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Aditya L, Vu HP, Johir MAH, Mao S, Ansari A, Fu Q, Nghiem LD. Synthesizing cationic polymers and tuning their properties for microalgae harvesting. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 917:170423. [PMID: 38281644 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
This study reports a facile technique to synthesize and tune the cationic polymer, poly(3-acrylamidopropyl)trimethylammonium chloride (PAPTAC), in terms of molecular weight and surface change for harvesting three microalgae species (Scenedesmus sp., P.purpureum, and C. vulgaris). The PAPTAC polymer was synthesised by UV-induced free-radical polymerisation. Polymer tuning was demonstrated by regulating the monomer concentration (60 to 360 mg/mL) and UV power (36 and 60 W) for polymerisation. The obtained PAPTAC polymer was evaluated for harvesting three different microalgae species and compared to a commercially available polymer. The highest flocculation efficiency for Scenedesmus sp. and P. purpureum was observed at a dosage of 25 mg-polymer/g of dry biomass by using PAPTAC-90, resulting in higher flocculation efficiency than the commercial polymer. Results in this study show evidence of effective neutralisation of the negative charge surface of microalgae cells by the produced cationic PAPTAC polymer and polymer bridging for effective flocculation. The obtained PAPTAC polymer was less effective for harvesting C. vulgaris, possibly due to other factors such as cell morphology and composition of extracellular polymeric substances of at the cell membrane that may also influence harvesting performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Aditya
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, NSW 2220, Australia
| | - Hang P Vu
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, NSW 2220, Australia
| | - Md Abu Hasan Johir
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, NSW 2220, Australia
| | - Shudi Mao
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, NSW 2220, Australia
| | - Ashley Ansari
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, NSW 2220, Australia
| | - Qiang Fu
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, NSW 2220, Australia.
| | - Long D Nghiem
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, NSW 2220, Australia.
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2
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Shitanaka T, Fujioka H, Khan M, Kaur M, Du ZY, Khanal SK. Recent advances in microalgal production, harvesting, prediction, optimization, and control strategies. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 391:129924. [PMID: 37925082 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
The market value of microalgae has grown exponentially over the past two decades, due to their use in the pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, cosmetic, and aquatic/animal feed industries. In particular, high-value products such as omega-3 fatty acids, proteins, and pigments derived from microalgae have high demand. However, the supply of these high-value microalgal bioproducts is hampered by several critical factors, including low biomass and bioproduct yields, inefficiencies in monitoring microalgal growth, and costly harvesting methods. To overcome these constraints, strategies such as synthetic biology, bubble generation, photobioreactor designs, electro-/magnetic-/bioflocculation, and artificial intelligence integration in microalgal production are being explored. These strategies have significant promise in improving the production of microalgae, which will further boost market availability of algal-derived bioproducts. This review focuses on the recent advances in these technologies. Furthermore, this review aims to provide a critical analysis of the challenges in existing algae bioprocessing methods, and highlights future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ty Shitanaka
- Department of Molecular Biosciences & Bioengineering, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, United States
| | - Haylee Fujioka
- Department of Molecular Biosciences & Bioengineering, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, United States
| | - Muzammil Khan
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, United States
| | - Manpreet Kaur
- Department of Molecular Biosciences & Bioengineering, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, United States
| | - Zhi-Yan Du
- Department of Molecular Biosciences & Bioengineering, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, United States.
| | - Samir Kumar Khanal
- Department of Molecular Biosciences & Bioengineering, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, United States; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, United States.
