D, Mackey HR, Chui HK, Chen GH. Application of a moving-bed biofilm reactor for sulfur-oxidizing autotrophic denitrification. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2018; 77:1027-1034. [PMID: 29488966 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2017.617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Sulfur-oxidizing autotrophic denitrification (SO-AD) was investigated in a laboratory-scale moving-bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) at a sewage temperature of 22 °C. A synthetic wastewater with nitrate, sulfide and thiosulfate was fed into the MBBR. After 20 days' acclimation, the reduced sulfur compounds were completely oxidized and nitrogen removal efficiency achieved up to 82%. The operation proceeded to examine the denitrification by decreasing hydraulic retention time (HRT) from 12 to 4 h in stages. At steady state, this laboratory-scale SO-AD MBBR achieved the nitrogen removal efficiency of 94% at the volumetric loading rate of 0.18 kg N·(mreactor3·d)-1. The biofilm formation was examined periodically: the attached volatile solids (AVS) gradually increased corresponding to the decrease of HRT and stabilized at about 1,300 mg AVS·Lreactor-1 at steady state. This study demonstrated that without adding external organic carbon, SO-AD can be successfully applied in moving-bed carriers. The application of SO-AD MBBR has shown the potential for sulfur-containing industrial wastewater treatment, brackish wastewater treatment and the upgrading of the activated sludge system. Moreover, the study provides direct design information for the full-scale MBBR application of the sulfur-cycle based SANI process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Xiang Cui
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clearwater Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China E-mail:
| | - Di Wu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clearwater Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China E-mail: ; Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control and Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, Water Technology Center, and Fork Ying Tung Research Institute, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clearwater Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hamish R Mackey
- Division of Sustainable Development, College of Science and Engineering, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ho-Kwong Chui
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clearwater Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China E-mail:
| | - Guang-Hao Chen
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clearwater Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China E-mail: ; Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control and Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, Water Technology Center, and Fork Ying Tung Research Institute, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clearwater Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
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46
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Karwautz C, Kus G, Stöckl M, Neu TR, Lueders T. Microbial megacities fueled by methane oxidation in a mineral spring cave. ISME JOURNAL 2017; 12:87-100. [PMID: 28949325 PMCID: PMC5739006 DOI: 10.1038/ismej.2017.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Revised: 07/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Massive biofilms have been discovered in the cave of an iodine-rich former medicinal spring in southern Germany. The biofilms completely cover the walls and ceilings of the cave, giving rise to speculations about their metabolism. Here we report on first insights into the structure and function of the biofilm microbiota, combining geochemical, imaging and molecular analytics. Stable isotope analysis indicated that thermogenic methane emerging into the cave served as an important driver of biofilm formation. The undisturbed cavern atmosphere contained up to 3000 p.p.m. methane and was microoxic. A high abundance and diversity of aerobic methanotrophs primarily within the Methylococcales (Gammaproteobacteria) and methylotrophic Methylophilaceae (Betaproteobacteria) were found in the biofilms, along with a surprising diversity of associated heterotrophic bacteria. The highest methane oxidation potentials were measured for submerged biofilms on the cavern wall. Highly organized globular structures of the biofilm matrix were revealed by fluorescent lectin staining. We propose that the extracellular matrix served not only as an electron sink for nutrient-limited biofilm methylotrophs but potentially also as a diffusive barrier against volatilized iodine species. Possible links between carbon and iodine cycling in this peculiar habitat are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clemens Karwautz
- Institute of Groundwater Ecology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Centre for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Günter Kus
- Bavarian Environment Agency (LfU), Department 10: Geological Survey, Hof/Saale, Germany
| | - Michael Stöckl
- Institute of Groundwater Ecology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Centre for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Thomas R Neu
- Department of River Ecology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Tillmann Lueders
- Institute of Groundwater Ecology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Centre for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
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47
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Continuum and discrete approach in modeling biofilm development and structure: a review. J Math Biol 2017; 76:945-1003. [PMID: 28741178 DOI: 10.1007/s00285-017-1165-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Revised: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The scientific community has recognized that almost 99% of the microbial life on earth is represented by biofilms. Considering the impacts of their sessile lifestyle on both natural and human activities, extensive experimental activity has been carried out to understand how biofilms grow and interact with the environment. Many mathematical models have also been developed to simulate and elucidate the main processes characterizing the biofilm growth. Two main mathematical approaches for biomass representation can be distinguished: continuum and discrete. This review is aimed at exploring the main characteristics of each approach. Continuum models can simulate the biofilm processes in a quantitative and deterministic way. However, they require a multidimensional formulation to take into account the biofilm spatial heterogeneity, which makes the models quite complicated, requiring significant computational effort. Discrete models are more recent and can represent the typical multidimensional structural heterogeneity of biofilm reflecting the experimental expectations, but they generate computational results including elements of randomness and introduce stochastic effects into the solutions.
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