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Pan K, Qian Z, Chen Y, Cheng X, Li F, Ding M, Tian Y, Li J. Two-way role of iron-carbon in biochemical reactions: Microelectrolysis and enhanced activity of aerobic granular sludge for efficient refractory wastewater treatment. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 264:122222. [PMID: 39128202 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.122222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2024] [Revised: 07/29/2024] [Accepted: 08/03/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
Industrial wastewater contained a large amount of refractory organics, and single treatment processes had limitations. This study investigated the mechanism of refractory organics removal using iron-carbon built-in coupled activated sludge (ICAS) and explored the role and function of iron-carbon (IC) within the ICAS system. The aerobic granular sludge (AGS) cultivated with IC exhibited a loose surface and a tight interior structure. Iron in the AGS concentrated near the outer layer to form a crust, which protected the inner microorganisms. IC promoted EPS secretion and regulated the abundance of positive and negative signaling molecules to maintain AGS stability. Experiments using quinoline as a model refractory organic showed that both physical adsorption by IC and biological adsorption by sludge rapidly fixed a large amount of pollutants, providing a buffer capacity for the system. The iron mineral crust on the AGS surface enhanced quinoline adsorption. Hydroxylation was the first step in quinoline degradation, with IC upregulating the genes iorA/B, qorB, and wrbA involved in this process, and the relative abundances of quinoline-degrading bacteria. Both pyridine ring opening and benzene ring cleavage occurred in the single IC system, and the microelectrolysis process produced •OH and [H], which made degradation pathway for quinoline through IC more complex than microbial degradation. Although the IC-mediated pathway accounted for only a small part of overall quinoline removal in the ICAS system, the ICAS system not only preserved the microelectrolysis process but also enhanced microbial metabolic activity. This work provided insights into the synergistic removal of pollutants and maintenance of AGS stability by the ICAS process, ensuring efficient treatment of refractory organic wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan Pan
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, PR China
| | - Zhou Qian
- Zhejiang Heze Environmental Technology Co., Ltd, Huzhou, 313100, PR China
| | - Yunxin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, PR China
| | - Xiaoyu Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, PR China
| | - Fei Li
- Zhejiang Heze Environmental Technology Co., Ltd, Huzhou, 313100, PR China
| | - Mengting Ding
- Zhejiang Heze Environmental Technology Co., Ltd, Huzhou, 313100, PR China
| | - Yajun Tian
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, PR China
| | - Jun Li
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, PR China.
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Yang X, Yang W, Chen Y, Li Z, Yang G. Chitosan-stabilized iron-copper nanoparticles for efficient removal of nitrate. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:97298-97309. [PMID: 37589845 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-29319-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Chitosan-stabilized iron-copper nanomaterials (CS-nZVI/Cu) were successfully prepared and applied to the nitrate removal. Batch experiments were conducted to examine the effects of experimental parameters on nitrate removal, including Cu loading, CS-nZVI/Cu dosages, initial nitrate concentrations, and initial pHs. From the experimental date, it was concluded that CS-nZVI/Cu has a high nitrate removal efficiency, which can be more than 97%, respectively, at Cu loading = 5%, dosages of CS-nZVI/Cu = 3 g/L, initial nitrate concentrations of 30~120 mg/L, and initial pH values = 2~9. Additionally, the kinetic data for CS-nZVI/Cu were found to fit well with the first-order kinetic model with a rate constant of 0.15 (mg∙L)1-n/min, where n=1. The Langmuir model showed a good fit for NO3- removal, indicating that monolayer chemisorption occurred. The SEM and TEM analyses showed that the addition of chitosan resulted in improved dispersion of the CS-nZVI/Cu. The CS-nZVI/Cu nanomaterials have a more complete elliptical shape and are between 50 and 100 nm in size. The XRD analysis showed that the chitosan encapsulation reduced the oxidation of the iron component and the main product was Fe3O4. The FT-IR analysis showed that the immobilization of chitosan and the iron was accomplished by the ligand interaction. The nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherm results showed that the CS-nZVI/Cu specific surface area and pore volume decreased significantly after the reaction. Adsorption, oxidation, and reduction are possible mechanisms for nitrate removal by CS-nZVI/Cu. The XPS analysis investigated the contribution of nZVI and Cu in the removal mechanism. Adding copper accelerates the reaction time and rate. In addition, nZVI played a vital role in reducing nitrate to N2. Based on these results, it looks like CS-nZVI/Cu could be a satisfactory material for nitrate removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaxia Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30 Puzhu South Road, Pukou District, Nanjing, 211816, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenhong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30 Puzhu South Road, Pukou District, Nanjing, 211816, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingjie Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30 Puzhu South Road, Pukou District, Nanjing, 211816, People's Republic of China
| | - Zixi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30 Puzhu South Road, Pukou District, Nanjing, 211816, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30 Puzhu South Road, Pukou District, Nanjing, 211816, People's Republic of China.