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3
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Trung TS, Phuong PTD, Minh NC, Thuong NTN, Prinyawiwatkul W, Bao HND, Van Hoa N. Swollen-state preparation of chitosan lactate from moulted shrimp shells and its application for harvesting marine microalgae Nannochloropsis sp. Int J Biol Macromol 2023:125337. [PMID: 37307976 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Chitosan lactate (CSS) has been widely used for academic and industrial applications due to its biocompatibility, biodegradability, and high biological activity. Unlike chitosan, which is generally soluble only in acid solution, CSS can be directly used by dissolving in water. In this study, CSS was prepared from moulted shrimp chitosan at room temperature by a solid-state method. Chitosan was first swollen in a mixture of ethanol and water, making it more susceptible to reacting with lactic acid in the next step. As a result, the prepared CSS had a high solubility (over 99 %) and zeta potential (+ 99.3 mV) and was comparable to the commercial product. The preparation method of CSS is facile and efficient for a large-scale process. In addition, the prepared product exhibited a potential flocculant for harvesting Nannochloropsis sp., a marine microalga widely used as a popular food for larvae. In the best condition, the CSS solution (250 ppm) at pH 10 showed the highest recovery capacity (~ 90 % after 120 min) for harvesting Nannochloropsis sp. Besides, the harvested microalgal biomass showed excellent regeneration after 6 culture days. This paper's findings suggest a circular economy in aquaculture by producing value-added products from solid wastes, which can minimize the environmental impact and move towards sustainable zero-waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trang Si Trung
- Faculty of Food Technology, Nha Trang University, Viet Nam
| | | | | | | | - Witoon Prinyawiwatkul
- School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | | | - Nguyen Van Hoa
- Faculty of Food Technology, Nha Trang University, Viet Nam.
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Mohamed Hatta NS, Lau SW, Chua HB, Takeo M, Sen TK, Mubarak NM, Khalid M, Zairin DA. Parametric and kinetic studies of activated sludge dewatering by cationic chitosan-like bioflocculant BF01314 produced from Citrobacter youngae. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 224:115527. [PMID: 36822539 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial strains belonging to Citrobacter spp. were reported to produce polysaccharides consisting of N-acetylglucosamine and glucosamine like chitosan, with high flocculation activity. In this work, the flocculation dewatering performance of activated sludge conditioned by a novel cationic chitosan-like bioflocculant (BF) named BF01314, produced from Citrobacter youngae GTC 01314, was evaluated under the influences of flocculant dosage, pH, and temperature. At BF dosage as low as 0.5 kg/t DS, the sludge dewaterability was significantly enhanced in comparison to the raw (untreated) sludge, featuring well-flocculated characteristic (reduction in CST from 22.0 s to 9.4 s) and good sludge filterability with reduced resistance (reduction in SRF by one order from 7.42 × 1011 to 9.59 × 1010 m/kg) and increased compactness of sludge (increase in CSC from 15.2 to 23.2%). Besides, the BF demonstrated comparable high sludge dewatering performance within the pH range between 2 and 8, and temperature range between 25 °C and 80 °C. Comparison between the BF, the pristine chitosan and the commercial cationic copolymer MF 7861 demonstrated equivalent performance with enhanced dewaterability at the dosage between 2.0 and 3.0 kg/t DS. Besides, the BF demonstrated strong flocculation activity (>99%) when added to the sludge suspension using moderate to high flocculation speeds (100-200 rpm) with at least 3-min mixing time. The BF's reaction in sludge flocculation was best fitted with a pseudo first-order kinetic model. Electrostatic charge patching and polymer bridging mechanisms are believed to be the dominant mechanistic phenomena during the BF's sludge conditioning process (coagulation-flocculation).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Syahirah Mohamed Hatta
- Department of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Curtin University Malaysia, CDT 250, 98009 Miri, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Shiew Wei Lau
- Department of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Curtin University Malaysia, CDT 250, 98009 Miri, Sarawak, Malaysia.
| | - Han Bing Chua
- Department of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Curtin University Malaysia, CDT 250, 98009 Miri, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Masahiro Takeo
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Hyogo, 2167 Shosha, Himeji, Hyogo 671-2280, Japan
| | - Tushar Kanti Sen
- Chemical Engineering Department, King Faisal University, Hofuf, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nabisab Mujawar Mubarak
- Petroleum and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Brunei, Bandar Seri Begawan BE1410, Brunei Darussalam.
| | - Mohammad Khalid
- Graphene and Advanced 2D Materials Research Group (GAMRG), School of Engineering and Technology, Sunway University, No. 5, Jalan Universiti, Bandar Sunway, 47500 Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia; Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, 248007 Uttarakhand, India
| | - Danial Aminin Zairin
- Graphene and Advanced 2D Materials Research Group (GAMRG), School of Engineering and Technology, Sunway University, No. 5, Jalan Universiti, Bandar Sunway, 47500 Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
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5
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Effect of Electrofiltration on the Dewatering Kinetics of Arthrospira platensis and Biocompound Recovery. SEPARATIONS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/separations9120410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Arthrospira platensis (A. platensis) is a microalga with a wide range of commercial uses. One of the main concerns that needs to be addressed in microalgae biorefineries is the costs associated with the harvesting and concentration steps. Filtration has been shown to be an effective technique for concentrating microalgae and recent studies have attempted to enhance membrane filtration by applying an external electric field to the filtration cell. This study consisted of assessing the use of electrically assisted filtration (electrofiltration) at 60 A/m2 and 1 bar for the dewatering of A. platensis, as well as the effect of pretreating the microalgae with ultrasounds (US) on the filtration process. Untreated A. platensis exhibited better filtration kinetics than US-treated A. platensis, and electrofiltration was found to increase the cake dryness. More protein and pigments were present in the US-treated microalgae solution compared to the untreated microalgae, which led to the presence of higher concentrations of protein and pigments in the filtrate streams after pressure filtration at 1 bar without the application of an external electric field. Electrofiltration was found to consume less energy compared to traditional drying techniques used for A. platensis. However, electrofiltration degrades the biocompounds present in the filtrate and cake due to pH changes and other electrophoresis phenomena, which shows the need to optimize the process in future work.
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Yap JX, Leo CP, Chan DJC, Mohd Yasin NH, Show PL. Air-liquid interface cultivation of Navicula incerta using hollow fiber membranes. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 307:135625. [PMID: 35820481 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae cultivation in open ponds requires a large footprint, while most photobioreactors need improvement in the ratio of surface to volume and energy consumption. In this study, polyethersulfone (PES) and poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) hollow fiber membranes with a large surface area were rearranged into open-ended and dead-ended configurations to improve the air-liquid interface cultivation of Navicula incerta. N. incerta were successfully grown on the porous membrane surface with the nutrients circulating inside the lumen. Fourier-transform infrared spectra showed the accumulation of polysaccharides, proteins and humic acids. Hydrophilic polysaccharides reduced water contact angles on PES and PVDF membranes to 37.2 ± 2.6° and 55.7 ± 3.3°, respectively. However, the porosity of PES (80.1 ± 1.1%) and PVDF (61.3 ± 4.5%) membranes were not significantly affected even after cultivation and harvesting of N. incerta. Scanning electron images further confirmed that N. incerta, cell debris and extracellular organic matter accumulated on the membrane. With large pores and a hydrophobic surface, PVDF hollow fiber membranes offered a greater improvement in N. incerta cell growth rate compared to PES hollow fiber membranes despite using different configurations. In the dead-ended configuration, they even attained the greatest improvement in N. incerta growth rate, up to 54.0%. However, PES hollow fiber membranes only achieved improvement in harvesting efficiency within the range of 18.7-38.0% due to weak cell adhesion. PVDF hollow fiber membranes significantly promoted the growth of microalgae N. incerta through the air-liquid interface system, leading to potential applications in wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Xin Yap
- School of Chemical Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300, Nibong Tebal, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - C P Leo
- School of Chemical Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300, Nibong Tebal, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia.
| | - Derek Juinn Chieh Chan
- School of Chemical Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300, Nibong Tebal, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Nazlina Haiza Mohd Yasin
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, UKM, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Pau Loke Show
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Subtropical Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China; Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, B34, Semenyih, 43500, Selangor, Malaysia
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7
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Qi S, Chen J, Hu Y, Hu Z, Zhan X, Stengel DB. Low energy harvesting of hydrophobic microalgae (Tribonema sp.) by electro-flotation without coagulation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 838:155866. [PMID: 35568179 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae have great potential for biofuel production and wastewater treatment, but the high cost of harvesting hinders their practical application. In this study, economical harvesting of hydrophobic microalgae by electro-flotation without coagulation was assessed. The harvesting performance of this method for selected species of freshwater microalgae with different degrees of hydrophobicity (Tribonema sp., highly hydrophobic; Scenedesmus sp., moderately hydrophobic; and Pandorina sp., hydrophilic) were compared. It was found that microalgal hydrophobicity played a critical role in electro-flotation. Under the same condition (current 0.3 A, velocity gradient 200 s-1, biomass concentration 1 g/L), Tribonema sp. could be effectively harvested (96.2 ± 0.4%) after 20 min of electro-flotation, while the harvesting efficiency decreased significantly with Scenedesmus sp. (70.1 ± 5.2%, 20 min) and Pandorina sp. (<10%, 1 h). The influences of current, electrolysis time, mixing intensity (velocity gradient) and biomass concentration on Tribonema sp. (hydrophobic) harvesting were further investigated. Increasing the current within a certain range (0.1 A-0.4 A) was beneficial to harvesting, while it's further increase decreased floating velocity, which was similar to the effect of the velocity gradient. Under the optimal condition, the harvesting efficiency of Tribonema sp. was 96.3% and the energy consumption (0.19 kWh/kg biomass) was much lower than other harvesting techniques, indicating that electro-flotation is a time-saving and economical approach for hydrophobic microalgae harvesting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shasha Qi
- Civil Engineering, College of Science and Engineering, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland; School of Civil Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Jingrou Chen
- Civil Engineering, College of Science and Engineering, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Yuansheng Hu
- Civil Engineering, College of Science and Engineering, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland; Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland.