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Nasrollahzadeh M, Sajjadi M, Iravani S, Varma RS. Starch, cellulose, pectin, gum, alginate, chitin and chitosan derived (nano)materials for sustainable water treatment: A review. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 251:116986. [PMID: 33142558 PMCID: PMC8648070 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 244] [Impact Index Per Article: 81.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Natural biopolymers, polymeric organic molecules produced by living organisms and/or renewable resources, are considered greener, sustainable, and eco-friendly materials. Natural polysaccharides comprising cellulose, chitin/chitosan, starch, gum, alginate, and pectin are sustainable materials owing to their outstanding structural features, abundant availability, and nontoxicity, ease of modification, biocompatibility, and promissing potentials. Plentiful polysaccharides have been utilized for making assorted (nano)catalysts in recent years; fabrication of polysaccharides-supported metal/metal oxide (nano)materials is one of the effective strategies in nanotechnology. Water is one of the world's foremost environmental stress concerns. Nanomaterial-adorned polysaccharides-based entities have functioned as novel and more efficient (nano)catalysts or sorbents in eliminating an array of aqueous pollutants and contaminants, including ionic metals and organic/inorganic pollutants from wastewater. This review encompasses recent advancements, trends and challenges for natural biopolymers assembled from renewable resources for exploitation in the production of starch, cellulose, pectin, gum, alginate, chitin and chitosan-derived (nano)materials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohaddeseh Sajjadi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Qom, Qom, 37185-359, Iran
| | - Siavash Iravani
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Rajender S Varma
- Chemical Methods and Treatment Branch, Water Infrastructure Division, Center for Environmental Solutions and Emergency Response, U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, 26 West Martin Luther King Drive, Cincinnati, OH, 45268, USA; Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Palacký University in Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
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Song Q, Li M, Wang L, Ma X, Liu F, Liu X. Mechanism and optimization of electrochemical system for simultaneous removal of nitrate and ammonia. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2019; 363:119-126. [PMID: 30308350 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.09.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this study, an electrochemical system was established for simultaneous harmless removal of nitrate and ammonia multiple contamination in an undivided single cell. Cyclic voltammetry was used to investigate the electrochemical cathode and anode coupling redox mechanism and concurring evolution of nitrate and ammonia. The cyclic voltammograms showed the cathodic reduction of nitrate to ammonia and nitrite, the chloride ion conversion to hypochlorite and hypochlorous acid, and the oxidation of ammonia to nitrogen gas and nitrate. A circular transformation process was formed in the electrochemical system and the final product was harmless nitrogen gas. The multiple nitrogen pollutants in the original contaminated system were gradually removed with the reaction predominantly produced harmless nitrogen gas. Response surface methodology was used to build mathematical models for optimizing the operating conditions. The optimum time, NaCl concentration, and current density were 85.38 min, 0.24 g/L, and 45.13 mA/cm2, respectively. Under the optimum conditions, the nitrate and ammonia concentrations in the treated solution were 9.17 and 0.00 mg/L, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinan Song
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Miao Li
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
| | - Lele Wang
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Xuejiao Ma
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Fang Liu
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Xiang Liu
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
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Jiang D, Huang D, Lai C, Xu P, Zeng G, Wan J, Tang L, Dong H, Huang B, Hu T. Difunctional chitosan-stabilized Fe/Cu bimetallic nanoparticles for removal of hexavalent chromium wastewater. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 644:1181-1189. [PMID: 30743831 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.06.367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Revised: 05/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Bimetallic Fe/Cu nanoparticles were successfully stabilized by chitosan used for remediating hexavatlent chromium contaminated wasterwater. However, the over-loaded chitosan on the surface of Fe/Cu particles limited the Cr(VI) reduction due to the occupation of the surface reactive sites. Weighing the colloid stability and the reduction reactivity, the optimal dosage of chitosan is 2.0 wt% and the optimal Cu doping dosage is 3.0 wt%. SEM and TEM images showed that the chitosan-stabilized Fe/Cu bimetallic nanoparticles (CS-Fe/Cu nanoparticles) were uniformly dispersed, which had loose and porous surface. FTIR characterization showed that the binding sites of nZVI and chitosan. XRD demonstrated that the presence of copper and chitosan did not change the existence form of zero-valent iron. Most importantly, the contribution of chitosan and Cu in the removal mechanism was studied by the reduction experiments and the XPS analysis. On the one hand, chitosan could effectively combine with Cr(VI) due to chelation, on the other hand, Cu played an important role in the precipitation and coprecipitation phenomena. These findings indicate that CS-Fe/Cu has the potential to be a promising material for wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danni Jiang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Danlian Huang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Cui Lai
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Piao Xu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Guangming Zeng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China.
| | - Jia Wan
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Lin Tang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Haoran Dong
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Binbin Huang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Tianjue Hu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
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