| | - Zhenhu Hu
- School of Civil Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Xinmin Zhan
- Civil Engineering, College of Science and Engineering, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland; Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland; MaREI Research Centre, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland.
| | - Dagmar B Stengel
- Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland; Botany and Plant Science, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
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Kant Bhatia S, Ahuja V, Chandel N, Mehariya S, Kumar P, Vinayak V, Saratale GD, Raj T, Kim SH, Yang YH. An overview on microalgal-bacterial granular consortia for resource recovery and wastewater treatment. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 351:127028. [PMID: 35318147 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Excessive generation of wastewater is a matter of concern around the globe. Wastewater treatment utilizing a microalgae-mediated process is considered an eco-friendly and sustainable method of wastewater treatment. However, low biomass productivity, costly harvesting process, and energy extensive cultivation process are the major bottleneck. The use of the microalgal-bacteria granular consortia (MBGC) process is economic and requires less energy. For efficient utilization of MBGC, knowledge of its structure, composition and interaction are important. Various microscopic, molecular and metabolomics techniques play a significant role in understating consortia structure and interaction between partners. Microalgal-bacteria granular consortia structure is affected by various cultivation parameters like pH, temperature, light intensity, salinity, and the presence of other pollutants in wastewater. In this article, a critical evaluation of recent literature was carried out to develop an understanding related to interaction behavior that can help to engineer consortia having efficient nutrient removal capacity with reduced energy consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shashi Kant Bhatia
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea; Institute for Ubiquitous Information Technology and Applications, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Vishal Ahuja
- Department of Biotechnology, Himachal Pradesh University, Shimla 171005, India
| | - Neha Chandel
- School of Medical and Allied Sciences, GD Goenka University, Gurugram-122103, Haryana, India
| | | | - Pradeep Kumar
- Faculty of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan 173229, India
| | - Vandana Vinayak
- Diatom Nanoengineering and Metabolism Laboratory (DNM), School of Applied Sciences, Dr. Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Sagar, Madhya Pradesh 470003, India
| | - Ganesh Dattatraya Saratale
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University-Seoul, 32 Dongguk-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si 10326, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Tirath Raj
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Hyoun Kim
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Yung-Hun Yang
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea; Institute for Ubiquitous Information Technology and Applications, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea.
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Kuster AC, Huser BJ, Thongdamrongtham S, Padungthon S, Junggoth R, Kuster AT. Drinking water treatment residual as a ballast to sink Microcystis cyanobacteria and inactivate phosphorus in tropical lake water. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 207:117792. [PMID: 34717209 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The combination of a low dose of coagulant with a ballast that can inactive phosphorus (P) in lake sediment-a technique known as "flock and lock"-is one method for restoration of eutrophic lakes. The effectiveness of a drinking water treatment residual (DWTR) as a ballast in flock and lock was assessed using assays of eutrophic lake water from Thailand dominated by Microcystis aeruginosa cyanobacteria colonies by measuring changes in chlorophyll-a, pH, and zeta potential. P sorption isotherms were developed from long-term batch equilibrium experiments; desorption of nutrients and metals was assessed via leaching experiments; and morphological changes to cellular structure were assessed using scanning electron microscopy. Results showed that combining DWTR with a low dose of aluminum sulfate (0.6-4.0 mg Al/L) effectively sank 74-96% of Microcystis, with DWTR dose (50-400 mg/L), initial chlorophyll-a concentration (92-976 µg/L), pH (7.4-9.3), and alkalinity (99-108 ppm CaCO3) identified as factors significantly associated with sinking efficacy. P sorption capacity of the DWTR (7.12 mg/g) was significantly higher than a local soil (0.33 mg/g), enabling the DWTR to inactivate P in lake sediment. Desorption of Al, Fe, Ca and N from the DWTR was estimated to contribute to a marginal increase in concentrations of those compounds in the water column of a small shallow lake (1.2, 0.66, 53.4, and 0.07 µg/L, respectively) following a simulated application. Therefore, pre-treated DWTRs may be a viable alternative ballast in the flock and lock approach to lake restoration, supplementing or replacing modified local soils or lanthanum modified clays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony C Kuster
- Faculty of Public Health, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Brian J Huser
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Surapol Padungthon
- Environmental Engineering Program, Faculty of Engineering, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Rittirong Junggoth
- Department of Environmental Health and Occupational Health and Safety, Faculty of Public Health, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Anootnara T Kuster
- Department of Environmental Health and Occupational Health and Safety, Faculty of Public Health, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
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10
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de Wit HA, Stoddard JL, Monteith DT, Sample JE, Austnes K, Couture S, Fölster J, Higgins SN, Houle D, Hruška J, Krám P, Kopacek J, Paterson AM, Valinia S, Van Dam H, Vuorenmaa J, Evans CD. Cleaner air reveals growing influence of climate on dissolved organic carbon trends in northern headwaters. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS : ERL [WEB SITE] 2021; 16:1-13. [PMID: 35874907 PMCID: PMC9306449 DOI: 10.1088/1748-9326/ac2526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Surface water browning, the result of increasing concentrations of dissolved organic matter (DOM), has been widespread in northern ecosystems in recent decades. Here, we assess a database of 426 undisturbed headwater lakes and streams in Europe and North America for evidence of trends in DOM between 1990 and 2016. We describe contrasting changes in DOM trends in Europe (decelerating) and North America (accelerating), which are consistent with organic matter solubility responses to declines in sulfate deposition. While earlier trends (1990-2004) were almost entirely related to changes in atmospheric chemistry, climatic and chemical drivers were equally important in explaining recent DOM trends (2002-2016). We estimate that riverine DOM export from northern ecosystems increased by 27% during the study period. Increased summer precipitation strengthened upward dissolved organic carbon trends while warming apparently damped browning. Our results suggest strong but changing influences of air quality and climate on the terrestrial carbon cycle, and on the magnitude of carbon export from land to water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heleen A de Wit
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research, N-0349 Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Biogeochemistry in the Anthropocene, University of Oslo, N-0315 Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Donald T Monteith
- UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Lancaster Environment Centre, LA1 4AP Bailrigg, Lancaster, United Kingdom
| | - James E Sample
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research, N-0349 Oslo, Norway
| | - Kari Austnes
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research, N-0349 Oslo, Norway
| | - Suzanne Couture
- Environment and Climate Change Canada (ECCC), Montreal, QC H2Y 2E7, Canada
| | - Jens Fölster
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-75007 Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Daniel Houle
- Environment and Climate Change Canada (ECCC), Montreal, QC H2Y 2E7, Canada
| | - Jakub Hruška
- Czech Geological Survey, 152 00 Prague, Czech Republic
- Global Change Research Institute, CAS, 603 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Krám
- Czech Geological Survey, 152 00 Prague, Czech Republic
- Global Change Research Institute, CAS, 603 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Kopacek
- Biology Centre, CAS, Institute of Hydrobiology, 37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Andrew M Paterson
- Dorset Environmental Science Centre, Ontario Ministry of the Environment, Conservation and Parks, Dorset, ON, Canada
| | - Salar Valinia
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research, N-0349 Oslo, Norway
- Swedish Environmental Protection Agency, 106 42 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Herman Van Dam
- Consultancy for Water and Nature, NL-1034 WR, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Chris D Evans
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-75007 Uppsala, Sweden
- UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, LL57 2UW Bangor, United Kingdom
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11
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Demir I, Blockx J, Dague E, Guiraud P, Thielemans W, Muylaert K, Formosa-Dague C. Nanoscale Evidence Unravels Microalgae Flocculation Mechanism Induced by Chitosan. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2020; 3:8446-8459. [PMID: 35019616 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c00772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Microalgae are a promising resource for biofuel production, although their industrial use is limited by the lack of effective harvesting techniques. Flocculation consists in the aggregation and adhesion of cells into flocs that can be more easily removed from water than individual cells. Although it is an efficient harvesting technique, contamination is a major issue as chemical flocculants are often used. An alternative is to use natural biopolymers flocculants such as chitosan. Chitosan is a biobased nontoxic polymer that has been effectively used to harvest Chlorella vulgaris cells at a pH lower than its pKa (6.5). While the reported flocculation mechanism is said to rely on electrostatic interactions between chitosan and the negative cell surface, no molecular evidence has yet confirmed this mechanism. In this study, we performed force spectroscopy atomic force microscopy (AFM) experiments to probe the interactions between C. vulgaris cells and chitosan at the molecular scale to decipher its flocculation mechanism. Our results showed that at pH 6, chitosan interacts with C. vulgaris cell wall through biological interactions rather than electrostatic interactions. These observations were confirmed by comparing the data with cationically modified cellulose nanocrystals, for which the flocculation mechanism, relying on an electrostatic patch mechanism, has already been described for C. vulgaris. Further AFM experiments also showed that a different mechanism was at play at higher pH, based on chitosan precipitation. Thus, this AFM-based approach highlights the complexity of chitosan-induced flocculation mechanisms for C. vulgaris.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irem Demir
- TBI, Université de Toulouse, INSA, INRAE, CNRS, 31400 Toulouse, France.,LAAS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 31400 Toulouse, France
| | - Jonas Blockx
- Sustainable Materials Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering, KU Leuven, Campus Kulak Kortrijk, 8500 Kortrijk, Belgium.,Laboratory for Aquatic Biology, KU Leuven, Campus Kulak Kortrijk, 8500 Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Etienne Dague
- LAAS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 31400 Toulouse, France.,Fédération de Recherche FERMAT, CNRS, 31000 Toulouse, France
| | - Pascal Guiraud
- TBI, Université de Toulouse, INSA, INRAE, CNRS, 31400 Toulouse, France.,Fédération de Recherche FERMAT, CNRS, 31000 Toulouse, France
| | - Wim Thielemans
- Sustainable Materials Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering, KU Leuven, Campus Kulak Kortrijk, 8500 Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Koenraad Muylaert
- Laboratory for Aquatic Biology, KU Leuven, Campus Kulak Kortrijk, 8500 Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Cécile Formosa-Dague
- TBI, Université de Toulouse, INSA, INRAE, CNRS, 31400 Toulouse, France.,Fédération de Recherche FERMAT, CNRS, 31000 Toulouse, France
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12
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Kim DH, Yun HS, Kim YS, Kim JG. Effects of Co-culture on Improved Productivity and Bioresource for Microalgal Biomass Using the Floc-Forming Bacteria Melaminivora Jejuensis. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:588210. [PMID: 33392165 PMCID: PMC7775480 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.588210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial and algal floc formation was induced by inoculating three species of wastewater-derived bacteria (Melaminivora jejuensis, Comamonas flocculans, and Escherichia coli) into algal cultures (Chlorella sorokiniana). Bacterial and algal flocs formed in algal cultures inoculated with M. jejuensis and C. flocculans, and these flocs showed higher sedimentation rates than pure algal culture. The floc formed by M. jejuensis (4988.46 ± 2589.81 μm) was 10-fold larger than the floc formed by C. flocculans (488.60 ± 226.22 μm), with a three-fold higher sedimentation rate (M. jejuensis, 91.08 ± 2.32% and C. flocculans, 32.55 ± 6.33%). Biomass and lipid productivity were improved with M. jejuensis inoculation [biomass, 102.25 ± 0.35 mg/(L·day) and 57.80 ± 0.20 mg/(L·day)] compared with the productivity obtained under pure algal culture conditions [biomass, 78.00 ± 3.89 mg/(L·day) and lipids, 42.26 ± 2.11 mg/(L·day)]. Furthermore, the fatty acid composition of the biomass produced under pure algal culture conditions was mainly composed of C16:0 (43.67%) and C18:2 (45.99%), whereas the fatty acid composition of the biomass produced by M. jejuensis was mainly C16:0 (31.80%), C16:1 (24.45%), C18:1 (20.23%), and C18:2 (16.11%). These results suggest the possibility of developing an efficient method for harvesting microalgae using M. jejuensis and provide information on how to improve biomass productivity using floc-forming bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Hyun Kim
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Hyun-Sik Yun
- Department of Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Young-Saeng Kim
- Research Institute of Ulleung-Do & Dok-Do, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Jong-Guk Kim
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea.,School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
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